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40-472: Prefab is prefabrication, the practice of assembling at a manufacturing site, and transporting to the construction site. Prefab may also refer to: Prefab The most commonly cited definition is by Goodier and Gibb in 2007, which described the process of manufacturing and preassembly of a certain number of building components, modules, and elements before their shipment and installation on construction sites. The term prefabrication also applies to

80-564: A severe case of claustrophobia , and he was never again comfortable living within a walled building. Consequently, he moved the royal court to an extensive complex of tents in the hills of Ajuda . The Project for the Royal Palace in Campo de Ourique was an ambitious palatial complex planned for the Campo de Ourique neighborhood of Lisbon, but later abandoned due to a lack of impetus from

120-444: A specific part of the project or to the whole of it. The efficiency and speed in the execution times of these works offer that, for example, in the case of the educational sector, it is possible to execute the projects without the cessation of the operations of the educational facilities during the development of the same. Prefabrication saves engineering time on the construction site in civil engineering projects. This can be vital to

160-573: A walled building ever again. Afterwards, Joseph moved his court into a series of tents. A new palace was built for him in Lisbon in the aftermath of the earthquake, but this was left uncompleted. Joseph died in 1777 and was succeeded by his eldest daughter, Queen Dona Maria I. Joseph was the third child of King John V of Portugal and his wife Maria Anna of Austria . He had an older brother Pedro, Prince of Brazil , an older sister Barbara and three younger brothers. When his brother Pedro died in 1714 at

200-436: Is often also referred to as off-site construction. These can be described as component (or sub-assembly) systems, panelised systems, volumetric systems, and modular systems. Below these categories different branches, or technologies are being developed. There are a vast number of different systems on the market which fall into these categories and with recent advances in digital design such as building information modeling (BIM),

240-434: Is the use of prefabricated concrete and prefabricated steel sections in structures where a particular part or form is repeated many times. It can be difficult to construct the formwork required to mould concrete components on site, and delivering wet concrete to the site before it starts to set requires precise time management. Pouring concrete sections in a factory brings the advantages of being able to re-use moulds and

280-400: Is used in various industries and construction sectors such as healthcare, retail, hospitality, education, and public administration, due to its many advantages and benefits over traditional on-site construction, such as reduced installation time and cost savings. Being used in single-story buildings as well as in multi-story projects and constructions. Providing the possibility of applying it to

320-592: The Baixa district, was rebuilt by using prefabrication on an unprecedented scale. Under the guidance of Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, popularly known as the Marquis de Pombal , the most powerful royal minister of D. Jose I , a new Pombaline style of architecture and urban planning arose, which introduced early anti-seismic design features and innovative prefabricated construction methods, according to which large multistory buildings were entirely manufactured outside

360-598: The Exchange of the Princesses . Mariana Victoria loved music and hunting, just like her husband, but she was also a serious woman who disapproved of Joseph's love affairs and did not hesitate to expose them to acquaintances. They had four daughters, all born before Joseph ascended the throne. Joseph succeeded to the Portuguese throne in 1750, when he was 36 years old, and almost immediately placed effective power in

400-755: The Portuguese minister, the Marquis of Pombal, refused, and with the assistance of Count Lippe and the English General Burgoyne broke the offensive of the Spanish invading army. D'Aranda , the Spanish General, was forced to retreat in disgrace. With the utter failure of the Spanish war machine everywhere, all the hopes which Choiseul [French Foreign Minister] had placed on the Spanish alliance vanished. 'Had I known', he wrote, 'what I now know, I should have been very careful to cause to enter

440-453: The Portuguese royal family and a prioritization of other reconstruction efforts. The capital was eventually rebuilt at great cost, and an equestrian statue of King Joseph still dominates the Praça do Comércio , Lisbon's main plaza. With Joseph's death on 24 February 1777, the throne passed to his daughter, Queen Dona Maria I, and his brother and son-in-law, King Dom Peter III. Pombal's iron rule

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480-532: The Reformer (Portuguese: o Reformador ), was King of Portugal from 31 July 1750 until his death in 1777. Among other activities, Joseph was devoted to hunting and the opera. His government was controlled by Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal . The third child and second son of King John V , Joseph became his father's heir as an infant when his older brother, Pedro, Prince of Brazil , died. In 1729 he married Infanta Mariana Victoria ,

520-402: The Spanish army during the undeclared war of 1763-1777. The powerful Marquis of Pombal sought to overhaul all aspects of economic, social and colonial policy to make Portugal a more efficient contender with the other great powers of Europe, and thus enhance his own political stature. A supposed conspiracy of nobles aimed at murdering King Joseph and Pombal gave him the opportunity (some say

560-407: The age of two, Joseph became heir apparent with the titles of Prince of Brazil and Duke of Braganza . On 19 January 1729, Joseph married Infanta Mariana Victoria of Spain , daughter of King Philip V of Spain and Elisabeth Farnese , and his elder sister Barbara married King Philip's son and heir, Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias (later King Ferdinand VI of Spain ). The ceremony became known as

600-456: The assembly of aircraft and spacecraft , with components such as wings and fuselage sections often being manufactured in different countries or states from the final assembly site. However, this is sometimes for political rather than commercial reasons, such as for Airbus . Off-site fabrication is a process that incorporates prefabrication and pre-assembly. The process involves the design and manufacture of units or modules, usually remote from

640-426: The body of the machine which in the past were fabricated with the whole machine. Prefabricated parts of the body of the machine may be called 'sub-assemblies' to distinguish them from the other components. An example from house-building illustrates the process of prefabrication. The conventional method of building a house is to transport bricks , timber , cement , sand , steel and construction aggregate , etc. to

680-524: The city, transported in pieces and then assembled on site. The process, which lasted into the nineteenth century, lodged the city's residents in safe new structures unheard-of before the quake. Also in Portugal, the town of Vila Real de Santo António in the Algarve , founded on 30 December 1773, was quickly erected through the use of prefabricated materials en masse. The first of the prefabricated stones

720-590: The coming years, with the prefabricated modular construction market expected to grow at a CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of 8% between 2022 and 2030. It is expected to reach USD 271 billion by 2030. "Prefabricated Building Construction Systems Adopted in Hong Kong" (PDF) . Retrieved 20 August 2013 . Joseph I of Portugal Dom Joseph I ( Portuguese : José Francisco António Inácio Norberto Agostinho , Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒuˈzɛ] ; 6 June 1714 – 24 February 1777), known as

760-402: The concrete can be mixed on the spot without having to be transported to and pumped wet on a congested construction site. Prefabricating steel sections reduces on-site cutting and welding costs as well as the associated hazards. Prefabrication techniques are used in the construction of apartment blocks, and housing developments with repeated housing units. Prefabrication is an essential part of

800-564: The cost of transporting prefabricated sections and lifting them into position as they will usually be larger, more fragile and more difficult to handle than the materials and components of which they are made. Prefabrication has been used since ancient times. For example, it is claimed that the world's oldest known engineered roadway , the Sweet Track constructed in England around 3800 BC , employed prefabricated timber sections brought to

840-548: The eldest daughter of Philip V of Spain . Joseph and Mariana Victoria had four daughters: Maria , Mariana , Doroteia , and Benedita . With the death of his father in 1750, Joseph became king of Portugal. His reign witnessed, among other things, a deadly earthquake in Lisbon in 1755 and a Spanish-French invasion of Portugal in 1762. The Lisbon earthquake allowed the Marquis of Pombal to consolidate power and also caused King Joseph to develop claustrophobia , refusing to live in

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880-545: The end of the Seven Years' War (5 May-24 November 1762). France and Spain sent an ultimatum in order to force Portugal to abandon its alliance with Great Britain and close her ports to British ships. King Joseph refused to submit and asked for British help since both Portugal and its army were in a very poor condition, mainly because of the great 1755 Lisbon earthquake . England sent a force of 7,104 men led by John Campbell, 4th Earl of Loudoun , and John Burgoyne , and also

920-424: The exceptional military leader William, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe , which reformed the Portuguese army and led the allied army of 14–15,000 men in a victorious war. The Bourbon invaders first led by Nicolás de Carvajal, Marquis of Sarriá , and then by Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea, Count of Aranda , were thrice defeated by a combination of popular uprising, scorched earth strategy/famine and encircling movements by

960-450: The final point of manufacture are assembled elsewhere instead, before being delivered for final assembly. The theory behind the method is that time and cost is saved if similar construction tasks can be grouped, and assembly line techniques can be employed in prefabrication at a location where skilled labour is available, while congestion at the assembly site, which wastes time, can be reduced. The method finds application particularly where

1000-468: The hands of Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo (in 1770, the king made him Marquis of Pombal ). Indeed, the history of Joseph's reign is really that of the Marquis of Pombal himself. The king's eldest daughter, Maria Francisca , became heir presumptive with the title of Princess of Brazil . One of the most difficult situations faced by the king was the Franco-Spanish invasion of Portugal, in

1040-428: The improved quality. However, tradition often favors building by hand in many countries, and the image of prefab as a "cheap" method only slows its adoption. However, current practice already allows the modifying the floor plan according to the customer's requirements and selecting the surfacing material, e.g. a personalized brick facade can be masoned even if the load-supporting elements are timber. Today, prefabrication

1080-751: The industrialization of construction. The quality of prefabricated housing units had increased to the point that they may not be distinguishable from traditionally built units to those that live in them. The technique is also used in office blocks, warehouses and factory buildings. Prefabricated steel and glass sections are widely used for the exterior of large buildings. Detached houses, cottages, log cabin, saunas, etc. are also sold with prefabricated elements. Prefabrication of modular wall elements allows building of complex thermal insulation , window frame components, etc. on an assembly line , which tends to improve quality over on-site construction of each individual wall or frame. Wood construction in particular benefits from

1120-480: The lightness of the panels reduced the cost of foundations and assembly on site. Coloured concrete grey and with flat roofs, prefab houses were uninsulated and cold and life in a prefab acquired a certain stigma, but some London prefabs were occupied for much longer than the projected 10 years. The Crystal Palace , erected in London in 1851, was a highly visible example of iron and glass prefabricated construction; it

1160-490: The manufacturing of things other than structures at a fixed site. It is frequently used when fabrication of a section of a machine or any movable structure is shifted from the main manufacturing site to another location, and the section is supplied assembled and ready to fit. It is not generally used to refer to electrical or electronic components of a machine, or mechanical parts such as pumps, gearboxes and compressors which are usually supplied as separate items, but to sections of

1200-768: The pretext) to neutralize the Távora family in the Távora affair and to expel the Jesuits in September 1759, thus gaining control of public education and a wealth of church lands and ushering Portugal into the Age of the Enlightenment . Joseph's reign is also noteworthy for the Lisbon earthquake , firestorm and tsunami of 1 November 1755, in which between 30,000 and 40,000 people died. The earthquake caused Joseph to develop

1240-534: The regular Anglo-Portuguese troops, which like the militia, skilfully used the mountainous terrain to their advantage. The Spanish and French troops suffered staggering losses when they were driven out from Portugal and chased into Spain. As synthesized by historian Walter Dorn: … Effort of the Bourbon powers to set up the beginnings of a 'continental system' by sending a summons to Portugal to close her ports to British ships and exclude Englishmen from Brazil trade. But

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1280-463: The site rather than assembled on-site. Sinhalese kings of ancient Sri Lanka have used prefabricated buildings technology to erect giant structures, which dates back as far as 2000 years, where some sections were prepared separately and then fitted together, specially in the Kingdom of Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa . After the great Lisbon earthquake of 1755 , the Portuguese capital, especially

1320-516: The site, and to construct the house on site from these materials. In prefabricated construction , only the foundations are constructed in this way, while sections of walls , floors and roof are prefabricated (assembled) in a factory (possibly with window and door frames included), transported to the site, lifted into place by a crane and bolted together. Prefabrication is used in the manufacture of ships , aircraft and all kinds of vehicles and machines where sections previously assembled at

1360-404: The structure is composed of repeating units or forms, or where multiple copies of the same basic structure are being constructed. Prefabrication avoids the need to transport so many skilled workers to the construction site, and other restricting conditions such as a lack of power, lack of water, exposure to harsh weather or a hazardous environment are avoided. Against these advantages must be weighed

1400-754: The success of projects such as bridges and avalanche galleries , where weather conditions may only allow brief periods of construction. Prefabricated bridge elements and systems offer bridge designers and contractors significant advantages in terms of construction time, safety, environmental impact, constructibility, and cost. Prefabrication can also help minimize the impact on traffic from bridge building. Additionally, small, commonly used structures such as concrete pylons are in most cases prefabricated. Radio towers for mobile phone and other services often consist of multiple prefabricated sections. Modern lattice towers and guyed masts are also commonly assembled of prefabricated elements. Prefabrication has become widely used in

1440-471: The task of integrating these different systems into a construction project is becoming increasingly a "digital" management proposition. The prefabricated construction market is booming. It is growing at an accelerated pace both in more established markets such as North America and Europe and in emerging economies such as the Asia-Pacific region (mainly China and India). Considerable growth is expected in

1480-550: The war a power which by its feebleness can only ruin and destroy France'. In South America, the war ended in a draw; the Portuguese took territory from Spain (most of the Rio Negro Valley ) and defeated a Spanish invasion of Mato Grosso , while Spain conquered Colónia do Sacramento and the vast territory of Rio Grande do Sul (1763). The Treaty of Paris (1763) restored the status quo ante bellum . The rich and huge territory of Rio Grande do Sul would be retaken from

1520-450: The work site, and the installation at the site to form the permanent works at the site. In its fullest sense, off-site fabrication requires a project strategy that will change the orientation of the project process from construction to manufacture to installation. Examples of off-site fabrication are wall panels for homes, wooden truss bridge spans, airport control stations . There are four main categories of off-site fabrication, which

1560-494: Was followed on a smaller scale by Oxford Rewley Road railway station . During World War II , prefabricated Cargo ships , designed to quickly replace ships sunk by Nazi U-boats became increasingly common. The most ubiquitous of these ships was the American Liberty ship , which reached production of over 2,000 units, averaging 3 per day. The most widely used form of prefabrication in building and civil engineering

1600-602: Was laid in March 1774. By 13 May 1776, the centre of the town had been finished and was officially opened. In 19th century Australia a large number of prefabricated houses were imported from the United Kingdom. The method was widely used in the construction of prefabricated housing in the 20th century, such as in the United Kingdom as temporary housing for thousands of urban families "bombed out" during World War II . Assembling sections in factories saved time on-site and

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