The Basilica of San Domenico is one of the major churches in Bologna , Italy. The remains of Saint Dominic , founder of the Order of Preachers ( Dominicans ), are buried inside the exquisite shrine Arca di San Domenico , made by Nicola Pisano and his workshop, Arnolfo di Cambio and with later additions by Niccolò dell'Arca and the young Michelangelo .
140-467: Predigerkirche is one of the four main churches of the old town of Zürich , Switzerland, besides Fraumünster , Grossmünster and St. Peter . First built in 1231 AD as a Romanesque church of the then Dominican Predigerkloster , the Basilica was converted in the first half of the 14th century, the choir between 1308 and 1350 rebuilt, and a for that time unusual high bell tower was built, regarded as
280-636: A Class object . In 2004, traces of a previously unknown pre-Roman Celtic ( La Tène culture ) settlement were discovered, the center of which lay on the Lindenhof hill respectively the area around the Münsterhof square besides the Limmat . The Celtic Helvetians had a settlement when they were succeeded by the Romans , who established a custom station here for goods going to and coming from Italy. At
420-428: A Gothic architecture construction. At the same time, the two easternmost arcades in the nave were replaced by a bigger pair of bow, to make room for a rood screen, and a wooden vault instead of the flat ceiling covering the nave. The towering Gothic choir shows that the "mendicant" had abandoned all restraint in relation to the architecture of their churches. The construction of the choir begun soon after 1325. First,
560-413: A princess of the empire , but power rapidly passed from her to the council which she had originally named to look after police, but which came to be elected by the burghers , though the abbess was still the lady of Zurich. This council (all powerful since 1304) was made up of the representatives of certain knightly and rich mercantile families (the patricians ), who excluded the craftsmen from all share in
700-604: A carved tree trunk during a construction project at the Kern school complex in March 2017 in Aussersihl. Archaeologists revealed that she was approximately 40 years old when she died and likely carried out little physical labor when she was alive. A sheepskin coat, a belt chain, a fancy wool dress, a scarf and a pendant made of glass and amber beads were also discovered with the woman. The Roman Vicus Turicum first belonged to
840-726: A club at Stäfa and claimed the restoration of the liberties of 1489 and 1531, a movement which was put down by force of arms in 1795. The old system of government perished in Zurich, as elsewhere in Switzerland, with the French invasion in the spring of 1798, and under the Helvetic constitution the country districts obtained political liberty. Zurich lost much of its power in the Helvetic Republic , with territory lost to
980-550: A copy (1921) of St Dominic blessing Bologna by Lucia Casalini-Torelli (1677–1762). On the left side of the façade is the Lodovico Ghisilardi chapel in Renaissance style . It was built as an example of Vitruvian classicism by the architect Baldassarre Peruzzi around 1530. The church consists of a central nave , two lateral aisles, several side chapels, a transept , a choir and an apse . The interior
1120-579: A desperate attempt to seize the Habsburg town of Winterthur . After that Zurich began to display strong Austrian leanings, which characterize much of its later history. In 1315 the men of Zurich fought against the Swiss Confederates at the Battle of Morgarten . The Codex Manesse , a major source of medieval German poetry, was written and illustrated in the early 14th century in Zurich. Among
1260-470: A distinct tendency becomes observable in the town government to limit power to the actual holders. Thus the country districts were consulted for the last time in 1620 and 1640; and a similar breach of the charters of 1489 and 1531 (by which the consent of these districts was required for the conclusion of important alliances, war and peace, and might be asked for as to other matters) occasioned disturbances in 1777. The council of 200 came to be largely chosen by
1400-705: A failed counter coup of Brun's opposition under the son of Johann I (Habsburg-Laufenburg) , Johann II. Unlike the Franciscan and the Augustinian orders, the Dominicans in Zürich pleaded to the Pope, another opponent of the political situation in Zürich, and therefore, the convent was forced to leave the city for several years. His exile led to Winterthur and Kaiserstuhl and finally to Rapperswil , those counts were
1540-587: A great stir throughout Switzerland. But when in 1845 the Radicals regained power at Zurich, which was again the Federal capital for 1845–46, that town took the lead in opposing the Sonderbund cantons. It of course voted in favor of the Federal constitutions of 1848 and of 1874, while the cantonal constitution of 1869 was remarkably advanced for the time. The enormous immigration from the country districts into
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#17327976612271680-471: A medieval city. It was now the center of the separate county of Zürichgau , detached from the older county of Thurgau . The early city was dominated by the Fraumünster convent. In 1045, King Henry III granted the convent the right to hold markets, collect tolls, and mint coins, and thus effectively made the abbess the ruler of the city. The Frankish kings had special rights over their tenants, were
1820-459: A member of the Dominican convent in Zürich . The inscription "Hie est sepultus frater Heinricus de Ruchenstein" is 70 centimetres (27.6 in) long, and the letters are alternating 9 centimetres (3.5 in) and 8 centimetres (3.1 in) in height. Particularly noteworthy are the stem tubers with majuscule T and I of the early Gothic font type. The font differs sharply from the type of
1960-656: A pupil of Giovanni Pisano . Now only the statue of St Peter the Martyr still exists and is on display in the City Museum. The present high altar was made by Alfonso Torreggiani (died 1764). In the middle of the golden altar-piece at the back of the apse, is the Adoration of the Magi by Bartolomeo Cesi , flanked by paintings (on its left side) of Saint Nicholas of Bari and (on its right side) of Saint Dominic . Below
2100-436: A ramp. The church was consecrated by Pope Innocent IV on 17 October 1251. On this occasion the crucifix by Giunta Pisano was shown for the first time to the faithful. The church was enlarged and the two sections were modified in many ways in the course of the next centuries. New side chapels were built, the majority in the 15th century. A Roman-Gothic bell tower was added in 1313 (recently restored). The dividing wall between
2240-680: A second one, built in 1886 by James Conacher in Huddersfield in northern England, probably in spring 2015. The church organ is owned by the Kirchgemeinde Predigern , and used by the Kantorei zu Predigern . The "Mittagsmusik im Predigerchor" concert series is administrated and partially published by the Musikabteilung . On the north side of the choir building, above the vault shell, the 14th century entrance door to
2380-584: A small committee of the members of the guilds actually sitting in the council by the constitution of 1713 it consisted of 50 members of the Little Council (named for a fixed term by the Great Council), 18 members named by the Constafel, and 144 selected by the 12 guilds, these 162 (forming the majority) being co-opted for life by those members of the two councils who belonged to the gild to which
2520-608: A southern policy, traces of which are seen as early as 1331 in an attack on the Valle Leventina and in 1478, when Zurich men were in the van at the fight of Giornico , won by a handful of Confederates over 12,000 Milanese troops. In 1400 the town obtained from the King Wenceslaus the Reichsvogtei, which carried with it complete immunity from the empire and the right of criminal jurisdiction. As early as 1393
2660-492: A wide collection of precious reliquaries , chalices and monstrances . A small selection : The square-shaped convent next door is also worth visiting for its cloisters (14th, 15th and 16th centuries) with various tombstones and memorial tablets in its walls. The convent was confiscated by the state in 1866 and served as a military hospital during WWII. The gradual recovery of the premises made it possible to transfer young religious who were preparing for religious life to
2800-591: Is sandstone from the Buechberg or Bollingen area on Obersee lake share. The backside is not processed, above a seven-petaled flower without hickeys is engraved, the length of each blade is 16 centimetres (6.3 in). Ruchenstein or Galgenen called himself a ministeriality of the House of Rapperswil , mentioned with Rudolf and Ulrich von Galgenen to 1229. Brother Heinrieh von Galgenen (von Ruchenstein) "Frater ordinis predicatorum domus Turicensis " appears as
2940-562: Is a legendary account of an Alamannic duke Uotila residing on, and giving his name to, the Uetliberg . Zurich was part of Frankish -ruled Alemannia from 746, following the blood court at Cannstatt , lying in the Turgowe ( Thurgau ) dominated by Konstanz . A Carolingian castle, built on the site of the now ruined Roman castle by the grandson of Charlemagne , Louis the German ,
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#17327976612273080-403: Is attached with metal bands, which are vertically inserted into the oak basement and into 35 centimetres (13.78 in) horizontal flat iron passes. The bell bearing is remarkable, as the bell's axis protruding from the ridge, unrolling on the hammer-shaped head, and the rolling distance when ringing the bell is only about 7 centimetres (2.76 in). To produce the transverse force connections to
3220-433: Is covered with copper tiles, the gables are covered with a wooden structure, so the 5.2 metres (17.1 ft) high spire weighs just 95 kilograms (209 lb). Renovations of the church tower were made in 1920, 1931, 1957, and 1993, which were traditionally documented inside the tower ball . In 1965−1967 the nave was restored, and the original west facade of the church building largely rebuilt and renovated. At that time
3360-587: Is mentioned in 835 ( "in castro Turicino iuxta fluvium Lindemaci" ). Louis also founded the Fraumünster abbey on 21 July 853 for his daughter Hildegard. He endowed the Benedictine convent with the lands of Zurich, Uri , and the Albis forest, and granted the convent immunity, placing it under his direct authority. In the wake of this, during the 9th century, Zurich gradually acquired the characteristics of
3500-763: Is the Miracle of the Bread by Vincenzo Spisanelli . Constructed for the Dominican friars to use during their Conventual Mass and the Liturgy of the Hours , the 102 wooden choir stalls are an exquisite example of Renaissance carving by the friar Damiano da Bergamo . (1528–1530). Between 1541 and 1549 they were inlaid with intaglia by the same artist, using a series of drawings from a book by Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola , and carved by his brother Stefano da Bergamo. The work
3640-518: The Burghölzli sanatory was built. On occasion of the renovation, the still preserved northern transept arm of the Romanesque church was demolished and three new tracery windows were inserted in the so far windowless exempted choir. The convent buildings were sold in 1873 to the city of Zurich, which used it to house destitute citizens. In 1877/79 the western façade of the church was rebuilt, on
3780-1049: The Aargau , the Thurgau and the Canton of Linth . In 1799, the city became even a battlefield of the French Revolutionary Wars of the Second Coalition , at the First Battle of Zurich in June and the Second Battle of Zurich in September. Gottfried Keller became an intellectual influence on the Radical " free-thinking " side in the formation of Switzerland as a federal state . The environs of Zurich are famous in military history on account of
3920-657: The Burgundy Wars under Hans Waldmann . From 1468 to 1519, Zurich was the Vorort of the Federal Diet . This thirst for territorial aggrandizement brought about the first civil war in the Confederation (the "Old Zurich War," 1436-50), in which, at the Battle of St. Jakob an der Sihl (1443), under the walls of Zurich, the men of Zurich were completely beaten and their burgomaster Stissi slain. The purchase of
4060-459: The Cistercians . The first Predigerkirche in Zürich also shows that the "Preachers" in this early period were no more a poor itinerant order, which had built small churches for their own needs, the needs of just monks. At the time the Zürich church was built, it was the largest church in the city. Probably after a fire, the Romanesque choir was replaced in the first half of the 14th century by
4200-551: The Fraumünster Abbey , supported the peaceful introduction of the reformation in Zurich. An important source for Zurich under Heinrich Bullinger is the Wickiana , a collection of curious documents from 1560 to 1587. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the patriciate and council of Zurich adopted an increasingly aristocratic and isolationist attitude. A sign of this was the second ring of impressive city ramparts
4340-523: The Israelitische Cultusgemeinde Zürich was founded. Jews had begun to re-settle in Zurich over the course of the 19th century, following 400 years of exclusion. The Quaianlagen and Quaibrücke are important milestones in the development of the modern city of Zurich, as by the construction of the new lake front, Zurich was transformed from the medieval small town on the Limmat and Sihl to an attractive modern city on
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4480-417: The Kirchgemeinde Predigern parish. In the 1960s it has been renovated, and re-opened in 1967. As of today Predigern is used as the "open town church with Ecumenical profile", in fact built as a parish church, but as a place of encounter and of the church community from the inner city, as well as of the suburban region. According to the building-historical research of the years 1990/96, the first church of
4620-474: The Late Gothic cathedral towers of Grossmünster and Fraumünster. With its height of 96 metres (315 ft), it overtowers them by over 30 metres (98 ft). Like the most present brownstone buildings in Zürich, it consists of a granitic sandstone of the lower freshwater molasse . The sandstone facade details and the four gables above the masonry were inspired by the choir of the church. The tower's roof
4760-662: The Reformation in Zurich resulted also in the abolishment of the Zurich convent, the worship in the churches were discontinued, and the buildings and income of the monasteries were assigned to an according Amt , a bailiwick of administratively function of the city's government ( Rat ). Zwingli started the Swiss reformation at the time when he was the main preacher in Zurich at the Grossmünster . He started his preaching there by preaching systematically through Matthew which
4900-734: The guild revolt in the 14th century which led to the joining of the Swiss Confederacy . Zurich was the focus of the Swiss Reformation led by Huldrych Zwingli , and it came to riches with silk industry in Early Modern times. Numerous lake-side settlements from the Neolithic and Bronze Age have been found, such as those in the Zürich Pressehaus and Zürich Mozartstrasse. The settlements were found in
5040-538: The 11th and 12th century AD, being an early stage of this new phase of development of writing that uses the second third of the 13th century, and was previously represented in the southern part of the Diocese of Constance only by two known examples. Slightly younger is the inscription on the grave stone of Ulrich Regensberg , also used as part of a wall construction in the Oetenbach monastery and dated to 1290/1300, and
5180-471: The 14th century, because thus the most income was achieved. Until the Reformation in Zürich all income obtained with the funerals had also to be delivered to the Grossmünster abbey. Within the late medieval city, as the other "mendicant" orders, the Dominicans have been reduced to the function of area pastors. The convent was abolished on 3 December 1524, the worship in the church was discontinued, and
5320-746: The 18,000 coins originate from the Eastern Gaul , others are of the Zurich type, that were assigned to the local Helvetii , which date to around 100 BC. There's also an island sanctuary of the Helvetii in connection with the settlement at the preceding Oppidi Uetliberg on the former Grosser Hafner island. at the Sechseläutenplatz on the effluence of the Limmat on Lake Zurich lake shore. A female who died in about 200 BC found buried in
5460-592: The 1800s, submerged in Lake Zurich . Located on the then swamp land between the Limmat and Lake Zurich around Sechseläutzenplatz on small islands and peninsulas in Zurich, Prehistoric pile dwellings around Lake Zurich were set on piles to protect against occasional flooding by the Linth and Jona . Zurich–Enge Alpenquai is located on Lake Zurich lakeshore in Enge , a locality of the municipality of Zurich. It
5600-553: The 4th century. According to legend, saints Felix and Regula were executed at the location of the Wasserkirche in 286. The Alamanni settled in the Swiss plateau from the 5th century, but the Roman castle persisted into the 7th century. The earliest manuscript mention of the settlement, as castellum turegum , describes the mission of Columban in 610. An 8th-century list of toponyms from Ravenna mentions Ziurichi . There
5740-496: The Allgemeine Musikgesellschaft (AMG) record label. The music department publishes the materials in its collections periodically as CDs and online. The repertoire ranges from early 16th-century spiritual music of Huldrych Zwingli 's 15th century to the late 20th century. The music collection is released under the label "Musik aus der Zentralbibliothek Zürich", as well as "Mittagsmusik im Predigerchor" for
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5880-449: The Dominicans was built in 1231 as a distinct Romanesque Basilica including a transept and two small apses in the spiral arms of the transept. The closed choir was fairly spacious, with an area of 10 x 10 metres (33 ft), being a reminiscent of the still existing choir of the former Fraumünster basilica, that only a few years before was built. Archaeological finds show that the church had been planned to be originally shorter in
6020-473: The Great Council, while the country districts (200,000 inhabitants) had only 82. A great meeting at Uster on 22 November 1830 demanded that two-thirds of the members in the Great Council should be chosen by the country districts. In 1831 a new constitution was drawn up on these lines, the town getting 71 representatives as against 141 allotted to the country districts, though it was not till 1837-38 that
6160-514: The Gugler construction company to repair the roof's skylights during the summer season. The restoration work was designed and specified to last for a minimum of 50 years, to avoid any more repetitions of extensive structural work for decades. The renovations, repairs, and additions to the historic roof structure proceeded cautiously and with due diligence research, although both records of the supporting structure and documentation of previous restorations
6300-405: The Jews were widely accused of having poisoned wells. On the 24th of February 1349, the city's Jews were tortured, burned and driven out of Zurich. From 1354, Jews began to re-settle in Zurich, but from 1400, the legal situation of Jews in Zurich began to deteriorate. A 1404 law forbade them from testifying against Christians in court, and in 1423 they were indefinitely expelled from the city. In
6440-443: The Limmat, attacked and totally defeated the Russians and their Austrian allies under Korsakov 's command. In 1839, the city had to yield to the demands of its rural subjects, following the Züriputsch of 6 September. Most of the ramparts built in the 17th centuries were torn down, without ever having been sieged, to allay rural concerns over the city's hegemony. The Limmatquai was built in several stages between 1823 and 1859 along
6580-397: The Predigerkirche pipe organ concert series recordings. The Predigerkirche church building and adjoining abbey−choir building are listed in the Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance as a Class A properties of national significance. History of Z%C3%BCrich Zurich has been continuously inhabited since Roman times. The vicus of Turicum
6720-418: The Predigern's choir passed over from the church to the University of Zürich to the "agreed plans for library purposes" according to the "treaty between the Canton of Zürich and the City of Zürich regarding the establishment of a Central Library, from 10 December 1910". On 28 June 1914, the citizens of Zürich agreed to the establishment of the Zentralbibliothek , that was according to the plans by Hermann Fietz
6860-428: The Romanesque chancel was dismantled, followed by the construction on its foundations. The extremely ambitious dimensions of the building were designed in that phase. But already in the 1330s, the construction was set, and remained unfinished for years. The second phase of the building as it was planned, ended in a much more honest construction, and it was saved much substance of the Romanesque building, for example, almost
7000-411: The abbess of the Fraumünster to the rank of a duchess in 1234. The abbess assigned the mayor , and she frequently delegated the minting of coins to citizens of the city. The Reichsvogtei passed to the counts of Lenzburg (1063–1173), and then to the dukes of Zahringen (extinct 1218). Meanwhile, the abbess of the Benedictine Frau Münster had been acquiring extensive rights and privileges over all
7140-410: The architectural details were according to the restrictive rules in the early days of the Dominicans. This first church building belongs to the few ones that are known from the early days of the order at all, what also explains the unusual transept. Different than from those in the south of the Alps, where transepts in the churches of the mendicant orders were common, in the north that kind of architecture
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#17327976612277280-411: The bell axis, it is linked to the outlying platings and under the belfry floor fixed with wooden screws. The Reformation in Zürich was also a struggle of the opponents of the mendicant orders to win the favour of the citizens of Zürich. Zwingli forced disputations with combative sermons, the so-called pulpit -war; in spring of 1524 he banned the mendicant preaching, and on 3 December 1524 the repeal of
7420-422: The buildings and income of the monastery were assigned to the Heilig-Geist-Spital , then an hospital of the city of Zürich. The pastor of the "preachers" was initially subordinated to the parish of the Grossmünster , in 1571 raised to the rank of a Grossmünster Canon Regular , and in 1575 he was allowed to share the Lord's Supper according to the Reformed liturgy, the so-called Abendmahlsgottesdienst . In 1614
7560-431: The cell (or a similarly one) where he died. Some original letters of introduction and his canonization bull of 9 July 1234 are here on display. At the front of the library is a fresco Madonna with benedictory Child (by an unknown artist). The three-aisled Renaissance library, the Biblioteca of San Domenico, planned like a basilica and built by Gaspare Nadi , dates back to 1469 and contains many precious books. Part of
7700-439: The chief power had practically fallen into the hands of the Great Council, and in 1498 this change was formally recognized. (Derived from Free Public Domain: Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition ) This transfer of all power to the guilds had been one of the aims of the burgomaster Hans Waldmann (1483–89), who wished to make Zurich a great commercial centre. He also introduced many financial and moral reforms, and subordinated
7840-416: The choir building has been administrated by the Zentralbibliothek (Zürich central library), the main library of both the canton, city and the University of Zürich. From 1919 to 1982 it also housed the Staatsarchiv Zürich (state archives of the Canton of Zürich) , before they moved to the Irchelpark campus of the University of Zürich . The Zentralbibliothek Zürich (literally Zürich Central Library) in
7980-422: The choir was retained as part of the library, and houses its Musikabteilung (music collections department). In 1974 the facade of the choir building was restored, and the shingles of the roof rider renewed. The leak and weathered roofing was replaced on the basis of existing records in the pointed knob with handmade impregnated roofing shingles. The hue of the top coat was held in an oxide-red tone. The bearing of
8120-417: The church and the choir was associated with a raised staircase growing on the north side of the choir. The then burned down stair access to the administration building, was not rebuilt 1887. As a result, the doorway was isolated respectively obsolete, and therefore separated from the church with a 25 centimetres (10 in) thick brick wall. The grave plate was taken out by the Hochbaudepartement and placed in
8260-416: The church for the faithful. Since most of the pilgrims, who came in great numbers to see the grave, were not able to see this shrine, hidden by so many people standing in front of it, the need was felt for a new shrine. The shrine was designed by Nicola Pisano in 1264. In 1267 the remains of Saint Dominic were then moved from the simple sarcophagus into the new shrine, decorated with the main episodes from
8400-422: The church was raised to a separate parish for the Neumarkt and Niederdorf districts within the city, as well as the then independent municipalities of Oberstrass and Unterstrass – Fluntern were assigned to the parish. The French revolutionary troops allowed again the Catholic worship, but after only two years, the parish was reverted into a Reformed church on 17 October 1801. The church is since 1897 property of
8540-426: The church. After the death of Saint Dominic, the church of San Nicolò was expanded and a new monastic complex was built between 1228 and 1240. The apsidal area of the church was demolished and the nave was extended and grew into the Basilica of Saint-Dominic, This church became the prototype of many other Dominican churches throughout the world. The big basilica was divided in two parts: Both churches were divided by
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#17327976612278680-414: The classification of the piece in the eastern Switzerland epigraphy , it is the oldest surviving piece of this kind, and the oldest surviving grave plate in Zürich. The abbey−choir building had been used for secular purposes since the 16th century Protestant Reformation, and was transformed by the installation of shelves into a warehouse building. For several centuries it was used as a granary . Since 1914
8820-404: The collection are poems by Süsskind von Trimberg . Very little is known about Süsskind, but scholars speculate that he was a Jew, as the name “Süsskind” was only given to Jews at the time. The first official mention of Jews in Zurich was in 1273. The existence of a synagogue in the 13th century testifies to an active Jewish community. When the Black Death epidemic came to Switzerland in 1348/49,
8960-436: The construction of a new convent in Zürich was first mentioned in 1231. Initially, against the resistance of the Grossmünster canons, the Dominican's inclusion in Zürich was granted in 1233/1235, because they tirelessly drove the little foxes in the vineyard of the Lord . The monastery consisted of a Romanesque church at the same place as today, and the monastic buildings built around the adjointed cloister to its west. In 1254
9100-402: The convent of S. Domenico, which in 1962 was aggregated to the Theological Faculty of the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas . The chapter room displays a precious fresco of Saint Dominic from the 14th century. It is the oldest known image of the saint. On the ground floor of the old dormitory is St Dominic’s cell, so called because it is an original cell from his time and possibly
9240-417: The convents in Zürich was forced. The buildings of the Dominican convent were transferred to the then neighboring hospital that was the property of the city government, and the church was deconsecrated. A wall separates since 1541/42 the choir from the nave. In the Gothic choir, the probably then two upper wooden floors served as a grain warehouse, and on the ground floor, the hospital chapel was set up. The nave
9380-440: The craft guilds, each of the twenty-six holding office for six months. The Great Council of 200 (really 212) members consisted of the Little Council, plus 78 representatives each of the Constafel and of the guilds, besides 3 members named by the burgomaster. The office of burgomaster was created and given to Brun for life. Out of this change arose a quarrel with one of the branches of the Habsburg family, in consequence of which Brun
9520-411: The deceased member himself had belonged. Early in the 18th century a determined effort was made to crush by means of heavy duties the flourishing rival silk trade in Winterthur. It was reckoned that about 1650 the number of privileged burghers was 9000, while their rule extended over 170,000 persons. The first symptoms of active discontent appeared later among the dwellers by the lake, who founded in 1794
9660-422: The diet was not sitting. In 1833 Zurich tried hard to secure a revision of the Federal constitution and a strong central government. The town was the Federal capital for 1839–40, and consequently the victory of the Conservative party there in 1839 (due to indignation at the nomination by the Radical government to a theological chair in the university of David Strauss , the author of the famous Life of Jesus) caused
9800-423: The emperor) in 1218 with the extinction of the main line of the Zähringer family. A city wall was built during the 1230s, enclosing 38 hectares (about 94 acres). The Bahnhofstrasse marks the course of the western moat, Hirschengraben marks the eastern moat. The earliest citizens' stone houses at the Rennweg date to this period, using the dilapidated Carolingian castle as a quarry. Emperor Frederick II promoted
9940-416: The endowment inscription of about 1302 in the Zwölfbotenkapelle of Grossmünster, as well as the murals in the Grimmenturm , which arose before 1307. In the arrangement of the inscription is particularly noteworthy of short, on three lines distributed text, the absence of the date and the absence of a peripheral edge inscription, as well as the simple cross. The seven-leaved rosette is not released. Related to
10080-462: The entire Romanesque transept remained. Historical events explain that change: the revolution of 1336 that Rudolf Brun and his entourage brought to power, was followed by a period of economic uncertainty reaching its peak with the plague of 1348/49, the persecution and killing of the Jewish citizens of the so-called Synagogengasse in 1349, as well as the "Zürich night of murder" ( Mordnacht ) in 1350,
10220-668: The establishment of a cemetery at Zähringerstrasse was allowed to the so-called "prayer" (used for Dominican friars, the 'blackfriars') abbey, and repealed in 1843. The order purchased 28 houses in the 13th and early 14th century. The convent was in close connection to the city nobility and landed gentry in Zürich and the surrounding area, among them the Bilgeri family ( Grimmenturm ) and the House of Rapperswil , where they received asylum in Rapperswil after their expulsion by 1348. Memorial measurements had to be held at Grossmünster until
10360-449: The fire of 1887, the remaining convent buildings burnt down, as well as parts of the roof of the nave. The former convent buildings were also used after the abolition of the monastery by the hospital. After the construction of the new hospital in 1842, they became the so-called "Versorgungsanstalt" where chronically ill, old and incurable mental patients were housed; the contemporaries complained unsustainable states were solved in 1870, when
10500-502: The first new organ after the Reformation was installed, and in 1911 the organ was enlarged by Goll und Kuhn . In 1923 it was replaced by a new organ. The organ in the gallery was built by Paul Hintermann and Jakob Schmidt on behalf of Kuhn Orgelbau in 1970: The slider chests instrument has 46 registers on three manuals and pedals. 1) floating, comp system with 6 combinations. The Kuhn organ of 1970 will be supplemented by
10640-528: The first studies of retaining the Gothic era abbey−choir building for the Zentralbibliothek Zürich (literally Zürich Central Library) or reuniting it with the former nave were done. In 1989 a fierce public debate rose on those options, culminating in a cantonal−wide referendum. The proponents for retaining it for civic use won the ballot referendum. In the 1990−1996 remodeling of the library,
10780-456: The general repairs to the structural stabilization of the first stator, the fixing of the rafter positions took was effected. Collar beam and strut pairs were cut off or removed in the roof structure. The respective opposite tower stands of the bell tower were stabilized with a total of three tie rods, and no longer repairable oak timbers were replaced. The iron forged bolt lugs and nails ware extensively restored and reused. The wooden surfaces of
10920-516: The goods entering Gaul were loaded onto larger ships. South of the castle, at the location of the St. Peter church, there was a temple to Jupiter . The earliest record of the town's name is preserved on a 2nd-century tombstone found in the 18th century on Lindenhof, referring to the Roman castle as "STA(tio) TUR(i)CEN(sis)". The area was Christianised along with the rest of the Roman Empire, during
11060-506: The government, though it was to these last that the town was largely indebted for its rising wealth and importance. Predigerkirche was built in 1231 AD as a Romanesque church of the then Dominican Predigerkloster nearby the Neumarkt and the city's hospital. As the other convents in Zurich, it was abolished after the Reformation in Switzerland . In October 1291 the town made an alliance with Uri and Schwyz , and in 1292 failed in
11200-411: The hexagonal spire and the tower shaft offset strengthened with 0.8 millimetres (0.0315 in) thin lead plates, so-called nouques . The shingles were painted with the color Caput Mortuum V (Violet) , based on the color analysis on the roof turret itself, on research in the city archives and based on color of the tower of the church and the sandstone used in the choir. The crowning feature (knobs) and
11340-532: The highest Gothic edifice in Zürich. Located nearby the medieval Neumarkt quarter , the church that commonly is named Predigerkirche was mentioned for the first time in 1234 AD as the Predigerkloster monastery of the Dominican Order . The first Dominican friars settled, according to the chronicler Heinrich Brennwald, outside of the city walls of medieval Zürich at Stadelhofen in 1230, and
11480-475: The increasingly grand city planning in 1902, with the entire Lindenhof hill it was built on removed to make way for the new Uraniastrasse and administration buildings. It had been serving as a prison, and the inmates were moved to the newly completed cantonal prison in Regensdorf . But under the cantonal constitution of 1814 matters were worse still, for the town (10,000 inhabitants) had 130 representatives in
11620-408: The inhabitants, though she never obtained the criminal jurisdiction. The town flourished greatly in the 12th and 13th centuries, the silk trade being introduced from Italy. In 1218 the Reichsvogtei passed back into the hands of the king, who appointed one of the burghers as his deputy, the town thus becoming a free imperial city under the nominal rule of a distant sovereign. The abbess in 1234 became
11760-574: The interests of the country districts to those of the town. He practically ruled the Swiss Confederation , and under him Zurich became the real capital of the League. But such great changes excited opposition, and he was overthrown and executed. His main ideas were embodied, however, in the constitution of 1498, by which the patricians became the first of the guilds, and which remained in force till 1798; some special rights were also given to
11900-529: The largest Wagnerian collections in the world, and has become a major repository of Swiss music manuscripts. The collection includes around 180 legacies of deceased composers, musicians, and musicologists. It also houses corporate archives and historical library collections of important music institutions such as the Opernhaus Zürich , the Konzerthalle concert hall, the Zürich conservatory, and
12040-580: The later Vicus Turicum , probably in the first 1st century BC or even much earlier, the Celts settled at the Lindenhof Oppidium . In 1890, so-called Potin lumps were found, whose largest weights 59.2 kilograms (131 lb) at the Prehistoric pile dwelling settlement Alpenquai . The pieces consist of a large number of fused Celtic coins, which are mixed with charcoal remnants. Some of
12180-527: The later medieval period, the political power of the convent slowly waned. The beginning of self-government came with the establishment of the Zunftordnung ( guild laws) in 1336 by Rudolf Brun , who also became the first independent mayor, i.e. not assigned by the abbess. From this time, the city increasingly came under the domination of the Zünfte , a process only fully completed in the 16th century with
12320-419: The length than it is today. During the construction period, the building was extended on the today's west facade. The first church was very long, measuring 61 metres (200 ft) in the interior of the central nave, but its height of around 12 metres (39 ft) and width of 10 metres (33 ft) rather low. The Romanesque church seems to have caught fire, possibly several times. The fire in the Romanesque choir
12460-468: The life of the Saint. While the Dominicans picked the artist, the project was funded as a civic monument with a special tax. In the 15th century Niccolò dell'Arca added a canopy Work would continue on this shrine for almost five centuries. The square in front of the church is paved with pebbles, as it was in medieval times. The square was used by the faithful to listen to the sermon from the preacher from
12600-466: The lip contours, eyes and teeth of the Gargoyles were covered with gold leaf. The costs amounted to 1.1 million Swiss Francs. The first pipe organ was installed in 1503 and 24 years later broken in the aftermath of the Reformation struggle. The first early Baroque Protestant church in the southern German culture area is mentioned in 1614, so it is assumed that the organ may have been re-used. In 1879
12740-414: The main entrance to the church, has been cut and received a sloping roof and an arched position, and so the last connections between the Gothic choir and the former nave inside the church were closed. The most important structural changes were new church windows in 1899, a new Gothic Revival style portal on the west facade, and the new tall church bell tower . The tower, by the architect Friedrich Wehrli,
12880-479: The most prominent opponents of Brun's regime. This development represents the beginning of the general decline of the Zürich Dominican convent. The roof work of the choir was built in two phases between 1317 and 1323 from east to west, as a rafter roof with collar beam position and cross strut. The approximately 28 metres (92 ft) long roof has a roof pitch of 57°, consists of 24 rafters and includes
13020-529: The music department of the University of Zürich. By the cantonal Hochbauamt (literally: building construction department) the construction works were performed in the Prediger choir in March 1941, mainly in the roof of the choir, where in setting up a makeshift lighting, a medieval grave stone was discovered in the attic, which was walled up there. The door served until 1887 as access to the floor space of
13160-401: The occasion of the conditioning of the tough. When the old convent buildings burned down on 25 June 1887, whose ruins were dismantled in the same year, and the open space was used for celebrations. The northern part of the church, that was detached since the demolition of the cloister buildings, also was new designed by adding aisle windows and pilasters. The stem of the southern portal, which was
13300-604: The organ in this chapel, while he was studying with padre Giovanni Battista Martini in 1769. There is a small chapel on the right side of the altar with a painting by the Baroque artist Bartolomeo Cesi and a canvas by Guercino St. Thomas Aquinas writing the Holy Sacrament (1662) This monumental choir was moved behind the high altar in the 17th century. The original altar was a masterpiece decorated with basreliefs and nine sculptures by Giovanni di Balduccio (1330),
13440-408: The polygonal upper fixation of the choir. The roof turret design was developed in 1496, and the belfry in 1475. Due to the strong inclination of the rafter container of about 97 centimetres (38.19 in), a pursuit of spruce and fir was set up in the 17th century. The roof structure was two times repaired what easily is recognizable. The first repair contained, among other things, the installation of
13580-465: The preaching Brothers moved in 1219 to the small church of San Nicolò of the Vineyards at the outskirts of Bologna. St. Dominic settled in this church and held here the first two General Chapters of the order (1220 and 1221). Saint Dominic died in this church on 6 August 1221. He was buried behind the altar of San Nicolò. Between 1219 and 1243 the Dominicans bought all surrounding plots of land around
13720-416: The present-day vast collection of exceptional art treasures created by some the greatest Italian artists, including Nicola Pisano , Arnolfo di Cambio , Niccolò dell'Arca , Michelangelo , Iacopo da Bologna , Guido Reni , Guercino and Filippino Lippi . The remains of the saint were moved in 1233 from its place behind the altar to a simple marble sarcophagus , situated on the floor in the right aisle of
13860-475: The protectors of the two churches, and had jurisdiction over the free community. In 870 the sovereign placed his powers over all four in the hands of a single official (the Reichsvogt ), and the union was still further strengthened by the wall built round the four settlements in the 10th century as a safeguard against Saracen marauders and feudal barons. Zurich became reichsunmittelbar (direct control of
14000-493: The province of Gallia Belgica , and to Germania superior from AD 90. Following Constantine's reform of the Empire in 318, the border between the praetorian prefectures of Gaul and Italy was just east of Turicum crossing the Linth between Lake Zurich and Walensee . Roman Turicum was not fortified, but there was a small garrison at the tax-collecting point, set up not exactly on the border, but downstream of Lake Zurich, where
14140-518: The pulpit on the left corner of the church. It was also the original cemetery. The column in the middle of the square is a brickwork column with the bronze statue of St Dominic (1627) and on the back of the square a column in marble, bricks and copper of the Madonna of the Rosary , after a design by Guido Reni (1632), commemorating the end of the plague in the city. Behind the first column stands
14280-430: The pulpit placed in the middle of the front wall above the baptismal font , was the model for many churches. The most important structural changes affected the southern aisle whose southern wall was completely rebuilt with large pointed-arch windows. The two side aisles received a barrel vault and the nave. But the wooden vault above the nave weakened the structure of the church, so that in 1663, in terms of emergency,
14420-491: The reading room of the archives. Since 1914 the choir has been administrated by the Zentralbibliothek (Zürich central library). Since 1996 the library's Musikabteilung (music collections department) has been located in the choir. The Musikabteilung was founded in 1971, as a scholarly music collection of European importance. In addition to larger stocks of printed music and sound recordings, it compromises one of
14560-780: The right side of the Limmat. From 1847, the Spanisch-Brötli-Bahn , the first railway on Swiss territory, connected Zurich with Baden , putting the Zürich Hauptbahnhof at the origin of the Swiss rail network. The present building of the Hauptbahnhof dates to 1871. The emergence of the Sechseläuten as the city's (more properly, the Zünfte ' s) most prominent traditional holiday dates to this period. The Ötenbach monastery , founded 1285, fell victim to
14700-403: The roof of the Gothic era choir was rediscovered in 1941. The older Romanesque period grave plate was in use as the lintel of the door opening, with its inscribed side facing down. The door jambs and the lintel (repurposed grave plate) were installed with other masonry work during the 14th century construction of the choir building. The grave plate has been walled up there for its future use. It
14840-439: The roof ridge, at the same height as the walls of the choir. The dendrochronological analysis show that the belfry construction was done in 1475, which has arisen in the supporting structure of the choir, that was added in 1496. The roof shingles of the open belfry and the hexagonal pointed helmet have been applied in several layers on the wooden formwork. The latest dendrochronological provisions on wooden spire show that this wood
14980-491: The shingles were very brittle, there were cracked sheet metal seams, and the copper plate did not keep even slight pressure. The main reinforcements and restoration work in the choir building were completed in 2010. In 2012 the choir building's owners, including Reformierte Kirchgemeinde Predigern (church congregation) and Zentralbibliothek (central library), and the city of Zürich's departments of Praktische Denkmalpflege' and Archäologie des Amts für Städtebau , commissioned
15120-699: The shore of Lake Zurich, unter the guidance of the city engineer Arnold Bürkli . Basilica of San Domenico Dominic Guzman, on arriving in Bologna in January 1218, was impressed by the vitality of the city and quickly recognized the importance of this university town to his evangelizing mission. A convent was established at the Mascarella church by the Blessed Reginald of Orleans . As this convent soon became too small for their increasing number,
15260-430: The still existing powerful buttresses had to be built, to support the southern facade. The increase of the high ship wall by 2 metres (7 ft) also was part of the same emergency measures, as well as a completely new roof. The new zone of the high ship wall was covered with round windows. The choir was once again used for storage purposes in the 19th century and served from 1803 as cantonal and University library. During
15400-586: The subjects in country districts. It was the prominent part taken by Zurich in adopting and propagating (against the strenuous opposition of the Constafel) the principles of the Reformation (the Fraumünster Abbey being suppressed in 1524) which finally secured for it the lead in the Confederation. The Augustiner and Prediger monasteries and Oetenbach nunnery and Rüti Monastery nearby Rapperswil were also disestablished in 1524. The aftermath of
15540-424: The supporting struts, which stabilized the rafter container. Towards to the end of the 17th century, the second repair was implemented, which concentrated on the eastern chancel. The inclination of the entire roof work is originated by the pressure of the polygonal choir construction. The 27.1 metres (88.9 ft) high, hexagonal ridge turret is made of oak, and a masterpiece of carpenter technology, towering above
15680-471: The suspension of the monasteries following the Reformation . Jews were excluded from the guilds, which were based on the concept of Christian brotherhood. Under the new constitution (the main features of which lasted till 1798) the Little Council was made up of the burgomaster and thirteen members from the Constafel (which included the old patricians and the wealthiest burghers) and the thirteen masters of
15820-545: The territory of Toggenburg (the Old Zurich War ). Zurich was defeated in 1446, and re-admitted to the confederation in 1450. During the later half of the 15th century, Zurich managed to substantially increase the territory under its control, gaining the Thurgau (1460), Winterthur (1467), Stein am Rhein (1459/84) and Eglisau (1496). Zurich's position in the Confederacy was improved further with its role in
15960-489: The time being reversed. From 1917 to 1919, the final transformation of the choir to library purposes took place, and in 1919 the choir was leased to the Canton of Zürich, and so the cantonal library was outsourced, however in 1919 moved back and again moved, to make room for the as of today Staatsarchiv des Kantons Zürich . Therefore, since 1982 the premise is used for the library, in particular for its Musikabteilung , meaning
16100-413: The tomb of Rolandino de’ Passeggeri by Giovanni (1305) and on the left, adjoining a house, the tomb of Egidio Foscarari (1289), enriched with an ancient Byzantine marble arch with relief works from the 9th century. The Romanesque façade dates from 1240 and was restored in 1910 by the architect Raffaele Faccioli. In the center is a large, embroidered rose window . The lunette above the portal contains
16240-407: The tower threshold ring, the moisture damage and the weakened old anchoring system of hexagonal roof turret-pointed helmet, required extensive reinforcements and repair measures, so that the existing bell bearings could be obtained. The new roof shingles of the bell tower consist of radially to the root-derived spruce wood, which has been pressure treated prior to assembly. The shingles were placed on
16380-401: The town finally lost the last relics of the privileges which it had so long enjoyed as compared with the country districts. From 1803 to 1814 Zurich was one of the six directorial cantons , its chief magistrate becoming for a year the chief magistrate of the Confederation, while in 1815 it was one of the three cantons , the government of which acted for two years as the Federal government when
16520-487: The town from the "thirties" onwards created an industrial class which, though "settled" in the town, did not possess the privileges of burghership, and consequently had no share in the municipal government. First of all in 1860 the town schools, opened to "settlers" only on paying high fees, were made accessible to all, next in 1875 ten years' residence ipso facto conferred the right of burghership. In 1862, Jews were given full legal and political equality, and that same year,
16660-402: The town had been extending its rule far beyond its walls, a process which began in the 14th, and attained its height in the 15th century (1362–1467). Zurich joined the Swiss confederation (which at that point was a loose confederation of de facto independent states ) as the fifth member in 1351. Zurich was expelled from the confederation in 1440 due to a war with the other member states over
16800-603: The town of Winterthur from the Habsburgs (1467) marks the culmination of the territorial power of the city. It was to the men of Zurich and their leader Hans Waldmann that the victory of Morat (1476) was due in the Burgundian War ; and Zurich took a leading part in the Italian campaign of 1512–15, the burgomaster Schmid naming the new duke of Milan (1512). No doubt her trade connections with Italy led her to pursue
16940-581: The two battles of 1799 (French Revolutionary Wars). In the first battle (4 June) the French under General André Masséna , on the defensive, were attacked by the Austrians under the Archduke Charles , Massena retiring behind the Limmat before the engagement had reached a decisive stage. The second and far more important battle took place on 25 and 26 September. Massena, having forced the passage of
17080-427: The two churches was finally demolished in the beginning of the 17th century. The choir was at the same time moved behind the altar. Between 1728 and 1732 the interior of the church was completely renewed by the architect Carlo Francesco Dotti , sponsored by the Dominican pope Benedict XIII , into its present-day Baroque style. Early on the church began receiving many works of art from the faithful. This has grown into
17220-576: The weather cock was made accessible, and the pommel balls over the gables and the tower were re-plated in gold. On occasion of the state examination in 2008, there were various defects found in the roof work. The bell almost touched one side of the roof turret-bell tower, although this was to have been addressed in 2006 renovations. To avoid damage to the historic building, the weakened structural parts were restored, strengthened, and when necessary replaced. The hexagonal roof turret's pointed helmet had to be stabilized, and many components were in poor condition,
17360-460: Was a huge difference from almost every other priest that preached through the liturgical cycle of readings issued by the Church. He lived and preached in Zurich from 1484 until his death in 1531 at the defeat of Zurich in the second war of Kappel . Zwingli's Zurich Bible first appeared in 1531 and continued to be revised until the present day. Katharina von Zimmern (1478-1547), the last abbess of
17500-407: Was a remnant of the earlier Romanesque choir building. The machined surface is 74 centimetres (29.1 in) wide, 114 centimetres (44.9 in) respectively 130 centimetres (51.2 in) high; at the foot of about 700 kilograms (1,500 lb) grave plate is a defect. The thickness of the plate is 17 centimetres (6.7 in) at its left and 9 centimetres (3.5 in) at its right side. The material
17640-464: Was arguably even occasion for its new building, as the wall in the western facade had several traces of fire. Probably the original Romanesque western facade had smaller windows then shown in the Murerplan, three narrow, high arched windows, similar to the still extant windows in the choir of the Fraumünster church. The entire church had a flat wooden ceiling. The low height and stressed simplicity of
17780-501: Was begun in 1898 and completed in 1900 according to the plans of Stadtbaumeister Gustav Gull. The church tower was added after the demolition of the monastery's buildings on the southwest between the Zentralbibliothek (central library) and Predigerkirche (church). It is connected to the former cloister area and is accessible by a gate at its base. The church tower is a stylistic revival of Gothic architecture , particularly
17920-411: Was built between 1914 and 1917, situated at the former site of the old monastery buildings. Because the wooden shelves were seen as a security risk, they were replaced in 1918/19 by a concrete construction, though already at that time there were objections against this plan. The book magazine built on the place of the old cloister, now directly connected to the Gothic choir and making the 1871 exemption for
18060-470: Was built in 1642 under the impression of the Thirty Years' War . The funds required for this ambitious project were imposed on the subject territories without consultation, resulting in revolts that were crushed by force. From 1648, the city changed its official status from Reichsstadt to Republik , thus likening itself to city republics like Venice and Genova . In the 17th and 18th centuries,
18200-545: Was completely renewed in Baroque style with refined elegance and well-balanced proportions by the architect Carlo Francesco Dotti (1678–1759). In the lunettes above the Ionic columns along the nave we can see 10 paintings, depicting episodes (true and untrue) in the history of the church. The first two are by Giuseppe Pedretti (1696–1778), the others by Vittorio Bigari (1692–1776). Young Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart played on
18340-421: Was done in 1778, and included the removal of the shingle at the bottom of the screen for the installation of tie rods, in order to stabilize the pointed helmet. These were anchored to the belfry and thus passed the bells vibrations directly to the construction of the turret's vault. The bell in the roof turret dates from 1451 (inscription) and is in Zürich the oldest church bell at its original location. The bell
18480-600: Was established in AD 90, at the site of an existing Gaulish ( Helvetic ) settlement. Gallo-Roman culture appears to have persisted beyond the collapse of the Western empire in the 5th century, and it is not until the Carolingian period . A royal castle was built at the site of the Lindenhof , and monasteries are established at Grossmünster and Fraumünster . Political power lay with these abbeys during Medieval times, until
18620-623: Was finished by brother Bernardino da Bologna. These decorations display scenes from the Old Testament (on the right side) and from the New Testament (on the left side). Because of its extraordinary artistic value, this remarkable marquetry work was considered by its contemporaries as the eight wonder of the world. It is also noted in the Vite (IV,94) by Giorgio Vasari The church's small museum houses many important works of art and
18760-421: Was hit in 1628, and the roof turret was built in 1629, followed by several repairs. The bracing cross pieces of the lower frame structure are applied, while there are at the top of the cross pieces of wood mortise and tenon joints. The pediments over the open belfry are crowned with golden knobs, and the roof spouts are decorated with Gargoyles from painted copper sheets. The subsequent installation of two tie rods
18900-557: Was induced to throw in the lot of Zurich with the Swiss Confederation (May 1351). The double position of Zurich as a free imperial city and as a member of the Everlasting League was soon found to be embarrassing to both parties. In 1373 and again in 1393 the powers of the Constafel were limited and the majority in the executive secured to the craftsmen, who could then aspire to the burgomastership. Meanwhile,
19040-418: Was lacking. In collaboration with the city of Zürich, a 60 metres (197 ft) high scaffolding tower was erected. The southwest side hip rafters of fir wood roof of the plant had moisture damage due to leaking roof shingles. It was plated with two dry, one year stored spruce wood parts, that were cope planed, glued together and the cross-sectional dimensions of wood connected with wooden screws. In addition to
19180-406: Was largely not used after 1250. The model for the shape of the Zürich church might be the Basilica of San Domenico in Bologna; it is slightly older, and was at that time probably the most important church of the Dominicans, where their founder Saint Dominic was buried in 1221. Both, the Zürich and Bolognese churches, show that the early Dominicans were still strongly influenced by older orders like
19320-476: Was moved and the walls and vaults were covered with stucco. The clerestory and the attic were increased and grown, and a magnificent portal with porch was built on the south side. The reconstruction was carried out from 1609 to 1614 in the early Baroque style – this construction essentially repeals the present appearance of the church building and its interior. It became the first really redesigned Protestant church in that era. The conception of this sermon space, and
19460-615: Was neighbored by the settlements at Kleiner Hafner and Grosser Hafner on a then peninsula respectively island in the effluence of the Limmat, within an area of about 0.2 square kilometres (49.42 acres) in the city of Zurich. As well as being part of the 56 Swiss sites of the UNESCO Worl Heritage Site Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps , the settlement is also listed in the Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance as
19600-408: Was used for five large wine presses. The choir was then divided by the catchment of five shelves so that worship for the residents of Niederdorf was held from 1544 until 1607. The upper floors of the choir were now used as the grain chute. The Zürich council decided on 21 January 1607, to relocate the worship in the separate nave, and the nave was rebuilt in the Baroque style. A wooden barrel vault
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