53-500: Pratteln ( Swiss German : Brattele ) is a municipality in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland , located in the district of Liestal . Pratteln is first mentioned around 1102-03 as Bratello . Pratteln has an area, as of 2009, of 10.69 square kilometers (4.13 sq mi). Of this area, 2.95 km (1.14 sq mi) or 27.6% is used for agricultural purposes, while 3 km (1.2 sq mi) or 28.1%
106-582: A -) might weaken its doubling capacity. The presence of this separable prefix also makes the boundaries between the reduced infinitival reduplication form and the prefix hard if not impossible to determine. Thus, in the example above for afaa , an argument could be made that the prefix a- is left off, while the full reduplicated form is used: Mier We fanged start- 1PL jetzt now afa start ässe eat- INF Mier fanged jetzt afa ässe We start-1PL now start eat-INF We're starting to eat now. / We start eating now. In this case,
159-536: A Swiss German speaker, when shown on television in Germany, will require subtitles. Although Swiss German is the native language in the German-speaking part of Switzerland, Swiss school students are taught Swiss Standard German from the age of six. They are thus capable of understanding, writing and speaking Standard German, with varying abilities. Unlike most regional languages in modern Europe, Swiss German
212-1200: A distinction is made between the German-speaking people living in Valais, the Walliser , and those who have migrated, the Walsers . The latter can mainly be found in Grisons and Ticino in Switzerland, Vorarlberg in Austria, south of the Monte Rosa mountain chain in Italy (e.g. in Issime in Valle d'Aosta ), South Tyrol in northern Italy, and the Allgäu in Bavaria). Generally, the Walser communities were situated on higher alpine regions, so were able to stay independent of
265-431: A distinction of quantity. Aspirated [pʰ, tʰ, kʰ] have secondarily developed by combinations of prefixes with word-initial /h/ or by borrowings from other languages (mainly Standard German): /ˈphaltə/ 'keep' (standard German behalten [bəˈhaltn̩] ); /ˈtheː/ 'tea' (standard German Tee [ˈtʰeː] ); /ˈkhalt/ 'salary' (standard German Gehalt [ɡəˈhalt] ). In the dialects of Basel and Chur, aspirated /kʰ/
318-506: A few cantonal and municipal ones), in the main news broadcast or in the presence of non- Alemannic speakers. This situation has been called a "medial diglossia ", since the spoken language is mainly Swiss German, whereas the written language is mainly (the Swiss variety of) Standard German . In 2014, about 87% of the people living in the German-speaking portion of Switzerland were using Swiss German in their everyday lives. Swiss German
371-563: A private car. From the 2000 census, 4,319 or 29.0% were Roman Catholic , while 5,202 or 34.9% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church . Of the rest of the population, there were 607 members of an Orthodox church (or about 4.07% of the population), there were 52 individuals (or about 0.35% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church , and there were 279 individuals (or about 1.87% of
424-528: A resolution of individual villages. Speaking the dialect is an important part of regional, cantonal and national identities. In the more urban areas of the Swiss plateau , regional differences are fading due to increasing mobility and to a growing population of non-Alemannic background. Despite the varied dialects, the Swiss can still understand one another, but may particularly have trouble understanding Walliser dialects. Most Swiss German dialects have completed
477-538: A total of 6,554 households that answered this question, 34.5% were households made up of just one person and 29 were adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 1,874 married couples without children, 1,870 married couples with children There were 361 single parents with a child or children. There were 72 households that were made up unrelated people and 87 households that were made some sort of institution or another collective housing. In 2000 there were 1,410 single family homes (or 60.7% of
530-546: Is 2,000 people or 13.1% of the population are between 65 and 79 years old and there are 670 people or 4.4% who are over 80. As of 2000, there were 5,737 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 7,531 married individuals, 792 widows or widowers and 844 individuals who are divorced. As of 2000, there were 6,467 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.2 persons per household. There were 2,261 households that consist of only one person and 350 households with five or more people. Out of
583-712: Is a music genre using the language; many Swiss rock bands, however, sing in English instead. The Swiss Amish of Adams County, Indiana , and their daughter settlements also use a form of Swiss German. Swiss German is a regional or political umbrella term , not a linguistic unity. For all Swiss-German dialects, there are idioms spoken outside Switzerland that are more closely related to them than to some other Swiss-German dialects. The main linguistic divisions within Swiss German are those of Low , High and Highest Alemannic, and mutual intelligibility across those groups
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#1732790865926636-574: Is almost fully seamless, despite some differences in vocabulary. Low Alemannic is only spoken in the northernmost parts of Switzerland, in Basel and around Lake Constance . High Alemannic is spoken in most of the Swiss Plateau , and is divided into an eastern and a western group. Highest Alemannic is spoken in the Alps . One can separate each dialect into numerous local subdialects, sometimes down to
689-533: Is also present in native words, corresponding to the affricate /kx/ of the other dialects, which does not occur in Basel or Chur. Swiss German keeps the fortis–lenis opposition at the end of words. There can be minimal pairs such as graad [ɡ̊raːd̥] 'straight' and Graat [ɡ̊raːt] ' arête ' or bis [b̥ɪz̥] 'be ( imp. )' and Biss [b̥ɪs] 'bite'. That distinguishes Swiss German and Swiss Standard German from German Standard German , which neutralizes
742-663: Is any of the Alemannic dialects spoken in the German-speaking part of Switzerland , and in some Alpine communities in Northern Italy bordering Switzerland. Occasionally, the Alemannic dialects spoken in other countries are grouped together with Swiss German as well, especially the dialects of Liechtenstein and Austrian Vorarlberg , which are closely associated to Switzerland's. Linguistically, Alemannic
795-425: Is as consistent as Icelandic in that respect. The grammar of Swiss dialects has some idiosyncratic features in comparison to Standard German: In Swiss German, a small number of verbs reduplicate in a reduced infinitival form, i.e. unstressed shorter form, when used in their finite form governing the infinitive of another verb. The reduced and reduplicated part of the verb in question is normally put in front of
848-458: Is being reintroduced because of the influence of other Swiss German dialects. Like Bavarian dialects, Swiss German dialects have preserved the opening diphthongs of Middle High German : /iə̯, uə̯, yə̯/ : in /liə̯b̥/ 'lovely' (standard German lieb but pronounced /liːp/ ); /huə̯t/ 'hat' (standard German Hut /huːt/ ); /xyə̯l/ 'cool' (Standard German kühl /kyːl/ ). Some diphthongs have become unrounded in several dialects. In
901-745: Is designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites . In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 30.83% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (28.54%), the FDP (15.63%) and the Green Party (13.89%). In the federal election, a total of 3,612 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 44.8%. As of 2007, Pratteln had an unemployment rate of 3.57%. As of 2005, there were 87 people employed in
954-499: Is divided into Low , High and Highest Alemannic , varieties all of which are spoken both inside and outside Switzerland. The only exception within German-speaking Switzerland is the municipality of Samnaun , where a Bavarian dialect is spoken. The reason Swiss German dialects constitute a special group is their almost unrestricted use as a spoken language in practically all situations of daily life, whereas
1007-490: Is forested. Of the rest of the land, 4.61 km (1.78 sq mi) or 43.1% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.1 km (25 acres) or 0.9% is either rivers or lakes and 0.04 km (9.9 acres) or 0.4% is unproductive land. Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 10.8% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 14.9% and transportation infrastructure made up 11.7%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 2.9% of
1060-474: Is intelligible to speakers of other Alemannic dialects, but largely unintelligible to speakers of Standard German who lack adequate prior exposure. This is also a challenge for French- or Italian-speaking Swiss who learn Standard German at school. In the rare cases that Swiss German is heard on TV in Germany and Austria, the speaker is most likely to be dubbed or subtitled. More commonly, a Swiss speaker will speak Standard German on non-Swiss media. "Dialect rock"
1113-531: Is located in the Liestal district. The old, star-shaped village is located at the foot of Mt. Adlerberg. It has expanded down into the Rhine valley, with a new settlement and industrial development. The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Or, an Eagle displayed Sable fesswise, langued, beaked and membered Gules, bordered Sable. Pratteln has a population (as of June 2021) of 16,621. As of 2008, 36.4% of
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#17327908659261166-540: Is more often on the first syllable than in Standard German, even in French loans like [ˈmɛrsːi] or [ˈmersːi] 'thanks' (despite stress falling on the final syllable in French ). However, there are many different stress patterns, even within dialects. Bernese German has many words that are stressed on the first syllable: [ˈkaz̥inɔ] 'casino' while Standard German has [kʰaˈziːno] . However, no Swiss German dialect
1219-544: Is the everyday spoken language for the majority of the population, in all social strata, from urban centers to the countryside. Using Swiss German conveys neither social nor educational inferiority and is done with pride. There are a few settings where speaking Standard German is demanded or polite, e.g., in education (but not during breaks in school lessons, where the teachers will speak with students in Swiss German), in multilingual parliaments (the federal parliaments and
1272-537: The High German consonant shift . Unlike Standard German , which has only shifted t to [t͡s] or [s] and p to [p͡f] or [f] , they have also shifted k to [k͡x] or [x] . The dialects of Chur and Basel are exceptions to this. Basel German is a Low Alemannic dialect (mostly spoken in Germany near the Swiss border), and Chur German is basically High Alemannic without initial [x] or [k͡x] . Examples: The High German consonant shift occurred between
1325-410: The primary economic sector and about 21 businesses involved in this sector. 2,901 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 146 businesses in this sector. 5,991 people were employed in the tertiary sector , with 543 businesses in this sector. There were 7,708 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 43.7% of the workforce. In 2008
1378-734: The syllable coda and intervocalic /lː/ are pronounced as a [w] or [wː] respectively. A labiodental approximant [ʋ] is used instead of the Northern Standard German fricative [v] as the reflex of Middle High German /w/ . In Walser German, the fricative is used instead. Most Swiss German dialects have rounded front vowels, unlike other High German dialects. Only in Low Alemannic dialects of northwestern Switzerland (mainly Basel) and in Walliser dialects have rounded front vowels been unrounded. In Basel, rounding
1431-519: The 4th and 9th centuries south of the Benrath line , separating High German from Low German (where high refers to areas of greater altitude). It combines Upper German and Central German varieties - also referring to their geographical locations. The Walser migration, which took place in the 12th and 13th centuries, spread varieties from upper Valais to the east and south, into Grisons and to modern western Austria and northern Italy. Informally,
1484-457: The Alemannic n - apocope , which has led to the loss of final -n in words such as Garte 'garden' (standard German Garten ) or mache 'to make' (standard German machen ). In some Highest Alemannic dialects, the n -apocope has also been effective in consonant clusters, for instance in Hore 'horn' (High Alemannic Horn ) or däiche 'to think' (High Alemannic dänke ). Only
1537-716: The Highest Alemannic dialects of the Lötschental and of the Haslital have preserved the - n . The phoneme /r/ is pronounced as an alveolar trill [r] in many dialects, but some dialects, especially in the Northeast or in the Basel region, have a uvular trill [ʀ] , and other allophones resulting in fricatives and an approximant as [ ʁ ʁ̥ ʁ̞ ] like in many German varieties of Germany. In many varieties of Bernese German and adjacent dialects, an /l/ at
1590-462: The IPA diacritic for voicelessness as /b̥ d̥ ɡ̊ v̥ z̥ ɣ̊ ʒ̊/ . Swiss German /p, t, k/ are not aspirated. Nonetheless, there is an opposition of consonant pairs such as [t] and [d] or [p] and [b] . Traditionally, it has been described as a distinction of fortis and lenis in the original sense, that is, distinguished by articulatory strength or tenseness . Alternatively, it has been claimed to be
1643-893: The Zürich dialect, short pronunciations of / i y u / are realized as [ ɪ ʏ ʊ ]. Sounds like the monophthong [ɒ] can frequently become unrounded to [ɑ] among many speakers of the Zürich dialect. Vowels such as a centralized [ a ] and an open-mid [ ɔ ] only occur in the Bernese dialect. Like in Low German , most Swiss German dialects have preserved the old West-Germanic monophthongs /iː, uː, yː/ : /pfiːl/ 'arrow' (Standard German Pfeil /pfaɪ̯l/ ); /b̥uːx/ 'belly' (Standard German Bauch /baʊ̯x/ ); /z̥yːlə/ 'pillar' (Standard German Säule /zɔʏ̯lə/ ). A few Alpine dialects show diphthongization, like in Standard German, especially some dialects of Unterwalden and Schanfigg (Graubünden) and
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1696-404: The area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 2.9%. Out of the forested land, 25.9% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.2% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 13.8% is used for growing crops and 10.5% is pastures, while 3.4% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. The municipality
1749-860: The dialect of Issime (Piedmont). Some Western Swiss German dialects like Bernese German have preserved the old diphthongs /ei̯, ou̯/ , but the other dialects have /ai̯, au̯/ like Standard German or /æi̯, æu̯/ . Zürich German , and some other dialects distinguish primary diphthongs from secondary ones that arose in hiatus : Zürich German /ai̯, au̯/ from Middle High German /ei̯, ou̯/ versus Zürich German /ei̯, ou̯/ from Middle High German /iː, uː/ ; Zürich German /bai̯, frau̯/ 'leg, woman' from Middle High German bein , vrouwe versus Zürich German /frei̯, bou̯/ 'free, building' from Middle High German frī , būw . In many Swiss German dialects, consonant length and vowel length are independent from each other, unlike other modern Germanic languages. Here are examples from Bernese German: Lexical stress
1802-487: The fortis–lenis opposition at the ends of words. The phenomenon is usually called final-obstruent devoicing even though, in the case of German, phonetic voice may not be involved. Unlike Standard German, Swiss German /x/ does not have the allophone [ç] but is typically [x] , with allophones [ʁ̥ – χ] . The typical Swiss shibboleth features this sound: Chuchichäschtli ('kitchen cupboard'), pronounced [ˈχuχːiˌχæʃtli] . Most Swiss German dialects have gone through
1855-399: The infinitive of the second verb. This is the case for the motion verbs gaa 'to go' and choo 'to come' when used in the meaning of 'go (to) do something', 'come (to) do something', as well as the verbs laa 'to let' and in certain dialects afaa 'to start, to begin' when used in the meaning of 'let do something', or 'start doing something'. Most affected by this phenomenon is
1908-414: The municipality and 5,136 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 1.8 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. About 20.4% of the workforce coming into Pratteln are coming from outside Switzerland, while 0.1% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work. Of the working population, 28.1% used public transportation to get to work, and 37.7% used
1961-736: The municipality. Pratteln is home to the Gemeindebibliothek Pratteln (municipal library of Pratteln). The municipality is located on the A3 motorway . Pratteln sits on the Bözberg and Hauenstein lines and is served by the Basel S-Bahn at Pratteln and Pratteln Salina Raurica . Swiss German Swiss German ( Standard German : Schweizerdeutsch , Alemannic German : Schwiizerdütsch, Schwyzerdütsch, Schwiizertüütsch, Schwizertitsch Mundart , and others)
2014-418: The municipality. The most common apartment size was 3 rooms of which there were 2,404. There were 307 single room apartments and 1,298 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 6,349 apartments (91.9% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 374 apartments (5.4%) were seasonally occupied and 187 apartments (2.7%) were empty. As of 2007, the construction rate of new housing units
2067-604: The non-Swiss population increased by 55 people. This represents a population growth rate of 0.9%. The age distribution, as of 2010, in Pratteln is; 985 children or 6.5% of the population are between 0 and 6 years old and 1,945 teenagers or 12.8% are between 7 and 19. Of the adult population, 2,099 people or 13.8% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 2,104 people or 13.8% are between 30 and 39, 2,317 people or 15.2% are between 40 and 49, and 3,118 people or 20.5% are between 50 and 64. The senior population distribution
2120-415: The population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of -0.8%. Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (11,408 or 76.5%), with Italian being second most common (1,071 or 7.2%) and Turkish being third (581 or 3.9%). There are 184 people who speak French and 17 people who speak Romansh . As of 2008, the gender distribution of
2173-419: The population of Swiss citizens decreased by 12 while the foreign population increased by 56. There was 1 Swiss man and 1 Swiss woman who emigrated from Switzerland. At the same time, there were 66 non-Swiss men and 66 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 76 and
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2226-669: The population was 49.7% male and 50.3% female. The population was made up of 9,604 Swiss citizens (63.0% of the population), and 5,634 non-Swiss residents (37.0%) Of the population in the municipality 4,018 or about 27.0% were born in Pratteln and lived there in 2000. There were 1,857 or 12.5% who were born in the same canton, while 3,695 or 24.8% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 4,827 or 32.4% were born outside of Switzerland. In 2008 there were 85 live births to Swiss citizens and 69 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 97 deaths of Swiss citizens and 13 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration,
2279-548: The population) did not answer the question. In Pratteln about 5,160 or (34.6%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education , and 1,407 or (9.4%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule ). Of the 1,407 who completed tertiary schooling, 59.6% were Swiss men, 20.9% were Swiss women, 12.6% were non-Swiss men and 6.9% were non-Swiss women. As of 2000, there were 358 students in Pratteln who came from another municipality, while 452 residents attended schools outside
2332-468: The population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 5 individuals (or about 0.03% of the population) who were Jewish , and 1,691 (or about 11.35% of the population) who were Islamic . There were 43 individuals who were Buddhist , 47 individuals who were Hindu and 14 individuals who belonged to another church. 2,016 (or about 13.53% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist , and 629 individuals (or about 4.22% of
2385-414: The reduplicated part. Between laa and afaa , these effects are weakest in afaa . This means that while reduplication is mandatory for laa in declarative main clauses almost everywhere in the country, this is the case for fewer varieties of Swiss German with afaa . The reason for this is unknown, but it has been hypothesized that the fact that afaa has a separable prefix (
2438-537: The ruling forces of those days, who did not or were not able to oversee them all the time in these hostile environments. Hence the Walsers were pioneers of the liberation from serfdom and feudalism . In addition, Walser villages are easily distinguishable from Grisonian ones, as Walser houses are made of wood rather than stone. Like most other Southern German dialects, Swiss German dialects have no voiced obstruents . The voiceless lenis obstruents are often marked with
2491-448: The same, where such doubling effects are not found as outlined in the examples. Reduplication effects are weaker in the verbs laa 'to let' and afaa 'to start, to begin' than they are in gaa 'to go' and choo 'to come'. This means that afaa is most likely to be used without its reduplicated and reduced form while retaining grammaticality, whereas utterances with goo are least likely to remain grammatical without
2544-480: The tertiary sector; 1,884 or 31.3% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 1,780 or 29.5% were in the movement and storage of goods, 322 or 5.3% were in a hotel or restaurant, 197 or 3.3% were in the information industry, 81 or 1.3% were the insurance or financial industry, 653 or 10.8% were technical professionals or scientists, 221 or 3.7% were in education and 376 or 6.2% were in health care. In 2000, there were 9,477 workers who commuted into
2597-412: The total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 9,236. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 36, of which 28 were in agriculture and 8 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 3,175, of which 1,984 or (62.5%) were in manufacturing, 102 or (3.2%) were in mining and 970 (30.6%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 6,025. In
2650-498: The total) out of a total of 2,322 inhabited buildings. There were 580 multi-family buildings (25.0%), along with 197 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (8.5%) and 135 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (5.8%). Of the single family homes 143 were built before 1919, while 161 were built between 1990 and 2000. The greatest number of single family homes (268) were built between 1919 and 1945. In 2000 there were 6,910 apartments in
2703-423: The use of the Alemannic dialects in other countries is restricted or even endangered. The dialects that comprise Swiss German must not be confused with Swiss Standard German , the variety of Standard German used in Switzerland. Swiss Standard German is fully understandable to all speakers of Standard German, while many people in Germany – especially in the north – do not understand Swiss German. An interview with
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#17327908659262756-430: The verb gaa , followed by choo . Both laa and afaa are less affected and only when used in present tense declarative main clauses . Declarative sentence examples: As the examples show, all verbs are reduplicated with a reduced infinitival form when used in a declarative main clause. This is especially interesting as it stands in contrast to the standard variety of German and other varieties of
2809-435: Was 2.6 new units per 1000 residents. As of 2000 the average price to rent a two-room apartment was about 765.00 CHF (US$ 610, £340, €490), a three-room apartment was about 881.00 CHF (US$ 700, £400, €560) and a four-room apartment cost an average of 1118.00 CHF (US$ 890, £500, €720). The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2008, was 0.6%. The historical population is given in the following chart: The entire village of Pratteln
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