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28-535: Plauen ( German pronunciation: [ˈplaʊən] ; Upper Sorbian : Pławno ; Czech : Plavno ) is, with a population of around 65,000, the fifth-largest city of Saxony , Germany after Leipzig , Dresden , Chemnitz and Zwickau , the second-largest city of the Vogtland after Gera , as well as the largest city in the Saxon Vogtland ( Sächsisches Vogtland ). The city lies on the upper reaches of

56-663: A DIPLOMA Fachhochschule. Plauen is twinned with: The urban district of Jößnitz is twinned with Heilsbronn , Germany. Upper Sorbian language The history of the Upper Sorbian language in Germany began with the Slavic migrations during the 6th century AD. Beginning in the 12th century, there was a massive influx of rural Germanic settlers from Flanders , Saxony , Thuringia and Franconia . This so-called " Ostsiedlung " (eastern settlement or expansion) led to

84-722: A slow but steady decline in use of the Sorbian language. In addition, in the Saxony region, the Sorbian language was legally subordinated to the German language. Language prohibitions were later added: In 1293, the Sorbian language was forbidden in Berne castle before the courts; in 1327 it was forbidden in Zwickau and Leipzig , and from 1424 on it was forbidden in Meissen . Further, there was

112-690: Is a plan to rename the Oberer (Upper) station into Plauen Hauptbahnhof (Main Station). Vogtlandbahn (Vogtland Railway), a regional train company, operates services from Plauen to Hof , Werdau, Chemnitz , Zwickau , Falkenstein and Adorf within Germany and Cheb in the Czech Republic . At these stations, there are other Vogtlandbahn services to Munich , Regensburg , Marktredwitz, Dresden and Leipzig within Germany and Karlovy Vary and Prague in

140-476: Is the Burger Eydt Wendisch document, which was discovered in the city of Bautzen and dates to the year 1532. There are an estimated 20,000 to 25,000 speakers of Upper Sorbian. Almost all of these live in the state of Saxony , chiefly in the district of Bautzen (Budyšin). The stronghold of the language is the village of Crostwitz (Chrósćicy) and the surrounding municipalities, especially to

168-475: The Czech Republic . A Vogtlandbahn Express Bus service runs between Plauen and Berlin Schönefeld Airport and Zoological Garden. The Plauen Straßenbahn is a tram system with 6 lines connecting the center of city, the central Plauen-Tunnel stop, to the surrounding areas and the upper railway station (Oberer Bahnhof). Plauen is home to a University of Applied Sciences with about 300 students and

196-585: The German Empire . In the late-19th century, Plauen became a centre of textile manufacturing, specializing in Chemical lace , called Plauen lace . Around 1910, Plauen, as an industrial 'boomtown' of the region, reached its population peak (1910 census: 121,000, 1912: 128,000). Plauen's population, however, has shrunk dramatically since the Second World War (1939: 111,000 inhabitants). In

224-671: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Upper Sorbian: (All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.) Soviet occupation zone The Soviet occupation zone in Germany ( German : Sowjetische Besatzungszone (SBZ) or Ostzone , lit.   ' East Zone ' ; Russian : Советская оккупационная зона Германии , romanized :  Sovetskaya okkupatsionnaya zona Germanii )

252-798: The White Elster , a tributary of the Saale , in the Central Vogtlandian Hill Country. Plauen is the southwesternmost city of a string of cities sitting in the densely populated foreland of the Elster and Ore Mountains , stretching from Plauen in the southwest via Zwickau, Chemnitz and Freiberg to Dresden in the northeast. It is the seat of the Vogtland District . Plauen directly borders Greiz in Thuringia to

280-728: The " Democratic Bloc " (later the National Front ). In April 1946, the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) were forcibly merged to form the Socialist Unity Party which later became the governing party of the GDR. The SMAD set up ten "special camps" for the detention of Germans , making use of some former Nazi concentration camps . In 1945,

308-583: The 1930s, Plauen hosted the first chapter of the Nazi Party outside of Bavaria . During the war, the Nazis operated a prison in the town, and three subcamps of the Flossenbürg concentration camp . 500 women, mostly Polish, but also Russian, Italian, French, Yugoslavian and Croatian, were imprisoned and used as forced labour in the first two subcamps, and 50 men from various countries were imprisoned in

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336-719: The Allied victory. According to the Potsdam Agreement , the Soviet Military Administration in Germany (German initials: SMAD) was assigned responsibility for the middle portion of Germany. Eastern Germany beyond the Oder-Neisse line , equal in territory to the SBZ, was to be annexed by Poland and its population expelled , pending a final peace conference with Germany. By the time armed forces of

364-623: The Soviet occupation zone consisted primarily of the central portions of Prussia . After Prussia was dissolved by the Allied powers in 1947, the area was divided between the German states (Länder) of Brandenburg , Mecklenburg , Saxony , Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia . On 7 October 1949, the Soviet zone became the German Democratic Republic. In 1952, the Länder were dissolved and realigned into 14 districts (Bezirke) , plus

392-733: The United States and United Kingdom began to meet Soviet Union forces, forming the Line of Contact , significant areas of what would become the Soviet zone of Germany were outside Soviet control. After several months of occupation, these gains by the British and Americans were ceded to the Soviets by July 1945, according to the previously agreed occupation zone boundaries. The SMAD allowed four political parties to develop, though they were all required to work together under an alliance known as

420-719: The city to commemorate past Jewish life in Plauen, such as the Jewish Cemetery. A 3D-model of the Jewish Synagogue of Plauen was designed by Prof. Marc Grellert and his team from the TU Darmstadt as a part of his project to 3D-design German synagogues that were demolished before, during and after WW2. https://www.architektur.tu-darmstadt.de/fachbereich/aktuelles_arch/architektur_news_details_133952.de.jsp The first freely elected mayor after German reunification

448-521: The condition in many guilds of the cities of the area to accept only members of German-language origin. However, the central areas of the Milzener and Lusitzer , in the area of today's Lusatia , were relatively unaffected by the new German language settlements and legal restrictions. The language therefore flourished there. By the 17th century, the number of Sorbian speakers in that area grew to over 300,000. The oldest evidence of written Upper Sorbian

476-816: The district of East Berlin . In 1952, with the Cold War political confrontation well underway, Joseph Stalin sounded out the Western Powers about the prospect of a united Germany which would be non-aligned (the " Stalin Note "). The West's lack of interest in this proposal helped to cement the Soviet Zone's identity as the GDR for the next four decades. "Soviet zone" and derivatives (or also, "the so-called GDR") remained official and common names for East Germany in West Germany, which refused to acknowledge

504-561: The first city of the GDR to have a McDonald's restaurant following the collapse of the Berlin Wall . As part of Saxony's local government reform of July 1st 2008, Plauen lost its status as a district-free city and was integrated into the Vogtlandkreis district. The Jewish community of Plauen dates back to the early 14th century and numbered several hundred between the two world wars. A reform-Jewish, bauhaus-style synagogue

532-471: The last years of the GDR (DDR), an officer school of the Border Guards ("Grenztruppen der DDR"). The first mass demonstration against the communist regime in the GDR began in Plauen on 7 October 1989; this was the beginning of a series of mass demonstrations across the country and ultimately led to the re-unification of Germany in 1990. The exposé Fast Food Nation gives special mention to Plauen as

560-462: The north, and it is also situated near the Saxon border with Bavaria ( Franconia ) and the Czech Republic ( Bohemia ). Plauen and the surrounding Saxon Vogtland are known as the center of the German embroidery and lace industry, and the products of the region are protected under the label Plauener Spitze  [ de ] ("Plauen Lace"). The Elster Viaduct ( Elstertalbrücke ), spanning

588-563: The third subcamp. It was occupied by American troops on 16 April 1945 but was left to Red Army on 1 July 1945. On 15 December 1945, the city issued 7 semi-postal postage stamps of its own to raise money for reconstruction. From 1945 onwards, Plauen fell into the Soviet occupation zone of Germany, which later became the German Democratic Republic (1949–1990). Plauen hosted a large Red Army occupation garrison and, in

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616-614: The valley of the White Elster between Plauen and Pöhl , is the second-largest brick bridge in the world, after the Göltzsch Viaduct . Although being a Saxon city, the regional Vogtlandian dialect spoken in Plauen is a ( Saxon -influenced) East Franconian variant related to the dialects of neighbouring Franconia in Bavaria. The name of the city as well as the names of many of its boroughs are of Slavic origin. Plauen

644-572: The west of it. In this core area, Upper Sorbian remains the predominant vernacular. The vowel inventory of Upper Sorbian is exactly the same as that of Lower Sorbian . Upper Sorbian has both final devoicing and regressive voicing assimilation , both word-internal and across word boundaries. In the latter context, /x/ is voiced to [ ɣ ] . Regressive voicing assimilation does not occur before sonorants and /h/ . The Lord's Prayer in Upper Sorbian: Article 1 of

672-594: Was Rolf Magerkord of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), who served from 1990 to 2000. The mayor was originally chosen by the city council, but since 1994 has been directly elected. Ralf Oberdorfer of the Free Democratic Party (FDP) was mayor between 2000 and 2021. The most recent mayoral election was held in two rounds on 13 June and 4 July 2021, in which Steffen Zenner (CDU) was elected. The most recent city council election

700-532: Was an area of Germany that was occupied by the Soviet Union as a communist area, established as a result of the Potsdam Agreement on 2 August 1945. On 7 October 1949 the German Democratic Republic (GDR), commonly referred to in English as East Germany , was established in the Soviet occupation zone. The SBZ was one of the four Allied occupation zones of Germany created at the end of World War II with

728-654: Was founded by Polabian Slavs in the 12th century as "Plawe" and was passed to the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1327. The town was captured by the Archbishop of Magdeburg , Lippold von Bredow , in 1384. In 1466, it was passed to Albertine Saxony and later in 1569 to the Electorate of Saxony . Plauen became incorporated into the Kingdom of Saxony in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars , and in 1871 it became part of

756-601: Was held on 9 June 2024, and the results were as follows: Plauen (Vogtland) Oberer Bahnhof lies on the Leipzig–Hof line . The section of this line through Plauen is part of the Saxon-Franconian trunk line running between Nürnberg , Hof , Plauen, Zwickau , Chemnitz and Dresden . The city had another station, Plauen (Vogtland) Unterer station (now defunct), on the Elster Valley Railway . There

784-516: Was opened in 1930, only to be demolished in 1938 during the Krystallnacht . Plauen becoming a Nazi stronghold, attacks against the Jewish community were frequent in the 1920s. Physically labelled Jews are documented from 1932. Most of the Jewish population either left or was killed during The Holocaust . Today, no Jewish community exists in Plauen. The city of Plauen maintains a few sites in

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