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40-590: It is named after the Mur River , which separates it from the rest of Slovenia. The name Prekmurje literally means 'area beyond the Mur' ( prek 'beyond, on the other side' + Mura 'Mur River' + je , a collective suffix). In Hungarian , the region is known as Muravidék , and in German as Übermurgebiet . The name Prekmurje was introduced in the twentieth century, although it is derived from an older term. Before 1919,

80-731: A massive sewage pipe between the city centre and the new dam, necessitating the felling of thousands of trees. The project is controversial and environmental groups are resisting it. Both environmental impact and economic studies have found the project to be neither ecologically nor economically viable. Additional hydroelectric plants are planned for Slovenia. The hydrological parameters of the Mur are regularly monitored in Croatia at Mursko Središće . Municipality of Dobrovnik The Municipality of Dobrovnik ( Slovene : Občina Dobrovnik [ˈóːptʃina dɔˈbɾɔ́ːwnik] ; Hungarian : Dobronak község [ˈdobronɒk ˈkøʃʃeːɡ] )

120-521: A result of being the European Capital of Culture for 2003, an artificial island known as the Murinsel was constructed in the middle of the river. Once heavily polluted by several paper mills on the shore and by the ironworks around Leoben, the water quality has improved since the 1980s and the river is now seen as an asset to the city. From Graz the river continues to flow south, past

160-421: A small literary corpus of around 200 to 300 works. However, after the 1930s, and especially after the end of World War II , the use of the written Prekmurje Slovene steeply declined, but it has never been entirely abandoned. It has continued to be used by a broad range of people and, like other Slovene dialects, has retained its own special features that distinguish it from standard Slovene. Most Slovene speakers in

200-410: Is Lendava. Other significant rural centres are Beltinci , Turnišče , Dobrovnik , and Črenšovci . The majority of the inhabitants of the region are ethnic Slovenes . There are also sizable Hungarian and Romani minorities in the region. In 1921, the total population of the area numbered 92,295, including 74,199 Slovene speakers, 14,065 Hungarian speakers, and 2,540 German speakers. Since then,

240-777: Is a river in Central Europe rising in the Hohe Tauern national park of the Central Eastern Alps in Austria with its source at 1,898 m (6,227 ft) above sea level. It is a tributary of the Drava and subsequently the Danube . The Mur's total length is around 464 kilometres (288 mi). About 326 km are within the interior of Austria ; 95 km flow in and around Slovenia (67 km along

280-629: Is a municipality in Slovenia . The seat of the municipality is Dobrovnik ( Hungarian : Dobronak ). It is located in the Prekmurje region. It has a significant Hungarian ethnic community that outnumbers the Slovenes . Dobrovnik is one of the two municipalities in Slovenia where ethnic Slovenes form a minority of the population, the other being Hodoš ( Hungarian : Hodos ). In addition to

320-606: Is much weaker than that for Hungarian. The region is known for its distinctive cuisine. Among traditional dishes, the best known are a pork, turnip and millet casserole called bujta repa and a layered pastry called prekmurska gibanica . 46°42′0″N 16°12′0″E  /  46.70000°N 16.20000°E  / 46.70000; 16.20000 Mur (river) The Mur ( German pronunciation: [ˈmuːɐ̯] ) or Mura ( Slovene: [ˈmúːɾa] ; Croatian: [mǔːra] ; Hungarian: [ˈmurɒ] ; Prekmurje Slovene : Müra or Möra )

360-529: Is probably of Slavic origin, nominalized from the adjective * murъ 'dark', meaning 'dark water'. The river rises in a remote valley within the Lungau region of the Austrian state of Salzburg . The river flows eastwards through Tamsweg before crossing the border into the state of Styria . Between Tamsweg and Unzmarkt-Frauenburg the river flows through a rural mountain valley and is closely paralleled by

400-604: The Lendava district, which was part of Zala County until 1918. After the end of World War I and dissolution of Habsburg Monarchy, there was briefly an independent Hungarian state and a short-lived Republic of Prekmurje that emerged in the midst of the chaos of the Hungarian Revolution of 1919 . In 1918 the Catholic politicians and József Klekl aimed to create an autonomous entity or independent state, with

440-521: The Murščak , is located between Domašinec and Donji Hrašćan (derived from Croatian hrast ' oak '). After receiving its last significant tributary Trnava , the river ends near Legrad in Koprivnica-Križevci county , Croatia , where it flows into the river Drava . Since the 4th century BC, there have been reports of floating mills powered by the streams of the river. The ancient technology

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480-607: The Prlekija sub-region. Prekmurje is divided into 19 municipalities: The majority of the population of Prekmurje uses Slovene, either in its standard form or in the Prekmurje Slovene . Some of the local population speaks Hungarian or Romani . Before World War II , German was also present in the region, especially in some areas along the border with Austria. According to the Yugoslav census of 1931, just over 2% of

520-968: The Stone Age , it was later included into the Roman Empire and subsequently into the Odoacer 's Kingdom of Italy , the Kingdom of the Ostrogoths , the Kingdom of the Lombards , the Kingdom of the Avars , the Slavic state of Samo , the Frankish Empire , the Principality of Lower Pannonia (9th century), and Arnulf 's Kingdom of Carantania (9th-10th century). In the late 10th century it

560-664: The 16th and 17th centuries, the region was part of the Captaincy between Lake Balaton and the Drava River within the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary. For a short time, Beltinci , under the name Balatin , became the sanjak center of the Ottoman Kanije Province . In 1687, Vas and Zala counties were restored: with a small interruption from 1849 to 1867, most of Prekmurje belonged to Vas County except for

600-515: The 1930s, two-thirds of all Slovenian Jews lived in Prekmurje. Most of them died in the Holocaust , and many of the survivors made aliyah after the war. There is also a significant Romani presence in the region, with Prekmurje being one of the two major settlement areas of Slovenian Romani (the other being Lower Carniola ). The region has had a turbulent history: it has been inhabited since

640-526: The 65 km (40 mi) long narrow gauge Murtalbahn railway. From Unzmarkt the river continues in an easterly direction through the industrial towns of Leoben and Bruck an der Mur . At Bruck an der Mur the Mürz joins the Mur, which turns sharply south to flow through the city of Graz . The river flows through the centre of Graz, passing underneath the Schloßberg and by the historic Inner City . As

680-487: The 9th century, this area was part of the Slavic state known as the Principality of Lower Pannonia . The center of this state was in the city of Blatnograd near Lake Balaton . The principality was later dissolved and integrated in the Kingdom of Carantania established by the German Emperor Arnulf of Carinthia . This political entity in which all the ancestors of modern Slovenes were united under one ruler

720-533: The Slovenian government and is used as the second official language alongside Slovene. In these areas, all public signs are written in both languages, and primary and secondary education is bilingual . Some of the Roma population in the region have retained Romani . Slovenia recognizes Romani as a minority language , but this official recognition has very few consequences in practice. The legal protection of Romani

760-457: The Slovenian region of Prekmurje (literally 'across the Mur') and the Croatian region of Međimurje (literally 'between the Mur'). Cable ferries and ship mills are still found in this area. In the upper Međimurje area, in the western part of the region, the Mur floods and changes its course rather often, moving slowly toward the north on its left. Here, the biggest forest along the river,

800-825: The Slovenian-inhabited lands of Vas County in the Kingdom of Hungary and Austria-Hungary were known as the Slovene March or " Vendic March" (in Slovenian: Slovenska krajina , in Hungarian: Vendvidék ). The part of modern Prekmurje that belonged to Zala County (the area between Lendava , Kobilje and Beltinci ) was not considered to be a part of the Slovenian March. Until the early 19th century, this region of

840-662: The Zala County belonged ecclesiastically to the Archdiocese of Zagreb and in the legal documents of the Archdiocese it was called as "Transmurania" or "Prekmurje", that is the "territory on the other side of the Mur River". After 1919, this name was reintroduced, now for administrative purposes, by the new Yugoslav administration. It, however, did not gain much popularity among the locals. The name "Slovenian March"

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880-703: The borders with Austria and Croatia, 28 km inside Slovenia), and the rest forms the border between Croatia and Hungary . The largest city on the river is Graz , Austria. Its drainage basin covers an area of 14,109 km (5,448 sq mi). Tributaries of the Mur include the Mürz , the Sulm , the Ščavnica , the Ledava and the Trnava . The river was attested as Maura in AD 799, Muora in 890, Mura in 1259, Mvr and Mver in 1310, and Muer in 1354. The name

920-469: The eastern flatlands along the Mur River , known as Ravensko (literally, 'the flatlands'), and the western lowlands around Lendava , known as Dolinsko (literally, 'the lowlands'). Northeast of Lendava, there is a small hilly sub-region, known as the Lendava Hills ( Lendavske gorice ). The administrative and commercial seat of the region is the town of Murska Sobota . The only other major town

960-495: The name Slovenska krajina . On August 12, 1919, Yugoslav troops took control of the region, and it was incorporated into the newly established Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (renamed Yugoslavia in 1929). Between 1919 and 1922, the region belonged to Maribor county, between 1922 and 1929 to Maribor oblast , and between 1929 and 1941 to the Drava Banovina with Ljubljana as its capital. During World War II, it

1000-737: The number of Hungarian speakers has been falling slowly but steadily. The German-speaking community, which used to be concentrated in three villages near the Austrian border and in Murska Sobota, was either expelled from the area or assimilated after World War II . Since the early 1950s, Hungarian has had co-official status in the traditional settlement area of the Hungarian minority. Three municipalities are completely bilingual— Lendava ( Hungarian : Lendva ), Hodoš ( Hungarian : Őrihodos ), and Dobrovnik ( Hungarian : Dobronak )—and

1040-464: The population of Prekmurje. Three municipalities have a Lutheran majority ( Puconci , Gornji Petrovci , and Hodoš ), whereas in the Municipality of Moravske Toplice Lutherans comprise just under half of the population. Before World War II , there used to be a significant Jewish community as well, mostly concentrated in the towns of Murska Sobota and Lendava (see also Lendava Synagogue ). In

1080-518: The population of the region spoke German as their native language, and around 12% used Hungarian. After 1945, most of the German speakers either fled or were expelled, and the use of Hungarian has been in slow but constant decline since 1918. Prekmurje Slovene served as the regional language of the Prekmurje region and of the Slovenes in Hungary for a long time. It had a codified standard form and even

1120-627: The region was firstly included into the Hungarian Democratic Republic and subsequently into the Hungarian Soviet Republic . In 1919, it proclaimed independence as the short-lived Republic of Prekmurje and was subsequently included into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later known as Yugoslavia ). From 1941 to 1945, Prekmurje was temporarily occupied by the Axis Powers and in 1945 it

1160-410: The region, like elsewhere in Slovenia, thus live in a situation of diglossia . Although minority languages and the local dialect are still widely used in most spheres of private life, especially in rural areas, standard Slovene is used in education, media, and public life. Hungarian is used in some border areas, especially around Lendava . In the officially bilingual areas, Hungarian is recognized by

1200-465: The region. After World War II , this name replaced all previous designations. Nowadays, the older term Vendvidék still exists in Hungarian, but it is used only for the small settlement area of Hungarian Slovenes between Szentgotthárd and the Slovenian border that remained part of Hungary after 1919. The region is divided into three geographical subregions: the hilly area to the north of Murska Sobota , known as Goričko (literally, 'the uplands');

1240-401: The town of Leibnitz to its nearby confluence with the Sulm , where it adopts a more easterly course. Near Spielfeld , the river forms the border between Austria and Slovenia , a role it retains until just after the twin towns of Bad Radkersburg and Gornja Radgona , where it passes fully into Slovenia. In Slovenia it passes the towns of Radenci , and Veržej . The river gives its name to

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1280-495: The two municipalities of Šalovci and Moravske Toplice are only partially bilingual. Two municipalities, Hodoš and Dobrovnik, have a Hungarian majority. Prekmurje has traditionally been the most heterogeneous Slovene region regarding religious affiliation. Besides a Roman Catholic majority, there is a significant Protestant (mostly Lutheran ) minority, concentrated in the hills of the Goričko region, which represents 20 to 25% of

1320-705: Was occupied and annexed by the Kingdom of Hungary from 1941 to 1944 and by Nazi Germany between 1944 and 1945. Soviet troops took control of the area in May 1945. After the war it became part of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia , which was one of the newly formed republics of Yugoslavia . Prekmurje is part of the Mura Statistical Region , also known as Pomurje or the Mura Region, which includes two historical regions: Prekmurje and

1360-509: Was a focus of activity for many people since ancient times. Organized research and exploitation of gold and other local resources was encouraged for the first time in 1772. In Austria, several hydroelectric dams have been constructed for the production of electricity . In 2017, a hydroelectric dam was under construction in Puntigam, a few km south of the Graz city centre. The plan includes

1400-467: Was adopted later by arriving Slavs and then by Magyars . Several decades ago, in the 1920s and 1930s, many of these mills were still operating along the river. At least one of the old mills, the Babič Mill ( Slovene : Babičev mlin ) near Veržej , Slovenia, continues to operate to this day. The Mur is known to carry small quantities of gold , not enough to be suitable for exploitation today, but this

1440-468: Was divided between Vas County and Zala County . In the end of the 13th and beginning of the 14th century, during the collapse of the central power in the Kingdom of Hungary, the region was part of the domain of semi-independent oligarch Henrik Kőszegi . In 1526, the region of Prekmurje came under Habsburg administration, although some villages were under Ottoman administration during short periods between 1566 and 1688. During Habsburg administration in

1480-518: Was included into the new socialist Yugoslavia . Since 1991, it is part of an independent Slovenia . During the Roman administration, the region was part of the province of Pannonia . Although, earlier Slavic settlements had existed in the area, the ancestors of modern Slovenes moved from eastern Alps and settled in Prekmurje after the Franks defeated the Avars during the reign of Charlemagne . In

1520-717: Was invaded by the Hungarians and was under administration of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary until the 16th century, when former territories of this kingdom were divided between the Habsburg monarchy and the Ottoman Empire . Since then, Prekmurje was mostly under administration of the Habsburg Monarchy, with brief periods of Ottoman administration. Following the dissolution of the Habsburg monarchy in 1918,

1560-563: Was soon destroyed by the Hungarian invaders who conquered the Pannonian plain and who incorporated Prekmurje into the Kingdom of Hungary . The area inhabited by Slovenes shrank to the present extent by the end of the 12th century and has remained stable since. In the 11th century, during Hungarian administration, the region was part of the Kolon county. Between the 11th century and 1526, it

1600-483: Was still used by the local inhabitants until the mid-1920s, but was gradually replaced by the term "March of the Mur" (Slovenian: Murska krajina ). The current Hungarian name for Prekmurje, Muravidék , dates from the interwar period and is a translation of the Slovenian Murska krajina . From the mid-1930s onward, the name Prekmurje became widely used in the press and eventually became the most common name for

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