Slavo-Serbia or Slaveno-Serbia was a territory of Imperial Russia from 1753 to 1764. It was located to the south of the Donets River, between the Bakhmutka River and Luhan River. This area today is located within present-day Luhansk Oblast and Donetsk Oblast of Ukraine . The administrative centre of Slavo-Serbia was Bakhmut .
20-580: Pioneer commonly refers to a settler who migrates to previously uninhabited or sparsely inhabited territory. In the United States pioneer commonly refers to an American pioneer , a person in American history who migrated westward to settle in what is now the Western and Midwestern United States. Pioneer , The Pioneer , or pioneering may also refer to: Settler A settler is, in
40-552: A foreign land, personal financial hardship, social, cultural, ethnic, or religious persecution (e.g., the Pilgrims and Mormons ), penal deportation (e.g. of convicted criminals from England to Australia), political oppression, and government incentive policies aimed at encouraging foreign settlement. Slavo-Serbia It was bounded on the north by Slobozhanshchyna , on the west by the Cossack Hetmanate (a.k.a.
60-672: A group of predominantly Serb soldiers led by officer Jovan Albanez were officially formed into the Serbian Hussar Regiment . A year before the founding of Slavo-Serbia, a similar but separate colony called New Serbia was created in 1752. By the decree of the Senate of May 29, 1753, the free lands of this area were offered for settlement to Serbs , Romanians , Bulgarians , Greeks and other Balkan peoples of Orthodox Christian denomination to ensure frontier protection and development of this sparsely inhabited part of
80-478: Is a normal phenomenon by itself, it has not been uncommon throughout human history for settlers to have arrived in already-inhabited lands without the intention of living alongside the native population . In these cases, the conflict that arises between the settlers and the natives (or Indigenous peoples ) may result in the dispossession of the latter within the contested territory, usually violently. While settlers can act independently, they may receive support from
100-464: Is an ongoing phenomenon. The usage is controversial to some. In the Middle East and North Africa , there are a number of references to various squatter and specific policies that are referred to as settler-oriented in nature. Among those: The reasons for the emigration of settlers vary, but often they include the following factors and incentives: the desire to start a new and better life in
120-595: The American English use of "pioneer" to refer to a settler – a person who has migrated to a less occupied area and established permanent residence there, often to colonize the area; as first recorded in English in 1605. In United States history , it refers to the Europeans who were part of the process of settling new lands on Indigenous territories . In this usage, pioneers are usually among
140-552: The Americas in the 15th century), the terms "East Indian" and "Asian Indian" are also used to differentiate Indians from the Indigenous peoples of the United States. The process by which Indigenous territories are settled by foreign peoples is usually called settler colonialism . It relies upon a process of often violent dispossession. In the figurative usage, a "person who goes first or does something first" also applies to
160-708: The Indigenous peoples of the Americas and Indigenous Australians , such as Aborigines , First Nations , or Native Americans . In the United States , the terms "Indian" and "American Indian" are still common, but controversial. In order to avoid confusion with actual Indians or Indian Americans (as the Italian explorer Christopher Columbus mistakenly believed that he had arrived in India when he discovered
180-521: The steppes . The administrative center of the colony was made Bakhmut . The Sloviano-Serbia Commission that administered the area was based in the town. Slavo-Serbia was directly governed by Russia's College of War . As a prime goal of the colony was to protect the Russian Empire's southern borders, the Serb and other South Slavic settlers were predominantly of a military background, and
200-736: The Zaporizhian Host), the Crimean Khanate to the south, and the Don Cossack Host to the southeast. As far back as 1723, Serb military colonists had been settling to a limited extent in the area that is now modern Ukraine. These Serbs came largely from the Military Frontier of the Habsburg Empire , where they enjoyed autonomy from the state. The abolishment of sectors of the frontier, and thus
220-550: The broadest sense, a person who migrates to a new region to establish a permanent presence there. A settler is also called a pioneer if the land that they migrated to was previously uninhabited or sparsely populated. Settlers come from a sedentary society , which has developed in a generally fixed geographical location, in contrast to a nomadic society , which does not have a fixed habitat and moves around seasonally with various settlements. The process of settling land can be, and has often been, controversial: while human migration
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#1732764987320240-415: The capital town of Bakhmut was fortified. The settlers were divided into two military regiments, led by major generals Rajko Preradović and Jovan Šević (also known as Ivan Šević). The Serb officers like Preradović and Šević and their families went on to become wealthy landowners. The Serb settlers had hostile relations with the local Ukrainian population, who made up the majority of the population of
260-652: The first to an area, whereas settlers can arrive after first settlement and join others in the process of human settlement . This correlates with the work of military pioneers , who were tasked with construction of camps before the main body of troops would arrive at the designated campsite. The Russian Empire regularly invited Russian subjects and foreign nationals to settle in sparsely populated lands, mostly in North Asia , but also in Central Asia . These settlers were called colonists. These projects resulted in
280-549: The former land of Slavo-Serbia and the similar colony New Serbia , people with Serbian surnames can still be found. The settlers named many settlements in the colony after places from their homes back in the Balkans. In June 2000, amid celebrations of the 250th anniversary of Serb migration to Russia, there were efforts to make establish relations between the Ukrainian settlements and the settlements they had been named for in
300-463: The government of their country or empire or from a non-governmental organization as part of a larger campaign. The lifestyle of a native population is often disturbed or destroyed if they come into contact with a settler population that seeks to replace them. Many times throughout history, settlers occupied land that was previously inhabited by long-established peoples, who are designated as native or Indigenous . Additional terms may be used to describe
320-691: The inception of Slavo-Serbia , Volga Germans , Volhynia , and Russians in Kazakhstan , among other phenomena. Although settlers in the early modern era frequently made use of sea routes—significant waves of settlement could also use long overland routes, such as the Great Trek by the Boer - Afrikaners in South Africa , or the Oregon Trail in the United States. Anthropologists record
340-568: The loss of their autonomy, has been cited as a major reason for emigration to the Russian Empire. The Serbian polymath and historian Zaharije Orfelin posited that the Orthodox peoples of the Balkans were chosen by Tsar Peter for settlement because, as speakers of a similar language and followers of the same religion, they would be "more reliable" than the Zaporozhian Cossacks , who were considered "insufficient". In October 1723,
360-508: The newly created Novorossiya Governorate . Decades after the liquidation of the colony, the settlement of Pidhirne, which had been set up in the colony in 1753 was renamed to Slovianoserbsk , a name which it still holds today as a modern town. The Serbs who settled these areas have since largely assimilated with the local Ukrainians over the centuries, but in Ukraine's modern Luhansk , Donetsk , and Kirovohrad regions which cover
380-520: The region. The Russian government plans had anticipated that each regiment would contain 2,000 men, but by 1764, the total number of military men was at most 1,264. As a result, the two regiments were merged into the Bakhmut hussar regiment [ uk ; ru ] with its headquarters in Bakhmut, and that same year in 1764, Slavo-Serbia was abolished completely, and its territory transferred to
400-720: The tribal displacement of native settlers who drive another tribe from the lands it held, such as the settlement of lands in the area now called Carmel-by-the-Sea, California , where the Ohlone people settled in areas that were previously inhabited by the Esselen people . In Canada , the term "settler" is currently used to describe "the non-Indigenous peoples living in Canada who form the European-descended sociopolitical majority" and thereby asserting that settler colonialism
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