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68-718: The krai has Russia's only border with North Korea , along the Tumen River in Khasansky District in the southwestern corner of the krai. Peter the Great Gulf , the largest gulf in the Sea of Japan , is on the south coast. The territory of the krai was historically part of Manchuria . It was ceded to the Russian Empire by Qing China in 1860 as part of a region known as Outer Manchuria , forming most of

136-529: A Korean State Railway direct car on the Moscow – Pyongyang route. The direct car travels from Moscow to Ussuriysk with a Moscow– Vladivostok train, to Khasan with an Ussuriysk–Khasan train, across the border with the Khasan–Tumangang shuttle train, and then to Pyongyang with a domestic Korean train. At 10,272 km (6,383 mi) total, this is the longest direct (one-seat ride) passenger rail service in

204-425: A 10-year reserve supply. The ores are complex, containing copper , gold , silver , bismuth , and other metals besides tungsten. There are more than 10 commercial deposits of lead and zinc in the territories of Dalnegorsky , Kavalerovsky , and Krasnoarmeysky Districts. The mining of the deposits of lead and zinc is maintained by Dalpolimetal Stock Company. The enterprise has a 40-year supply of ore. Among

272-531: A battleground for allied and Bolshevik troops during the Siberian Intervention . In 1922, shortly before the end of the Civil War , Primorye came under Bolshevik control. The new government directed the economic, scientific, and cultural development of the territory. The Soviet Government spent the following ten years combating "bourgeois ideology" in many areas of life and culture. As a result,

340-773: A border between the Russian Empire (later, the Soviet Union ) and the Japanese Empire ; this continued until the end of Japanese rule in Korea in 1945. In 1985, the Soviet Union and North Korea signed an agreement establishing a border along the middle of the Tumen. The former Noktundo Island , 32 square kilometres (12 sq mi) in size, was recognized by North Korea as part of Russia. This agreement

408-1036: A fishing crew in July 2019. Sibiryakov Island Sibiryakov Island or Sibiryakow Island ( Russian : Остров Сибирякова , Ostrov Sibiryakova ), also known as Kuz'kin Island (Кузькин остров), is an island in the Kara Sea , off the northern end of the estuary of the Yenisei river. It belongs to the Krasnoyarsk Krai administrative division of the Russian Federation and is named after Aleksandr Mikhaylovich Sibiryakov , an Imperial Russian gold-mine proprietor. Sibiryakov financed explorations to Siberia, such as Nordenskiöld 's, and also took part in some expeditions of his own. The island has an area of 800 square kilometres (310 square miles). Its length

476-570: A fishing vessel in the Sea of Japan. The Federal Security Service ( FSB ) claimed the vessel, trawler Dae Yong No. 10 , was encroaching in Russian waters in the Sea of Japan on Saturday. During a search of the vessel, the FSB guards found "illegally obtained aquatic bio-resources" on board, a statement said. The statement says the ship then attempted to flee while its crewmembers tried to wrest weapons from

544-657: A narrow and curved group of three islands known as Nosok Island (Остров Носок; Ostrov Nosok ). Sibiryakov is part of the Great Arctic State Nature Reserve , the largest nature reserve of Russia, and is covered with tundra vegetation. The island regularly supports a significant population of greater white-fronted geese . It has been recognised as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International . 72°54′N 79°11′E  /  72.900°N 79.183°E  / 72.900; 79.183 This Krasnoyarsk Krai location article

612-546: A total footprint of 214.89 hectares. Primorsky Krai's compact territory is well endowed with infrastructure . Its railway density is twice the Russian average. Railroads connect it with China and North Korea. Vladivostok, the eastern terminus of the Trans-Siberian Railway , was surpassed as a port by the nearby Nakhodka - Vostochny Port container, coal and timber terminals. Primorsky Krai-based shipping companies provide 80% of marine shipping services in

680-740: Is 150 km (58 sq mi). The reserves total 251.6 million tons. The coal-bearing thickness ranges from 800 to 950 m (2,620 to 3,120 ft). Maintenance is by the open-pit mine of the Artyomugol Association. The coal of the Pavlovsky, Skotovsky, and Bikinsky deposits contains germanium and non-ferrous metals . The major areas of occurrence of commercial tin stocks are Kavalerovsky , Krasnoarmeysky , and Dalnegorsky Districts. There are more than 30 deposits of tin in Primorsky Krai. The extraction of tin ore

748-413: Is 38 kilometres (24 miles) and its maximum width 27 kilometres (17 miles). It lies just 35 kilometres (22 miles) from the nearest coast. The sea surrounding Sibiryakov Island is covered with pack ice in the winter and there are numerous ice floes even in the summer. The strait between Sibiryakov Island and the mainland is known as Vostochnyy Proliv . Some 12 km off Sibiryakov Island's northern cape lies

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816-855: Is also diverse. The following animals are found in the Krai : Ussuri black bear ( Ursus thibetanus ), Amur tiger , Amur leopard ( Panthera pardus orientalis ), Eurasian lynx ( Lynx lynx ), wild boar ( Sus scrofa ), Manchurian deer ( Cervus elaphus xanthopygos ), Siberian roe deer ( Capreolus pygargus ), musk deer ( Moschus moschiferus ), long-tailed goral ( Naemorhedus caudatus ), sika deer ( Cervus nippon ), sable ( Martes zibellina ), Blakiston's fish owl ( Bubo blakistoni ), mandarinka duck ( Aix galericulata ), black stork ( Ciconia nigra ), scaly goosander ( Mergus squamatus ), chestnut-cheeked starling ( Sturnia philippensis ), black griffon ( Aegypius monachus ), large-winged cuckoo (family Cuculidae ), and others. Among 690 species of birds inhabiting

884-670: Is located close to Vladivostok . The stocks of the Podgrodnensky deposit are estimated to be a total of 19.6 million tons. The coal is anthracite coal . By the output of volatile substances and caking ability, the coal is hard (non-bituminous). The deposits are maintained by the Podgorodenka mine of the Artyomugol Association. The Paleogene-Neogene deposits of Primorsky Krai are the Bikinsky, Pavlovsky, Shkotovsky, Rettikhovsky, Rakovsky, and Khasansky deposits. The deposits are

952-466: Is located to the north and the west of the city of Ussuriysk . The basin includes the following deposits: Ussuriysky, Lipovetsky, Verkhne-Razdolnensky, Konstantinovsky, and Alekseye-Nikolsky. The deposits were prospected as early as 1868. The mining of coal has been conducted since 1909. By the output of volatile substances and coking ability, long-flame coals prevail. The reserves of coal in the basin total of 66.7 million tons. The deposits are maintained by

1020-669: Is maintained by Khrustalnenskaya Tin Extracting Company, Dalpolimetal Stock Company, and Vostok Mining Company. All tin-extracting enterprises of the krai have a 30-year supply of ore. There are four major commercial deposits of tungsten in Krasnoarmeysky and Pozharsky Districts. The mining of only two of them is currently maintained, at Vostok-2 and Lermontovskoye by the Primorsky Mining Group and Lermontovskoye Mining Company. The enterprises have

1088-574: Is seen on the China–Russia border , with the Amur River ). To prevent the loss of national territory, and to shield Khasan and the Peschanaya border guard station from flooding, Russian authorities carried out a riverbank protection project using rock fill from 2004 to 2008. On 16 October 2016, a Russian border guard killed a North Korean fisherman and injured eight others after opening fire on

1156-796: Is still second only to Khabarovsk Krai 's with an annual yield of about 3 million cubic meters of timber . Primorsky Krai is the largest coal producer in the Russian Far East and generates more electricity than any other Russian Far East administrative division, but power shortages are common. Agriculture is also important; the krai produces rice, milk, eggs, and vegetables. The krai's proximity to Pacific Rim markets gives it an edge over most other Russian Far East administrative divisions in developing foreign trade . Major trade items are seafood products, timber products, and ferrous metals. Major trading partners are Japan, China, and South Korea. The economy will be further diversified with

1224-849: Is the city of Rason . The main Russian border guard station in the area is Peschanaya. The border between the Russian Empire and the Joseon , then a tributary state of the Qing dynasty , was established by the Convention of Peking in November 1860. Under the agreement, the Qing dynasty ceded territories east of the Ussuri River to the Russians. The original description of the border included

1292-618: Is the fundamental law of the region. The Legislative Assembly of Primorsky Krai is the province's regional standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Oblast Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run

1360-707: The Aigun Treaty with China, followed by the Beijing Treaty two years later. As a result of the two treaties, the Sino–Russian border shifted south in the Amur Annexation to the Amur and Ussuri Rivers , granting Russia full control of Primorye. Primorskaya Oblast was established as the easternmost division of the Russian Empire in 1856. It included the territory of modern Primorsky Krai as well as

1428-700: The Balhae Kingdom , most of the krai was within the boundaries of the provinces of Dingli, Anbian and Anyuan. After Balhae was conquered by the Khitans, the territory became part of Liao dynasty 's Eastern Circuit and Jin dynasty 's Supin Circuit. It then came under Mongol and Manchu rule. The acquisition of Siberia by the Tsardom of Russia and the subsequent Russian expansion to the Far East brought

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1496-581: The Bikin , and the Bolshaya Ussurka . Most rivers in the Krai have rocky bottoms and limpid water. The largest among them is the Ussuri , with a length of 903 kilometers (561 mi). The head of the Ussuri River originates 20 kilometers (12 mi) east of Oblachnaya Mountain. The vast Khanka Lowlands extend into the west and southwest of Primorye, carpeted by coniferous-deciduous forest. A part of

1564-587: The Eugénie Archipelago (the largest island of which being Russky Island ), the Rimsky-Korsakov Archipelago and Furugelm Island . The geographic location of Primorye accounts for the variety of its flora . The territory of Primorye has not been subjected to the ice cover in the past in contrast to the rest of Siberia during the ice ages. The specifics of the geographic situation and the specific features of climate determine

1632-775: The Far Eastern Division of the Russian Academy of Science . By the early 1990s, once-small enterprises in the city had developed into large companies. Some of the most prominent include the DVMP (FESCO) shipping company, the Dalmoreprodukt fishing company, Progress Arsenyev Aircraft Works, and Vostok Mining. Commercial fishing plays an important part in the economy of the Primorye and includes firms like Vladivostok Trawling and Refrigerating Fleet (VBTRF),

1700-596: The Russian Far East . All the krai's significant ports are now open to international shipping. The largest companies in the region include Far-Eastern Energy Company, NNK-Bunker, Mazda Sollers, and Vostochny Port . More than 100 deposits of coal are known in Primorsky Krai. The commercial deposits of coal are connected to the Partizansky and Razdolnensky coal basins, the Podgorodnensky deposit,

1768-527: The Sea of Japan . The principal border treaty was signed on April 17, 1985. A separate, trilateral treaty specifies the position of the China–North Korea–Russia tripoint . The North Korea–Russia and China–North Korea borders run along the middle of the Tumen River, while the China–Russia border approaches the junction point overland from the north. Because the theoretical tripoint is in

1836-663: The Soviet period, the high authority in the oblast was shared between three persons: The first secretary of the Primorsky CPSU Committee (who in reality had the biggest authority), the chairman of the oblast Soviet (legislative power), and the chairman of the oblast Executive Committee (executive power). After 1991, the head of the Oblast administration and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament . The Charter of Primorsky Krai

1904-472: The 1860 convention between Russia and China, but in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Chinese influence in Korea waned and Japanese influence grew. The Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895 ended the tributary relationship with Korea, and the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905 made Korea a protectorate of Japan. The Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910 finalised Japan's annexation of Korea. Thus, the Tumen River became

1972-630: The 1970s, the Soviet Union expanded scientific institutions in Primorye, especially in the city of Vladivostok . Several large research institutions are located here, such as the Institute of Biology and Agriculture, the Pacific Institute of Bio-organic Chemistry, the Institute of Marine Biology, the Pacific Institute of Geography, the Pacific Oceanological Institute, as well as several Institutes affiliated with

2040-633: The Active Marine Fisheries Base of Nakhodka , and the Fishing and Marine Transport Fleet of Primorye. Numerous enterprises of the Russian military-industrial complex were also established in Primorye. The Udege people , led by Pavel Sulyandziga , are trying to gain control over their traditional territories along the Bikin River and in particular a Territory of Traditional Natural Resource Use of federal status. During

2108-1065: The IUCN Red List as rare and threatened extermination. There are mountainous tundra areas, conifers and coniferous-deciduous forests, and forest-steppe, which is sometimes called the Far Eastern Prairie, where many ancient plant species have been preserved, including ferns , lotus , and the willow Salix arbutifolia (syn. Chosenia arbutifolia ). The flora of the territory contains such plants as Taxus cuspidata , Juniperus rigida , Phellodendron amurense , Kalopanax , Aralia elata , Maackia amurensis , Alnus japonica , Actinidia kolomikta , Schisandra chinensis , Celastrus orbiculatus , Thladiantha dubia , Weigela , Eleutherococcus , Flueggea suffruticosa , Deutzia , Nelumbo nucifera , Betula schmidtii , Carpinus cordata , Acer mandshuricum , Parthenocissus tricuspidata , Vitis amurensis , Panax ginseng and many others. The fauna of Primorye

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2176-546: The Lowland surrounding the largest lake in the Russian Far East , Khanka Lake , is occupied by a forest-steppe. The krai's coastline is fairly straight, except for the southernmost section around Vladivostok which contains the Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula . There are numerous islands in this area, the main ones being Lisy Island , Askold Island, Putyatin Island , Skrebtsov island , Sibiryakov Island ,

2244-485: The Russian Far East total. Second is machine building , where half of the output is geared toward the fishing industry and shipyards . Defense is another important sector, producing naval vessels and military aircraft . The construction materials industry here provides for the whole Russian Far East. Lead smelting is conducted in Rudnaya Pristan on the coast. The timber industry, though in recession ,

2312-501: The Russian guards. A Russian coast guard ship fired at the trawler's propulsion system, disabling it, and on the North Korean crewmen, the statement said. On 17 September 2019, the FSB said a Russian Coast Guard ship detected two North Korean vessels and 11 motorboats fishing illegally in Russian territorial waters. While one of the vessels was detained, the crew of the other opened fire, wounding four Russian servicemen before it

2380-647: The Russians into direct contact with China . The Nerchinsk Treaty of 1689 demarcating the borders of the two states gave all lands lying south of the Stanovoy Mountains , including Primorye, to the Qing Empire. However, with the weakening of the Qing Empire in the second half of the 19th century, Russia began its expansion into the area. In 1858, the towns of Khabarovsk and Blagoveshchensk were founded. In 1858, Nikolay Muravyov-Amursky signed

2448-667: The Tavrichansky deposit, and since 1911 in the Artyomovsky deposit. The coal is brown coal , which is used as a power fuel. In the long years of operation, the stocks of coal in the basin have been considerably depleted. The reserves of coal in the basin total 233.7 million tons. The mines of the Tavrichansky Mine Administration and the Artyomugol Association operate on the basis of the deposits. Podgrodnensko-Surazhevsky : This coal-bearing region

2516-555: The Tumen River, 800 metres (2,600 ft) southwest of the train station in Khasan, Russia . On the North Korean side, the border train station is at Tumangang . The crossing is railway-only, used by freight and passenger trains, but planks laid between the tracks make crossing of road vehicles possible by special arrangement. Passenger train service over the Friendship Bridge includes a Khasan–Tumangang shuttle, as well as

2584-561: The Uglovsky basin, and the Shkotovsky, Pavlovsky, Bikinsky, Rettikhovsky, and Suputinsky deposits. Partizansky Basin : The city of Partizansk is located in the southern part of the basin. The total area of the basin is 6,000 km (2,300 sq mi). The basin has been known since the 19th century and has been explored since 1902. Five regions—Staropartizansky, Melnikovsky, Belopadinsky, Molchanovsky, and Sergeyevsky —are within

2652-403: The addition of as many as 8 government sanctioned casinos to be built in the Primorye Gambling Zone, which encompasses the entire Primorsky Krai. Primorsky Entertainment Resort City, under development by NagaCorp Ltd . of Phnom Penh, Kingdom of Cambodia, will be the largest. The development is expected to cost in the region of RUB11.6 billion (approximately HK$ 2.7 billion, US$ 350 million) and have

2720-501: The day to day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as the guarantor of the observance of the krai Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia . Primorsky Krai's economy, the most balanced in the Russian Far East, is also the largest in absolute terms. Food production is the most important sector, represented mainly by fish processing . Annual catch exceeds two million tonnes , or one half of

2788-496: The deposits of precious metals in Primorsky Krai, silver and gold-silver deposits predominate. Ten deposits of silver are found in the Krai. The majority of silver-polymetal ore deposits are located in Dalnegorsky District and are maintained by Dalpolimetal Stock Company. Silver is extracted simultaneously with tungsten from tungsten ores deposits in Krasnoarmeysky and Pozharsky Districts. North Korea%E2%80%93Russia border The North Korea–Russia border , according to

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2856-414: The deputy transport ministers of Russia and North Korea—Nikolai Asaul and Kwok Il-ryong, respectively—signed an agreement to develop a road connection between the two countries. Because the North Korean side of the river is mountainous and the Russian side is lower, shore erosion may cause the Tumen River, which floods annually, to gradually change its course toward the Russian side. (A similar phenomenon

2924-444: The krai is derived from the Russian words приморский ( primorsky ), meaning "littoral" or "coastal", and край ( kray ), meaning "region" or "area". It is informally known as Primorye ( Приморье , IPA: [prʲɪˈmorʲjɪ] ) in Russian, and is occasionally translated as Maritime Territory in English. Primorsky Krai, bordered by China ( Jilin and Heilongjiang ), North Korea ( Rason ) and Khabarovsk Krai , and

2992-411: The krai. Most of the territory is mountainous, and almost 80% of it is forested. The average elevation is about 500 meters (1,640 ft). Sikhote-Alin is a mountainous formation, extending for the most part of the Krai. It consists of a number of parallel ranges: the Partizansky (Partisan), the Siny (Blue), the Kholodny (Cold), and others. There are many karst caves in the south of Primorye, including

3060-433: The limits of the basin. The coal is anthracite coal . By the output of volatile substances and caking ability, rich coals prevail. The reserves of coal in the basin total 193.6 million tonnes . The deposits are maintained by the mines of the Partizanskugol Association. A coal-mining factory also operates in this area. Razdolnensky Basin : The total area of this basin is about 4,500 km (1,700 sq mi). The basin

3128-413: The lower course of the Tumen River — the last 20 li (about 10.75–13 kilometres or 6.68–8.08 miles) — as its southernmost section, leaving the rest of the course of the river as a Korea-Russian boundary by default. A wooden pillar was then erected marking the tripoint , which was later replaced with a more permanent pillar in c. 1886. The existence of Korea as a separate country was not mentioned in

3196-419: The major sources of fuel for the largest heat and power stations of Primorye: Luchegorskaya and Vladivostokskaya. The coal is brown coal . The Bikinsky Deposit is the largest brown coal deposit in Primorsky Krai. Its total area is 260 km (100 sq mi). The reserves total 1,113.9 million tons. The coal-bearing thickness is 1,800 m (5,900 ft). The Luchegorsky Open-Pit Coal Mine maintains

3264-401: The middle of the river, where it would be impractical to install a border monument, the agreement provides instead that the three countries install border monuments on the riverbank, and that the position of the tripoint be determined with respect to those monuments. The administrative unit on the Russian side of the border is the Khasansky District of Primorsky Krai ; on the Korean side, it

3332-475: The mine and provides fuel to the largest power station in the krai, the Luchegorsky Hydro-Electric Power Station. Pavlovsky Deposit : The total area is 400 km (150 sq mi). The reserves total 400 million tons. The coal-bearing thickness is up to 400 m (1,300 ft). The mining is maintained by the Pavlovsky-1 and Pavlovsky-2 Open-Pit Coal Mines. Coal is used as fuel for the Vladivostok Heat and Power Plant-2. Skotovsky Deposit : The total area

3400-408: The mines and the open-pit coal mines of the Lipovetskoye Mine Administration. Uglovsky Basin : Located 30 km (19 mi) northeast of Vladivostok , the basin's band extends about 40 km (25 mi) to the northeast of Amursky Bay and ranges from 6 to 14 km (3.7 to 8.7 mi) in width. Coals in the basin have been known since 1859. The mining of coal has been executed since 1867 in

3468-400: The music, theater, literature, and the fine arts of Primorye were censored. Primorsky was the center of the ethnic Korean minority of Russia. The Pos'et Korean National Raion was created under the policy of Korenizatsiya . The Krai had 105 both fully and mixed Korean towns where residents used the Korean language as an official language. Nearly 200,000 ethnic Koreans were living in the Krai by

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3536-427: The official Russian definition, consists of 17.3 kilometres (10.7 mi) of "terrestrial border" and 22.1 km (12 nautical miles ) of "maritime border". It is the shortest of the international borders of Russia . The terrestrial boundary between Russia and North Korea runs along the thalweg of the Tumen River and its estuary , while the maritime boundary separates the two countries' territorial waters in

3604-489: The region's wildlife and habitat conservation. The area is believed to have been settled by several Tungusic and Mongolic tribes, such as the Sushen , the proto-Mongol Shiwei and the Mohe . Although, there are other popular theories, such as the fact that the place was earlier settled by the Ainu people . The Udege people are said to have traditionally settled in territories along the Bikin River long ago, however, they are possibly of Jianzhou Jurchen origin. During

3672-401: The relatively accessible Spyashchaya Krasavitsa cave (the Sleeping Beauty) in the Ussuriysky Nature Preserve. There are comparatively well-preserved fragments of ancient volcanoes in the area. The ranges are cut by the picturesque narrow and deep valleys of the rivers and by large brooks, such as the Partizanskaya , the Kiyevka , the Zerkalnaya, the Cheryomukhovaya, the Yedinka, the Samarga ,

3740-408: The relatively warm—although freezing in winter—waters of the Sea of Japan , is the southeasternmost region of Russia, located between the 42° and 48° north latitude and 130° and 139° east longitude. It is stretched in the meridianal direction, the distance from its extreme northern point to its most southerly point being about 900 kilometers (559 mi). Highlands dominate the territory of

3808-427: The territories of modern Khabarovsk Krai and Magadan Oblast , stretching from Vladivostok to the Chukchi Peninsula in the far north. In the period from 1859 to 1882, ninety-five settlements were established in the Primorye region, including Vladivostok, Ussuriysk , Razdolnoye, Vladimiro-Aleksandrovskoye, Shkotovo , Pokrovka , Tury Rog, and Kamen-Rybolov . Russians began migrating to these regions. The population

3876-447: The territory of Primorskaya Oblast . As a result, China permanently lost its coastline with the Sea of Japan . During the Russian Civil War it became part of the Far Eastern Republic before joining the Soviet Union , going through numerous changes until reaching its current form in 1938. Primorsky Krai is home to the Russian Navy 's Pacific Fleet and is also known as the birthplace of North Korean leader Kim Jong-il . The name of

3944-494: The territory of the former USSR , 350 are found in Primorye. Rich fisheries of salmon , Hucho taimen , lenok and marine fisheries of crab, pollock and other species make the aquatic and maritime environment a valuable resource for the region. However, the rich diversity of wildlife in Primorye is threatened by poaching and the illegal wildlife trade . Wildlife Conservation Society , World Wildlife Fund , Wild Salmon Center , and Russian NGOs including Phoenix Fund are active in

4012-479: The time of their deportation in 1938 . The Soviet Union had earlier deported ethnic Chinese from western Siberia. During this period, the Soviet government emphasized centralized planning of the economy. As in the rest of the Soviet Union, priority was given to heavy industry, with a special emphasis on mining and commercial fishing. There was a widespread investment in the construction of rail and sea transit, and new port facilities were constructed. Primorsky Krai

4080-427: The top North Korean diplomat in the country over a skirmish between the coast guard and fishing vessels in the Sea of Japan. Russia's Foreign Ministry expressed "serious concern" over the incident to Jin Jong-hyeop, the interim chargé d'affaires at the North Korean Embassy in Moscow . This was not the first time the countries have had run-ins in the region. North Korea had previously seized Russian boats - arresting

4148-464: The unique diversity of the plant world at species and genetic levels and the richness of plant resources. In the flora of Primorye, there are more than two thousand species of higher plants, of which are about 250 species of trees, bushes, and ligneous lianas. Flora of mosses and lichens are very diverse. As part of the coastal flora, there are many valuable medicinal, technical and food plants, many relict and endemic species. About 200 species are listed in

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4216-454: The world. Normally, the crossing is used only by citizens of Russia and North Korea, and is not open to nationals of other countries. In 2008, however, two Western tourists managed to enter North Korea from Russia by taking a train over the Friendship Bridge. In 2019, a Western-run travel agency specializing in North Korea tourism announced a Moscow–Pyongyang train tour that would also use the Khasan–Tumangang border crossing. In April 2015,

4284-403: Was captured, along with the 11 motorboats, according to the FSB. A total of 161 North Koreans were detained, including some wounded in the confrontation, who were given medical assistance. Both North Korean vessels, their crews, and 11 motorboats were taken to the Russian port of Nakhodka , where they were expected to stay until the end of the investigation. On 18 September 2019, Russia summoned

4352-409: Was financed in large measure by Russian and foreign capital investment. After the Russian Revolution and the victory of the communists, the new government renamed Primorskaya Oblast as the Zemstvo of Maritime Territory . It was defined as the Far-Eastern Republic (1920–1922). Within the Russian SFSR , this became Far-Eastern Oblast (1922–1926) and then Far-Eastern Krai (1926–1938). The area became

4420-417: Was formed by further subdivision of Far-Eastern Krai in 1938, as part of the Stalin-era policy of "unbundling". Primorsky Krai, as defined in 1938, corresponds to the northeastern part of the historical region of Russian Manchuria . On April 18, 1942, the region became accidentally involved in World War II , which the United States had entered after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in December 1941. Primorsky Krai

4488-400: Was not accepted by South Korea , which continues to view Noktundo as Korean territory. In the second half of the 20th century, thousands of North Korean refugees and displaced people crossed the border. Their descendants now live throughout Russia and other Commonwealth of Independent States countries. There is one crossing on the North Korea–Russia border: the Friendship Bridge over

4556-458: Was primarily engaged in hunting, fishing and cultivation. More than two-thirds of the territory's inhabitants followed these occupations. During the latter part of the 19th century, there was a significant resource, industrial and resulting economic development in Primorye. Coal mining became a prominent industry, as did the export of sea-kale , velvet antlers , timber , crab , dried fish , and trepangs . The rapid economic expansion of Primorye

4624-459: Was the location where one of 16 United States Army Air Corps B-25 Mitchell medium bombers landed. The group had been launched from USS Hornet to carry out the Doolittle Raid on Japan. Japan and the Soviet Union were not then at war. The landing occurred 40 miles (65 km) west of Vladivostok; the bomber's crew could not return to their base, the aircraft carrier Hornet, by the mission plan. The crew later returned home via Iran. During

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