89-864: (Redirected from Pratap ) [REDACTED] Look up sa:प्रतापसिंह in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Pratap Singh , Partap Singh , Pratab Singh , Partab Singh , Pratapsingh , or Partapsingh may refer to (in chronological order): Maharana Pratap , Pratap Singh I of Mewar (1540–1597), Rajasthan Pratap Singh of Thanjavur (died 1763), King of Thanjavur Maratha kingdom from 1739–1763 Pratap Singh II (1724–1753), Maharana of Mewar, India, 1751–1754 Pratap Singh Shah (1751-1777), king of Nepal Pratap Singh of Jaipur (1764–1803), ruler of Jaipur 1778–1803 Pratap Singh, Raja of Satara (1793–1847), Nominal King of Maratha Empire, Satara - 1808–1839 Pratap Singh (Sikh prince) (1831–1843), heir apparent of
178-491: A Mansabdar . Pratap soon started to prepare for a big battle. He retired from his fortress until Chittor was recaptured, forbade the use of silver and gold in the kingdom, and forbade sowing of crops to prevent Mughal forces from acquiring supplies from his own land. The big battle came in the form of the Battle of Haldighati with Akbar sending Man Singh against the forces of Mewar headed by Pratap. Pratap first attacked on
267-556: A princely state in the nineteenth century. The earliest kingdom was centered around the south-central part of Rajasthan , state of India. It was bordered by the Aravali Range to the northwest, Ajmer to the north, Gujarat , Vagad and Malwa regions to the south and the Hadoti region to the east. Mewar first gained prominence in the reign of Bappa Rawal (7th century A.D) who along with many powers of that time defeated
356-530: A character in the 11th-century Indian story collection Shringara-manjari-katha [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about people with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pratap_Singh&oldid=1241974144 " Category : Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
445-590: A hunting accident, at Chavand on 19 January 1597, aged 56. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Amar Singh I . On his death bed, Pratap told his son never to submit to the Mughals and to win Chittor back. It is said that even Akbar was shocked to hear the news of Maharana Pratap's death. Dursa Arha , the court poet of Akbar , is said to have eulogised Maharana Pratap in the Mughal court. Maharana Pratap
534-428: A large part of Mewar. The citizens who had migrated out of Mewar started returning during this time. There was good monsoon which helped to revive the agriculture of Mewar. The economy also started getting better and trade in the area started increasing. The Rana was able to capture the territories around Chittor but could not fulfill his dream of capturing Chittor itself. Reportedly, Pratap died of injuries sustained in
623-603: A number of envoys, including one by Raja Man Singh I of Amer , entreating him to become a vassal like many other rulers in Rajputana . When Pratap refused to personally submit to Akbar and several attempts to diplomatically settle the issue failed, war became inevitable. The forces of Pratap Singh and Mughal and Rajput general Man Singh met on 18 June 1576 beyond a narrow mountain pass at Haldighati near Gogunda , modern day Rajsamand in Rajasthan . This came to be known as
712-455: A part of the battlements of the fort of that place. Shams Khan accepted the terms.Rana Kumbha marched with a large army to Nagaur, defeated Mujahid, who fled towards Gujarat, and placed Shams Khan on the throne of Nagaur, and demanded of him the fulfillment of the condition. But Shams Khan humbly prayed to the Maharana to spare the fort, for otherwise his nobles would kill him after the Maharana
801-511: A replacement to his prior holdings in Malwa. In 1518, Ibrahim Lodhi ascended to the throne of Delhi. He engaged with Sanga in two major battles when he realized Sanga had been encroaching on land in the Sultanate. The sultan was defeated at Khatoli and Dholpur ; as a result, Sanga was able to capture the entire North-East Rajputana up to Chanderi . This defeat was a humiliating setback for
890-513: A serious reverse despite the numerical superiority because of the use of Gunpowder by the Mughals. He was wounded in battle and was removed in an unconscious state by Prithviraj Kachwaha of Amber and Maldeo Rathore of Marwar. His generals eventually poisoned him for not leaving a desire to defeat Babur after being defeated in Khanwa. After Sangram's death, his son Ratan Singh II was placed on
979-498: A significant weakening of Pratap's power, forcing him to retreat to his hilly abode. Maharana Pratap's court at Chavand had given shelter to many poets, artists, writers and artisans. The Chavand school of art was developed during the reign of Rana Pratap. He also had renowned artists like Nasiruddin in his court. Mughal pressure on Mewar relaxed after 1579 following rebellions in Bengal and Bihar and Mirza Hakim's incursion into
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#17327908583981068-630: A sustained campaign against the Rana in September 1576, and soon, Gogunda , Udaipur , and Kumbhalgarh were all under Mughal control. Shahbaz Khan Kamboh led multiple invasions that resulted in the subjugation of key areas in Mewar , such as Kumbhalgarh , Mandalgarh , Gogunda , and Central Mewar , bringing them permanently under Mughal rule. The Mughal Empire established its supremacy in Mewar after Shahbaz Khan's invasions. This ultimately led to
1157-519: Is a prominent figure in both folk and contemporary Rajasthani culture and is viewed as a folk hero and celebrated warrior in that state , as well as in India as a whole. Historian Satish Chandra notes – "Rana Pratap's defiance of the mighty Mughal empire, almost alone and unaided by the other Rajput states, constitute a glorious saga of Rajput valour and the spirit of self sacrifice for cherished principles. Rana Pratap's methods of guerrilla warfare
1246-487: Is about 600 ft. MSL. This geographic condition of the Kingdom virtually becomes a physically created stronghold. Therefore, it has enjoyed freedom for a pretty long time, and its rulers, managed to resist even the imperial powers, for several years, The region's geography is also suitable for Guerrilla warfare . Mentioned above boundaries continued for much of kingdom's existence. Expect the period from 1326 to 1533 when
1335-467: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Maharana Pratap Pratap Singh I ( c. 9 May 1540 – 19 January 1597), popularly known as Maharana Pratap ( IPA: [məɦaːˈɾaːɳaː pɾəˈtaːp] ), was king of the Kingdom of Mewar , in north-western India in the present-day state of Rajasthan , from 1572 until his death in 1597. He
1424-623: Is notable for leading the Rajput resistance against the expansionist policy of the Mughal Emperor Akbar including the Battle of Haldighati and the Battle of Dewair . Maharana Pratap was born to Udai Singh II of Mewar and Jaiwanta Bai in 1540, the year in which Udai Singh ascended to the throne after defeating Vanvir Singh . His younger brothers were Shakti Singh , Vikram Singh and Jagmal Singh. Pratap also had two stepsisters: Chand Kanwar and Man Kanwar. His chief consort
1513-401: The Battle of Haldighati . Pratap Singh fielded a force of around 3000 cavalry and 400 Bhil archers. Man Singh commanded an army numbering around 10,000 men. After a fierce battle lasting more than three hours, Pratap found himself wounded and the day lost. He managed to retreat to the hills and lived to fight another day. The Mughals were victorious and inflicted significant casualties among
1602-488: The Battle of Khanwa with the Mughals. Despite this, it continued to resist Mughal Expansion under Maharana Udai Singh II and Maharana Pratap . After Pratap's death, a constant struggle ensued between Mughals and Pratap's son Rana Amar Singh I which eventually led to a peace treaty through which Mewar became a vassal to the Mughals. Even during this brief period of vassalization, Rana Raj Singh I and his successors revolted and led numerous successful campaigns including
1691-650: The Delhi Sultanate . However, this came to an end, When in 1303 Delhi Sultanate's forces under Sultan Alauddin Khalji , besieged and occupied Chittorgarh , killing most of the branch of the Guhila dynasty. Later, Maharana Hammir , a scion of the cadet Sisodiya dynasty (junior branch of Guhilas) re-occupied Mewar in 1326. However, a firm hold was established when an invading army of the Delhi Sultanate
1780-692: The Parliament of India . Kingdom of Mewar The Kingdom of Mewar was an independent kingdom that existed in the Rajputana region of the Indian subcontinent and later became a major power in medieval India . The kingdom was initially founded and ruled by the Guhila dynasty followed by the Sisodiya Dynasty. The kingdom came to be known as the Udaipur State after it became
1869-577: The Punjab . After this Akbar sent Jagannath Kachhwaha to invade Mewar in 1584. This time too Mewar army defeated Mughals and forced them to retreat. In 1585, Akbar moved to Lahore and remained there for the next twelve years watching the situation in the north-west. No major Mughal expedition was sent to Mewar during this period. Taking advantage of the situation, Pratap recovered some of Mughal occupied areas of Mewar and captured thirty-six Mughal outposts. Udaipur, Mohi, Gogunda, Mandal and Pandwara were some of
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#17327908583981958-633: The Rathore rebellion and Rajput Rebellion (1708–1710) against the Mughal emperor, ultimately resulting in a victory for Mewar along with greater autonomy and power. The kingdom afterward came under the Maratha influence and started paying Chauth. The kingdom accepted British suzerainty in 1818 and it continued till 1947, after which Bhupal Singh signed the Instrument of Accession to India and joined
2047-573: The Vijay Stambha (described variously as the jewel of Rajput art in India), which is also compared to Roman and Islamic architecture of Trajan's Column and Qutub Minar. Udaipur , also known as the city of lakes and one of the largest cities of the North India was also founded by the Rana of Mewar, Udai Singh II . Mewar was bounded by the Aravali Range to the northwest, Ajmer to
2136-466: The battle of Mandalgarh and Banas but every time he was defeated. Rana Kumbha started the conquest of Nagore due the harsh treatment of Hindus there. Shams Khan son of suptan of Nagore fled to Maharana Kumbha for shelter and help. Rana Kumbha who had long designs on Nagaur, gladly embraced this opportunity of carrying them out, and agreed to place Shams Khan on the throne of Nagaur on the condition that he acknowledged Rana Kumbha's supremacy by demolishing
2225-885: The 11th century and by the Chahamanas in the 12th century. Guhila ruler Samantsingh established another branch of Guhilas in Vagad and also fought alongside the defeated Prithviraja III of Ajmer in Second Battle of Tarain against Muizzuddin Muhammad Ghuri . Through the 13th century, the Guhilas started getting more powerful and became independent of the Chahamana rule. It had to resist multiple invasions by Turkic invaders. Eventually, in 1303 Sultan of Delhi, Alauddin Khalji invaded Mewar, besieged Chittor. In
2314-592: The 1660s, Aurangzeb ordered demolitions of several important Hindu temples, Raj Singh made several efforts to secure safety of Hindu Symbols. Famous symbols rescued include the Shrinathji installed in Nathawada in Udaipur in 1662. In 1679, when Jaziya was imposed on non-Muslims in the Mughal empire, Raj Singh possibly protested against Aurangzeb by writing him a letter. Such events further spoiled relations with
2403-531: The Arab powers trying to occupy the Indian Subcontinent . Later, the kingdom became a vassal to Imperial Pratihars then to the Kingdom of Malwa and Chauhans . The Kingdom transformed into an independent state in the early 10th century A.D. and was continuously engaged in many wars against the neighboring polities. From the reign of Rawal Jaitra , Mewar was also facing the continuous expansion of
2492-525: The Battle of Haldighati. The Siege of Chittorgarh in 1567-1568 had led to the loss of the fertile eastern belt of Mewar to the Mughals . However, the rest of the wooded and hilly kingdom in the Aravalli range was still under the control of Maharana Pratap. Mughal Emperor Akbar was intent on securing a stable route to Gujarat through Mewar; when Pratap Singh was crowned king (Maharana) in 1572, Akbar sent
2581-603: The Chittor fort, going against the Mughal-Mewar treaty of 1615. Maharana had constructed walls around the fort and had reduced the contingent size given to the Mughals. Maharana then sent a diplomatic mission to the Mughals to settle the issue. But eventually Shah Jahan ordered his son Aurangzeb and grandson Mahmud to invade Chittor and demolish the new wall in 1654. Eventually Shah Jahan withdrew Mughal forces and letters of settlement and assurances were exchanged. In 1658,
2670-531: The Maharana and the final attempt in 1615 succeeded when Amar Singh agreed to meet with Prince Khurram. In February 1615, Khurram and Amar Singh met in Gogundah. Tributes were exchanged between the Maharana and the Prince. Following terms were accepted by both the parties. Throughout the rest of his life, Amar spent time in Udaipur, making administrative reforms to his kingdom and restoring it. He died in 1620 at
2759-547: The Maharana which is still stored in Pratap Museum. When Jahangir died in 1627, Khurram passed through Mewar and met with Karan again. Khurram was crowned the Mughal emperor as Shah Jahan . Karan died 2 months later. After Karan's death, his son Jagat succeeded him in 1628. He was sent a robe of honor by Shah Jahan. Jagat invaded Dungarpur because it enlisted itself in the Mughal Mansabdari system . In
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2848-540: The Mewar kingdom to bigger heights than before. Mughal Mewar relations worsened further when in 1660, Raj Singh eloped with Charumati , who was going to be married to Aurangzeb. This was seen as a hostile act and several territories were confiscated from Mewar. Attempts were made to stop this confiscation but were ultimately failed. He later also participated in Rajput War (1679–1707) and defeated Mughals . When in
2937-456: The Mughal and Marathas, the Kingdom decreased in size, and as of 1941, the area of the state was 14,000 square kilometers. With the treaty of Accession to India, the area of Mewar was merged with the Rajasthan. Less is known about the origins of the Kingdom of Mewar. It was originally ruled by the Guhila dynasty . Guhadatta is considered the first ruler of the kingdom in the 7th century. In
3026-414: The Mughal army and turned the battle in their favour. The Mewari soldiers starting deserting in large numbers, finding the day lost and eventually Pratap was injured and had to leave the battlefield. A Jhala chieftain called Man Singh took the Rana's place and donned some of his royal emblems by which the Mughals mistook him for the Rana. Man Singh Jhala was eventually killed, however his act of bravery gave
3115-531: The Mughal emperor. During this period, Maharana continued to raid and loot adjacent territories. During the 1670s, Aurangzeb was engaging with his rivals, the Rathores. In 1679, Raj granted 12 villages to Ajit Singh Rathore . Aurangzeb begged Raj to remain loyal to him and not support Ajit, but this was not heeded by Raj Singh. Aurangzeb sent multiple of his generals to fight with the Rana but Raj Singh defeated all of them and then Aurangzeb himself came down to
3204-413: The Mughal war of succession was going on and Raj Singh took an advantage and invaded the Mughals and successfully loot and plunder in adjacent areas. Throughout the war, Raj Singh remained neutral among the fighting brothers but he disliked Dara Shikoh and liked Aurangzeb . He maintained contact and good relations with Prince Aurangzeb and sent his emissaries when Aurangzeb won the war of succession. After
3293-909: The Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Vishwanath Pratap Singh (1931-2008), Indian prime minister from 1989 to 1990 Pratapsingh Rane (born 1939), Indian politician Partap Singh Bajwa (born 1957), Indian politician Pratap Singh (Madhya Pradesh politician) (born 1961) Pratap Singh (referee) (born 1971), Indian football referee Pratap Singh (cricketer) (born 1993), Indian cricketer See also [ edit ] All pages with titles containing Pratap Singh All pages with titles containing Pratapsingh All pages with titles beginning with Pratap Singh All pages with titles beginning with Pratapsingh All pages with titles containing Partap Singh All pages with titles beginning with Partap Singh Pratapa-simha,
3382-521: The Rana enough time to safely retreat. Next year in 1577, Akbar's forces under Shahbaz Khan attacked the fort of Kumbhalgarh, one of the most important forts for the Rajputs. During the fierce siege, Pratap had to leave the fort to his generals who defended it till April 1578 and lost to the Mughals after a heavy fight. After the fall of Kumbhalgarh, Pratap was chased by Shahbaz khan for several years, trying to capture him but he escaped multiple times. It
3471-799: The Sikh Empire Pratap Singh of Idar (1845–1922), Maharaja of Idar, India, 1902–1911 Pratap Singh of Jammu and Kashmir (1848–1925), Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir Pratap Singh Giani (1855-1920), Sikh academic Pratap Singh of Kapurthala (1871–1911), Punjabi politician and scholar Partap Singh Kairon (1901-1965), Chief Minister of Panjab Partap Singh (1904–1984), Sikh priest and Jathedar of Akal Takht Pratap Singh Rao Gaekwad (1908-1968), Maharaja of Baroda Pratap Singh (Shimla) (1912-1975), Indian politician Pratap Singh Nabha (1919–1995), Maharaja of Nabha, India, 1928–1995 Pratap Singh (Rajasthan politician) (in office 1951-1956), member of
3560-633: The Sultan of Gujrat "despairing of reducing Chitor" arrived near Abu and sent his Commander-in-Chief, Malik Shaaban Imad-ul-Mulk, with a large army, to take the fort of Abu, and himself marched upon the fortress of Kumbhalgarh. Kumbha, aware of this plan, came out, attacked and "defeated Imad-ul-Mulk with great slaughter," and He by forced marched Kumbhalgarh before the Sultan arrived there. He also conquered regions of Abu and Sirohi . After getting repeatedly defeated by Kumbha Sultans of Gujrat, Malwa and Nagor prepared to take joint actions against Mewar and divide
3649-724: The Sultana. The same year, Ibrahim Lodhi tried to attack the Rana but failed again. It is around this time that Sanga's power is at its zenith. He had thoroughly defeated Gujarat and Delhi, largely captured Malwa, and allied with the remaining parts of Rajputana. In 1526, Babur invaded, defeated and killed Ibrahim Lodhi . Thus, the foundation of the Mughal Empire is from the Lodhi Empire's remains. After successful skirmishes and defeating Mughal forces in Bayana , Sanga suffered
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3738-456: The Sultanate of Gujarat after a furious exchange with him. In the ensuing campaign, the Rana not only completely captured Idar, but also raided Ahmadabad and returned with massive wealth looted. After looting Ahmadnagar, the Sultan of Malwa and Gujarat mobilized heavily in 1521 against the Rana, who joined forces with the entire Rajputana. In the end, the heavy mobilization was of no use, and Sanga could use his brilliant diplomatic skills to scare
3827-556: The Sultanate of Malwa under the Sultan Mahmud Khilji II, too much power landed in the hands of Medini Rai which upset a lot of Muslim nobles. Eventually, Mahmud himself asked for help from the Sultan of Gujarat to get rid of Medini Rai. The war started as the two sultans besieged Mandu where Rai's son died. Sanga supported Medini Rai and in turn attacked and captured Gagron where he appointed Medini Rai to govern as
3916-613: The Union of India. Mewar's legacy lies in its prolonged struggle against the Islamic invasion. The kingdom is witness to three Jauhars (Self-Immolation). It is also known for producing kings of high caliber such as Bappa Rawal , Khuman II, Rawal Jaitra , Maharana Hammir , Maharana Kumbha , Maharana Sanga , Maharana Pratap , Maharana Amar Singh , Maharana Raj Singh and Maharana Fateh Singh along with queens such as Padmavati and Karnavati and scholars such as Mirabai . Shivaji ,
4005-466: The age of 60. Karan succeeded his father Amar in 1620. He reformed his kingdom and repaired several temples including the Ranakpur Jain temple damaged by Mughal commanders. Karan also helped prince Khurram and gave him refuge when he had rebelled against his father in 1623. Karan also supported Mahabat Khan, who rebelled against Jahangir. Khurram stayed for 4 months and exchanged turbans with
4094-482: The army to approach Nagaur, when he came out, and after a severe engagement, inflicted a crushing defeat on the Gujarat Sultanate army, annihilating it. Only remnants of it reached Ahmedabad , to carry the news of the disaster to the Sultan. The Sultan now took the field in person, determined to wrest Nagor back from the Maharana. The Maharana advanced to meet him and came to Mount Abu. In S. 1513 (A.D. 1456)
4183-488: The battleground. On the suggestion of his war council, Raj depopulated Udaipur and abandoned the city. In January 1680, Mughals reached Udaipur and damaged the city heavily. A major force of Mughals under Hasan Ali Khan was defeated at Nainwara. Finding it difficult to defeat Rajputs in hilly tracks, Aurangzeb left Udaipur in 1680. Raj Singh carried out sudden raids on Mughal and Malwa forces keeping them terrified. Such raids often created heavy disruption in Mughal forces. At
4272-720: The borders of Mewar by this period extended from near Mandu (the capital of Malwa Sultanate ), in the south to Peela Khal (Pilya Khal), a small rivulet near Bayana and Agra , in the north-east, and deep into the desert country (stretching towards the river Indus ) west and north-west of Mewar. The princes of Marwar and Amber did Mewar homage, and the Raos of Gwalior , Ajmer , Sikri , Raisen , Kalpi , Chanderi , Boondi , Gagron , Rampoora , and Abu , served as tributaries. It controlled parts of Sindh , Haryana , Rajasthan , Gujarat , Madhya Pradesh , and Uttar Pradesh . However, due to dynastic strife and continuous struggles against
4361-553: The capital of Chawand. The Mughals continued to chase the Maharana for several years but no one was able to capture the Rana. After this, in 1613, Jahangir himself came to Rajputana to supervise the campaign. His son Khurram led the campaign on the ground. Rajputs were easily able to seek refuge in the hilly tracks of Rajputana and the Mughals largely failed to penetrate it. They were finally able to penetrate it in 1614 when they engaged with Mewar forces and established outposts. Many attempts were made by Jahangir to make settlements with
4450-516: The center wing of the army which forced Mughals to retreat. Mewar army was also able to break the left and right wing of the Mughal Army. It was appearing that Mewar would win but slowly Mewari army started getting exhausted and Mihtar Khan on the Mughal side started beating the kettle-drums and spread a rumour about the arrival of the Emperor's army reinforcements, which raised the morale of
4539-526: The constructors of these sabats with arrows and cannonballs but eventually the sabats' construction was complete. Explosives were set on these sabats for breaching the sturdy Chittor walls and explosions were able to break some walls but the Rajputs quickly filled those cavities. The explosions killed hundreds of Mughal soldiers and threw rocks miles away and was heard in towns very distant. Several other sabats were built in front of other walls. These explosions disheartened many Mughal soldiers and Akbar himself but
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#17327908583984628-599: The country. The Guhilas from the 8th century acknowledged the suzerainty of the Gurjara-Pratiharas . In the 10th century, Bharttripatta II became an independent ruler and broke ties with the Pratihara empire and assumed the title Maharajadhiraja . His successor Allata killed Devapala, the ruler of the Gurjara Pratihara at that time. The Guhilas was controlled by the Kingdom of Malwa in
4717-650: The destruction of its chief stronghold Berahtgarth on the ruins of which he founded Badnore . It was in his time that the tin and silver mines of Jawar were discovered. With the revenues thus augmented he rebuilt the palaces and temples destroyed by Ala-ud-din, excavated reservoirs and lakes, raised immense ramparts to dam their waters, and constructed a number of forts. He defeated the Sankhlas Rajputs of Nagarchal (present day- Jhunjhunu - Singhana -Nurbana) and merged it with his domain. He died fighting in Gaya to secure
4806-479: The early 8th century, it came under the sub ordinance of the regional Mori rulers. The kingdom under Bappa Rawal acquired control of Chittor in 728 after taking it away from its Mori overlords. Nagda was the capital of Mewar around this period. Bappa Rawal defeated an early Arab Caliphate invasion of India through a confederation with Gurjar-Pratihara ruler Nagabhata I . Bappa Rawals successors, namely Khuman II would continue to resist Arab incursions into
4895-469: The forces of Mewar but failed to capture Maharana Pratap. Haldighati was a futile victory for the Mughals, as they were unable to kill or capture Pratap, or any of his close family members in Udaipur . While the sources also claim that Pratap was able to make a successful escape, Man Singh managed to conquer Gogunda within a week after Haldighati then ended his campaign. Subsequently, Akbar himself led
4984-520: The fort of Mandu, following the victory Rana Kumbha laid siege to the fort of Mandu and captured the sultan, who was later freed. Rana captured the areas of Gagron, Ranthambore Sarangpur, Durganpur, Banswara and Raisen from the Malwa Sultanate. He also annexed region of Hadoti . Due to the growing power of Ranmal, Rana had Ranmal assassinated and Rana Kumbha captured Marwar too. In coming years Sultan made several attempts to revenge his defeats in
5073-491: The fortification of Nagaur and thus carried out his long-cherished design. With the conquest of Nagore areas of Janglaudesha and Sapdalpaksha also came under him. Shams Khan fled to Ahmedabad , taking with him his daughter, whom he married to Sultan Qutb-ud-din Ahmad Shah II . The Sultan thereupon espoused his cause and sent a large army under Rai Ram Chandra and Malik Gadday to take back Nagaur. Rana Kumbha allowed
5162-463: The great Maratha also claimed to be descended from the Sisodiya clan. The Kingdom of Mewar, although a Hindu state, patronized Jainism and Buddhism . Among the Mewar's, Rajasthan Heritage Sites are Kumbhalgarh , Acchalgarh , Chittorgarh , Nagda-Ahar , Ranakpur Temple , Pichola Lake , Rajsamand Lake , Jaisamand Lake , Lake Palace , Sahasra Bahu Temples , Kirti Stambha and, most notably
5251-459: The important areas that were recaptured from this conflict. According to the 1588 inscription near Jahazpur , the Rana gave the lands of Pander to a trusted follower called Sadulnath Trivedi. G.N. Sharma claims that the Pander inscription is proof that the Rana had occupied north-eastern Mewar and was granting lands to those who had been loyal to him. From 1585 till his death, the Rana had recovered
5340-471: The internal turmoil caused due to changes in the ruling dynasty captured the fort of Jilwara, and made his base at the mountainous stronghold of Kelwara. Hammir also occupied the narrow mountain defile connecting the regions of Mewar and Marwar through which he could harass the Muslims in either Mewar or Marwar at his will. He further solidified his position by capturing Sirohi and Idar. He in later years
5429-437: The invasion was cut short by his death. After Akbar, his son Salim succeeded as Jahangir and sent a large force under his son Parviz to invade Mewar. To defend against Parviz, Amar built a new capital at Chawand, a hilly location in Mewar. Then preparations were made to defend against the Mughals. In 1606, in the Battle of Diwair, Mughals were badly defeated. During this time, Amar' son Sagar defected from Rajputs to Mughals and
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#17327908583985518-416: The king. As one of the assassins of Mokal, Mahpa Panwar, was sheltered by the Sultan of Mandu, a demand for his person was made by the Maharana, but Mahmud Khilji refused to surrender the refugee. The Maharana prepared for hostilities and advanced to attack Mandu. The Sultan advanced with a powerful army to meet Kumbha. After a severe engagement the sultan's army was defeated and sultan was forced to fled to
5607-643: The line of the Sisodia Rajputs . He was crowned in Gogunda on the auspicious day of Holi . Jagmal swore revenge and left for Ajmer , to join the armies of Emperor Akbar . He was given the town of Jahazpur as a Jagir as a gift in return for his help. Pratap Singh, gained distinction for his refusal to form any political alliance with the Mughal Empire and his resistance to Mughal domination. The conflicts between Pratap Singh and Akbar led to
5696-553: The monsoon months, comprising annual as well as perennial species. The ecological study of the plant-vegetation of the hilly tracts of this area has not been done fully so far. The center tract of the state is plains, watered by the river Banas and its tributaries. These are open and highly cultivated areas having no forests. The soil of this area is generally black and light looms supporting crops like cotton , maize , sugarcane , wheat , barley , etc. Both Kharif and Rabi crops can be cultivated here. The average height of these plains
5785-496: The new sultan as he lost much territory to an internal conflict in his empire. In the Battle of Khatoli, a sword injured Sanga's arm, and his leg was injured by an arrow, making him lame. In 1518 Mahmud Khilji II collected another massive army and invaded Mewar through Gagron. In the ensuing battle, the Maharana won decisively; he took Khilji captive, appointed a physician to care for Khilji, and later escorted him back to his kingdom to Mandu. In 1520, Sangram decided to attack Idar and
5874-407: The north, Gujarat , Vagad , and Malwa regions to the south, and the Hadoti region to the east. The region is home to many mountainous hills and passes embracing the wildest ridges and elevated plateaus, with rivers like Banas , Som , and Sabarmati . The region has forests too, covering mostly hilly tracts, which fall under the category of dry deciduous forests. This cover is fairly dense during
5963-409: The pilgrimage tax on Hindus. Maharana Mokal Lakha's son Mokal Singh became the Rana at a very young age, so his mother Hansa Bai acted as a regent for him. Mokal's brother Chunda left the fort because of conflicts between him and Hansa bai. During Mokal's rule, the kingdom was invaded by Sultan of Nagaur but the Sultan was driven away. It was also invaded twice by Ahmad Shah of Gujarat, who
6052-412: The resulting war, Dungarpur lost and its ruler was killed. He get the famous Jag Mandir constructed during his reign. Jagat Singh died after a 24 year long reign and was succeeded by his son Raj . Towards the end of Jagat's reign, Mughal-Mewar relations had been strained. Shah Jahan sent a robe of honor for Raj Singh as well but the relations could not be restored. Raj continued making restorations to
6141-404: The rulers for decades in the past and were very strong. He was advised by his generals to make adequate arrangements for defence and then retire to the hilly areas of Chittor, which he heeded. Akbar laid siege to the fort of Chittor and started making direct attacks. When these attacks failed to do any damage, he ordered construction of sabats (approach trenches). The Rajput defenses showered
6230-482: The siege kept going. While fighting, Jaimal Rathore, the commander of Mewari forces was shot dead by Akbar, soon after which the doors of Chittor were breached and Rajput soldiers fought to death. Women of the fort committed Jauhar . Soon the fort was taken over and Akbar commanded a slaughter of around 30,000 inhabitants of the fort. Udai Singh II died 4 years later in 1572. Udai wanted his second son Jagmal to succeed him, but after his death, his eldest son, Pratap
6319-473: The siege, Rana Lakhan with his seven sons died in the battle and the women committed Jauhar . Although, Ajay Singh survived the disaster who later brought up Hammir. Following the invasion by Alauddin Khalji in 1303, the entire family branch was killed. In 1326, Hammir Singh , who was the descendant of Rahapa, son of Ranasimha , tried to regain the control of the kingdom. However, his initial attempts proved abortive but not ineffective as Khizr Khan(One of
6408-640: The sons of Allaudin) who was in charge of the Chittorgarh was forced to move to Ajmer and then to Delhi. In his stead, Maldev Songara belonging to the Chauhan clan of Rajputs was given the vassalage of Mewar. He was successful in governing Mewar and repelling the attacks of Hammir. Meanwhile, the Khalji dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate was replaced by the Tuglaq Dynasty . Hammir taking advantage of
6497-588: The spoils. Sultan of Gujrat move towards Kumbalgarh but was defeated there. Nagor was also defeated. Sultan of Malwa took Mewar territories up to Ajmer but after seeing defeats of sultans of Gujrat and Nagor allowed Rana Kumbha to recapture his lost territories. He came to power by defeating his patricide predecessor, Udai Singh I in battles at Jawar , Darimpur and Pangarh. Early in Raimal's reign, Ghiyas Shah of Malwa attacked Chittor unsuccessfully. Soon after, Ghiyas Shah's general, Zafar Khan attacked Mewar and
6586-503: The throne by the generals. Mahmud Khilji, whom Sangram badly defeated, tried to cash the opportunity of a week Rana and invaded but was badly defeated and was also defeated in a counterattack. In 1531, he was killed in battle. His brother Rana Vikramaditya succeeded him at a young age, and was unpopular. During his reign, Mewar was invaded by Bahadur Shah of Gujarat . His cousin Vanvir Singh Kelwa assassinated Mewar, usurped
6675-456: The throne in 1534, and kept it for six years. Vanvir also attempted to kill Vikramaditya's brother Udai . However, Udai's nurse Panna Dhai placed her son in Udai's bed, getting him killed and saving the heir to the throne. In 1540, an older Udai took over Chittor and let Vanvir walk away. He became Udai Singh II . Early into his reign, Maldev Rathore unsuccessfully invaded Mewar. In 1557, he
6764-606: The war of succession, Raj Singh was able to win the favor of Aurangzeb and was awarded territories of Mandal and Bansawara and he was granted ranks. In 1658, Raj Singh embarked on his own expeditions using pretence of a ceremonial "Tikadaur", traditionally taken in enemy land. The Maharana swooped down on various Mughal posts in 1658. Levies were imposed on outposts and tracts like Mandal , Banera, Shahpura , Sawar, Jahazpur , Phulia etc. which were then under Mughal control, and some areas were annexed. He next attacked pargana of Malpura , Tonk , Chatsu, Lalsot and Sambhar . He expanded
6853-641: The whole of the Chappan to Mewar. Kshetra defeated the Rao Ranmal of Idar and captured Idar. He also measured swords against the Dilawar Khan Ghori of the Malwa Sultanate, defeating him when he invaded Mewar. Kshetra again defeated Dilwar when Mewari forces raided Malwa Sultanate. Maharana Lakha Rana Kshetra was succeeded by his son Lakha who was one of the greatest rulers of his time. He expanded Mewar by conquering Merwara from Mers and
6942-418: Was Ajabde Bai Punwar of Bijolia . Their eldest son was Amar Singh I . He belonged to the royal family of Mewar . After the death of Udai Singh in 1572, Rani Dheer Bai Bhatiyani wanted her son Jagmal to succeed him but senior courtiers preferred Pratap, as the eldest son , to be their king. The desire of the nobles prevailed and Pratap ascended the throne as Maharana Pratap, the 54th ruler of Mewar in
7031-416: Was able to capture all important forts in Mewar except Chittorgarh and Mandalgarh which remained under his reign for the rest of his life. He died in 1597. Pratap's 38-year-old son Amar succeeded him. In 1600, his kingdom was invaded by Akbar's son Salim in which Mughals were defeated and their top generals like Sultan Khan Ghori were killed. Akbar tried to make another attempt to invade Mewar in 1605 but
7120-604: Was able to recapture Mewar and capital Chittorgarh by defeating the Songara Banvir(son of Maldev) and the Imperial forces of the Delhi Sultanate. He again defeated the Imperial detachments sent against him by the Delhi Sultanate at the Battle of Singoli . Rana Kshetra Singh, who ruled Mewar from 1364 to 1382, was the son and successor of the celebrated Rana Hammir. He greatly enlarged the kingdom. He captured Ajmer and Jahazpur , re-annexed Mandalgarh , Mandsor , and
7209-407: Was appointed at Chittor by Jahangir. In 1608, a massive army under Mahabat Khan was sent to Mewar through Mandal and Chittor. This army was badly defeated and had to retreat because of continuous raids by Rajput forces. In 1609, Mahabat Khan was replaced with Abdullah Khan who was able to defeat Mewar in several battles from 1609 to 1611. In an attack by Abdullah Khan, Amar Singh was forced to abandon
7298-411: Was defeated at Mandalgarh and Khairabad. By marrying Sringardevi (daughter of Rao Jodha ), Raimal ended the conflict with the Rathores. During Raimal's reign, Godwar, Toda and Ajmer were captured by his son Prithviraj . Raimal also strengthened the state of Mewar and repaired the temple of Eklingji in Chittor. After his father's death, Sangram Singh ascended on the throne in 1509. Around 1517, in
7387-615: Was defeated by a joint invasion by Haji Khan and Maldeo Rathore in the Battle of Haramada. He is most known for establishing the city of Udaipur . The city was designed with the use of gunpowder by Persian invaders in India. He settled people in the city and constructed forts as well. During his reign, Akbar , Babur 's grandson, made great efforts to get the Maharana to accept his suzerainty by sending emissaries and envoys. When Udai Singh rejected all offers, Akbar considered invading Mewar. Udai Singh had faith in his forts as they had defended
7476-407: Was driven out once. Mokal annexed the areas of Ajmer and sambhar from the Sultan of Delhi. He also conquered jalore. Mokal was assassinated by his uncles Chacha and Mera. After his father's assassination, Rana Kumbha ascended to the throne in 1433. He first dealt with this father's assassins and killed them. by the support of King of Marwar Rao Ranmal Rathore whom his father had helped to become
7565-451: Was enthroned by the generals. The order of damage inflicted by Mughal forces in 1568 to Chittor meant that Pratap was not willing to make any concessions to Akbar. He saw Mughals as invaders who were resisted by his father and grandfather. Within 1 year, diplomatic missions by top Mughal officials like Man Singh , Bhagwant Das , Todar Mal failed to convince Pratap to accept Mughal dominance, appear in Mughal court, pay tribute and enlist as
7654-455: Was gone. He promised to demolish the battlements himself later on. The Maharana granted this prayer and returned to Mewar. No sooner, however, had Rana Kumbha reached Kumbalgarh when he got the news that Shams Khan instead of demolishing, began to strengthen the fortification of Nagaur. This brought Kumbha on the scene again with a large army. Shams Khan was driven out of Nagaur, which passed into Kumbha's possession. The Maharana now demolished
7743-535: Was later elaborated further by Malik Ambar , the Deccani general, and by Shivaji ". Bandyopadhyay also seconds Satish Chandra's view with the observation that Pratap's successful defiance of Mughals using guerrilla strategy also proved inspirational to figures ranging from Shivaji to anti-British revolutionaries in Bengal. In 2007, a statue of Maharana Pratap was unveiled by former President Pratibha Patil in
7832-406: Was later through his general Bhamashah 's help, that he was able to replenish his army. After a few years preparations, Prataps son prince Amar was able to defeat Mughal Commander Sultan Ghori at the Battle of Dewair in 1582 and Kumbhalgarh was taken by Pratap from Abdullah Khan in 1583. Over the next few years, Akbars pursuit for Pratap loosened and he started focusing on his own empire. Pratap
7921-774: Was repulsed at the Battle of Singoli (1336) . The kingdom in coming years became the most powerful state in the Northern India most notably under Maharana Kumbha and his grandson Maharana Sanga . As it gained a streak of successes against the Islamic Sultanates of Malwa , Gujarat and Delhi , particularly in Mewar- Malwa Conflict . It also successfully fought off and vassalized neighboring Hindu Kingdoms. At its peak, it controlled parts of Sindh , Haryana , Rajasthan , Gujarat , Madhya Pradesh , and Uttar Pradesh . The kingdom declined after
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