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47-498: For most sports the official term is field of play , although this is not regularly used by those outside refereeing/umpiring circles. The field of play generally includes out-of-bounds areas that a player is likely to enter while playing a match, such as the area beyond the touchlines in association football and rugby or the sidelines in American and Canadian football , or the " foul territory " in baseball . The surface of

94-618: A basketball key and 3-point line arranged around a hoop, overlaid by short-court tennis or pickleball lines (which can also be used for volleyball or badminton ) along the longer dimension. Game courts for private use will frequently be built with a high fence surrounding the surface to allow for containment of the ball used in play, and, if required, to prevent people from entering. Any of several materials have been used, including chain-link fencing , welded wire mesh fence , and fabric mesh or netting. Touchline In sports , out of bounds (or out-of-bounds ) refers to being outside

141-430: A dugout becomes dead and the batter-runner and any baserunners advance in accordance with Rule 7.04(c). However, a live ball bouncing off a dugout railing, if present, is still in play (unless a foul ball). Due to the dugouts' location in foul territory, live balls entering dugouts usually only occur after an errant throw by the defensive team. Individual leagues at levels below MLB are free to set their own rules governing

188-462: A dugout to catch a fly ball as long as one or both feet is on or over the playing field, and does not have a foot on the ground in the dugout when making the catch. MLB universal ground rules state that the player may subsequently enter the dugout after making the catch if his momentum is carrying him that way, but if he falls in the dugout as a result, the catch is allowed but baserunners advance in accordance with Rule 7.04(c).[3] A live ball entering

235-432: A game. Sports in which the playing surface is bounded by walls, such as ice hockey , box lacrosse , and indoor football , do not use sidelines; in these sports, coaches and reserve players are positioned in recessed benches behind the walls. In baseball , there are two ways for a batted ball to be out-of-bounds. One is to exit the field of play between the foul lines (the foul lines themselves are fair territory). If this

282-429: A patent by founder Guy Mafera which he first used to make spring beds. While sources vary on when Mafera first patented the method of forming chain link fence, his brother, Frank J. Mafera , patented a method of "forming wire fence fabric" in 1930 which made chain link fence safe and practical for residential use. It "eliminate[d] each ragged selvage , particularly at the top of the fence, without sacrificing anything of

329-428: A pitch is most commonly composed of sod (grass) , but may also be artificial turf , sand , clay , gravel , concrete , or other materials. A playing field on ice may be referred to as a rink , for example an ice hockey rink , although rink may also refer to the entire building or, in the sport of curling , to either the building or a particular team. In the sport of cricket , the cricket pitch refers not to

376-413: A player can "save" a ball by playing it while it is still in the air despite being over an out-of-bounds area; instead the ball is "out" if it fully crosses over a boundary line in the air. In Australian rules football , the ball is considered out of bounds when the whole of the ball is outside the plane of boundary line; or, if any part of the ball touches the behind post. Under most circumstances, play

423-427: A sports field, running parallel to each other and perpendicular to the goal lines . The foul lines in baseball and boundary lines in cricket are similar concepts. The terms o ut of bounds or out-of-bounds refers to an active participant or component of a game (e.g., player or ball ) being outside the playing boundaries of the field of a sport. The legality of going out of bounds (intentionally or not), and

470-464: Is a type of woven fence usually made from galvanized or linear low-density polyethylene -coated steel wire. The wires run vertically and are bent into a zigzag pattern so that each "zig" hooks with the wire immediately on one side and each "zag" with the wire immediately on the other. This forms the characteristic diamond pattern seen in this type of fence. In the United Kingdom,

517-404: Is achieved without touching the ground first, it is a home run , and the batter and teammates who are on base run to home plate and score a point for their team. If the ball bounced off the ground before exiting play, it is a ground rule double , and the batter and all runners not on third advance exactly two bases; runners only score if they were on second or third base. If the ball is hit outside

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564-458: Is called "Into Touch" which means that the ball has passed over the touchline). Play is restarted by a throw-in , goal kick or corner kick . In rugby league and rugby union , and their derivatives, the long parallel lines marking the lateral boundary of the field are called touch-lines. The continuation of the touch-line beyond the goal line ending at the dead ball line is called the "touch-in-goal line". Touch lines are considered outside

611-443: Is considered one that is outside of the area owned/serviced by a ski resort. Out of bounds areas can either be accessed by ducking under a rope or fence, or through marked gates. Usually, if one is caught 'cutting a rope', one will lose skiing privileges at the ski resort; depending on where one does so, they may also be arrested for trespassing . Out of bounds areas are not serviced by any type of lift, thus one must usually hike out of

658-449: Is in contact with the same), it is worth either four runs (points) if it bounced in the field first, or potentially up to six runs otherwise. In either case, the ball becomes dead . Any catches attempted by fielders also become invalidated if the fielder is touching the ball and steps outside of the field boundary before completing the catch. Most football codes differ from sports such as basketball, volleyball, or table tennis where

705-411: Is one of the names for a multi-sport athletic space, typically constructed outdoors, where such games as basketball , volleyball , paddle tennis and other racquet sports, and up to a dozen more games and activities can be played. They are usually smaller than a regulation tennis (120' x 60')or basketball (84'x50')court, although there is no set dimensions or size for a game court. The game-court concept

752-419: Is possible. Mesh is commonly 9, 11, or 11 + 1 ⁄ 2 wire gauge . Mesh length can also vary based on need, with the standard diamond size being 2 inches (5.1 cm). For tennis courts and ballparks, the most popular height is 10 or 12 feet (3.0 or 3.7 m). Tennis courts often use a diamond size of 1.75 inches (4.4 cm), as measured flat side to flat side, so that power hitters cannot lodge

799-402: Is restarted by means of a boundary throw-in after it has gone out of bounds: the boundary umpire throws the ball high in the air and backwards over his head to a neutral contest 15-20m in from the line. Under the following circumstances, a free kick awarded against the team who put the ball out of bounds: In gridiron football , a play is considered to be dead if a ball or the player carrying

846-417: Is touched by a player who is standing on or touching any part of the line) is considered out of bounds. When the ball goes out of bounds, it is awarded to the team that did not last touch it, regardless of which team last possessed the ball. The team entitled to the ball is required to throw it into the court. For the batting team, when the ball touches the ground outside of the field (or a fielder player who

893-526: The NFL instituted a new rule, where the ball would be awarded to the receiving team five yards ahead of the spot where it went out of bounds. In Canadian football , if a fumble goes out of bounds, the team of the last player to touch it gets possession. In association football , the ball becomes out of play when it has entirely crossed a goal line or touch line (in Association Football, this

940-426: The goal lines . The term is predominantly in use in American football , Canadian football , field lacrosse and basketball . In rugby union , rugby league and association football , they are known as touch-lines . The foul line is a similar concept in baseball . In cricket , the boundary lines can be marked by a rope. The sidelines are also where the coaching staff and players out of play operate during

987-456: The area. Also, out of bounds areas are serviced by no ski patrol and are not checked for avalanche potential, thus one must be properly equipped for avalanche rescue and understand the dangers of a rescue. In tennis , an out is an error in which the ball lands outside the playing area. In various tag games , non-tagging players who step out of the field are generally eliminated from play. In atya patya , offensive players who step out of

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1034-503: The ball goes out of bounds. A forward pass thrown to a player who has one (in the NCAA ) or both (in most other codes including the NFL ) feet on the ground out of bounds is considered an incomplete pass regardless of whether it was caught or not. In the NFL, the clock stops whenever a player carrying the ball steps out of bounds or fumbles the ball out of bounds. Within the last 2 minutes of

1081-423: The ball in the fence. The popularity of chain-link fence is from its relatively low cost and that the open weave does not obscure sunlight from either side of the fence. A chain-link fence can be made semi-opaque by using fence inserts in the mesh. Allowing ivy to grow up the fence and interweave itself is also popular. The installation of a chain-link fence involves setting posts into the ground and attaching

1128-417: The batter out. While the rules of baseball define the angle of the foul lines, there are no set rules as to how large a field should be, and it varies from baseball field to baseball field. Whether fielders can attempt to catch balls in dugouts or the stands varies. In major league baseball , it is possible in baseball for a dugout to be a factor in play. MLB rule 6.05(a) states that a fielder may reach into

1175-415: The clock stops when the ballcarrier goes out of bounds. If there are more than two minutes left in either half, the clock resumes when the umpire marks the ball as ready for the next play. If there are less than two minutes left in the half, the clock resumes upon the next play. If the player with the ball goes out of bounds in his own end zone, in most cases, it is considered to be a safety in favor of

1222-434: The course so marked by the committee in charge of the competition or the golf course. If a ball is out of bounds , the player must play a ball, under penalty of one stroke, as nearly as possible at the spot from which the original ball was last played. A golf ball is out of bounds when all of it lies out of bounds . A player may stand out of bounds to play a ball lying within bounds. In skiing , an out of bounds area

1269-500: The design. The surface of a game court—as opposed to simply playing on concrete or asphalt—is designed for safe play and to reduce injury. Many people have started to use suspended athletic courts to cover old athletic courts like tennis courts and basketball courts. The surface should provide appropriate traction for various types of sports and activities, as well as shock or force reduction to minimize overuse and stress injuries. Game courts are typically custom-designed to

1316-447: The dugouts as is appropriate for their league's ballparks and playing level. For example, the rule governing reaching into dugouts to catch fly balls would not apply in leagues where the dugouts are separated from the field by a chain-link fence that is taller than the players. Basketball differs from many other sports including tennis, volleyball, and association football in that a ball that touches any part of an endline or sideline (or

1363-433: The ease of prevention, vary by sport. Due to the chaotic nature of play, it is normal in many sports for players and/or the ball to go out of bounds frequently during a game. In some cases, players may intentionally go or send the ball out of bounds when it is to their advantage. The sidelines are the white or colored lines which mark the outer boundaries of a sports field, running parallel to each other and perpendicular to

1410-497: The entire field of play , but to the section of the field on which batting and bowling take place in the centre of the field. The pitch is prepared differently from the rest of the field, to provide a harder surface for bowling. A pitch is often a regulation space, as in an association football pitch . The term level playing field is also used metaphorically to mean fairness in non-sporting human activities such as business where there are notional winners and losers. Game court

1457-683: The essential strength and rigidity, of the fence itself, thus to avoid danger of injury to hands or clothing." Frank J. Mafera first sold this type of fencing from his company the Barnyard Fence Company in Raymond, New Hampshire , and his brother sold and produced the fencing at the American Chain Link Fence Company in Medford. Mafera's patent was updated in 1952, but expired in 1969 and is now used in

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1504-428: The fence at one end, stretches it, and attaches it at the other, easily removing the excess by "unscrewing" a wire. In many cases, the installer stretches a bottom tension wire, sometimes referred to as "coil wire", between terminal posts to help minimize the in and out movement that occurs at the bottom of the chain-link mesh between posts. Top horizontal rails are used on most chain-link fences, although not necessary if

1551-442: The fence to them. The posts may be steel tubing, timber, or concrete and may be driven into the ground or set in concrete. End, corner, or gate posts, commonly referred to as "terminal posts", must be set on a concrete footing or otherwise anchored to prevent leaning under the tension of a stretched fence. Posts set between the terminal posts are called "line posts" and are set at intervals not to exceed 10 feet. The installer attaches

1598-417: The fence. When the spiral reaches the far end of the fence, the spiral is cut near the blade. Next, the spiral is pressed flat, and the entire fence is moved up, ready for the next cycle. The end of every second spiral overlaps the end of every first spiral. The machine clamps both ends and gives them a few twists. This makes the links permanent. An improved version of the weaving machine winds two wires around

1645-573: The field without keeping any part of their body grounded within the field are deemed out. In kabaddi , a player is declared "out" if they step out of bounds, with the opposing team scoring a point. In kho kho , defensive players who step outside the field are automatically declared "out", with the offensive team scoring points as if they had tagged those defensive players. Chain-link fencing A chain-link fence (also referred to as wire netting , wire-mesh fence , chain-wire fence , cyclone fence , hurricane fence , or diamond-mesh fence )

1692-658: The firm of Barnard, Bishop & Barnards was established in Norwich to produce chain-link fencing by machine. The process was developed by Charles Barnard in 1844 based on cloth weaving machines (up until that time, Norwich had a long history of cloth manufacture). In the mid-1890s, the American Chain Link Fence Company in Medford, Massachusetts , was the first company in the United States to patent an "exclusive manufacturing process of continuous wire fabric" thanks to

1739-412: The first half, the last 5 minutes of the game, or after a change of possession, the clock remains stopped until the next snap; at all other times, the clock restarts when the referee signals indicating that the ball has been placed for the next down. In arena football , the field is walled so that play can almost never go out of bounds. At all other times, the clock keeps ticking. In college football ,

1786-425: The foul lines (such as to the side or behind the batter), it is a foul ball , and is equivalent to a strike, unless the batter has two strikes (in that instance, the strike count remains at two; the only exception to this is if the batter bunted the ball and it went foul, in which case the batter is called out). The foul ball bounds do not apply to fielders, who are allowed to try to catch a foul ball, which would put

1833-444: The interests of the family or organization, and are versatile in enabling a wide variety of sports to be played in a relatively small space. Some activities played on a game court are enjoyable modifications of other sports (such as short-court tennis) that allow for similar skills to be developed as the 'regulation' game, but on a reduced-scale court size. A typical game court of 50 by 30 feet (15.2 m × 9.1 m) might include

1880-417: The line posts and the chain-link mesh "hog ringed" to the tension wire 2' on center. The manufacturing of chain-link fencing is called weaving . A metal wire , often galvanized to reduce corrosion , is pulled along a rotating long and flat blade , thus creating a somewhat flattened spiral . The spiral continues to rotate past the blade and winds its way through the previous spiral that is already part of

1927-401: The nearest face-off dot to where the puck had gone out of play. However, if the puck is directly shot out of bounds over the glass deliberately by a player such as a goaltender or any defensive player within their own defensive zone, a delay of game minor penalty shall be assessed on the offending player. In golf , " Out of Bounds " is beyond the boundaries of the golf course or any part of

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1974-455: The other team. A ball kicked out of bounds through the end zone is a touchback ; in Canadian football , this situation usually is awarded a single point . A kickoff that goes out of bounds is a penalty . Up through 1986, this required the kicking team to rekick the ball from five yards behind the spot of the original kickoff, unless the penalty was declined by the receiving team. In 1987,

2021-421: The playing boundaries of the field . The legality of going out of bounds (intentionally or not), and the ease of prevention, vary by sport. Sports that use this term include American football , Canadian football , field lacrosse , basketball , rugby union , rugby league , and association football . The boundary may be associated with the sidelines or touch-lines, lines which mark the outer boundaries of

2068-419: The playing field. Following the ball going out of bounds, play is restarted in a variety of ways, depending on the circumstances and rules of the particular game. In rugby union the two touch-lines may not be more than 70 metres (230 ft) apart. In ice hockey , if the puck gets knocked out of play (such as into the player's benches, over the glass, or into the netting), a face-off shall be conducted at

2115-497: The production of most chain link fencing. In the United States, fencing usually comes in 20-foot (6.1 m) or 50-foot (15 m) rolls, which can be joined by "unscrewing" one of the end wires and then "screwing" it back in so that it hooks both pieces. Common heights include one-foot increments from 3 feet (0.91 m) to 8 feet (2.4 m), and other heights including 3 feet 6 inches (1.07 m), 10 feet (3.0 m), and 12 feet (3.7 m) although almost any height

2162-420: The terminal posts are braced correctly. A top tension wire may be used in this situation. Bottom rails may be added in place of bottom tension wires, and for taller fences, 10 feet or more, intermediate horizontal rails are often added. Finally, the installer ties the fence to the line posts and rails with steel or aluminum wire with a hook on one end called “fence ties”. The bottom tension wire should be secured to

2209-825: Was popularized by Sport Court in the 1970s, and some generic references are made to game courts as 'sport courts', although that is a trademark of Connor Sport Court International, LLC. Game courts are often found in residential backyards, giving families and children opportunities for healthy recreation close to home. Game courts are usually constructed using a rectangular sub-base made from concrete or asphalt, then covered with an open-grid modular polypropylene (or similar) sports surface to improve safety. Most feature athletic equipment such as basketball goals, net systems for racquet sports, volleyball and badminton, lights for nighttime play, fencing or ball containment netting, hockey/soccer goals, lines or markings for various sports, and practice or training components can also be incorporated into

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