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30-766: The ship Prins Willim was built in 1650 in Middelburg in the Dutch Republic . Curiously, the name on the ship was Prins Willim . Two possible reasons have been advanced: the ship's name is Middle Dutch or the lack of space for the name caused the "e" to be changed to a shorter "i". The ship was the flagship of Witte de With in the Battle of the Kentish Knock during the First Anglo-Dutch War . The ship sank near Madagascar in 1662. In

60-543: A similar style as found in cities like Amsterdam . The old city moats are still there, as are two of the city gates , the Koepoort Gate and the Varkenspoort Gate. Part of the 18th century moat and defence works, however, were demolished in the 19th century to make way for a commercial canal that crosses Walcheren from Vlissingen to Veere . The medieval abbey is still in use today, as a museum and as

90-529: Is a city and municipality in the south-western Netherlands serving as the capital of the province of Zeeland . Situated on the central peninsula of the Zeeland province, Midden-Zeeland (consisting of former islands Walcheren , Noord-Beveland and Zuid-Beveland ), it has a population of about 48,000. In terms of technology, Middelburg played a role in the Scientific Revolution at

120-499: Is close to the coast but the distance of 10–15 km means the winters are somewhat colder with especially lower winter minima and higher summer maxima. It has a temperate oceanic climate (Cfb) with few extremes. Winters tend to be mild, especially considering the northern latitude, summers are cool and precipitation is spread out evenly over the year. All seasons are warming up by about 0.5 °C/decade due to anthropogenic warming. The extremes measured since 2000, 2 km northeast of

150-411: Is diminished just 8 km further inland. The climate is warming due to anthropogenic influences, clearly witnessed by the fact that the previous record of 37.5 °C was measured just a year before. Also, in the past minima have been at and probably below −20 °C in winter months. Snowcover, days with airfrost and icedays (Tx < 0.0 °C) have greatly diminished and with it ice speedskating on

180-551: Is not relevant, so there are some very small cities. The smallest is Staverden in the Netherlands, with 40 inhabitants. In Belgium, Durbuy is the smallest city, whilst the smallest in Luxembourg is Vianden . When forced by financial problems, feudal landlords offered for sale privileges to settlements from around 1000. The total package of these comprises town privileges . Such sales raised (non-recurrent) revenue for

210-536: Is the club of the neighborhood of Dauwendaele. Middelburg has a railway station with intercity train connections to Vlissingen , Goes , Roosendaal , Rotterdam , The Hague , Leiden , Haarlem , and Amsterdam . Four trains leave every hour in both directions. City rights in the Netherlands City rights are a feature of the medieval history of the Low Countries , and, more generally,

240-645: The Eighty Years' War , the city was captured by Dutch rebels from the Spanish forces during a long siege (1572–1574). The northern provinces of the Low Countries won their independence from their former Spanish Habsburg rulers and formed the Dutch Republic , a Protestant state. Later, during the 17th century (the Dutch Golden Age ), Middelburg became, after Holland 's metropolis Amsterdam ,

270-624: The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation . A liege lord , usually a count , duke or similar member of the high nobility, granted to a town or village he owned certain town privileges that places without city rights did not have. In Belgium , Luxembourg , and the Netherlands , a town, often proudly, calls itself a city if it obtained a complete package of city rights at some point in its history. Its current population

300-609: The Nagasaki Holland Village ( 長崎オランダ村 , Nagasaki Oranda Mura ) theme park in Seihi , Nagasaki Prefecture , Japan . The building cost was 1.4 billion yen. In 2003, Huis Ten Bosch K. K. , the operating company of Nagasaki Holland Village declared bankruptcy and the replica was sold to a Dutch company for 130 million yen. In 2004, the replica became part of the theme park Cape Holland in Den Helder ,

330-515: The early modern period . The town was historically a center of lens crafting in the Golden Age of Dutch science and technology . The invention of the microscope and telescope is often credited to Middelburg spectacle-makers (including Zacharias Janssen and Hans Lipperhey ) in the late 16th century and early 17th century. The city of Middelburg dates back possibly to the late 8th century or early 9th century. The first mention of Middelburg

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360-525: The Jews of Zeeland who started their journey to the death camps from the Middelburg train station. About a third of the old city centre was devastated by bombs and fire in the early phases of World War II, on 17 May 1940. It is still not certain if German bombers or French artillery were responsible. The town was captured and liberated by British troops during Operation Infatuate on 6 November 1944. After

390-558: The Netherlands. In 2009, the bowsprit of the Prins Willim replica was being restored. On the morning of 30 July 2009, the replica was lost to fire, probably due to an electric malfunction. The owner of the ship, the Libéma company, decided on a restoration. In 2014 the ship was dismantled, as the restoration turned out to be too expensive. Middelburg, Zeeland Middelburg ( Dutch: [ˈmɪdəlbʏr(ə)x] )

420-508: The War, as much of the destroyed part of the old town center was rebuilt and restored along pre-War lines as far as was possible. The city's archives, however, had been incinerated during the German bombardment. Modern Middelburg has preserved and regained much of its historic and picturesque character. There are lavish 17th and 18th century merchant houses and storehouses standing along canals , of

450-539: The authority they had previously had: law-making and the judiciary had become part of the state . After the Constitution of 1848 and the Municipal Law of 1851, the differences between the legal privileges of cities, towns, and villages were permanently erased. In the early 19th century, when several important towns (especially The Hague ) wanted to call themselves cities, the custom of granting city status

480-481: The canals, a favourite sport in the winter months, has become very infrequent since 2013 especially. When William of Orange decided to found the first university in the Netherlands in 1575, he initially considered locating it in Middelburg. Ultimately he chose Leiden , however, and Middelburg—as well as all of Zeeland—remained without a university until 2004 when University College Roosevelt (formerly known as Roosevelt Academy ), affiliated with Utrecht University ,

510-561: The development and centralization of a national government. In the Netherlands the last city to receive real city rights (as defined above) was Willemstad in 1586. During the Dutch Republic , only Blokzijl gained city rights (in 1672). After the Batavian Revolution in 1795, municipalities were styled after the French model and city rights were abolished by law. Although partially restored after 1813, cities did not fully regain

540-568: The feudal lords, in exchange for the loss of power. Over time, the landlords sold more and more privileges. This resulted in a shift of power within the counties and duchies in the Low Countries from the aristocracy to the bourgeoisie, starting in Flanders . Some of these cities even developed into city-states . The growing economic and military power concentrating in the cities led to a very powerful class of well-to-do merchants and traders. Privileges Freedoms Governance Note several of

570-540: The following were first granted city rights during the medieval period. The first community in the contemporary Kingdom of the Netherlands to receive city rights was Deventer in 956. It can be argued that some cities have older rights: for instance Nijmegen may have been granted city status during the Roman Empire . Another case is Voorburg , which is built on the site of the Roman settlement Forum Hadriani and

600-667: The most important center for the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands. As such, Middelburg also played an important role in the 17th century slave trade . Samuel Ben Israel, son of Menasseh Ben Israel , is buried in Middelburg at the Sephardic burial site located at the 'Jodengang' outside the citywall. Menasseh Ben Israel negotiated with Cromwell

630-600: The opening of England, and its colonies, to the Jews. Middelburg also has an Ashkenazic burial site, which is located at the Walensingel inside the city wall. In 1994 the synagogue was restored, as it was partially destroyed during the Second World War. This synagogue was the third one to be built in the Netherlands during the Golden Age. In the hall of the railway station there is a plaque of remembrance for

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660-504: The same period as the building of the original ship also a replica in 1:50 scale was built. This model still survives and is on permanent exhibition in the Dutch national museum Rijksmuseum Amsterdam . In 1978 this model was fully restorated and a replica of the same scale was constructed. A full size replica with the same name was built in 1984–85 at the Dutch shipyard Amels in Makkum for

690-519: The seat of the provincial government. Ambrosius Bosschaert the Elder (1573–1621) was a still life painter of the Dutch Golden Age who worked most of his life in Middelburg. He had three sons, Johannes Bosschaert (1606/08– 1628/29), Ambrosius Bosschaert II (1609–1645) and Abraham Bosschaert the Younger (1612–1643) who were all Dutch Golden Age painters. The painter Pieter Gaal (1769–1819)

720-457: The town in the countryside with calibrated equipment have been −17.2 °C on 4 February 2012 and 40.9 °C on 25 July 2019, the latter unofficially being a new Dutch all-time high record, slightly above the 40.7 °C measured at Gilzerijen KNMI and 40.6 °C in Westdorpe. Vlissingen KNMI measured −11.0 °C and 37.5 °C on the same dates, clearly showing how much the influence

750-526: Was as one of three fortified towns ( borgs ) erected on Walcheren (then an island) to guard against Viking raids. In 844 a monastery was built on the site, which remained an active Catholic foundation until the Reformation. Foundations for Middelburg's "stately and picturesque" main church were first laid in the 10th century; additional construction continued through the Middle Ages. Middelburg

780-466: Was born here in 1723. In 1774 she was inducted as an honorary member of the academy Kunstliefde Spaart Geen Vlijt. Also, she presented the academy with poems, translated from French plays. She died in Utrecht in 1786. Aside from the town of Middelburg, the municipality also includes several population centres, including: Arnemuiden , Kleverskerke , Nieuw- en Sint Joosland and Sint Laurens . The town

810-623: Was born, settled and died here, after traveling over Europe to paint. Another well-known citizen of Middelburg was the admiral and explorer Jacob Roggeveen , who was born in the city in 1659 and died there in 1729. Roggeveen discovered Easter Island (Rapa Nui) in the South Pacific Ocean on Easter Sunday, 6 April 1722. Further discoveries on the same journey included islands of the Tuamotu group, now part of French Polynesia . Petronella Johanna de Timmerman , scientist and poet,

840-470: Was established. A campus of the HZ University of Applied Sciences is also located in the city, although this institution has its headquarters in the nearby city of Vlissingen. Middelburg has a rugby club, Oemoemenoe, and four football (soccer) clubs: MZVC, Zeelandia Middelburg, Jong Ambon and FC Dauwendaele. Jong Ambon is translated Young Ambon, and consists of mostly Ambonese players. FC Dauwendaele

870-559: Was granted city rights in 1217. During the Middle Ages , it became an important trading centre in the commerce between England and the rising cities of Flanders , a fact commented on by Geoffrey Chaucer in The Canterbury Tales . The town continued to gain in power and prestige during the 13th and 14th centuries. From 1559 to 1603, Middelburg was the episcopal see of a Catholic bishopric covering all Zeeland . In

900-459: Was granted city status in about AD 151, but was abandoned in the late 3rd century: thus the current settlement is not considered an uninterrupted continuation of the Roman city. At the end of the Middle Ages , the number of grants of city status fell dramatically. The strong position of merchants and traders allowed the Netherlands to become the first modern republic in the 16th century. The institution of city status gradually came to an end with

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