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80-520: The Presidential Security Command, ( PSC ) formerly known as Presidential Security Group (PSG) , is a Philippine close protection agency. It is the primary agency concerned with providing close-in security and escort to the President of the Philippines , their immediate families, former presidents of the Philippines as well as visiting heads of state. The PSC is stationed at Malacañang Palace ,
160-682: A fake vehicle checkpoint. On September 26, 2017, a PSG officer was found dead inside the Malacañang complex with a gunshot wound to the chest. In January 2024, the Department of National Defense officially disclosed that the Presidential Security Group (PSG) was expanded from a group to a command, now officially known again as the Presidential Security Command (PSC), restoring the setup of
240-612: A likewise revolutionary constitution . Consequently, this government is today officially considered to be the proper "first republic" and is also called the Malolos Republic , after its capital Malolos in Bulacan ; its congress (formally "National Assembly") and constitution are commonly known as the Malolos Congress and Malolos Constitution as well. Like all of its predecessors and would-be successors until
320-469: A mark of cultural respect. The Constitution provides the following oath or affirmation for the president and vice president-elect which must be taken before they enter into office: "I, (name), do solemnly swear [or affirm], that I will faithfully and conscientiously fulfill my duties as President [or Vice-President or Acting President] of the Philippines. Preserve and defend its Constitution, execute its laws, do justice to every man, and consecrate myself to
400-399: A more unified attempts to create the municipality by the provincial leadership has led the passing of House Bill No. 4805 sponsored by the then Assemblyman Salipada K. Pendatun. The declaration of martial law in the same year deterred its creation. This did not however, dampen the hope of the great leaders of Magpet. The EDSA Revolution that took place in 1986 paved way to another attempt of
480-569: A national Tagalog Republic, and Malvar continued the Philippine Republic which was the culmination of several governments headed by Emilio Aguinaldo that superseded Bonifacio's, Malvar taking over after Aguinaldo's capture. Nevertheless, there are still calls, including from a descendant of Bonifacio, to let Bonifacio be recognized by the current government as the first Philippine president. In 1993, historians Milagros Guerrero, Emmanuel Encarnacion and Ramon Villegas petitioned before
560-641: Is being shared by Kidapawan, Davao, and four other towns. Under the provision of the Act, it had to elect its new officials in local election on May 11, 1992. The then Vice Mayor Ebon overwhelmingly got the mandate as the first Municipal Mayor, while David B. Figura, Sr. was the first Vice Mayor. Ebon spent three terms as municipal mayor, as did David B. Figura, Sr. (who died before his last term ended). In Kabalantian (at that time part of Magpet), on January 2–3, 1986, atrocities took place where six individuals were killed and houses were burned down, reportedly by members of
640-609: Is considered to be the 16th president. While the government may consider Aguinaldo as the first president, the First Republic fell under the United States' jurisdiction due to the 1898 Treaty of Paris which ended the Spanish–American War ; the United States thus does not consider his tenure to have been legitimate. Manuel L. Quezon is considered to be the first president by the United States when they gave
720-556: Is derived from the Manobo term “ ara ” which means abundance of natural resources in the valley and “ kan ” which means heroism, bravery and valor of the early Manobo leaders and settlers of the area. The word “ arakan ” then was named referring to one of the rivers of the valley. Arakan is basically a territory of a number of ethno-linguistic groups, predominantly of the Manobo-Kulamanon and Manobo-Tinananon tribes. The names of
800-594: Is limited to a single six-year term. No one who has served more than four years of a presidential term is allowed to run or serve again. The current president of the Philippines is Bongbong Marcos , who was sworn in on June 30, 2022, at the National Museum of Fine Arts (formerly the Legislative Building). The official title of the Philippine head of state and government is "President of
880-413: Is one of the granddaughter municipalities of Kidapawan . It was created by virtue of Republic Act No. 7152 , approved by President Corazon Aquino on August 30, 1991; constituting 18 barangays separated from Magpet . The seat of government was designated at Barangay Greenfield. The separation caused Kidapawan to eventually lose all its borders with Davao Region , excluding Mount Apo which
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#1732780967666960-561: The EDSA Revolution of 2001 that removed Joseph Estrada from office. The dress code at the modern inaugural ceremony is traditional, formal Filipino clothing, which is otherwise loosely termed Filipiniana . Ladies must wear baro't saya (the formal wear of other indigenous groups is permissible), while men don the barong tagalog . Non-Filipinos at the ceremony may wear their respective versions of formal dress, but foreign diplomats have often been seen donning Filipiniana as
1040-867: The Office of the President . The president also exercises general supervision over local government units. The president has the power to give executive issuances , which are means to streamline the policy and programs of an administration. There are six issuances that the President may issue, as defined in the Administrative Code of 1987: executive orders, administrative orders, proclamations, memorandum orders, memorandum circulars, and general or special orders. The president has power to grant reprieves, commutations and pardons, and remit fines and forfeitures after conviction by final judgment, except in cases of impeachment. The president can grant amnesty with
1120-675: The Tejeros Convention in Tejeros, Cavite . The new government was meant to replace the Katipunan . It variously called itself the "Philippine Republic" (Spanish: Republica Filipina ), "Republic of the Philippines" (Spanish: Republica de Filipinas ) and "Government of All Tagalogs" or "Government of the Whole Tagalog Nation/People" (Filipino: Pamahalaan ng Sangkatagalugan ). Months later, Aguinaldo
1200-627: The Treaty of Paris of 1898 , signed in December of that year. The Philippine–American War broke out between the United States and Aguinaldo's government. His government effectively ceased to exist on April 1, 1901, after he pledged allegiance to the United States following his capture by U.S. forces in March. The current government of the Republic of the Philippines considers Emilio Aguinaldo to be
1280-745: The United States Navy sailed for the Philippines. At the Battle of Manila Bay on May 1, 1898, the American Navy decisively defeated the Spanish Navy . Aguinaldo subsequently returned to the Philippines aboard a U.S. Navy vessel and renewed the revolution. He formed a dictatorial government on May 24, 1898, and issued the Philippine Declaration of Independence on June 12, 1898. During this brief period he took
1360-430: The citizens of the Philippines and is one of only two nationally elected executive officials, the other being the vice president of the Philippines . However, four vice presidents have assumed the presidency without having been elected to the office, by virtue of a president's intra-term death or resignation. Filipinos generally refer to their president as pangulo or presidente in their local language. The president
1440-447: The vice president takes the oath first, a little before noon for two reasons. First, according to protocol, no one follows the president (who is last due to his supremacy), and second, to establish a constitutionally valid successor before the president-elect accedes. During Quezon 's inauguration, however, the vice president and legislature were sworn in after the president, to symbolize a new start. Custom has enshrined three places as
1520-469: The "freedom constitution" that initially replaced the 1973 Constitution. This provisional constitution was done as Aquino was installed as president through revolutionary means. Proclamation No. 3 abrogated many of the provisions of the then 1973 Constitution, including the provisions associated with the Marcos regime, which gave the president legislative powers, as well as the unicameral legislature called
1600-573: The 1898 Declaration of Independence). The president of the Philippines , being the chief executive, serves as both the head of state and head of government of the Philippines . The constitution vests the executive power with the president who consequently heads the government's executive branch, including the Cabinet and all executive departments . There are also government agencies that report to no specific department but are instead under
1680-575: The 1930s. Massive clearing of the forest areas became the order of these years for agricultural and settlement purposes. Due to these activities, the Manobos were forced to settle in the inner portions away from those areas occupied by the Bisayans. They were pushed further still and they permanently inhabited the highlands of the valley to avoid social and cultural interactions with the migrant Bisayans. Early attempts to fully develop Arakan dated back in
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#17327809676661760-489: The 1935 Commonwealth of the Philippines , the First Philippine Republic was short-lived and never internationally recognized , and never controlled or was universally recognized by the entire area covered by the current republic, though it (and they) claimed to represent and govern the entire Philippine archipelago and all its people. The Philippines was transferred from Spanish to American control by
1840-537: The 1970s when then Mayor Froilan Matas of the Municipality of Magpet (mother municipality of Arakan) unified his efforts with the Sangguniang Bayan, which was ably supported by the barangay leaders, and its populace led by Greenfield (now Poblacion) Barangay Chairman Aproniano A. Ebon, Sr. through a resolution strongly manifesting its support to the creation of a separate municipality of Arakan. In 1972,
1920-549: The 1st Cavalry Regiment of the 1st Infantry Division , Philippine Army , raised the same year, was tasked with defending President Manuel Quezon , his family, and the palace complex. On May 22, 1938, they were joined by the Malacanang Guards, made up of a company organized into two to three platoons with a little over a hundred members, to reinforce the President's security. During the Second World War ,
2000-928: The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) activated the Vice Presidential Security and Protection Group (VPSPG), which is a separate unit from the PSG for the security of Sara Duterte . In July 2024, VPSPG will be totally integrated with the Presidential Security Command after 75 personnel of the Police Security and Protection Group (PSPG) assigned to the VPSPG were transferred to the National Capital Region Police Office . The role of
2080-547: The Batasang Pambansa (literally National Legislature in Filipino). The proclamation retained only parts of the 1973 Constitution that were essential for a return to democratic rule, such as the bill of rights. This constitution was superseded on February 2, 1987, by the present constitution. Both Bonifacio and Aguinaldo might be considered to have been an inaugural president of an insurgent government. Quezon
2160-499: The Landasan armed group. Arakan is politically subdivided into 28 barangays . Each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios . In the 2020 census, the population of Arakan, Cotabato, was 50,558 people, with a density of 73 inhabitants per square kilometre or 190 inhabitants per square mile. Poverty incidence of Arakan Source: Philippine Statistics Authority As of 2022 , Jeam D. Villasor
2240-712: The National Historical Institute (now the National Historical Commission of the Philippines ) to recognize Bonifacio as the first Philippine president but the institute turned down the petition and reasoned that Bonifacio was not even the Katipunan's first Supremo , but rather Deodato Arellano . In 2013, the Manila City Council passed a resolution persuading the national government to declare Bonifacio as
2320-519: The PSC is tasked with: The Presidential Security Command also have other functions, such as providing support to other government agencies. They assist the AFP and PNP in its anti-organized-crime and corruption undertakings, usually authorized by the Office of the President . They also conduct community service efforts in local communities, and maintain and secure all facilities and transportation assets used by
2400-452: The PSC retain the ranks and insignia of their parent service which are worn in almost all orders of dress. PSC members are known to carry assorted firearms, some known firearms include: The PSC utilizes Motorola trunked two-way radios with encryption capability. The PSC currently uses a fleet of vehicles, ranging from motorcycles; armored modified sedans and mid-sized vehicles ; and armored personnel carriers . President of
2480-628: The Philippine nation and people as the "Sovereign Tagalog Nation/People" or more precisely "Sovereign Nation of the Tagalog People" (Filipino: Haring Bayang Katagalugan ), in effect a synonym of "Tagalog Republic" or more precisely "Republic of the Tagalog Nation/People". According to Filipino historian Ambeth Ocampo , including Bonifacio as a past president would imply that Macario Sakay and Miguel Malvar should also be included, as Sakay continued Bonifacio's concept of
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2560-606: The Philippines The president of the Philippines ( Filipino : pangulo ng Pilipinas , sometimes referred to as presidente ng Pilipinas ) is the head of state , head of government and chief executive of the Philippines . The president leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines . The president is directly elected by
2640-750: The Philippines (NAFP), which deactivated the PSC and activated the PSG as one of the support units of the NAFP. The PSG, then as in the present, has always included both civilian agents and seconded servicemen from the Armed Forces. The PSG launched the PSG Troopers website on February 10, 2017, as part of an effort to improve public relations. Information concerning the president's security arrangements are considered as classified. Four PSG officers were wounded in an encounter with New People's Army guerillas in Arakan , North Cotabato after they were spotted running
2720-692: The Philippines independence through the Tydings–McDuffie Act . He is also the first to win a popular election and a nationwide election. During the Second World War , the Philippines had two presidents heading two governments. One was Quezon and the Commonwealth government-in-exile in Washington, D.C. , and the other was Manila-based Laurel heading the Japanese-sponsored Second Republic. Notably, Laurel
2800-496: The Philippines." Depending on the definition chosen for these terms, a number of persons could alternatively be considered the inaugural holder of the office. Andrés Bonifacio could be considered the president of the tagalog provinces, while he was the third Supreme President (Spanish: Presidente Supremo ; Filipino : Kataas-taasang Pangulo ) of the Katipunan , a secret revolutionary society that started an open revolt against
2880-612: The Philippines." The title in Filipino is Pangulo ( cognate of Malay penghulu "leader", "chieftain"). In the other major languages of the Philippines such as the Bisayan languages , presidente is more common when Filipinos are not actually code-switching with the English word. The honorific for the president is "Your Excellency" or "His/Her Excellency." During his tenure, President Rodrigo Duterte broke precedent by not using
2960-715: The Presidential Guards were combined with the Philippine Constabulary and Manila ROTC units to form the new Second Regular Division which fought in Bataan . After the inauguration of the Second Philippine Republic, units of the occupying Imperial Japanese Army initially took over guard duties at the palace, only to be replaced by an all-Filipino guard battalion at the insistence of President José P. Laurel . At war's end, it
3040-668: The Spanish colonial government in August 1896, he transformed the society into a revolutionary government with himself as "President of the Sovereign Nation/People" (Filipino: Pangulo ng Haring Bayan ). While the term Katipunan (and the title "Supreme President") remained, Bonifacio's government was also known as the Tagalog Republic (Spanish: República Tagala ; Filipino: Republika ng Katagalugan ), and
3120-643: The Supreme Assembly), or Pangulo ng Haring Bayan (President of the Sovereign Nation/People), as evidenced by his own writings. Although the word Tagalog refers to the Tagalog people , a specific ethno-linguistic group mostly in southern Luzon , Bonifacio used the term "Tagalog" in "Tagalog Republic" to denote all non-Spanish peoples of the Philippines in place of Filipinos , which had colonial origins, referring to his concept of
3200-538: The United States recognized the sovereignty of the Republic of the Philippines as a separate self-governing nation on July 4, 1946. On the same day, Manuel A. Roxas , the last president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, became the first president of the independent Republic of the Philippines, also known as the Third Republic of the Philippines. A new Constitution ratified on January 17, 1973, under
3280-517: The United States to establish a government in exile in the United States. On August 17, 1945, two days after the Japanese surrendered to the Allies, Laurel officially dissolved the republic. The 1935 Constitution was restored after the Japanese surrender ended World War II, with Vice President Sergio Osmeña becoming president due to Quezon's death on August 1, 1944. It remained in effect after
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3360-476: The board of canvassers of each province or city, shall be transmitted to Congress, directed to the president of the Senate. Upon receipt of the certificates of canvass, the president of the Senate shall open all the certificates in the presence of a joint public session of Congress not later than 30 days after election day. Congress then canvasses the votes upon determining that the polls are authentic and were done in
3440-687: The commonwealth according to Justice George A. Malcolm . Abad Santos was subsequently executed by the Imperial Japanese Army on May 2, 1942. On October 14, 1943, José P. Laurel became president under a constitution imposed by the Japanese occupation . Laurel, an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines , had been instructed to remain in Manila by President Quezon, who withdrew to Corregidor and then to
3520-556: The concurrence of the majority of all the members of the Congress . The president has authority to contract or guarantee foreign loans on behalf of the country but only with the prior concurrence of the Monetary Board and subject to such limitations as may be provided by law. The president has the authority to exercise the power of eminent domain . The president also has the power to direct escheat or reversion proceedings and
3600-417: The consent of the Commission on Appointments , the president also appoints the heads of the executive departments, board of members and its leaders from any national government-related institutions, ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, high-ranking officers of the armed forces, and other officials. The members of the Supreme Court and lower courts are also appointed by the president, but only from
3680-402: The creation of a separate and new municipality through the collaborative efforts of the municipal government of Magpet spearheaded by then Vice Mayor Aproniano A. Ebon, Sr., the provincial leadership headed by then Governor Rosario P. Diaz, M.D. and the most especially by the passage of a house bill sponsored by Congressman Gregorio A. Andolana of the Second District of Cotabato Province. Arakan
3760-518: The first president of the Philippines-based specifically on his presidency of the Malolos Republic, not any of his various prior governments. Miguel Malvar continued Aguinaldo's leadership of the Philippine Republic after the latter's capture until his own capture in 1902, while Macario Sakay revived the Tagalog Republic in 1902 as a continuing state of Bonifacio's Katipunan. They are both considered by some scholars as "unofficial presidents", and along with Bonifacio, are not recognized as presidents by
3840-455: The first president of the Tagalog Republic, attributing to all natives of the archipelago of the Philippines. A separate resolution was also signed in 2013 by the Philippine Historian Association urging then Philippine President Benigno Aquino III to recognize Bonifacio as the first Philippine president. In the same year, representatives of the Philippine House of Representatives passed a house resolution that sought to acknowledge Bonifacio as
3920-425: The first president. A similar house resolution was also filed in 2016. According to Marlon Cadiz of the NHCP, the agency is waiting for a thorough and clear study containing new evidence as well as explanations of experts regarding Bonifacio's status as the first president. In March 1897, during the Philippine Revolution against Spain, Emilio Aguinaldo was elected president of a new revolutionary government at
4000-457: The government. Between 1898 and 1935, executive power in the Philippines was exercised by a succession of four American military governors-general and eleven civil governors-general. In October 1935, Manuel L. Quezon was elected the first president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines , which had been established, still under United States sovereignty, under a constitution ratified on May 14 of that year. During its first five years,
4080-400: The honorific, opting to drop the title in all official communications, events or materials. The term "President of the Republic of the Philippines" used under Japanese occupation of the Philippines distinguished the government of then-president José P. Laurel from the Commonwealth government-in-exile under President Manuel L. Quezon . The restoration of the Commonwealth in 1945 and
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#17327809676664160-539: The list of nominees prepared by the Judicial and Bar Council . Such appointments do not need the approval of the Commission on Appointments . As per Article 6, Section 1 of the Constitution, the power of lawmaking is vested in the bicameral Congress , which consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives . However, the president has some legislative power. The president has the power to veto any bill passed by Congress. Article 6, Section 27 requires that every legislation passed by Congress shall be presented to
4240-429: The manner provided by law. The person with the highest number of votes is declared the winner, but in case two or more have the highest number of votes, the president is elected by a majority of all members of Congress, with the Senate and the House of Representatives voting separately. The president of the Philippines usually takes the oath of office at noon of June 30 following the presidential election. Traditionally,
4320-428: The oath of office in Cebu City before Chief Justice Hilario Davide Jr. , and the next day held the first cabinet meeting in Butuan . She broke with precedent, reasoning that she wanted to celebrate her inauguration in each of the three main island groups of the Philippines: Luzon , Visayas , and Mindanao . Her first inauguration also broke precedent as she was sworn in at the EDSA Shrine on January 20, 2001, during
4400-417: The offices of the president and vice president in doing its regular and non-regular functions. The following are organized under the PSC (formerly the PSG) as of 2023: Agents are usually personnel from the Armed Forces of the Philippines , Philippine National Police and Philippine Coast Guard . However, there are a few civilian personnel acting as support units. Military and police personnel serving in
4480-429: The official residence of the president. Members of the PSC also accompany the president on both domestic and overseas trips. While the present-day force was established in 1987, the protection of the president and the presidential family has always been the duty of the Armed Forces of the Philippines since 1897. On June 23, 1898, a guards unit called as the Cuerpo de la Guardia Presidencial (Presidential Guard Corps)
4560-411: The organization during the time of President Ferdinand Marcos , late father and namesake of the current President, Bongbong Marcos . The term PSC was earlier utilized on January 19 when the agency's Commander, MGen. Nelson Morales, issued a statement reacting to criticisms on Marcos’ use of the presidential helicopter to travel to the Philippine Arena in Bulacan to watch the Coldplay concert. In 2024,
4640-409: The power to reserve lands of the public and private domain of the government. However, there are two constitutional provisions that limit the exercise of such power: Article 3, Section 9 of the Constitution provides that no person shall be deprived of his/her life, liberty, or property without due process of law and that private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation. With
4720-479: The presidency: Natural-born Filipinos are citizens of the Philippines from birth without having to perform any act to acquire or perfect their Philippine citizenship. Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines at the time of their birth and those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority are considered natural-born Filipinos. The Constitution also provides term limits where
4800-419: The president could serve for a six-year term that cannot be renewed. It was later amended in 1940 to limit a president to serving no more than two four-year terms. When the administration of President Quezon exiled to the United States after the Philippines fell to the Empire of Japan in World War II , Quezon appointed Chief Justice José Abad Santos as his delegate, which in effect the acting president of
4880-451: The president is ineligible for reelection and a person who has succeeded as president and has served as such for more than four years will be ineligible to be elected for a second term. However, with the case of Joseph Estrada who was elected president in 1998 , deposed in 2001 , and again ran for the presidency in 2010 , the Constitution's wording where "[the] President shall not be eligible for any re-election" remains unclear as his case
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#17327809676664960-415: The president takes the oath of office, a 21-gun salute is fired to salute the new head of state, and the presidential anthem " We Say Mabuhay " is played. The president delivers his inaugural address, and then proceeds to Malacañang Palace to climb the Grand Staircase, a ritual which symbolizes the formal possession of the palace. The president then inducts the newly formed cabinet into office in one of
5040-407: The president, after which the president can either sign the bill into law within thirty days, veto the bill, or take no action within the timeframe, in which the bill will pass as if it had been signed. While Congress can override a presidential veto, it requires a two-thirds vote of both houses. The president can also veto any particular item or items in an appropriation, revenue, or tariff bill, but
5120-545: The rule of Ferdinand Marcos introduced a parliamentary-style government. Marcos instituted himself as prime minister while serving as president in 1978. Marcos later appointed César Virata as prime minister in 1981, although, he was only a figurehead as the government control was still with Marcos. The 1973 Constitution was in effect until the People Power Revolution of 1986 toppled Marcos's 21-year authoritarian regime and replaced him with Corazon C. Aquino . On March 25, 1986, Aquino issued Proclamation No. 3, s. 1986 or
5200-757: The service of the Nation. So help me God." [In case of affirmation, last sentence will be omitted.] The Filipino text of the oath used for the inaugurations of Fidel V. Ramos , Joseph Estrada , Benigno Aquino III , and Bongbong Marcos reads: "Ako si (pangalan), ay taimtim kong pinanunumpaan (o pinatototohanan) na tutuparin ko nang buong katapatan at sigasig ang aking mga tungkulin bilang Pangulo (o Pangalawang Pangulo o Nanunungkulang Pangulo) ng Pilipinas, pangangalagaan at ipagtatanggol ang kanyang Konstitusyon, ipatutupad ang mga batas nito, magiging makatarungan sa bawat tao, at itatalaga ang aking sarili sa paglilingkod sa Bansa. Kasihan nawa ako ng Diyos." (Kapag pagpapatotoo, ang huling pangungusap ay kakaltasin.) As soon as
5280-426: The state rooms. Arakan, Cotabato Arakan , officially the Municipality of Arakan ( Hiligaynon : Banwa sang Arakan ; Cebuano : Lungsod sa Arakan ; Maguindanaon : Inged nu Arakan , Jawi : ايڠد نو اراكن; Filipino : Bayan ng Arakan ) is a 1st class municipality in the province of Cotabato , Philippines . According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 50,558 people. The word Arakan
5360-492: The subsequent independence of the Philippines restored the title of "President of the Philippines" enacted in the 1935 constitution. The 1973 constitution, though generally referring to the president as "President of the Philippines", Article XVII, Section 12 once used the term, "President of the Republic." In the text of Proclamation No. 1081 that placed the country under martial law in September 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos consistently referred to himself as "President of
5440-630: The term haring bayan or haringbayan as an adaptation and synonym of "republic", from its Latin roots as res publica . Since Presidente Supremo was shortened to Supremo in contemporary historical accounts of other people, he thus became known by that title alone in traditional Philippine historiography, which by itself was thus understood to mean "Supreme Leader" in contrast to the later "Presidents". However, as noted by Filipino historian Xiao Chua , Bonifacio did not refer himself as Supremo but rather as Kataas-taasang Pangulo (Supreme President), Pangulo ng Kataas-taasang Kapulungan (President of
5520-411: The title "Dictator" and the Declaration of Independence refers to him as such. On June 23, 1898, Aguinaldo transformed his dictatorial government into a revolutionary government and became known as "President" again. On January 23, 1899, Aguinaldo was then elected president of the " Philippine Republic " (Spanish: Republica Filipina ), a new government constituted by a revolutionary congress under
5600-431: The traditional venue for the inauguration ceremony: Barasoain Church in Malolos City , Bulacan ; in front of the old Legislative Building (now part of the National Museum ) in Manila; or at Quirino Grandstand , where most have been held. Some presidential have broken precedent, either due to extraordinary circumstances or In 2004, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo delivered her pre-inaugural address at Quirino Grandstand, took
5680-539: The two (2) big rivers in Arakan were also from these ethnic groups of the Kulaman and Tinanan Rivers. The original settlers of the place are the Manobos, which were believed to have originally come from the string of islands in the Malayan Peninsula and Borneo. This assumption is based on their language structure which has Malayan roots. Throughout the years, they maintained contacts and inter-marriages with other tribes such as Matigsalogs and other lesser Bagobo tribes. The early migrant settlers from Visayas came in as early as
5760-528: The veto shall not affect the item or items to which he does not object. By exerting their influence on Congress, the president can shape legislation and be involved in the legislative process. The State of the Nation Address also gives the president an opportunity to outline their priority legislative agenda. Article 7, Section 2 of the Constitution sets the following qualifications for holding
5840-652: Was again elected president at Biak-na-Bato , Bulacan in November, leading a reorganized "Republic of the Philippines" (Spanish: Republica de Filipinas ), commonly known today as the Republic of Biak-na-Bato . Aguinaldo therefore signed the Pact of Biak-na-Bato and went into exile in Hong Kong at the end of 1897. In April 1898, the Spanish–American War broke out, and afterwards, the Asiatic Squadron of
5920-928: Was founded as the secret service and protective unit of the state presidency, the First Family, and Malacañang Palace , under the control of the Constabulary (first the Secret Service of Malacañang Palace then later renamed into the Presidential Security Force, the Presidential Security Unit, and then the Presidential Security Agency ). On October 22, 1971, under the Presidency of Ferdinand Marcos , General Order No. 212 GHQ, AFP
6000-472: Was himself instructed to remain in Manila by President Quezon. Laurel and Aguinaldo were not formally recognized as Philippine presidents until Diosdado Macapagal's administration. Their inclusion in the official list coincided with the transfer of the official date of Independence Day from July 4 (the anniversary of the Philippines' independence from the United States) to June 12 (the anniversary of
6080-666: Was in turn replaced by the AFP Presidential Guards Battalion under the orders of President Sergio Osmeña and would remain until the time of his successor, Manuel Roxas. The PSG of today traces its origins to 1950 when President Elpidio Quirino transferred the Presidential Guards Battalion under the control of the Philippine Constabulary (PC) in 1950. At the same time, a separate presidential security unit
6160-428: Was issued, creating the Presidential Security Command (PSC) as a unified command of the AFP. When President Corazon Aquino was sworn in as president, she gave the order to disband the PSC and replace with "a leaner" Presidential Security Group (PSG), with then-Army Colonel (and future Secretary of National Defense) Voltaire Gazmin as its chief. This was formalized by General Order No. 60, GHQ-New Armed Forces of
6240-413: Was never brought to the Supreme Court. It remains unclear whether the term limit of no re-election applies only to the incumbent president or for any person who has been elected as president. The president is elected by direct vote every six years, usually on the second Monday of May. The latest election was held in 2022 . The returns of every election for president and vice president, duly certified by
6320-435: Was raised at the time to protect the first official president, Emilio Aguinaldo , from attempts on his life. Composed of a presidential cavalry squadron and artillery batteries, reinforced with multiple guards infantry battalions all under the command of Major Geronimo Gatmaitan, which provided the protection of President Aguinaldo and his family. Like today's PSC, they wore rayadillo uniforms, but with straw hats. In 1936,
6400-416: Was the inaugural president of a predecessor state to the current one, while Roxas was the first president of an independent Philippines. The government considers Aguinaldo to have been the first president of the Philippines, followed by Quezon and his successors. Despite the differences in constitutions and government, the line of presidents is considered to be continuous. For instance, Rodrigo Duterte,
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