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42-523: In the years 1775-76 Count Henry Ernest of Stolberg-Wernigerode had a grand hunting lodge built on the Königskoll in the Huysburger Häu south of Ilsenburg. He named it Plessenburg after his son-in-law, Prince Frederick Erdmann of Anhalt-Köthen-Pleß. In the 19th century, there was a forester's house some distance away from the hunting lodge, which soon become a popular day tripper's cafe. In 1880

84-400: A letter of credence accrediting an ambassador from one head of state to another. The term self-styled , or soi-disant , roughly means awarding a style to oneself, often without adequate justification or authority, but the expression often refers to descriptions or titles (such as "aunt", "expert", "Doctor", or "King"), rather than true styles in the sense of this article. Though

126-610: A timber-framed building was built for the kitchen staff immediately next to the hunting lodge. The kitchen staff building became a restaurant when the Princes of Stolberg-Wernigerode were dispossessed after the Second World War, and it was later joined structurally to the old hunting lodge. Today it is a popular inn for day visitors, the Gasthaus Plessenburg . Numerous footpaths converge on Plessenburg from

168-408: A wife of an office holder or of a prince of the blood, for the duration of their marriage . They are also almost universally used for presidents in republics and in many countries for members of legislative bodies , higher-ranking judges , and senior constitutional office holders. Leading religious figures also have styles. The second-person (singular and plural) possessive adjective your

210-502: Is an official or legally recognized form of reference for a person or other entity (such as a government or company), and may often be used in conjunction with a personal title . A style, by tradition or law , precedes a reference to a person who holds a post or political office and is sometimes used to refer to the office itself. An honorific can also be awarded to an individual in a personal capacity. Such styles are particularly associated with monarchies , where they may be used by

252-410: Is only one at a time (e.g., president, speaker, governor, or mayor) are only officially used by the current office holder. However, titles for offices of which there are many concurrent office holders (e.g., ambassador, senator, judge, professor or military ranks, especially colonel and above) are retained for life: A retired U.S. Army general is addressed as "General (Name)" officially and socially for

294-475: Is still widely used as an informal practice; e.g., Jimmy Carter is still often called President Carter. The Vice President is typically referred to as "former Vice President", such as "former Vice President Mike Pence." Similarly, governors are typically addressed in later life as "Governor (Name)", particularly if running for further political office. Mitt Romney , for example, was frequently referred to as "Governor Romney" during his 2012 presidential campaign and

336-633: Is used as a form of address (that is, when speaking directly to the person[s] entitled to the style[s]); the third-person possessive adjectives his/her' (singular) and their (plural) are used as forms of reference (that is, when speaking about the person[s] entitled to the style[s]). Traditional forms of address at German -speaking universities: Traditional forms of address at Dutch -speaking universities: Traditional forms of address at Italian -speaking universities: Philosophers Works General tradition indicates that monarchs who have ceased to reign but not renounced their hereditary titles, retain

378-478: The Irish vocative forms differ ( a Thaoisigh and a Thánaiste ). The President may be styled 'His/Her Excellency' ( Irish : A Shoilse , IPA: [ə ˈhəil̠ʲʃə] / A Soilse [ə ˈsˠəl̠ʲʃə] ) and addressed 'Your Excellency' (Irish: A Shoilse ), or simply 'President' (Irish: A Uachtaráin [ə ˈuəxt̪ˠəɾˠaːnʲ] ). The titles ' Minister ' and ' Senator ' are used as forms of address; only

420-557: The Kingdom of Westphalia . In the 1815 Congress of Vienna , Stolberg-Wernigerode was granted to Prussia , although successive counts retained sovereign rights until 1876. The territory was incorporated into the Prussian Province of Saxony in 1815. The Counts of Stolberg-Wernigerode were considered Reichsfrei . The children of Fürsten , Fürstinnen and Erbprinzen (Princes and Princesses) zu Stolberg-Wernigerode bore

462-686: The United Kingdom , Anne, Princess Royal , is styled Her Royal Highness (HRH), her husband, Sir Timothy Laurence , bears no courtesy style by virtue of being her husband (although his mother-in-law, Queen Elizabeth II, has since knighted him), nor do her children bear any title or style, by right or tradition, despite being in the line of succession to the Crown, until 2015 subject to the Royal Marriages Act 1772 . In contrast, when Sophie Rhys-Jones married Prince Edward , she became HRH

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504-469: The Countess of Wessex (&c.) and their children are entitled (although they do not use them) to the princely prefix and the style of HRH, and do bear courtesy titles derived from their father. Styles and titles can change when a marriage is dissolved. The Lady Diana Frances Spencer held the style Her Royal Highness during her marriage to HRH The Prince of Wales and the title Princess of Wales . When

546-710: The Harz line of Stolberg-Stolberg was divided between a senior Stolberg-Wernigerode line and a junior Stolberg-Stolberg line. Because Wernigerode was heavily damaged by the Thirty Years' War , the Counts of Stolberg-Wernigerode also resided in the castle of Ilsenburg . The town of Gedern in Hesse , acquired in 1535, became the seat of the cadet branch of Stolberg-Gedern in 1677. This junior line, raised to an imperial principality by Emperor Charles VII of Wittelsbach in 1742,

588-585: The Jamaican Order of the Nation . Prime ministers and their spouses are also styled this way upon receipt of the Order of the Nation, which is only given to Jamaican governors-general and prime ministers. His Excellency/Her Excellency is used before the name of President of India as well as before of governors of the states. However, it is not mandatory for an Indian citizen to use this style to address

630-541: The Oath of Office using his nickname). One notable exception involves judges: a judge of any court is almost invariably addressed as "Your Honor" while presiding over his or her court, and often at other times as well. This style has been removed in the Republic of Ireland , where judges are addressed only as "Judge". However, styles are still widely used in formal documents and correspondence between heads of state, such as in

672-541: The United States are styled " The Honorable " in writing, (e.g., "The Honorable Mike Rawlings, Mayor of the City of Dallas"). Many are addressed by their title in conversation as "Mister" or "Madam" ("Mr. President", "Madam Mayor") or simply by their name with their appropriate title e.g., "Senator Jones" or "Commissioner Smith". Continued use of a title after leaving office depends on the office: those of which there

714-565: The accession of her husband as King, because of the strong association to the late Diana, Princess of Wales. From the divorce until her death in 1997, Diana, Princess of Wales ceased to hold any royal style, although the monarch declared that she remained a Princess of the United Kingdom and in occasions when members of the Royal Family appeared in public, she continued to be accorded the same royal precedence. When Sarah Ferguson

756-599: The actual rank of the person in question, though a literal translation of the word would read more like this: He (or She) whose words are beyond questioning, Great Lawgiver of the Nation . Within the Zulu Kingdom of Southern Africa , meanwhile, the monarch and other senior royals are often addressed as uNdabezitha meaning He (or She) Who Concerns the Enemy , but rendered in English as Majesty in address or reference to

798-682: The beginning of May to the end of October). Plessenburg and the Oberförster Koch Memorial are numbers 7 and 25 in the system of checkpoints on the Harzer Wandernadel hiking network. Also in the vicinity is the Ferdinandstein (no. 16). 51°49′55″N 10°40′05″E  /  51.83194°N 10.66806°E  / 51.83194; 10.66806 Stolberg-Wernigerode The County of Stolberg-Wernigerode ( German : Grafschaft Stolberg-Wernigerode )

840-480: The continent or symbolically in the sense of its varied chiefships of the name , and which therefore serve a function similar to the said styles of Highness and Royal Highness. For example, the Yoruba people of West Africa usually make use of the word Kabiyesi when speaking either to or about their sovereigns and other royals. As such, it is variously translated as Majesty, Royal Highness or Highness depending on

882-427: The couple divorced she lost her style: she became instead Diana, Princess of Wales . (although she fit the criteria which customarily accords the prefix of "Lady" to the daughter of an earl, and she had been known as such prior to marriage, she did not revert to that title following divorce). When applied to the current Princess of Wales , inclusion of a definite article ("The Princess of Wales"), is, like HRH, part of

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924-592: The feet of the Supreme Pontiff, the Pope . Many of these traditions have lapsed or been partially abandoned. At his inauguration as pope in 1978 (itself the abandonment of the traditional millennium-old papal coronation), Pope John Paul II himself kissed cardinals on the cheeks, rather than follow the traditional method of homage of having his feet kissed. Similarly, styles, though still used, are used less often. The former President of Ireland , Mary McAleese ,

966-920: The king and his consorts, or Royal Highness in the case of other senior members of the royal family. The Chief Executive is styled as The Honourable . Certain senior government officials (such as the Chief Secretary for Administration ), President of the Legislative Council , members of the Executive Council , and members of the judiciary (such as the Chief Justice of the Court of Final Appeal ) are also styled as The Honourable . In Ireland , holders of offices with Irish names are usually addressed in English by its nominative form (so, ' Taoiseach ' and ' Tánaiste '), though

1008-559: The latter as a style. A TD ( Teachta Dála ) is formally addressed and styled as 'Deputy', though often simply Mr. , Mrs. , etc. Similarly, county and city councillors can be addressed as 'Councillor', abbreviated Cllr. which is used as a written style, but are just as frequently addressed as Mr. , Mrs., etc. "The Right Honourable" is added as a prefix to the name of various collective entities such as: Styles can be acquired through marriage, although traditionally this applies more to wives of office-holders than to husbands. Thus, in

1050-498: The manner of address to the behaviour of a person on meeting that personage was surrounded by traditional symbols. Monarchs were to be bowed to by men and curtsied to by women. Senior clergy, particularly in the Roman Catholic Church, were to have their rings (the symbol of their authority) kissed by lay persons while they were on bended knee, while cardinals in an act of homage at the papal coronation were meant to kiss

1092-1234: The president or the governors after a notification from the President House. But it is mandatory for foreigners to address the president and governors. Your Honour/My Lord – It is used before the names of judges but now it is also not mandatory. The Supreme Court in a hearing said that people need to respect the judges and "Sir" is sufficient for it. With a long history of rulers, there are many styles which vary from territory to territory and languages for royal families in India, commonly Maharaja (for king), Maharani (queen) whereas for their successors Raja, Rani (Maha meaning "Great" removed). Rajkumar (for prince) and Rajkumari (for princess). Others include Hukam (commonly in Rajasthan ), Sardar (kings in territories of Punjab within Sikh Empire ), Badshah ( Mughal Empire ), Vazeer-e-Aala (in Mughal Empire ) etc. In most of Africa , many styles are used by traditional royalty . Generally

1134-637: The rest of their life. Military retirees are entitled to receive pay and are still counted as members of the United States Armed Forces. Accordingly, all retired military ranks are retained for life pursuant to Title 10 of the United States Code. In the case of the President, while the title is officially dropped after leaving office – e.g., Dwight Eisenhower reverted to his prior style "General Eisenhower" in retirement – it

1176-461: The same time, such as ambassadors, senators, judges, and military officers, who retire retain use of their hierarchical honorific for life. Holders of titles of which there is only one office holder at a time such as president, chief justice or speaker revert to their previous honorific when they leave office out of deference to the current office holder. Styles were often among the range of symbols that surrounded figures of high office. Everything from

1218-554: The style which accompanies the title. When King Charles III (Then; HRH the Prince of Wales) was remarried to Camilla Parker-Bowles in compliance with the Royal Marriages Act, she lawfully became HRH The Princess of Wales but, as was the announced intention prior to the couple's wedding, she continues to use the lesser title derived from her husband's Duchy of Cornwall and was known as HRH The Duchess of Cornwall, until

1260-728: The surrounding area; from Ilsenburg, Drübeck , Darlingerode , Wernigerode and Bad Harzburg . It is a popular intermediate stop on the outward or return journey to the highest peak in the Harz, the Brocken . Not far from the Plessenburg lie the crags of the Wolfsklippen with their observation platform, and the Ilse Falls in the Ilse valley. In addition there is a summer bus route from Wernigerode via Ilsenburg to Plessenburg (from

1302-416: The title of Prince(ss) zu Stolberg-Wernigerode and were styled as Serene Highness . Other members of this line bore the equal title of Graf /Gräfin zu Stolberg-Wernigerode (not to be confused with ordinary Counts) and were styled as Illustrious Highness . Style (manner of address) A style of office , also called manner of reference , or form of address when someone is spoken to directly,

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1344-447: The use of such titles which are, nonetheless, generally accorded by extant monarchical regimes. In 1981, the then Greek President Konstantinos Karamanlis declined to attend the wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales when it was revealed that Greece's deposed monarch, a cousin of the Prince, had been referred to as "King" in his invitation. The current Hellenic Republic has challenged King Constantine's right to use his title and his passport

1386-467: The use of their style and title for the duration of their lifetimes, but both die with them. Hence, prior to his death, Greece's deposed king was still styled His Majesty King Constantine II , as a personal title, not as occupant of a constitutional office, since the abolition of the monarchy by the Hellenic Republic in 1974. Similarly, until his death, the last King of Italy, Umberto II ,

1428-415: The vast majority of the members of these royal families use the titles Prince and Princess, while the higher ranked amongst them also use either Highness or Royal Highness to describe secondary appellations in their native languages that they hold in their realms, appellations that are intended to highlight their relative proximity to their thrones, either literally in the sense of the extant kingships of

1470-672: Was a county of the Holy Roman Empire located in the Harz region around Wernigerode , now part of Saxony-Anhalt , Germany . It was ruled by a branch of the House of Stolberg . The Counts of Wernigerode had become extinct in 1429 and their lands were inherited through Salic law by the Counts of Stolberg , sovereign counts of the Empire since the early 11th century. On 31 May 1645,

1512-456: Was addressed as such formally in the debates, having been Governor of Massachusetts until 2007. All former monarchies had styles, some, such as those of the Bourbon monarchy of France , extremely complicated depending on the status of the office or office-holder. Otto von Habsburg , who was Crown Prince of Austria-Hungary (1916–1918), had the style 'His Imperial and Royal Highness'. He

1554-576: Was divorced from her husband, HRH Prince Andrew, Duke of York , she too lost her HRH style, the rank as a British Princess and was re-styled as "Sarah, Duchess of York". In 1936, Wallis Simpson was denied the HRH style by George VI when she married his older brother, the former Edward VIII , who became HRH the Duke of Windsor following his abdication and receipt of a peerage. The names of most current and former elected federal and state officials and judges in

1596-579: Was last addressed as such by church figures during the funeral of his late mother, Empress-Queen Zita of Austria-Hungary in 1989, although the use of these styles has been prohibited in Austria since 1920. For the styles of address to government officials in Imperial Russia , see Table of Ranks . The names of some offices are also titles , which are retained by the office holder for life. For example, holders of titles of which there are many at

1638-413: Was reacquired by Stolberg-Wernigerode in 1804. The Wernigerode line also re-acquired Stolberg-Schwarza on 14 September 1748. In 1714, Count Christian Ernest surrendered his military and the fiscal independence of Stolberg-Wernigerode to King Frederick William I of Prussia , although he still maintained subordinated rule over his territories as a count. The county was mediatised in 1807 and made part of

1680-653: Was revoked in 1994 because he did not use a surname, as his passport at the time stated "Constantine, former King of the Hellenes". However, Constantine II later travelled in and out of Greece on a Danish diplomatic passport as a descendant of Christian IX of Denmark , by the name Constantino de Grecia ( Spanish for "Constantine of Greece"). Known as terasul in the Malay language. The Most Honourable – In Jamaica , governors-general , as well as their spouses, are entitled to be styled "The Most Honourable" upon receipt of

1722-462: Was usually referred to as President Mary McAleese , not President McAleese , as had been the form used for the first six presidents, from President Hyde to President Hillery. Tony Blair asked initially to be called Tony . First names, or even nicknames , are often widely used among politicians in the US, even in formal situations (as an extreme example, President James Earl "Jimmy" Carter chose to take

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1764-524: Was widely referred to as King Umberto II and sometimes addressed as Your Majesty . In contrast, Simeon of Bulgaria who, subsequent to the loss of his throne in 1947, was elected to and held the premiership of his former realm as "Simeon Sakskoburggotski", and therefore is as often referred to by the latter name as by his former royal title and style. While this rule is generally observed, and indeed some exiled monarchs are allowed diplomatic passports by their former realm, other republics officially object to

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