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50-526: Pradera is one of 42 municipalities in Valle de Cauca , and is located in the south-eastern corner of the department. Its geography is characterized by large mountain ranges of the Andes and meadows, which are largely used for sugarcane cultivation. The town was officially established on 15 October 1862 by Rafael González Camacho, Sergio Carvajal, Sixto María Sánchez, Sixto Prado Concha, and Apolinar Obregón. In

100-605: A lozenge , or diamond-shape, while clergymen and ladies in continental Europe bear their arms upon a cartouche , or oval. Other shapes are also in use, such as the roundel commonly used for arms granted to Aboriginal Canadians by the Canadian Heraldic Authority , or the Nguni shield used in African heraldry (likewise, Christian organisations and Masonic bodies tend to use the same shape, also known as

150-406: A shield , divided into four quadrants, above which lays a yellow banner displaying the name of the municipality. A Convolvulus flower with a hummingbird are depicted above the banner, representing the common flora and fauna of Pradera gardens. They are surrounded by Pradera's motto, "Paz Trabajo Amor" (English: Peace, Work, Love ). The upper left quadrant on the shield depicts the sun rising in

200-500: A vesica piscis ). Although an escutcheon can be used as a charge on its own, the most common use of an escutcheon charge is to display another coat of arms as a form of marshalling . Such escutcheon charges are usually given the same shape as the main shield. When there is only one escutcheon charge, it is sometimes called an inescutcheon . The word escutcheon (late 15th century) is based on Old North French escuchon ('shield'). The earliest depictions of proto-heraldic shields in

250-524: A decoration above the head of every official on the Austerlitz table, commissioned by Napoleon for propaganda purposes. The term "console" in architecture is generally used for elements which provide support, such as corbels on a console table . A console in heraldry is a decorative frame or support, generally in an architectural or illustrative context, surrounding a heraldic shield or escutcheon, which serves to add interest to and mitigate

300-664: A festival of Andean Music ; in May an art festival; in November a small-business fair; and in December it celebrates the anniversary of Mary's immaculate conception . Since the creation of the Pradera District, by Ordinance No. 1 of January 27, 1871, the economic base of the municipality has been agriculture and livestock. Other forms of production, such as manufacturing, constitute small-scale economic activity. Today, much of

350-653: A fourth group of explorers. The Department of Valle del Cauca was created by decree number 340 on April 16, 1910, which created 12 other departments in Colombia. The Valle del Cauca Department was a result of the union of four former departments: Cartago , Buga , and Cali . The government of Valle del Cauca is similar to the central government of Colombia , which has three branches of power: executive, legislative, and judicial, along with various control agencies with oversight capacity. The executive branch in Valle del Cauca

400-407: A lozenge-shaped shield with the unaltered escutcheon of pretence in the centre. Women in same-sex marriages may use a shield or banner to combine arms, but can use only a lozenge or banner when one of the spouses dies. The points of the shield refer to specific positions thereon and are used in blazons to describe where a charge should be placed. An inescutcheon is a smaller escutcheon that

450-659: A lozenge. An oval or cartouche is occasionally also used instead of the lozenge for armigerous women. As a result of rulings of the English Kings of Arms dated 7 April 1995 and 6 November 1997, married women in England, Northern Ireland and Wales and in other countries recognising the jurisdiction of the College of Arms in London (such as New Zealand) also have the option of using their husband's arms alone, marked with

500-447: A lozenge—and suo jure peeresses , who may display their own arms alone on a lozenge even if married. In general a woman was represented by her paternal arms impaled by the arms of her husband on an escutcheon as a form of marshalling . In modern Canadian heraldry, and certain other modern heraldic jurisdictions, women may be granted their own arms and display these on an escutcheon. Life peeresses in England display their arms on

550-445: A mayor, who is a popularly elected representative of the governor. Valle del Cauca has a diversified economy. Its valley contains sugarcane , cotton, soy , and sorghum crops, and there are coffee crops in the mountains. The department is known for its sugar industry, which provides sugar to the markets of the rest of the country and nearby countries. The sugar is obtained from the large sugar cane plantations, which were introduced to

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600-446: A small lozenge as a difference to show that the arms are displayed for the wife and not the husband; or of using their own personal arms alone, marked with a small shield as a brisure for the same reason. Divorced women may theoretically until remarriage use their ex-husband's arms differenced with a mascle . Widowed women normally display a lozenge-shaped shield impaled, unless they are heraldic heiresses, in which case they display

650-471: A social structure of cacicazgos ("chiefdoms") that prevailed until the arrival of the Spaniards . The Ilama economy was based on migratory agriculture using maize , yuca , and beans; hunting; fishing; textile manufacturing; and metallurgy. The chief or cacique was the head of the settlement and had chamanes ("spiritual leaders"), warriors, farmers, hunters, pottery men, and goldsmiths. By 100 AD,

700-647: A tus lares Bajo el techo fraterno al calor a medir con recuerdos de infancia De tus calles su ensueño y primor. Savia joven reserva en tus hijos La primicia de un tiempo mejor Cuando el brazo y la mente enlazados Cambia en alegre progreso su ardor. Con su impulso y aliento de gloria Como ave arrullante pusiste La bondad es blasòn de tu escudo Y con ella en la historia surgiste. 3°25′N 76°10′W  /  3.417°N 76.167°W  / 3.417; -76.167 Valle del Cauca Department Valle del Cauca , or Cauca Valley ( Spanish pronunciation: [ˈbaʎe ðel ˈkawka] ),

750-412: Is 1,070 meters above sea level and has an average temperature of 28 °C. Pradera's flag and official coat of arms were both created by journalist and former mayor of the city, Hernán Barona Sosa through an artistic collaboration with local teacher Belisario Gómez. In 1968 the council accepted the designs through agreement no. 019, and they were officially instated by the mayor through decree no. 060 of

800-515: Is a department in western Colombia abutting the Pacific Ocean . Its capital is Santiago de Cali . Other cities such as Buenaventura , Buga , Cartago , Palmira and Tuluá have great economical, political, social and cultural influence on the department's life. Valle del Cauca has the largest number of independent (i.e., nonmetropolitan) towns with over 100,000 inhabitants in the country, counting six within its borders. Buenaventura has

850-572: Is a shield that forms the main or focal element in an achievement of arms . The word can be used in two related senses. In the first sense, an escutcheon is the shield upon which a coat of arms is displayed. In the second sense, an escutcheon can itself be a charge within a coat of arms. Escutcheon shapes are derived from actual shields that were used by knights in combat, and thus are varied and developed by region and by era. Since shields have been regarded as military equipment appropriate for men only, British ladies customarily bear their arms upon

900-630: Is characterized by flat areas between mountains. The region has a variety of freshwater resources. Several rivers run through the region, including the Bolo river, the Parraga river, and the Vílela river. There are also 12 other streams, 4 lakes, and the "Nirvana" natural park located in the Arenillo district. The association of users of the Bolo river, "Asobolo", were granted the right to represent Colombia at

950-744: Is connected to Cali, Candelaria , and Pradera by highway. The municipality is outfitted with the typical infrastructure for public services in Colombia, as well as banks, stadiums, parks, and churches. Pradera has many schools and colleges, including the Institución Educativa Ateneo which has more than 1500 students, the Institución Educativa Alfredo Posada Correa , and the Institución Educativa Francisco Antonio Zea . The municipality of Pradera

1000-485: Is placed within or superimposed over the main shield of a coat of arms. In practice, the words inescutcheon and escutcheon are often used interchangeably. The current diplomatic emblem of France incorporates the pelta escutcheon, a wide form of shield (or gorget ) with a small animal head pointing inward at each end. This is Roman in origin; although not the shape of their classic shield, many brooches of this shape survive from antiquity. A form of pelta appears as

1050-762: Is represented by the governor , the legislative branch is represented by the department assembly and its deputies, and the judicial branch is represented by four department-wide court systems: the Superior Tribunal of Cali , the Penal Court of the Circuit of Cali , the Administrative Tribunal of Valle del Cauca , and the Superior Military Tribunal for military cases. Valle del Cauca has 42 municipalities, each with

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1100-664: The Age of Chivalry , at about the time of the Battle of Crecy (1346) and the founding of the Order of the Garter (1348). The shape is therefore used in armorials from this "classical age" of heraldry. Beginning in the 15th century, and even more throughout the early modern period , a great variety of escutcheon shapes develops. In the Tudor era the heraldic escutcheon became more square, taking

1150-520: The Casa del Virrey , "House of the Viceroy"), Roldanillo (location of the museum containing works by the artist Omar Rayo), Tuluá (located in the center of the department), Yumbo (an industrial center with more than 2,000 industries), Ginebra , Palmira , Buga , and Jamundí . The population of nonmetropolitan towns with over 100,000 inhabitants is as follows (capital in italics): The Cauca Valley

1200-582: The Cauca River . According to these, in 5000 BC these societies already had some level of primitive agriculture and cultivated maize . There is little information about the years between 3000 and 1500 BC. In 1500 BC the first agricultural–pottery society, the Ilama culture , appeared, extending along the Calima River (in what is now the towns of Restrepo and Darién ). Its society had

1250-426: The spandrels of the trussed timber roof of Lincoln's Inn Hall, London. The shape of the top, the sides and the base may be separately described, and these elements may be freely combined. The highly complex Baroque style shields of the 17th century come in many artistic variations. In English heraldry , the lozenge has been used by women since the 13th century for the display of their coats of arms instead of

1300-448: The 19th century, the town, then a small hamlet on the Bolo river was part of the municipality of Palmira . In 1860, it was proposed to designate the town as its own village, and several names were suggested, including Nazaret and Mosquera, the later in honor of Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera . In 1867, the town was officially named "Tierra de Prados" (English: Land of Meadows ) and it became locally known as Pradera. In December 1870, Pradera

1350-834: The Andean valley of the Cauca River, whose surrounding lands are the most fertile in the country; and the western ridge of the Cordillera Central. Valle del Cauca also administers Malpelo Island in the Pacific. Palynological analyses performed by experts have determined that during the Superior Pleistocene some 40,000–10,500 years ago, the valleys of El Dorado and Alto Calima had Andean forests and sub-Andean vegetation. The discovery of projectiles indicated that there were communities of hunter-gatherers at

1400-772: The Ilama had developed into the Yotoco , whom expanded the region of the Ilama further, down the Cauca River to the Pacific Ocean, and southward to the present-day region of Santiago de Cali (Cali) . The Yotoco were a highly stratified society, headed by caciques , who managed several settlements. They existed in the region until around 1200 AD. A rising population forced them to develop effective agricultural systems to meet food demand, which improved pottery and metalworking techniques. Yotoco agriculture — based on maize, yuca, beans, arracacha , and achiote , among other foods -

1450-505: The World meeting on waters and rivers in Kyoto for their work in the conservation of the bolo watershed. Pradera's borders are defined by the yellow flower creek (Spanish: Quebrada Flores Amarillas ) to the north, the Parraga river to the south and west, and the Andes range to the east. As of 2018, the municipality has a total area of 356.7 km and a population of 47,615. The city itself

1500-402: The department by Sebastián de Belalcázar . The production by the city of Yumbo also stands out, where several companies are found, most prominently the paper and cement businesses. The port at Buenaventura is Colombia's main port on the Pacific coast, allowing for the import and export of goods, and is of great importance for the economy of both the department and the country. More than 80% of

1550-1466: The department is sancocho de gallina , a stew made with an old hen, potatoes, yucca, corn, and other ingredients; the characteristic flavor comes from a herb called cimarrón or recao ( Eryngium foetidum ). [REDACTED]   Amazonas [REDACTED]   Antioquia [REDACTED]   Arauca [REDACTED]   Atlántico [REDACTED]   Bolívar [REDACTED]   Boyacá [REDACTED]   Caldas [REDACTED]   Caquetá [REDACTED]   Casanare [REDACTED]   Cauca [REDACTED]   Cesar [REDACTED]   Chocó [REDACTED]   Córdoba [REDACTED]   Cundinamarca [REDACTED]   Guainía [REDACTED]   Guaviare [REDACTED]   Huila [REDACTED]   La Guajira [REDACTED]   Magdalena [REDACTED]   Meta [REDACTED]   Nariño [REDACTED]   N. Santander [REDACTED]   Putumayo [REDACTED]   Quindío [REDACTED]   Risaralda [REDACTED]   San Andrés [REDACTED]   Santander [REDACTED]   Sucre [REDACTED]   Tolima [REDACTED]   Valle del Cauca [REDACTED]   Vaupés [REDACTED]   Vichada Capital district: [REDACTED]   Bogotá Escutcheon (heraldry) In heraldry , an escutcheon ( / ɪ ˈ s k ʌ tʃ ən / )

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1600-411: The east over the landmarks of the municipality: the parish church, the Bolo river, the palm trees of the park, and the mountainous landscape in background. The upper right quadrant displays a parchment scroll with two dates written on it: 1862 representing the initial settlement of the town, and 1867 when Pradera gained legal status as a municipality. Against a background of grey and yellow oblique stripes,

1650-549: The east, and Chocó and the Pacific Ocean to the west. The valley is geographically bounded by the Cordillera Central and Occidental and is watered by numerous rivers that empty into the Cauca River . The department is divided into four zones: the Pacific Fringe, which is humid and mostly jungle; the western mountain range, also humid and full of jungle, heavily deforested because of the paper industry;

1700-407: The economy revolves around the cultivation of sugar cane, green beans, and the raising of poultry. Pradera also has several shopping centers and a variety of small business producing handicrafts, industrial parts, and even silver nitrate. When the country's economy was opened and globalized in the 1990s, the region experienced economic difficulties as the agricultural sector was unstable. As a result,

1750-686: The end of the Pleistocene and the beginning of the Holocene . The extinction of the Pleistocenic megafauna in the beginning of the Holocene forced humans to adapt to their new environment, becoming hunter-gatherers. In the lower basin of the Calima River (Sauzalito River, El Recreo River, and El Pital River), archaeologists found the oldest traces of hunter-gatherers who inhabited the Valley of

1800-408: The escutcheon or shield, which are associated with warfare. In this case the lozenge is shown without crest or helm . For the practical purpose of categorisation the lozenge may be treated as a variety of heraldic escutcheon. Traditionally, very limited categories of women would have been able to display their own arms, for example a female monarch—who uses an escutcheon as a military commander, not

1850-673: The explorers founded the village of Villa de Ampudia , named after one of them, Juan de Ampudia . By orders of Belalcázar the village was then moved to the Riviera of the Cauca River, within the Gorrones indigenous people's territory. In 1536, a Captain Muñoz ordered the city to be moved to the Valley, where the Village of Cali was founded on 25 July of that same year. Another Spanish explorer, Juan de Vadillo  [ es ] , coming from

1900-401: The largest and busiest seaport in Colombia, moving about 8,500,000 tons of merchandise annually. The department of Valle del Cauca is located in the western part of the country, between 3° 5′ N and 5° 1′ N latitude and 75° 42′ W and 77° 33′ W longitude. It borders the departments of Risaralda and Quindío to the north, Cauca to the south, Tolima to

1950-975: The lower left quadrant depicts a sugar cane bush and two gears, representing the town's agriculture and commerce. The final quadrant in the lower right shows a hand carrying a torch, a symbol of freedom. Hernán Barona Sossa also authored the municipality's anthem: Himno de Pradera (English: Anthem of Pradera ). Donde rinde el trabajo creador En cosecha de óptimos frutos Una vida de Paz y de Amor En tu iglesia tu torre cristiana Puente esbelto tendido hacia Dios Guarda el místico son la campana Te circunda el río Bolo, apacible, Que humedece la espiga estival De los dones agrarios que lleva En su entraña el albor cereal. Muele el trapiche la entraña más dulce Del fruto que altivo tu suelo le afrenda La miel es el aire cargado de aromas El rubio herboso que expande su don. Tus mujeres altivas y bellas Son tesoro de raro valor, Madres, hijas, hermanas y esposas de tu cívico empuje son el motor. Añoramos volver

2000-504: The nearby cities of Cali and Palmira have attracted workers from Pradera and the town itself has suffered from low community participation and a loss of identity as many of its residents are forced to look elsewhere for employment. Several changes have been proposed to improve the current economic model, including a redistribution of municipal land distribution based on ecological regions as well as providing local governments with increased autonomy to develop their own interests. The region

2050-404: The population lives in cities or towns. The coverage of public services is among the highest in the country, with electrical power and education standing out the most. The capital of the department is Santiago de Cali , with approximately 2,800,000 inhabitants. It is made up of 42 municipalities, the most populous being, from north to south, Cartago (famous for its craftsmanship, embroidery, and

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2100-410: The region was inhabited by the late Sonso culture, Pichinde, Buga, and Quebrada Seca. Their development is attributed to population growth. Almost all the settlers in the area became subject to the rule of one main cacique . The first 67 Spanish explorers arrived in the area after founding the village of Popayán , in an expedition from Quito headed by Sebastián de Belalcázar . In the Valle del Cauca

2150-420: The same year. The blue of the flag symbolises infinite space, as the sky serves as a ceiling for Pradera. The emerald green stripe represents the meadow, green areas, fields that surround the town, its natural resources, and the hope of being better every day. The yellow symbolises power, light, wealth, and wisdom. The red represents the joy of its people, and their strength and honour. The coat of arms contains

2200-484: The second half of the 12th century still have the shape of the Norman kite shield used throughout the 11th and 12th centuries. By about the 1230s, shields used by heavy cavalry had become shorter and more triangular, now called heater shields . Transitional forms intermediate between kite and heater are seen in the late 12th to early 13th centuries. Transition to the heater was essentially complete by 1250. For example,

2250-402: The shape of an inverted Tudor arch . Continental European designs frequently use the various forms used in jousting, which incorporate "mouths" used as lance rests into the shields; such escutcheons are known as à bouche . The mouth is correctly shown on the dexter side only, as jousting pitches were designed for right-handed knights. Heraldic examples of English shields à bouche can be seen in

2300-407: The shield of William II Longespée (d. 1250) shown with his effigy at Salisbury Cathedral is triangular, while the shield shown on the effigy of his father William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury (d. 1226) is still of a more elongated form. The shield on the enamel monument to Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou (d. 1151) is of almost full-body length. The heater was used in warfare during the apogee of

2350-644: The village of Cartagena de Indias , entered Cali on 23 December 1538 with a second group of explorers, but he returned to Cartagena, leaving many of his men behind including Pedro Cieza de León . A third group of explorers, led by Admiral Jorge Robledo under orders of Lorenzo de Aldana  [ es ] , advanced to the North of the Valle del Cauca and founded the villages of Anserma (now part of Caldas Department ; 15 August 1539), Cartago (9 August 1540), and Antioquia (25 November 1541), and under command of Pascual de Andagoya who came from Panama to Cali with

2400-551: Was designated as its own municipality led by a commissioner or sheriff. In 1871, the first official distillery opened in the municipality, and by 1917 the first automobile arrived. In 1925, the first railroad was constructed by the company Ferrocarril del Pacífico and in 1929 the first 90 kW power plant was installed. Today, Pradera celebrates a variety of festivals: The Feria del Dulce is celebrated in October with verbenas , cavalcades and different events; In February it hosts

2450-490: Was historically a place dedicated to cattle and agricultural activities. For this reason, the region has not developed an artistic and European-influenced architectural style, as the relative near city of Popayán , located in the department of Cauca ; instead, the department generates simple and pragmatic constructions, with a few exceptions. The material of the colonial constructions was basically of wood and bricks, with some use of stones. The food most closely associated with

2500-491: Was more diverse than that of the Ilama. The Yotoco experienced a decline beginning in the 6th century AD. This archeological period is called the Late Period and is divided into Late Period I (6th to 13th centuries) and Late Period II (14th to 16th centuries). In Late Period I the Valle del Cauca region was inhabited by the early Sonso culture , Bolo, Sachamate, and La Llanada. During Late Period II

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