21-811: The Pir Panjal Range ( Urdu pronunciation: [piːɾ pənd͡ʒːɑːl] ; Kashmiri pronunciation: [piːr pãːt͡saːl] pronunciation ) is a range of mountains in the Lower Himalayan region located in the Western Himalayas of northern Indian subcontinent . It runs southeast to northwest between the Beas and Neelam/Kishanganga rivers, in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh and Indian-administered union territory of Jammu and Kashmir , with its northwestern end extending into territory administered by Pakistan. The Himalayas show
42-657: A 4,414 metres (14,482 ft) mountain pass in the Chamba district connecting Chamba with the Pangi valley of Himachal Pradesh , India. Rohtang La (altitude 3,978 m (13,051 ft)) is a mountain pass on the eastern Pir Panjal range connecting Manali in the Kullu Valley to Keylong in the Lahaul Valley. The Jawahar Tunnel is a 2.5 km (1.6 mi) long tunnel through Pir Panjal mountain under
63-904: A gradual elevation towards the Dhauladhar and Pir Panjal ranges. Pir Panjal is the largest and westernmost range of the Lesser Himalayas. Near the bank of the Sutlej River , it dissociates itself from the main Himalayan range and forms a divide between the Beas and Ravi rivers on one side and the Chenab on the other. Further west, the Pir Panjal range forms the southwestern boundary of the Kashmir Valley , separating it from
84-423: A new wider and longer tunnel has been planned at a lower elevation. Construction of a new 8.45 km (5.25 mi) long twin-tube Banihal Qazigund Road Tunnel started in 2011 and was commissioned in 2021. The new tunnel is at a lower elevation than the existing Jawahar tunnel and has reduced the road distance between Banihal and Qazigund by 16 km (9.9 mi). It is also less prone to snow avalanches as it
105-654: Is Shopian . The Munawar Pass (altitude 3,600 m (11,800 ft)) is a pass north of Peer Ki Gali, overlooking Rajouri. The Banihal pass (2,832 m (9,291 ft)) lies at the head of the Jhelum River at the southern end of the Kashmir Valley. Banihal and Qazigund lie on either side of the pass. The Sinthan pass connects the Kashmir valley with Kishtwar in the Jammu region. The Saach Pass ,
126-650: Is a 4,414-metre-high (14,482 ft) mountain pass in Chamba District , Himachal Pradesh , India on the Pir Panjal range of the Himalayas . It is 127 km (79 mi) from the District Headquarters. It connects the Chamba valley with the Pangi valleys of Himachal Pradesh , India. There is a helipad on the ascent towards Sach pass from Bairagarh of Himachal Pradesh. The pass
147-651: Is at a lower elevation. The Atal Tunnel has been built under the Rohtang Pass in the eastern Pir Panjal range of the Himalayas on the Leh-Manali Highway . With 8.8 km (5.5 mi) length, the tunnel is the second longest road tunnel in India and has reduced the distance between Manali and Keylong by about 60 km (37 mi). The tunnel is at 3,100 metres (10,171 ft) elevation whereas
168-782: Is open from June or early July to mid October. The road is narrow and unmetalled. It is the gateway to the Pangi Valley. It is the shortest and toughest route from Chamba to the Killar (170 km) and was newly constructed. Pangi is also accessible all the year round from Paddar valley (Jammu & Kashmir) but it is a longer route as one has to take the Chamba to Baderwah or Udhampur road in Jammu &Kashmir. 1998 Chamba massacre also took place at Satrundi & Kalaban when 35 Hindus and some buddhist, mostly labourers, were shot down by terrorists, and 11 were injured. They were working on
189-540: The Banihal pass connects Banihal with Qazigund on the other side of the mountain. The Jawahar Tunnel was named after the first Prime Minister of India was constructed in the early 1950s and commissioned in December 1956 to ensure snow-free passage throughout the year. It is at elevation of about 2,100 m (6,900 ft). It was designed for 150 vehicles per day but now used by more than 7,000 vehicles per day. Therefore,
210-581: The Himachal Range, various hill Stations have developed in the region. 28°45′N 83°30′E / 28.750°N 83.500°E / 28.750; 83.500 This Indian location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Pakistan location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Nepalese location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Saach Pass Sachche Pass also known wrongly as sach pass
231-732: The Himalaya through the Middle Hills, gathering immediately north of the Himachal Range and cutting through in major gorges as the Karnali in the west, the Gandaki or Narayani in central Nepal, and the Kosi in the east. With temperatures persisting around forty degrees Celsius in the plains of India from April until the onset of the summer monsoon in June, but ten to fifteen degrees cooler atop
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#1732773099590252-565: The Mahabharata regions in western Punjab and southern Kashmir. Scholar Dineshchandra Sircar has analysed the geography described in the Shakti ‐sangama Tantra , where this is indeed the case. Scholar M. A. Stein believes that the concept of deity must have been translated into that of a Pir after the region was Islamised. Deo Tibba (6,001 m (19,688 ft)) and Indrasan (6,221 m (20,410 ft)) are two important peaks at
273-635: The Rohtang pass is at 3,978 metres (13,051 ft) elevation. Lying on the Manali-Leh axis, this is one of the two routes to Ladakh. The Pir Panjal Railway Tunnel , an 11.215 kilometres (6.969 mi) railway tunnel, passes through the Pir Panjal Range in Jammu and Kashmir. It connects Quazigund and Banihal and is a part of the Udhampur -Srinagar- Baramulla railway project. The tunnel
294-665: The Saach Pass road. There was a lack of security but now whole area is under surveillance and is now getting more popular among trekkers and tourists. It is the shortest route to Killar. With the completion of this road (Sach Pass) the distance from Pathankot to Leh via Saach pass has been reduced to 670 km while the distance from Pathankot to Leh via Manali is 800 km (497 mi). So this road can be used by Indian Army. Sach pass can be reached from three directions, via Pathankot-Dalhousie road, Manali-Udaipur road, and Udhampur/Anantnag-Kishtwar- Paddar - Pangi road. The first
315-442: The crest, extending north through lower valleys and other "hills" until population thins out above 2,000 m and cereal -based agriculture increasingly gives way to seasonal herding and cold-tolerant crops such as potatoes . Most ethnic groups found along the Himachal Range and northward into the Middle Hills have Tibeto-Burman affinities including Nepalese origins of Newar , Magar , Gurung , Tamang , Rai and Limbu , however
336-738: The eastern end of the mountain range. They can be approached from both the Parvati -Beas Valley (Kulu District), Upper Belt of Chamba Himachal Pradesh and the Chandra (Upper Chenab) Valley ( Lahaul and Spiti District) in Himachal Pradesh. The hill station of Gulmarg in Kashmir lies in this range. Haji Pir Pass (altitude 2,637 m (8,652 ft)) on the western Pir Panjal range on the road between Poonch and Uri in Indian-administered Kashmir . Despite taking
357-578: The hills of Jammu region, forming a divide between the Jhelum and Chenab rivers. The Pir Panjal range is named after the Pir Panjal Pass , whose original name as recorded by Srivara , is Panchaladeva ( IAST : Pāñcāladeva , meaning the deity of Panchala ). Panchala is a country mentioned in the Mahabharata in the northwest Uttar Pradesh . However, there are also traditions that place
378-566: The most populous ethnic group is Indo-European Hindus called Paharis , mainly of the upper Brahman , and Kshatriya , or Chhetri castes. Lower terrain south of the escarpment was historically malarial and inhabited by apparently aboriginal peoples with evolved immunity, notably the Tharu and Maithili people . The Himachal Range is an important hydrographic barrier crossed by relatively few rivers. Drainage systems have evolved candelabra configurations with numerous tributaries flowing south from
399-954: The north and the Sivalik Hills to the south. It extends from the Indus River in Pakistan to the Brahmaputra Valley in North East India traversing across North India , Nepal and Bhutan . The sub-range has an average elevation of 3,700–4,500 m (12,100–14,800 ft). Southern slopes of the Himachal Range are steep and nearly uninhabited due to a major fault system called the 'Main Boundary Thrust". The crest and northern slopes slope gently enough to support upland pastures and terraced fields. Nepal's densely populated Middle Hills begin along
420-472: The pass twice in military operations (in 1948 and 1965 ), India left the pass under Pakistani control. The Pir Panjal Pass (also called Peer Ki Gali ) connects the Kashmir valley with Rajouri and Poonch via the Mughal Road. It is the highest point of the Mughal Road at 3,490 m (11,450 ft) and lies to the southwest of the Kashmir Valley. The nearest town to the pass in the Kashmir valley
441-533: Was commissioned on 26 June 2013 for regular service. It is India's longest railway tunnel. 33°53′36″N 74°29′19″E / 33.89333°N 74.48861°E / 33.89333; 74.48861 Lesser Himalayas The Lower Himalayan Range also called the Lesser Himalayas or Himachal is one of the four parallel sub-ranges of the Himalayas . It has the Great Himalayas to
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