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49-541: A presiding bishop is an ecclesiastical position in some denominations of Christianity . The Presiding Bishop of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) is the chief ecumenical officer of the church, and the leader and caretaker for the bishops of the synods. The presiding bishop chairs the biennial Church-wide Assembly and provides for the preparation of agendas for the assembly,

98-681: A galero with ten tassels on each side of his coat of arms , while a bishop has only six. The archiepiscopal cross behind the shield has two bars instead of one. Such a cross may be borne before him in liturgical processions. In processions and other occasions where strict protocol is observed, archbishops are ranked higher than diocesan bishops in the order of precedence . In the Anglican Communion , archbishops are styled "The Most Reverend" and addressed as "Your Grace", while bishops are styled "The Right Reverend" and addressed as "My Lord" or "Your Lordship". (In some countries, this usage

147-571: A metropolitan archdiocese; examples are the Archdiocese of Avignon , which is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Marseille , and the Archdiocese of Trnava , Slovakia . Others are immediately subject to the Holy See and not to any metropolitan archdiocese. These are usually "aggregated" to an ecclesiastical province. An example is the Archdiocese of Hobart in Australia , associated with

196-565: A metropolitan. The Oriental Orthodox custom generally agrees with the Slavic rather than the Greek with respect to the archbishop/metropolitan distinction. Instead of the term archbishop , Eastern Catholic Churches sometimes use the word archeparch by analogy with eparch , the term used for a diocesan (or eparchial) bishop. However, the word archeparch is not found in the Code of Canons of

245-427: Is always carried before him by a priest-chaplain, and (like other archbishops) is a two-barred processional cross. However, the archbishop of Canterbury is also entitled to be preceded by the ancient primatial cross of Canterbury (still in ceremonial use) which is of an ornate historical design, made of precious metal, and with precious stones inserted, but unlike his metropolitical cross (or those of other archbishops) it

294-523: Is elected by the church's General Convention to serve a non designated term. The correct clerical style for the Presiding Bishop is "The Most Reverend". The role and importance of the office has grown over time. Originally, the Presiding Bishop was simply the senior diocesan bishop who presided over the House of Bishops. In 1919, the office was transformed into an elected one, and in the 1940s

343-480: Is followed also by the Roman Catholic Church, but in others no distinction is made and "The Most Reverend" and "Your Excellency" are used for archbishops and bishops alike.) Anglican archbishops are entitled to be preceded by a server carrying an archiepiscopal processional cross (with two bars instead of one) in liturgical processions. The archbishop of Canterbury 's metropolitical processional cross

392-431: Is no difference between the official dress of archbishops, as such, and that of other bishops, Roman Catholic metropolitan archbishops are distinguished by the use in liturgical ceremonies of the pallium , but only within the province over which they have oversight. Roman Catholic bishops and archbishops are styled "The Most Reverend" and addressed as "Your Excellency" in most cases. In English-speaking countries (except

441-985: Is not double-barred. Archbishops exist in all traditional denominations of the Eastern Christianity , including the Eastern Orthodox Church , the Oriental Orthodox Churches , Church of the East and the Eastern Catholic Churches In the Eastern Orthodox churches, the office and title of archbishop can be traced from the 4th and 5th century. Historically, the title was used variously, in terms of rank and jurisdiction. In some Eastern Orthodox churches, archbishops are ranked above metropolitans in precedence , while in others that order

490-550: Is reversed. Primates of autocephalous Eastern Orthodox churches below patriarchal rank are generally designated as archbishops. In the Greek Orthodox Church , archbishops are ranked above metropolitans in precedence . The reverse is true for some Slavic Orthodox churches ( Russian Orthodox , Bulgarian Orthodox ) and also for Romanian Orthodox Church , where metropolitans rank above archbishops. In terms of jurisdiction, there are two basic types of archbishops in

539-462: Is the chief pastor and primate of the national church and its nine ecclesiastical provinces . The Presiding Bishop is charged with responsibility for leadership in initiating, developing, and articulating policy and strategy, overseeing the administration of the national church staff, and speaking for the church on issues of concern and interest. He or she is the president of the House of Bishops and

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588-651: Is the primus inter pares of the three bishops in the dioceses (Sprengel). He or she chairs the Conference of Bishops ( Bischofsrat ) and the Church Executive Board ( Kirchenleitung ). First Presiding Bishop was Gerhard Ulrich. He was retired in spring of 2019. His successor is Kristina Kühnbaum-Schmidt . The Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada (ELCIC), a mainline Lutheran body similar to the ELCA, uses

637-637: The Church Of God In Christ is Bishop J. Drew Sheard , pastor of Greater Emmanuel Institutional Church Of God In Christ located in Detroit, Michigan. The Presiding Bishop is elected every four years by the COGIC General Assembly and Board of Bishops, along with eleven other Bishops who are in charge of executing and overseeing the religious, civil, and economic bylaws and ministries of the denomination, and who work alongside

686-846: The Episcopal Church via Albert A. Chambers and the Anglican Catholic Church, and also from the Philippine Independent Catholic Church through that church's now defunct Anglican Rite Jurisdiction of the Americas . Unlike the Episcopal Church, the Presiding Bishop of the United Episcopal Church may retain his diocese after election, and does not serve a fixed term, but is expected to resign following

735-636: The Latin archiepiscopus . This in turn comes from the Greek αρχιεπίσκοπος , which has as components the etymons αρχι -, meaning 'chief', επί , 'over', and σκοπός , 'guardian, watcher'. The earliest appearance of neither the title nor the role can be traced. The title of "metropolitan" was apparently well known by the 4th century, when there are references in the canons of the First Council of Nicæa of 325 and Council of Antioch of 341 , though

784-618: The Latter Day Saint movement . Each Presiding Bishop has two counselors; the three together form the Presiding Bishopric . The position shares its origin with that of bishop . Edward Partridge was the first man ordained to the office of bishop in the early Church of Christ on February 4, 1831. Partridge became known as the First Bishop and later the "Presiding Bishop" when subordinate bishops were called in

833-601: The Nauvoo period (1839–44). After the 1844 succession crisis , the role of Presiding Bishop evolved separately in different denominations of the movement. In the Remnant Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints , a man recognized as a "literal descendant of Aaron" (or Kohanim ) can, under the direction of the First Presidency , hold the role of Presiding Bishop alone, without counselors. At this time,

882-510: The Patriarchate of Constantinople , honorary archiepiscopal titles were also granted to those diocesan bishops who were exempt from jurisdictions of local metropolitans, and transferred to the direct jurisdiction of the patriarchal throne. Such titular hierarchs were contentiously styled as " autocephalous archbishops " (self-headed, just in terms of not having a metropolitan, but without connotations to real autocephaly ). For example, until

931-896: The Serbian Orthodox Church , both types were represented: the head of the autonomous Orthodox Ohrid Archbishopric is styled Archbishop of Ohrid and invested with regional jurisdiction over all diocesan bishops in North Macedonia , while former diocesan bishop (late Amfilohije Radović ) of the Eparchy of Montenegro and the Littoral , with seat in Cetinje , was personally given only the honorary title Archbishop of Cetinje , but without any jurisdiction over other diocesan bishops in Montenegro . Historically, within

980-700: The 19th century. The Constitution of the United Episcopal Church of North America refers to the senior bishop as the Presiding Bishop, but within the denomination he is informally referred to as the Archbishop – a hangover from the 1981/4 version of the UECNA Constitution and Canons. The Presiding Bishop acts as Chairman of the House of Bishops and the National Council, and as primus inter pares or 'first among equals'. The Constitution and Canons were modified in 1992 (confirmed in 1996), with

1029-631: The Church Council and its executive committee, the Conference of Bishops, and the Cabinet of Executives. The Presiding Bishop of the ELCA is elected to a six-year term, available for re-election and is charged with initiating policy, developing strategy and overseeing administration of the entire church. The presiding bishop also serves as a figurehead and speaks on behalf of the entire church. The ELCA's third Presiding Bishop, Mark Hanson , served two six-year terms from 2001 to 2013. Elizabeth Eaton

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1078-530: The Eastern Orthodox Church: real archbishops and honorary archbishops. Real archbishops are primates of autocephalous or autonomous (regional) churches, and they have actual jurisdiction over other bishops, while honorary archbishops are in fact just diocesan bishops with honorary titles of archbishops and no jurisdiction outside their own diocese. The honorary title is usually conferred to bishops of historically important sees . For example, in

1127-497: The Metropolitan ecclesiastical province of Melbourne , but not part of it. The ordinary of such an archdiocese is an archbishop. In the Anglican Communion , non-metropolitan archiepiscopal sees are much less common. The Anglican Diocese of Jerusalem , established in 1841, was raised to the status of a non-metropolitan archiepiscopal see in 1957, but reduced to the status of an ordinary bishopric again in 1976. In 2014 it

1176-630: The United States), a Catholic archbishop is addressed as "Your Grace", while a Catholic bishop is addressed as "Your Lordship". Before December 12, 1930, the title "Most Reverend" was only for archbishops, while bishops were styled as "Right Reverend". This practice is still followed by Catholic bishops in the United Kingdom to mirror that of the Church of England . In Roman Catholic heraldry , an archbishop has an ecclesiastical hat called

1225-610: The administration of the temporal affairs of the whole church. They lead the Order of Bishops in providing support and mentoring to the financial officers of congregations and mission centers. The Presiding Bishopric serves also as the presidency of the Aaronic priesthood and leads the Order of Bishops in providing support, training, and advocacy in empowering the Aaronic Ministers. They direct the stewardship education efforts of

1274-788: The church and lead financial development efforts with major donors. The Presiding Bishopric is a part of the World Church Leadership Council, along with the First Presidency and Council of Twelve Apostles. They also serve as members of the World Church Finance Board, which proposes budgets to the World Conference for approval. The current Presiding Bishop of the church is Ronald D. Harmon Jr., with Wim van Klinken and Carla K. Long as counselors. The current presiding bishop of

1323-802: The church's temporal affairs (buildings, properties, commercial corporations, etc.) throughout the world. Along with the First Presidency and the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles , the Presiding Bishopric is a part of the Council on the Disposition of the Tithes , which oversees and authorizes the expenditure of all tithing funds. The Presiding Bishopric is also responsible for overseeing the church's Aaronic priesthood, although most of

1372-531: The decision was made that the Presiding Bishop should resign any other jurisdictions for which he or she might have pastoral responsibility. In this respect, the office is different from that of many archbishops found in other churches in the Anglican Communion which have diocesan responsibilities in addition to overseeing a national church. In the 1970s, the Presiding Bishop was given authority to enter dioceses for sacramental and preaching ministry, consulting with bishops, and related purposes. The Presiding Bishop

1421-674: The delegates of the General Assembly and Board of Bishops to provide administration over the denomination. As a result of the 2020 global COVID-19 pandemic, the Quadrennial Election (usually held before the church's Holy Convocation) was postponed till 2021, where Sheard was elected. Ecclesiastical Read the Wiktionary entry "ecclesiastical" You can also: Archbishop The word archbishop ( / ˌ ɑːr tʃ ˈ b ɪ ʃ ə p / ) comes via

1470-480: The election of a successor at the General Convention prior to the incumbent's 72nd birthday. In the event of an unexpected vacancy occurring, the senior bishop by date of consecration having jurisdiction serves as Presiding Bishop until an election can take place. The present holder of the office is Peter D. Robinson . The Presiding Bishop is a role in the church hierarchy of several denominations of

1519-451: The end of the 8th century, bishop of Amorium was under the jurisdiction of metropolitan of Pessinus , but he was later exempt and placed under direct patriarchal jurisdiction. On that occasion, he was given an honorary title of an autocephalous archbishop , but with no jurisdiction over other bishops. Sometime later ( c.  814 ), metropolitan province of Amorium was created, and local archbishop finally gained regional jurisdiction as

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1568-459: The former class with the abbreviation Metr. and the others with Arciv. Many of the titular sees to which nuncios and heads of departments of the Roman Curia who are not cardinals are assigned are not of archiepiscopal rank. In that case the person who is appointed to such a position is given the personal title of archbishop ( ad personam ). They are usually referred to as archbishop of

1617-407: The moment of succession. Since then, the title of Coadjutor Archbishop of the see is considered sufficient and more appropriate. The rank of archbishop is conferred on some bishops who are not ordinaries of an archdiocese. They hold the rank not because of the see that they head but because it has been granted to them personally ( ad personam ). Such a grant can be given when someone who already holds

1666-451: The much more numerous metropolitan sees, there are 77 Catholic sees that have archiepiscopal rank. In some cases, such a see is the only one in a country, such as Luxembourg or Monaco , too small to be divided into several dioceses so as to form an ecclesiastical province. In others, the title of archdiocese is for historical reasons attributed to a see that was once of greater importance. Some of these archdioceses are suffragans of

1715-572: The only man to hold the title of Presiding Bishop under these conditions is W. Kevin Romer. In the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints , the largest denomination of the Latter Day Saint movement, the Presiding Bishop is the highest leadership position within the church's Aaronic priesthood . The three members of the Presiding Bishopric serve as church general authorities and oversee

1764-682: The others. He is known as the metropolitan archbishop of that see. In the Catholic Church , canon 436 of the Code of Canon Law indicates what these powers and duties are for a Latin Church metropolitan archbishop, while those of the head of an autonomous ( sui iuris ) Eastern Catholic Churches are indicated in canon 157 of the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches . All Catholic metropolitans are archbishops, but not all archbishops are metropolitans, though most are. As well as

1813-420: The rank of archbishop is transferred to a see that, though its present-day importance may be greater than the person's former see, is not archiepiscopal. The bishop transferred is then known as the archbishop-bishop of his new see. An example is Gianfranco Gardin , appointed Archbishop-Bishop of Treviso on 21 December 2009. The title borne by the successor of such an archbishop-bishop is merely that of Bishop of

1862-490: The same see: the 2008 Annuario Pontificio listed three living archbishops emeriti of Taipei . There is no archbishop emeritus of a titular see; an archbishop who holds a titular see keeps it until death or until transferred to another see. In the Anglican Communion , retired archbishops formally revert to being addressed as "bishop" and styled "The Right Reverend", although they may be appointed "archbishop emeritus" by their province on retirement, in which case they retain

1911-474: The see, not as its archbishop-bishop. If an archbishop resigns his see without being transferred to another, as in the case of retirement or assignment to head a department of the Roman Curia , the word emeritus is added to his former title, and he is called archbishop emeritus of his former see. Until 1970, such archbishops were transferred to a titular see. There can be several archbishops emeriti of

1960-813: The see, unless he also is granted the personal title of Archbishop. Another example is Arthur Roche , who was Bishop of Leeds until his appointment as Secretary of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments . Roche remained a bishop by virtue of his position as bishop emeritus of Leeds – rather than being transferred to a different titular archbishopric, he was appointed as an archbishop ad personam . The distinction between metropolitan sees and non-metropolitan archiepiscopal sees exists for titular sees as well as for residential ones. The Annuario Pontificio marks titular sees of

2009-550: The term "national bishop" for a similar position. Most other Lutheran churches in North America , especially the Confessional Lutheran bodies use a congregationalist structure and call their national leaders "president." The Lutheran Churches of Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Nigeria all use the term Archbishop . In the Anglican Communion (the worldwide family of independent churches following

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2058-422: The term seems to be used generally for all higher ranks of bishop, including patriarchs. The term "archbishop" does not appear in the modern sense until the 6th century, although the role, above ordinary bishops but below patriarchs, seems to be established for metropolitans by the 5th century. Episcopal sees are generally arranged in groups in which one see's bishop has certain powers and duties of oversight over

2107-431: The title "archbishop" and the style "The Most Reverend", as a right. Archbishop Desmond Tutu was a prominent example, as archbishop emeritus of Cape Town. Former archbishops who have not received the status of archbishop emeritus may still be informally addressed as "archbishop" as a courtesy, unless they are subsequently appointed to a bishopric (not an arch bishopric), in which case the courtesy ceases. While there

2156-493: The title for the senior bishop reverting to 'Presiding Bishop.' However, the change of title never really caught on, and the 2011 General Convention of the UECNA codified the common custom of referring to the senior bishop as 'Archbishop' by modifying Canon 3 - Of the Presiding Bishop - to reflect this. However, the formal title remains 'Presiding Bishop' and is used in formal documents. The UECNA derives its historic episcopate from

2205-807: The tradition of the Church of England ), several churches' primates are called Presiding Bishop. Among them are the Anglican Episcopal Church of Brazil , the Anglican Church of South America and the Episcopal Church (United States) ; the primate of Episcopal Church in Jerusalem and the Middle East is called "president bishop". In the Episcopal Church in the United States of America , the Presiding Bishop

2254-508: The work in this area is delegated to the Young Men General Presidency. Since October 2015, the church's Presiding Bishop has been Gérald Caussé . The Presiding Bishopric of Community of Christ , the second largest denomination, are the chief financial officers and trustees of the church. As such, they are trustees in trust for all church property, including local congregational facilities. They are responsible for

2303-432: Was again elevated to the status of non-metropolitan archbishopric, with its ordinary bearing the title "Archbishop in Jerusalem", despite having no ex officio right to be the metropolitan of the province. Until 1970, a coadjutor archbishop, one who has special faculties and the right to succeed to the leadership of a see on the death or resignation of the incumbent, was assigned also to a titular see , which he held until

2352-751: Was elected as the fourth (and first female) presiding bishop in August 2013. The Presiding Bishop of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany (Nordkirche) is the senior (metropolitan) bishop and principal leader of the Nordkirche, a Landeskirche (member church) of Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland . In German, Nordkirche uses the title Landesbischof (literally: State Bishop ). She or he got her or his see in Schwerin . He or she

2401-421: Was given the title of primate in 1982. As of November 2024, Sean W. Rowe holds the position. Stephen Elliott , first bishop of Georgia was the only Presiding Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Confederate States of America . Ray R. Sutton is the current Presiding Bishop. This church claims to continue apostolic succession through George D. Cummins who left the Episcopal Church, USA in

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