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72-581: In the summer of 1917, members of the National Woman's Party (NWP) began to stage protests outside the White House in Washington, D.C., demanding the vote for women. Over the course of the summer and fall, many of the women were arrested, often on charges of obstructing traffic, and fined. When they refused to pay those fines, they were jailed. At first, penalties were relatively light, but as

144-682: A co-founder of the NWP. Although Paul was closely tied to the militant suffrage campaign in England, when she left to pursue suffrage in the United States, instead Paul pioneered civil disobedience in the United States. For example, members of the WSPU heckled members of parliament, spit on police officers, and committed arson. While the British suffragettes stopped their protests in 1914 and supported

216-688: A coalition of conservatives led by Phyllis Schlafly and never passed. When the National Women's Party was incorporated in 1918 there were forty-four states and the District of Columbia represented. Florence Bayard Hilles as the National Committee Chairman and Miss Mary Ingham as secretary. El Paso Herald-Post The El Paso Herald-Post was an afternoon daily newspaper in El Paso, Texas , United States. It

288-613: A different attitude towards militancy. Catt disapproved of the radical strategies, inspired by the British "Suffragettes", Paul and Burns were trying to implement into the American Suffrage Movement. The split was confirmed by a major difference of opinion on the Shafroth–Palmer Amendment. This amendment was spearheaded by Alice Paul's replacement as chair of the National's Congressional Committee, and

360-623: A national suffrage amendment. There are many different theories about why Wilson changed his stance of suffrage. Wilson favored  woman suffrage at the state level, but held off support for a nationwide constitutional amendment because his party was sharply divided, with the South opposing an amendment on the grounds of state's rights. The only Southern state to grant women the vote was Arkansas. The NWP in 1917–1919 repeatedly targeted Wilson and his party for not enacting an amendment. Wilson, however, kept in close touch with more moderate suffragists of

432-508: A notable member of the NWP, wrote about their horrible experiences in the Occoquan Workhouse in her memoir Jailed for Freedom . The resulting publicity was at a time when Wilson was trying to build a reputation for himself and the nation as an international leader in human rights . Many of banners featured quotes from Wilson about preserving democracy abroad, which called attention to Wilson's hypocrisy and his lack of support for

504-406: A possible federal encroachment into their restrictive system of voting laws, meant to disenfranchise the black voter. Paul and Burns felt that this amendment was a lethal distraction from the true and ultimately necessary goal of an all-encompassing federal amendment protecting the rights of all women—especially as the bruising rounds of state referendums were perceived at the time as almost damaging

576-513: A powerful Virginian Democrat who chaired the House Rules Committee. He was a conservative who strongly opposed civil rights laws for blacks, but voted in support of such laws for white women. Smith's amendment was passed by a teller vote of 168 to 133. Historians debate Smith's motivation—was it a cynical attempt to defeat the bill by someone opposed to both civil rights for blacks and women, or did he support women's rights and

648-488: A publicity photo with a police captain because "it will make such a good cut for the newspapers." She was careful to make sure the captain was shaking her hand when the picture was taken so that no one would think she was being arrested on tour. The Prison Special was a draw for crowds: Abby Scott Baker reported that the police estimated that 2,000 people attended the stop in Charleston, South Carolina. But their reception

720-454: A result, a diverse group of activists such as pacifists and Socialists were attracted to the NWP due to its opposition to an anti-suffrage president. The escalating conflict in Europe didn't stop Alice Paul and the NWP from protesting Wilson's hypocritical stance on the war. Wilson promoted the idea of maintaining democracy abroad, even though the United States still denied half of its citizens

792-463: A single-minded and single-issue pressure group, still reliant on getting into the newspapers as a means of publicizing its cause, very insistent on the method of "getting in touch with the key men." NWP lobbyists went straight to legislators, governors, and presidents, not to their constituents. In 1972 Congress passed the ERA Amendment and many states ratified it, but in 1982 it was stopped by

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864-417: A step so that they could speak through the train platform's grill, which mimicked the bars of a prison. In an interview with the newspaper, Abby Scott Baker provided some insight into the women's experience as public speakers: "It is not easy to begin speaking on the street", she said. "Even though you are in the midst of a crowd, you have to begin talking to the air. But when you start out 'Ladies and gentlemen,

936-499: A traditional political party and therefore would not endorse a candidate for president during elections. While non-partisan, the NWP directed most of its attention to President Woodrow Wilson and the Democrats, criticizing them as responsible for the failure to pass a constitutional amendment. As a result, in 1918, Paul ran a campaign that boycotted Democrats because of their refusal to support women's suffrage. They decided to boycott

1008-441: A way to include sex as a protected civil rights category. Now was the moment. Griffiths argued that the new law would protect black women but not white women, and that was unfair to white women. Furthermore, she argued that the laws "protecting" women from unpleasant jobs were actually designed to enable men to monopolize those jobs, and that was unfair to women who were not allowed to try out for those jobs. The amendment passed with

1080-441: A while, the guards were told to force-feed the women. They had long narrow tubes shoved down their throats, which caused many injuries that failed to heal. The suffragists were also forced to provide labor in the workhouses and were often beaten and abused. Taking advantage of the mistreatment and physical abuse, some of the suffragists shared their stories to the press and to The Suffragist , their suffrage newspaper. Doris Stevens ,

1152-527: The Silent Sentinels persisted in their vigil, sentences became more harsh. In July and August of that year, women were sentenced to unusually harsh sentences of sixty days and many were imprisoned at Occoquan Workhouse in Virginia. In their belief that they were political prisoners, they refused to eat prison food, to perform work, or to wear the rough-cut prison uniforms provided to prisoners. By

1224-471: The Suffrage Special . By 1919, the more radical NWP declared that this tour "would endeavor to acquaint the country with the lawless and brutal lengths to which the [Wilson] Administration has gone to suppress the lawful agitation for suffrage." To pursue that goal, the women would detail the time they spent in prison for what they insisted was peaceable assembly. Initially, the women wanted to paint

1296-448: The comb , they reenacted their arrests through dramatic readings, and they distributed pamphlets, including "Jailed for Freedom" (not to be confused with Doris Stevens' work published in 1920 under the same title). Perhaps most significantly, they dressed in replicas of their prison uniforms—described in the NWP publication, The Suffragist , as "calico wrappers designed exactly after the pattern of those which they were forced to wear in

1368-662: The "Prison Special" train tour stopped at 16 cities across the United States to highlight the arrest, incarceration, and ill-treatment of women who had participated in protests supporting women's suffrage. The NWP members aboard the chartered train (nicknamed "The Democracy Limited") included veteran organizers Abby Scott Baker , Lucy Gwynne Branham , Lucy Burns , Mary Nolan (the NWP's "oldest picket"), Vida Milholland , Agnes Morey and Mabel Vernon . To make their argument, they gave speeches from rented halls, train platforms, and automobiles, they sang jail songs from their time in prison, including " The Women's Marseillaise ", and played

1440-502: The "cloth of guilt" and which had been described as "the clumsiest sort of clothing--heavy, shapeless dresses; underclothing of unbleached muslin and woolen stockings--garments that are hot in the summer and cold in winter, and given to prisoners regardless of season." Two years after their incarceration at Occoquan and at a city jail in Washington, D.C., the women on the Prison Special hoped to use these same uniforms as evidence of

1512-826: The 1920 adoption of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution , the NWP advocated for other issues including the Equal Rights Amendment . The most prominent leader of the National Woman's Party was Alice Paul , and its most notable event was the 1917–1919 Silent Sentinels vigil outside the gates of the White House. On January 1, 2021, NWP ceased operations as an independent non-profit organization and assigned its trademark rights and other uses of

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1584-460: The British war effort, Paul continued her struggle for women's equality and organized picketing of a wartime president to maintain attention to the lack of enfranchisement for women.  Members of the NWP argued it was hypocritical for the United States to fight a war for democracy in Europe while denying its benefits to half of the US population. Similar arguments were being made in Europe, where most of

1656-553: The Democrats in midterm elections, using the voting power of women in the west, appealing to Wilson everyday through picketing, and calling out Wilson for supporting world democracy but not supporting it at home. These tactics were a contributing factor in getting Wilson to change his position on the suffrage bill. It passed but the Senate stalled until 1919 then finally sent the amendment to the states for ratification. Scholar Belinda A. Stillion Southard has written that "...the campaign of

1728-513: The ERA, doggedly lobbying year in and year out for the amendment's introduction in Congress." In 1997, the NWP ceased to be a lobbying organization. Instead, it turned its focus to education and to preserving its collection of first hand source documents from the women's suffrage movement. The NWP continues to function as an educational organization, maintaining and interpreting the collection left by

1800-755: The NAWSA. Wilson continued to hold off until he was sure the Democratic Party in the North was in support; the 1917 referendum in New York State in favor of suffrage proved decisive for him. In January 1918, Wilson went in person to the House and made a strong and widely published appeal to the House to pass the bill. The NWP had many innovative non-violent tactics including staging sit-ins, organizing deputations of high class and working-class women, boycotting

1872-406: The NWP did support working women and their support was vital throughout their campaign for the national Amendment. Alice Paul organized many working class deputations and even sent over 400 blue collar workers to meet with Wilson. Although seen as highly controversial due to the status difference, this move showed Paul's support for all types of women, not just those of prestigious class. After 1920,

1944-656: The NWP hoped to sway the sentiment of the Democratic Party, which had resisted the cause of women's suffrage, on to the Western states, where the NWP expected to rally women already enfranchised by their states to the cause of a federal amendment, and through the Northern states and the Northeast, ending in New York City. In addition to its published itinerary, the Prison Special also made several unscheduled stops which

2016-514: The NWP was crucial toward securing the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment." The NWP played a critical role in the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920, which granted U.S. women the right to vote. Alice Paul then turned her attention to securing the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) which she felt was vital for women to secure gender equality. The NWP regrouped in 1923 and published the magazine Equal Rights . The publication

2088-444: The National Woman's Party authored over 600 pieces of legislation fighting for women's equality; over 300 were passed. In addition, the NWP continued to lobby for the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and under president Sarah Tarleton Colvin , who served in 1933, pressed for equal pay. Scholar Mary K. Trigg has noted, "...the NWP played a central role in the women's rights movement after 1945. It stuck to its laser-like focus on

2160-477: The Prison Special. During the tour, the women held mass meetings, often greeted by delegations of women—NWP members, club women, and others—at local hotels. The women on the Prison Special also used "motion pictures", likely a magic lantern show, as another visual way to represent their experiences of incarceration. Participants in the Prison Special tour were capable publicists. In an article for Scribner's Magazine , Louisine Havemeyer recalls being asked to take

2232-572: The Scripps-Howard newspaper chain shut the paper down in 1997, it cited a substantial decline in circulation, similar to that experienced by other afternoon newspapers in the U.S. at the time. On August 24, 2015, a former local news employee revived the El Paso Herald-Post brand by launching a website with the same name. However, the online-only publication has no affiliation with the former newspaper. This article about

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2304-506: The activities of the NWP and featured writing from contributors including Crystal Eastman , Zona Gale , Ruth Hale and Inez Haynes Irwin . Josephine Casey appeared on the cover of the publication in April 1931 as a result of her recurring column about the labour conditions of female textile workers in Georgia. The Nineteenth amendment, which prohibits the denial of the right to vote on

2376-734: The allied nations of Europe had enfranchised some women or soon would. After their experience with militant suffrage work in Great Britain, Alice Paul and Lucy Burns reunited in the United States in 1910. The two women originally were appointed to the Congressional Committee of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA). In March 1913, the two women organized the first national suffrage parade of 5,000–8,000 women (by differing estimates) in Washington, D.C., on

2448-473: The amendment and, indeed, along with Rep. Martha Griffiths , he was the chief spokesperson for the amendment. For twenty years Smith had sponsored the Equal Rights Amendment—with no linkage to racial issues—in the House because he believed in it. For decades he had been close to the National Woman's Party and especially Paul. She and other activists had worked with Smith since 1945 trying to find

2520-544: The basis of sex, became the law of the land when it was ratified by a sufficient number of states in 1920. Many African American women and men in the Jim Crow South, however, remained disenfranchised after the ratification of this amendment until the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Today, the National Woman's Party exists as a 501c3 educational organization. Its task is now the maintenance and interpretation of

2592-540: The cause for which they are fighting." Journalist Carolyn Vance Bell wrote that the women on the Prison Special "were primed to unfold a harrowing tale...[about] the secrets of the prison house which...are guaranteed to freeze the feminine blood..." Such representations suggested that the injuries to these women—as opposed to working-class women or to African-American women—were injuries that mattered. While programs varied from stop to stop, certain speakers were consistently featured. Louisine Havemeyer regularly spoke first, and

2664-489: The cause of liberty is sacred,' some of them will stop to see what is going on and, if you keep on, you will get them interested". The participants of the Prison Special tour, all women who had served time in jail for supporting suffrage, included: Some of the women aboard the Prison Special had some experience with train tours, having worked with the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage in 1916 to organize

2736-409: The cause. In Paul's words: "It is a little difficult to treat with seriousness an equivocating, evasive, childish substitute for the simple and dignified suffrage amendment now before Congress." Women associated with the party staged a very innovative suffrage parade on March 3, 1913 , the day before Wilson's inauguration. During the group's first meeting, Paul clarified that the party would not be

2808-552: The collection and archives of the historic National Woman's Party. The NWP operates out of the Belmont–Paul Women's Equality National Monument in Washington, DC, where objects from the collection are exhibited. The legacy that this group left behind is mixed. While Alice Paul and the NWP were instrumental in the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment was passed, the Party failed to include Black women and refused to help Black women gain

2880-415: The criticisms of this first national suffrage parade was the barrier of women of color from participating side by side with white women. Even though Paul never opposed black women getting the right to vote, she barred them from marching with the white women and forced them to be in the back of the parade with the men to appease southern women. The parade quickly devolved into chaos due to violent reactions from

2952-649: The crowd and a lack of support by the local police. The D.C. police did little to help the suffragists; but the women were assisted by the Massachusetts National Guard, the Pennsylvania National Guard, and boys from the Maryland Agricultural College, who created a human barrier protecting the women from the angry crowd. After this incident, which Paul effectively used to rally public opinion to

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3024-507: The day before Woodrow Wilson's inauguration. This was designed as a political tactic to show the strength of women and to show that they would pursue their goals under Wilson's administration. Leading the parade was Inez Milholland who wore all white and rode on a white horse, which later served as a symbol for the suffrage movement. This placement of Millholland at the start of the parade was strategic because of Mulholland's beauty, Paul knew she would attract media attention and followers. One of

3096-462: The entire party, including pro-suffrage Democrats. Eventually, the boycott of Democrats spearheaded by the NWP lead to a Republican majority in the house. The National Woman's Party continued to focus on suffrage as their main cause. It refused to either support or attack American involvement in the World War, while the rival NAWSA, under Carrie Chapman Catt gave full support to the war effort. As

3168-517: The fall, three of the women who had been participating in a hunger strike were subjected to forced feedings . Public pressure forced officials to release the women held at Occoquan, but arrests continued throughout 1918 as the NWP intensified its lobbying efforts on behalf of women's suffrage. At the beginning of 1919, members of the NWP lit watch fires at both the White House and in nearby Lafayette Park , prompting another wave of arrests. Ultimately, 168 women would serve prison time. In February 1919,

3240-431: The hardship of their struggle. While the adoption of the prison uniform helped to dramatize the struggle for women's suffrage, scholars also point to the ways in which the status of the "Prison Specialists" as elite white women was foregrounded. Newspaper accounts often remarked on their "refinement" and "education" and noted that they were "women of wealth who have chosen to humiliate themselves that attention may be drawn to

3312-465: The information you need. After the amendment for the women's right to vote was passed, the publication was discontinued by the National Woman's Party and succeeded in 1923 by Equal Rights . Published until 1954, Equal Rights began as a weekly newsletter and evolved into a bi-monthly release aimed at keeping NWP members informed about developments related to the ERA and legislative issues. It included field reports, legislation updates and features about

3384-474: The literature distributed during the tour. Ella Riegel managed tour logistics and Abby Scott Baker served as publicist. The Prison Special left Union Station in Washington, D.C., on February 15, 1919, the anniversary of the birthday of women's rights activist Susan B. Anthony . The published itinerary included stops in the following cities: The route moved systematically through the Southern states, where

3456-494: The pamphlet "Jailed for Freedom", the women also handed out a list of grievances against the Wilson Administration, noting that President Wilson "speaks for" women's suffrage, but "does nothing to promote it." A political cartoon drawn by Nina Allender , the official cartoonist for the NWP, shows a suffragist holding a copy of the "Senate Record" and carrying luggage labeled "N.W.P. Democracy Limited" about to board

3528-574: The party's name to the educational non-profit, Alice Paul Institute. The Alice Paul Institute has invited three members of NWP Board of Directors to join their board and in the near future will create a new committee to "advise on a potential expansion of programs to the Washington, DC area and nationally". The papers and artifacts of the NWP, were donated to the Library of Congress and the National Park Service to make them available to

3600-460: The passage of a constitutional amendment ensuring women's suffrage throughout the United States. Alice Paul was closely linked to England's Women's Suffrage Political Union (WSPU), organized by Emmeline Pankhurst . While a college student in England, Paul became involved with the Pankhursts and their English suffrage campaign. During this time Alice Paul met Lucy Burns, who would go on and be

3672-401: The public. The National Woman's Party was an outgrowth of the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage , which had been formed in 1913 by Alice Paul and Lucy Burns to fight for women's suffrage . The National Woman's Party broke from the much larger National American Woman Suffrage Association , which had focused on attempting to gain women's suffrage at the state level. The NWP prioritized

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3744-447: The right to vote. The NWP pickets were seen as controversial because they continued during war time and other suffrage groups like NAWSA chose to support the war effort. Known as " Silent Sentinels ", their action lasted from January 10, 1917 until June 1919. The picketers were tolerated at first, but when they continued to picket after the United States declared war in 1917, they were arrested by police for obstructing traffic. Regardless of

3816-502: The right to vote. To keep the support of southern members of the NWP, Paul refused to bring up the issue of race in the south. Her single-minded focus on the ERA caused her to refuse to fight the Jim Crow Laws barring black women the right to vote. Historian Nancy Cott has noted that as the party moved into the 1920s it remained ideologically consistent in the pursuit of a solitary goal for women and it remained an autocratically run,

3888-405: The status of the suffrage amendment. The woman who reads our paper will be informed as to happenings in Congress, not only suffrage happenings, although they come first, but all proceedings of special interest to women. Men do not realize how serious are the changes that are taking place in the conduct of Congress. Women will have to inform them. Only in the pages of The Suffragist will you find

3960-511: The successful adoption of the amendment a year later, in August 1920. The NWP, along with several members of the Prison Special tour, would continue the fight for women's rights by supporting the Equal Rights Amendment , a struggle that continues today. National Woman%27s Party The National Woman's Party ( NWP ) was an American women's political organization formed in 1916 to fight for women's suffrage . After achieving this goal with

4032-571: The suffrage cause, Paul and Burns founded the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage in April 1913, which split off from NAWSA later that year. There were many reasons for the split, but primarily Paul and Burns were frustrated with the National's slower approach of focusing on individual state referendums and wanted to pursue a congressional amendment. Alice Paul had also chafed under the leadership of Carrie Chapman Catt , as she had very different ideas of how to go about suffrage work, and

4104-483: The train car they would travel in with prison bars, but the Railway Administration would "not allow the painting of the cars to look like prison cells, nor any other insignia denoting the character and purpose of the car." Instead, the women opted to highlight their prison experiences by appearing in public dressed in their prison uniforms (or replicas of those uniforms), which they once referred to as

4176-523: The votes of Republicans and Southern Democrats. The final law passed with the votes of Republicans and Northern Democrats. Pauli Murray was also instrumental in the inclusion of sex in Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act prohibits the discrimination based on sex, which has been attributed to the betterment of women as a group. The Suffragist newspaper

4248-481: The weather, the women stood outside of the White House holding banners, constantly reminding Wilson of his hypocrisy. When they were first arrested, Lucy Burns claimed that they were political prisoners but were treated as regular prisoners.  As a tribute to their commitment to suffrage, they refused to pay the fines  and accepted prison time. The first night that the Silent Sentinels spent in jail

4320-554: The woman's suffrage amendment was defeated by just one vote in the Senate. To secure public support and pressure legislators into passing the amendment before the end of the congressional session in March, the NWP launched a campaign they dubbed "From Prison to People," a three-week train tour across the United States. Designed to educate the public about the "brutal and lawless measures of the Administration to suppress suffrage,"

4392-424: The women took full advantage of. In El Paso, Texas, a "flat wheel" on the Prison Special car forced an overnight stay. The El Paso Herald reports that Lucy Burns, Amelia Himes Walker Elizabeth McShane , and Sue Shelton White "preached the doctrine of suffrage" while other suffragists distributed literature to the gathered crowd. They carried flags with the suffrage colors of gold, purple, and white and stood on

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4464-475: The work of the historic National Woman's Party. Congress passed the ERA Amendment and many states ratified it, but at the last minute in 1982 it was stopped by a coalition of conservatives led by Phyllis Schlafly and never passed. In 1963 Congress passed the Equal Pay Act of 1963 , which prohibited wage differentials based on sex. The prohibition on sex discrimination was added by Howard W. Smith ,

4536-418: The work-house, thereby making the accounts of their experiences in the jail more vivid." The tour was expensive and the cost—about $ 20,000—was funded by state branches of the NWP and individual donations from members. Louisine Havemeyer , a wealthy New York socialite and suffragist, also donated $ 1500 to the cause. William B. Thompson , a businessman, philanthropist, and supporter of women's suffrage, paid for

4608-541: Was "not in sympathy with the militant suffraget class." Often, however, the crowds were in sympathy with the tactics of the Prison Specialists, booing and hissing their treatment and crying "Shame! Shame on our government!" Just three months after the conclusion of the Prison Special tour, Congress voted for passage of the 19th Amendment in June 1919. State-by-state ratification of the 19th Amendment would end in

4680-476: Was a compromise of sorts meant to appease racist sentiment in the South . Shafroth–Palmer was to be a constitutional amendment that would require any state with more than 8 percent signing an initiative petition to hold a state referendum on suffrage. This would have kept the law-making out of federal hands, a proposition more attractive to the South. Southern states feared a congressional women's suffrage amendment as

4752-426: Was attempting to improve the bill by broadening it to include women? Smith expected that Republicans, who had included equal rights for women in their party's platform since 1944, would probably vote for the amendment. Historians speculate that Smith was trying to embarrass northern Democrats who opposed civil rights for women because the clause was opposed by labor unions. Smith asserted that he sincerely supported

4824-475: Was directed towards women but also intended to educate men about the benefits of women's suffrage, women's rights and other issues concerning American women. Men and women shall have equal rights throughout the United States and every place subject to its jurisdiction. The NWP did not support protective legislation and argued that these laws would continue to depress women's wages and prevent women from gaining access to all types of work and parts of society. But,

4896-419: Was founded by the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage in 1913. It was referred to as "the only women's political newspaper in the United States" and was published to promote women's suffrage activities. The Suffragist would follow weekly events and promote different views held by the leaders of the NWP. Its articles had political cartoons, by Nina E. Allender to garner support for the movement and communicate

4968-551: Was introduced as a grandmother of 11 children and one of the richest women in New York. She often spoke about the cause of women's suffrage being a just one and newspaper reports commented on her dignity and poise. Abby Scott Baker would often speak next; other speakers included Lucy Burns, Mary Winsor, who had spent 66 days in jail, and Lucy Branham. Often, while one woman was speaking, others, dressed in their prison clothes, would stand silently behind her. In addition to distributing

5040-468: Was known as the Night of Terror : the prisoners were beaten until a few of them were unconscious, starved, and Burns had her hands chained above her head. Due to this unlawful detention, many of the NWP's members went on hunger strikes ; some, including Lucy Burns and Paul, were force-fed by jail personnel as a consequence. Hunger strikes left the women weak and in terrible conditions, but they persisted. After

5112-509: Was not always enthusiastic. Some newspapers reported the meetings encouraged "decidedly unnatural feminine sentiments." Other suffragists wanted to separate themselves from the more radical tactics of the NWP, whose members had burned an effigy of President Wilson the previous year. In Columbia, South Carolina, the mayor warned the women that "disloyal utterances would not be tolerated." The Equal Franchise League in El Paso, Texas, declared that it

5184-523: Was the successor to the El Paso Herald , first published in 1881, and the El Paso Post, founded by the E. W. Scripps Company in 1922. The papers merged in 1931 under Scripps ownership. The Herald-Post was nominated for two Pulitzer Prizes in 1987 for a story about a Mexican drug lord and for its literacy campaign. It later launched the El Paso area's first online news site in 1996. When

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