82-546: Ghulam Ishaq Khan (20 January 1915 – 27 October 2006), commonly known by his initials GIK , was a Pakistani bureaucrat, politician and statesman who served as the seventh president of Pakistan from 1988 to 1993. He previously served as Chairman of the Senate from 1985 to 1988 under president Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq , and was sworn in shortly after Zia's death . Raised in Bannu , Khan graduated from Peshawar University and entered
164-404: A PPP platform. Khan secured 608 votes in the elections, competing against four other candidates; he was also supported by the conservative IDA led by Nawaz Sharif . At the time of assuming the office of president, he became the oldest president of Pakistan. As president, Khan was marred with political struggle with Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto who attempted for pushing the bill to reverse
246-411: A Presidential Republic , giving all executive powers to the president. In 1973, the new Constitution established Parliamentary democracy and reduced the president's role to a ceremonial one. Nevertheless, the military takeover in 1977 reversed the changes. The 8th Amendment turned Pakistan into a semi-presidential republic and in the period between 1985 and 2007, the executive power was shared by
328-537: A nationalization in the 1970s. His policies and economic expertise ultimately resulted in the improvement in GDP and GNP progress, helping Pakistan's economy become among the fastest-growing in South Asia . He maintained his ties with the nuclear society and gave strong priority for the nuclear deterrence as channelling financial funds for the development of the atomic bomb projects. Khan gave tax free status to
410-473: A bout of pneumonia . President of Pakistan Azad Kashmir government Government of Gilgit-Baltistan Local government Constitution of Pakistan Territorial election commission Elections Provincial elections Territorial elections Political parties Provinces Autonomous region Customs Regional topics The President of Pakistan ( Urdu : صدرِ پاکستان , romanized : s̤adr-i Pākistān )
492-970: A controversial issue in the nation. The appointments of chiefs of staff in the command of the military was another issue where the President Khan was in conflict with the Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto in 1989. President Khan also confirmed Admiral Yastur-ul-Haq Malik as the Chief of Naval staff and raised no objections. Although, President Ghulam Ishaq Khan confirmed the nomination of Admiral Iftikhar Ahmed Sirohey as Chairman joint chiefs and General Mirza Aslam Beg as chief of army staff in 1988, President Khan notably used his presidential powers to retain Admiral Sirohey as Chairman joint chiefs and defused any attempts made by Prime Minister Bhutto for General Beg as
574-598: A hawkish role against Communist Afghanistan , while relations with the United States deteriorated following the Pressler amendment . Domestically, Khan's term faced challenges: ethnic riots flared in Karachi , and Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto accused him of frustrating her government as part of an alliance with conservative opposition leader Nawaz Sharif and the post-Zia military establishment. Khan invoked
656-727: A high position of power in the Pakistani Government is Kamran Khan Bangash and Shahzad Khan Bangash . Even the likes of Shahid Afridi , though not Bangash himself, is very close with many Bangash Pashtuns in Kohat and with the help of the local population, the Shahid Afridi Foundation was able to open a hospital in Kohat's Tangi Banda village. The Bangash also play a huge role in the arts, especially in music. Well known Bangash musicians include Musharaf Bangash, Zeb Bangash , and Usman Bangash. Saifullah Bangash
738-608: A steep economic and political decline under the British Company Raj , because the British colonial officers ordered to close the famed Farrukhabad mint and halt the bullion trade in 1824 as part of their policy to centralize the economy of India . The abolition of the mint dealt a heavy blow to the thriving grain trade and precipitated a monetary crisis in the urban and rural areas of the region. The Bangash Nawabs continued to rule Farrukhabad until they were defeated by
820-670: A strong Mughal force against him to the Bangash region. In 1599, Pir Jalala took Ghazni but it was quickly recovered by the Mughals. Pir Jalala was succeeded by his nephew Ahdad, who set up a base in Charkh , Logar , and attacked Mughal-held Kabul and Jalalabad several times between 1611 and 1615, but was unsuccessful. In 1626, Ahdad died during a Mughal attack in Tirah. In 1630, when Pir Roshan's great-grandson, Abdul Qadir, launched attacks on
902-587: A valley surrounded by mountains between Kohat and Hangu , the Bangash Pashtuns occupied the hills on both sides, surrounding the army. However, the Timurids successfully pushed the Pashtuns down towards a nearby detached hill, after which the Timurids surrounded them from all sides and got hold of them. About 100 to 200 Pashtuns were taken during the attack. On the next day, Babur reached Hangu, where
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#1732780625390984-477: Is ceremonial head of state, Prime Minister is head of executive, but this provision made President more powerful than Prime Minister and Prime Minister was made subordinate to President. If there is any misunderstanding or disagreement between President and Prime Minister, President may use these powers to dismiss Prime minister and to dissolve National Assembly. Pakistan's Parliamentary system was changed to Semi Presidential system. The Constitution of Pakistan sets
1066-555: Is part of the bicameral Parliament . Powers to exercise the authority are limited to the ceremonial figurehead , and required to address the Parliament to give a direction for national policies before being informed of its key decisions. In addition, the president is also a civil commander-in-chief of the Pakistan Armed Forces , with chairman joint chiefs being its chief military adviser to maintain
1148-785: Is required to make and subscribe in the presence of the chief justice —, an oath or affirmation that the president shall protect, preserve and defend the Constitution as follows: I, (The name of the President-elect), do solemnly swear that I am a Muslim and believe in the Unity, and Oneness of Almighty Allah , the Books of Allah , the Holy Qur'an being the last of them, the Prophethood of Muhammad ( peace be upon him ) as
1230-656: Is taken up for consideration. Bangash The Bangash, Bungish, Bangaš or Bangakh ( Pashto : بنګښ ) are a tribe of Pashtuns , inhabiting their traditional homeland, the Bangash district which stretches from Kohat to Tall in Hangu and Spīn Ghar , Kurram in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan . They also live as a smaller population in Dera Ismail Khel , Bannu while also a smaller population of Bangash inhabit mainly Gardez , Paktia and around
1312-534: Is the head of state of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan . The president is the nominal head of the executive and the supreme commander of the Pakistan Armed Forces . The presidency is a ceremonial position in Pakistan. The president is bound to act on advice of the prime minister and cabinet. Asif Ali Zardari is the current president since 10 March 2024. The office of president was created upon
1394-464: The Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI). In 1983, Khan was among the invited secret dignitaries who witnessed the first Cold fission test , Kirana-I ; along with attendees General Zahid Ali (E-in-C ) , General KM Arif (COAS) , AVM MJ O'Brian (AOC) ), and Munir Ahmad (Chair PAEC ) . In 1984, Khan supported the referendum for Islamization held by President Zia . After
1476-668: The Chief Martial Law Administrator (CMLA). A team of economic experts and technocrats were assembled in the management of Khan, giving him the authority over the Planning Commission , Economic Coordination Committee , and Executive Committee of the Space Research Council . Khan worked towards controlling the national economy while harnessing the damaged Private sector . In 1977, Khan endorsed General Haq's bid for becoming
1558-547: The Constitution of Pakistan . The impeachment process may start in either of the two houses of the Parliament. The house initiates the process by leveling the charges against the president. The charges are contained in a notice that has to be signed by either the chairman or the speaker of the National Assembly through a two-thirds majority. The notice is sent up to the president, and 14 days later it
1640-550: The Eighth Amendment and dismissed Benazir's government after just 20 months, on charges of rampant corruption and misgovernance . Sharif was elected Prime Minister in 1990 , but Khan dismissed his government on similar charges three years later. The Supreme Court overturned the dismissal, but the gridlock ultimately led to both men resigning in 1993. He was the founder of his namesake Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute . Retiring from public service, Khan served as rector of
1722-579: The Eighth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan . Furthermore, Khan was in a conflict with Prime Minister Bhutto in two areas; the appointment of the military chiefs of staff and the Justices of the Supreme Court of Pakistan . Khan consolidated his position in controlling the nuclear deterrence program, keeping all the control over its direction. Problems arose when Prime Minister Bhutto made contact with Munir Ahmad and Abdul Qadeer Khan over
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#17327806253901804-577: The Engineer-in-Chief in 1980. Khan cemented close relations with Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan and Munir Ahmad Khan , and remained Qadeer Khan's staunch loyal. His involvement and support earned him the nickname " Mr Nuke " by the U.S. diplomats, while the new media dubbed him as " Baba Atom Bomb ". On the contrary, Khan did not have the directorial role in the atomic bomb program until Munir Ahmad Khan retired. However, he maintained complete logistic and operational control over ERL project from
1886-532: The GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology in his native province, dying from pneumonia in 2006. He is viewed contentiously by Pakistani historians; he is credited with personal austerity , but criticized for wielding an autocratic presidency that ousted two governments. Ghulam Ishaq Khan was born in Ismail Khel , a rural locality on the outskirts of Bannu District , both villages in
1968-513: The Hilal-i-Imtiaz medal in recognition of Nawab's work in establishing Khan Research Laboratories . Later, in the 1980s Khan helped consolidate the efforts at ERL under Lt. Gen. Zahid Ali Akbar as its first military director. He approved the survey by field officer, Brigadier Akbar in 1976. Khan also helped secure the funds for the ERL and lobbying for General Akbar 's promotion as
2050-639: The Indian Civil Service , opting for Pakistan after the independence in 1947. Appointed the first chairman of the Water and Power Development Authority by President Ayub Khan in 1961, Ghulam Ishaq also served as Finance Secretary from 1966 to 1970. A year later, he was appointed Governor of the State Bank by President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto , before being made Defence Secretary in 1975, assisting with Pakistan's atomic bomb programme . He
2132-520: The Lōya Paktia region of Afghanistan . According to a narrative, the Bangash tribe descended from a man named Ismail, who is described as a governor of Multan whose 11th-generation ancestor was Khalid ibn al-Walid , the famous Arab commander of the Islamic prophet Muhammad , But they are most likely descended from their Tribe Name Originator Banga who was a friend of Sikandar Shah (Orakzai) became
2214-782: The Marathas . Ahmad Khan practised the Utara , a peculiarity of Indian Muslim horsemen, which was the act of dismounting and fighting on foot in times of crisis, which the Hindustanis such as the Sadaat-e-Bara considered to be proof of exceptional bravery, something ridiculed by the Persian counterparts. Because of its reputation as a centre of commerce and finance, Farrukhabad began to attract new Pashtun immigrants from Afghanistan . However, Bangash-held Farrukhabad suffered from
2296-638: The North-West Frontier Province of the British Indian Empire , now Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Province , Pakistan . He was a Pashtun of the Bangash tribe. His family remains active in politics; his son-in-law is former federal minister Anwar Saifullah Khan while another son-in-law is former Sindh minister and advisor, Irfanullah Khan Marwat . A granddaughter of his, Samar Haroon Bilour , was married to Haroon Bilour of
2378-477: The President of Pakistan , who tightened the grip of martial law in the country . In the 1980s, Khan backed the implementation of the economic Islamization by introducing the risk-free interest rate system as well as establishing the corporatization in the industrial sector . Khan managed the revenue collection and provided the modern shape in the state–owned enterprises (SOEs) that were established in
2460-595: The State Bank to the Ministry of Defence as Defence Secretary . It was a fortuitous move in that it brought him into close contact with the Pakistani military establishment and enabled him to closely manage the nuclear weapons program. Though an unusual assignment for a financial expert, this appointment made him a powerful bureaucrat in the country. During that time, Khan became closer to General Zia-ul-Haq and had later coveted for General Zia-ul-Haq 's appointment as
2542-474: The United States . Soon after assuming the presidency, President Ghulam Ishaq Khan's conflict arise with Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto's invalid and inappropriate appointments in nation's court system , which were primarily political rather than meeting merit. Many of Benazir government 's recommendations for judicial appointments were voided and the judicial appointments made by the President himself became
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2624-727: The chief of army staff . As Defence Secretary, he helped manage Pakistan's atomic bomb project and had been directly associated with the program. Khan was a vehement support of the program and saw it as a "national priory". He backed the advocacy of theorist Abdul Qadeer Khan and helped establishing the Engineering Research Laboratories in Kahuta . He headed the Uranium Coordination Board (UCB) which consisted of AGN Kazi , Munir Ahmad and Agha Shahi . Khan recommended S A Nawab for
2706-528: The civilian control of the Pakistani military. After a thorough confirmation comes from the prime minister , the president confirms the judicial appointments in the national court system . In addition, the Constitution allows the president to grant pardons, reprieves, and clemency in cases recommended to him by the executive and the judiciary . The president himself has absolute constitutional immunity from criminal and civil proceedings, and no proceedings can be initiated or continued against him during
2788-509: The general elections in 1993, he supported Nawaz Sharif as the Prime Minister and his IDA government. Problems with Sharif arose with the issue of reversing the Eighth Amendment when Sharif tried to pass the bill. Eventually, he used the same Amendment to dismiss Sharif's government on similar charges. However, Sharif retaliated by bringing a lawsuit against him in the Supreme Court of Pakistan . President Khan's attempt to use
2870-602: The non-partisan general elections held in 1985, Khan was succeeded by Mahbub ul Haq – an economist. Khan decided to participate in the upcoming indirect senate elections as an independent . In 1985, he became the Chairman of the Senate and remained intact in that capacity until 1988. After the controversial and mysterious aviation accident occurred in Bahawalpur , Khan appeared on national television and announced
2952-479: The proclamation of Islamic Republic on 23 March 1956. The then serving governor-general , Major General Iskander Mirza , assumed office as the first president. Following the 1958 coup d'etat , the office of prime minister was abolished, leaving the Presidency as the most powerful office in the country. This position was further strengthened when the 1962 Constitution was adopted. It turned Pakistan into
3034-766: The ANP and another to Omar Ayub Khan , the grandson of former military dictator Ayub Khan and son of politician Gohar Ayub Khan . After his schooling in Bannu , Khan first attended the Islamia College before making transfer to Peshawar University . He obtained double BSc , in Chemistry and in Botany . Initially looking for a university job, Khan joined the Indian Civil Service in 1941, serving in various provincial assignments on behalf of British India . After independence in 1947, Khan opted for Pakistan and
3116-567: The Bangash Pashtuns had fortified a sangar on the top of a hill. The Timurid army immediately captured it and beheaded about 100 to 200 more Pashtuns, setting up another tower of heads. From Hangu, the Timurid army marched to Tall . The soldiers set out to plunder the Bangash Pashtuns of the neighborhood. Afterwards, the Timurids marched from Bangash to Bannu on the Kurram River , where they set up their third pillar of severed heads. In
3198-829: The Bangash Pathans in India prefer to marry within their own tribe, or marry with other Pathans. Despite the Karrani dynasty and its rule in modern-day Bangladesh, there are very little number of descendants of Bangash in the country. This is because unlike in Pakistan and Afghanistan, the descendants of Bangash have mixed with the local population. The Bangash descent Pathans of Bangladesh are Muhajirs that migrated from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar to East Pakistan . The Bangash Pashtuns in Pakistan are very active socially and politically, and hold many government positions, both locally and federally. The most recent Bangash Pashtuns to hold
3280-638: The Bangash Pathans of India speak either Hindi or Urdu . They are mostly found in Uttar Pradesh and mostly in the cities of Farrukhabad, Lucknow, and Gorakhpur. The descendants of the first Nawab of Farrukhabad , Muhammad Khan Bangash , have also been found in cities as far as Allahabad and Varanasi . Other Bangash descendants in India are also present in Bihar. There are around 30,000 descendants of Bangash in India but other researchers give estimates of around 70,000. Just like in Pakistan and Afghanistan,
3362-566: The British at Kannauj on 23 October 1857 during the War of Independence . Today, many Bangash are settled in Uttar Pradesh, most notably in Farrukhabad. The Orakzai tribe is historically closely related to the Bangash; their traditional homeland ( Orakzai District ) was part of Bangash district. In 1723, Dost Mohammad Khan , who belonged to the Orakzai tribe and was formerly a mercenary in
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3444-624: The Eighth Amendment was deemed illegal by the Court and Sharif was reinstated as the Prime Minister. The political deadlock persisted and after the joint intervention of the judiciary and the military , both Khan and Sharif were forced to resign. In 1988, Khan founded the Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology , which runs programmes in engineering, science and technology. The university
3526-782: The Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the law, and always in the interest of the sovereignty, integrity, solidarity, well- being and prosperity of Pakistan: That I will not allow my personal interest to influence my official conduct or my official decisions: That I will preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: That, in all circumstances, I will do right to all manner of people, according to law, without fear or favour, affection or ill- will: And that I will not directly or indirectly communicate or reveal to any person any matter which shall be brought under my consideration or shall become known to me as President of Pakistan, except as may be required for
3608-598: The Mughal army in Peshawar , thousands of Pashtuns from the Bangash, Afridi , Mohmand , Kheshgi , Yusufzai , and other tribes took part. The Roshanis failed in the attack, but continued their resistance against the Mughals throughout the 17th century. Khwaja Muhammad Bangash, who belonged to the Bangash tribe, was a famous 17th-century Pashto Sufi poet and mystic associated with the Roshani movement. The Karrani dynasty
3690-685: The Mughal army, founded the Bhopal State in the present-day Madhya Pradesh state of central India. After his death in 1728, his descendants, the Nawabs of Bhopal , continued ruling the state. Between 1819 and 1926, the state was ruled by four women – the Nawab Begums – unique in the royalty of those days. The third Nawab Begum of Bhopal, Shah Jahan Begum (1868–1901), built the Taj Mahal palace at Bhopal as her residence. Hamidullah Khan ,
3772-417: The Mughals. However, the Pashtuns and the local landlords known as Baro Bhuyans led by Isa Khan continued to resist the Mughal invasion. Later in 1612 during the reign of Jahangir , Bengal was finally integrated as a Mughal province. Muhammad Khan Bangash , who belonged to the Kaghazai line of Bangash tribe, became the first Nawab of Farrukhabad in 1713 in Uttar Pradesh , India . Being illiterate, he
3854-402: The President was the Chairman of the National Security Council who had authority and control over the nuclear and strategic arsenals ; however, the chairmanship and the powers transferred back to the prime minister . Furthermore, the presidential powers have significantly declined with Pakistan's government reversed to a parliamentary democratic republic . Before 18th Amendment to
3936-420: The advice of Prime Minister Sharif, he confirmed Air Chief Marshal Farooq Feroze as Chief of Air Staff of Pakistan Air Force . As economic and law and order crises deepened, Khan used the Eighth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan to dismiss Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto 's government over corruption charges and deteriorating law and order situation and called fresh elections. After holding
4018-399: The capital from Gaur to Tandah (also in Malda district) in 1565. In 1568, Sulaiman Khan annexed Orissa to the Karrani sultanate. Sulaiman Khan's authority extended from Cooch Behar to Puri , and from Son River to Brahmaputra River . On 25 September 1574, the Mughal Empire captured the Karrani capital Tandah. The Battle of Tukaroi fought on 3 March 1575 forced Daud Khan Karrani ,
4100-443: The chairmanship to be appointed as the Federal Finance Secretary to the Government of Pakistan until 1970, which he relinquished to incoming Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto . After Pakistan's loss to India in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 , Khan was called to administer all retail and commercial services pertaining to the national economy tattered by war. In 1971, Bhutto appointed him Governor of State Bank of Pakistan when he
4182-532: The cities of Kohat and Hangu in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, as well as the Kurram Valley and Peshawar . In Afghanistan, they will be found in the districts that make up the historic " Loya Paktia " region, including Paktia , Paktika , and Khost . Between both Pakistan and Afghanistan, there are around 800,000 Bangash Pashtuns, with around 780,000 in Pakistan alone. Descendants of Bangash are found in India as well but are rather than being referred to as "Pashtuns", they are known as Pathans . Instead of speaking Pashto,
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#17327806253904264-474: The city. The superior quality of the Farrukhabad currency, both gold and silver, was well known in the eighteenth century as it became the most trustworthy and hardest currency of northern India. Ahmad Shah Durrani (1747–1772), the founder of the Afghan Durrani Empire , preferred coins made at the Farrukhabad mint. The third Nawab of Farrukhabad, Ahmad Khan Bangash , took part in the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761 and supported Ahmad Shah Durrani to defeat
4346-502: The closely related Orakzais and Turis , are the only Pashtun tribes with Shia populations. The Shia Bangash are more concentrated around Upper Kurram and certain areas of Hangu in areas like Usterzai , while the Sunni Bangash are more concentrated around Lower Kurram Central Kurram as well as Thall and Bannu . The Bangash are primarily found in Pakistan, with a sizeable population also found in Afghanistan. The Bangash Pashtuns can be found all over Pakistan but majority reside in
4428-422: The closest to the ruler of Kohat. After the ruler died he tried to secure the throne and betrayed his childhood best friend Sikandar Shah (Ancestor of Orakzais) as written in the Book History of Pathans, by Haroon Rashid, Volume-IV p-52). According to the legend, Ismail moved from Multan to settle in Gardez , Paktia , while his wife was from Farmul in Urgun , Paktika . Ismail had two sons, Gār and Sāmil, who were
4510-531: The constitution 2010, President was quite powerful. He had constitutional authority to choose and appoint Prime Minister in his discretion who got majiorty votes from National Assembly. Due to Article 58-2(b) he had authority to dissolve National Assembly in his discretion when Government of Federation cannot be carried according to provisions of Constitution. President Zia Ul Haq , Ghulam Ishaq Khan and Farooq Leghari used this constitutional provision to dissolve elected Prime Minister's Government. The President
4592-489: The death of General Zia-ul-Haq. According to the Constitution of Pakistan , Khan was the second in the line of succession to the President of Pakistan . However, General Mirza Aslam Beg called out for the general elections in 1988. Until the elections, Khan served as an acting president in accordance with the Constitutional rules of succession. Reaching the mutual understanding with the leftist Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP), Khan participated in presidential elections on
4674-462: The due discharge of my duties as President. May Allah Almighty help and guide me (Ameen). The Constitution discusses the possibility of an acting president. Certain office-holders, however, are permitted to stand as presidential candidates in case of vacancy as the constitution does not include a position of vice president: The president may be removed before the expiry of the term through impeachment . The president can be removed for violation of
4756-414: The last Karrani ruler, to withdraw to Orissa. The battle led to the Treaty of Katak in which Daud ceded the whole of Bengal and Bihar, retaining only Orissa. Daud Khan, however, later invaded Bengal, declaring independence from Mughal emperor Akbar . The Mughal onslaught against the Karrani sultanate ended with the Battle of Rajmahal on 12 July 1576, during which Daud Khan was captured and later executed by
4838-400: The last of the Prophets and that there can be no Prophet after him , the Day of Judgment , and all the requirements and teachings of the Holy Quran and Sunnah : That I will bear true faith and allegiance to Pakistan: That, as President of Pakistan, I will discharge my duties, and perform my functions, honestly, to the best of my ability, faithfully in accordance with the Constitution of
4920-490: The last sovereign Nawab of the dynasty, officially acceded the state to India in 1949. The Bangash speak a northern or "harder" variant of Pashto similar to that of the Afridi dialect and the Bangash of Kurram speak similar to of the Mangal Pashtuns, but slightly differing in some lexicographical and phonetic features. The Bangash follow the religion of Islam , split almost evenly between Twelver Shia Muslims and Hanafi Sunni Muslims . The Bangash, along with
5002-449: The new chairman joint chiefs to control the military. In 1990, President Ghulam Ishaq Khan reportedly denied the term extension of General Mirza Aslam Beg despite Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif 's urging. He also raised objections and further vetoed the appointment of Lieutenant-General Hamid Gul , former DG ISI , as Chief of Army Staff of Pakistan Army . Instead, he favoured appointing General Asif Nawaz as Chief of Army Staff. On
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#17327806253905084-401: The office of the president in a special session. Voting takes place in secrecy. Each elector casts a different number of votes. The general principle is that the total number of votes cast by members of Parliament equals the total number of votes cast by provincial legislators. Each of the provincial legislatures has an equal number of votes to each other, based on the number of members of
5166-474: The president and prime minister. The 18th Amendment in 2010 restored Parliamentary Democracy in the country, and reduced the presidency to a ceremonial position. The constitution prohibits the president from directly running the government . Instead, the executive power is exercised on his behalf by the prime minister who keeps him informed on all matters of internal and foreign policy , as well as all legislative proposals. The Constitution however, vests
5248-409: The president to be a " Muslim of not less than forty five (45) years of age". The president resides in an estate in Islamabad known as Aiwan-e-Sadar (President's House). In his absence, the chairman of Senate exercises the responsibilities of the post, until the actual president resumes office, or the next office holder is elected . There have been a total of 14 presidents . The first president
5330-400: The president with the powers of granting pardons, reprieves , and the control over military ; however, all appointments at higher commands of the military must be made by the President on a "required and necessary" basis, upon consultation and approval from the prime minister. The president is indirectly elected by the Electoral College for a five-year term. The Constitution requires
5412-427: The principle qualifications that the candidate must meet to be eligible to the office of the president. A president has to be: Whenever the Aiwan-e-Sadr becomes vacant, the selection of president is done by the electoral college , which consists of both houses of Parliament (the Senate and National Assembly ) and the four provincial assemblies . The chief election commissioner has to conduct elections to
5494-415: The progenitors of the modern Gari and Samilzai clans of the Bangash, respectively. According to a popular folk etymology , the name Bangash , Bungish or Bangakh is derived from bon-kash ( بنکش ), which is Persian for "root drawer" or "root destroyer," implying that during battles, the Bangash would not rest until they destroy the opponent. During the early modern period , the Bangash homeland
5576-449: The program's direction, which frustrated Khan. Economic growth slowed down and introduction of the US Embargo on Pakistan caused a great economic panic in the country. In the 1990s, Khan and Bhutto failed to arrest the 30% fall in the value of ₨. from 21 to 30 to the US $ . Khan struggled to control the law and order in the country after witnessing the Soviet troops ' withdrawal from Afghanistan . Although, he maintained an ally of
5658-426: The second half of the 16th century, the Bangash tribe joined the Roshani movement of Pir Roshan , an ethnic Ormur , who migrated with his family and few of his disciples from Waziristan to Tirah . The Roshanis rebelled against the Mughal emperor Akbar , who constantly sent punitive expeditions to crush the movement. After Pir Roshan's death, the movement was led by his youngest son Pir Jalala. In 1587, Akbar sent
5740-499: The smallest legislature, which is the Balochistan Assembly (65 seats). The constitution further states that election to the office of president will not be held earlier than sixty days and not later than thirty days before the expiration of the term of the president in office. The president is elected indirectly for a term of five years. The incumbent president is eligible for re-election to that office, but cannot hold that office for more than two consecutive terms. The president
5822-574: The term of his office. There shall be a President of Pakistan who shall be the Head of State and shall represent the "unity of the Republic." Article 232: Emergency due to war, external or internal disturbance: Article 233: Suspension of Fundamental Rights: Article 234: Emergency due to the breakdown of constitutional machinery: Article 235: Financial Emergency: President can impose governor rule in any province. He can run provincial government directly. He can use emergency powers on advice of Prime Minister and cabinet. From 2000 until 2009,
5904-461: The time of its inception using Major General S A Nawab who reported to Ghulam Ishaq at the Ministry of Defence. After Munir Ahmad Khan took retirement from Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), President Ghulam Ishaq Khan eventually consolidated the entire program under the civic-military control, and supervised the classified projects of the program. After Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
5986-417: Was Iskander Ali Mirza who entered office on 23 March 1956. The current office holder is Asif Ali Zardari , who took charge on 9 March 2024, following his controversial victory in the 2024 elections . The official residence and principal workplace of the president is Aiwan-e-Sadr — the presidential palace located in northeastern Islamabad . The presidency forms the vital institutional organ of state and
6068-545: Was assigned to the bureaucracy of the provincial government of North-West Frontier Province in 1947. He took over the provincial secretariat as the secretary of the irrigation department, which he held until 1955. In 1956, Khan was appointed in the provincial government of Sindh as the Home Secretary , but was later appointed Secretary of Department of Development and Irrigation by the Sindh government. In 1958, he
6150-593: Was elevated to federal government level, and assigned to the secretariat control of the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), an appointment approved by the President Ayub Khan. Since 1958, Khan had been serving on the Board of Governors of the Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA), before being elevated to chairman in 1961. As Chairman, he played a vital role in the construction and financial development of Mangla Dam and Warsak Dam . In 1966, Khan left
6232-610: Was established with the financial support from the BCCI . He invited A Q Khan who took the professorship of physics and delegated Asghar Qadir , a PAEC mathematician , to take professorship in mathematics. He again negotiated with the PPP for the presidency but eventually dropped as a candidate in favour of Farooq Leghari in general elections held in 1993. He retired from the national politics and avoided contact with international and domestic news media . He died on 27 October 2006, after
6314-592: Was founded in 1564 by Taj Khan Karrani , a Karlani Pashtun hailing from the Kurram valley in Bangash district. It was the last dynasty to rule the Bengal Sultanate . Taj Khan Karrani was formerly an employee of the Sur Pashtun emperor, Sher Shah Suri . His capital was at Gaur (in present-day Malda district , West Bengal , India). He was succeeded by his brother Sulaiman Khan Karrani , who shifted
6396-516: Was known as "Bangash district and was ruled by the Khan Of Hangu since 1540 which is well documented " Babur , a Timurid (and later Mughal ) ruler from Fergana (in present-day Uzbekistan ) who captured Kabul in 1504 , described Bangash district in his Baburnama as one of the 14 tūmān of Kabul province. In 1505, after plundering Kohat for two days, Babur's Timurid army marched southwest to raid Bangash district. As they reached
6478-586: Was ousted in a staged coup d'état in 1977, Khan played a crucial role in the event of stabilizing chief of army staff General Zia-ul-Haq , in Bhutto 's capacity. After meeting with the military leadership at the JS HQ , Khan reportedly marked that: "this action was going to harm the country, but since it could not be reversed, they should do their best to salvage whatever they could." He was immediately elevated as Finance Minister by General Zia-ul-Haq , who acted as
6560-532: Was retained by President Zia-ul-Haq as Finance Minister in 1977, overseeing the country's highest GDP growth average. Elected Chairman of the Senate in 1985, Khan was elevated to the presidency after Zia's death in an air crash on 17 August 1988. He was elected president on 13 December, as the consensus candidate of the Islami Jamhoori Ittehad and Pakistan People's Party . The oldest person to serve as president, Ghulam Ishaq Khan played
6642-474: Was tasked to formulate and administer monetary and credit policy in accordance with Government policy with influence of socialism . In the latter position, he questioned the wisdom of many of the economic policies of then- Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto who was keen to intensify his nationalization and socialist influence in the financial institutions that marked the slow down of the economy. In 1975, Prime Minister Bhutto transferred him from Governor of
6724-468: Was unable to understand a single word of Persian , Turki or Pashto . He named the city after then Mughal emperor Farrukhsiyar . The Bangash Nawabs encouraged merchants and bankers to come and settle in Farrukhabad for the promotion of commercial activities. Very important in this respect was the establishment of the Farrukhabad mint , which apart from being an emblem of sovereignty , stimulated bullion imports and attracted numerous bankers to work in
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