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43-635: Prokuplje is one of the Roman sites of Serbia . When South Serbs first settled in this area in the 6th century, the city was known as Komplos . The town was known as Ürgüp during Ottoman rule. After Serbia's victory over the Ottomans, Prokuplje was incorporated into the Kingdom of Serbia in 1878. The Toplica district is located in southern Serbia , in the central part of the Balkan peninsula . Prokuplje

86-406: Is located between municipalities of Blace , Kuršumlija , Bojnik , Žitorađa , Merošina , Aleksinac , and Kruševac . Prokuplje has a humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification : Dfa ). The traces of early settlements can be found at Neolithic sites such as Macina (near Zitni Potok), Kavolak 6 kilometres (4 miles) west of Prokuplje (village Donja Trnava ) and settlements on

129-455: Is now southern Iran and emanated from there around the world, or it happened independently in different places, the Vinča culture area of Serbia and Bulgaria being one of them, and for now the oldest to be researched and dated. In October 2008, Serbian archaeologists at Pločnik found a copper axe believed to be 7,500 years old, making it 500–800 years older than what had previously been considered to be

172-750: The Sanjak of Novi Pazar to establish the new Vilayet of Novi Pazar which existed less than a year, when the previous situation was restored. Albanians were a majority population in some areas of the Sanjak of Niš, like the Toplica region and some villages in the district of Vranje , prior to the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) . During and after the Serbian–Ottoman War of 1876–78, between 30,000 and 70,000 Muslims, mostly Albanians, were expelled by

215-676: The 1877–1878 period , Albanians were expelled by Serbian forces, in a way that today would be characterized as ethnic cleansing . It is estimated that around 11,437 Albanians left their homes in 119 villages in the Prokuplje district with the arrival of the Royal Serbian Army . A report was made by local authorities in early 1878 for the minister of education at the time, Alimpje Vasiljević . There were 131 villages, with 1,485 Serbian homes and 1,553 Muslim homes, while 12 villages were unregistered as snowfall made them inaccessible, but

258-519: The Austrian troops who were advancing in the area. Prokuplje was captured by Austrian troops and Serbian Militia in 1689, but after the Ottoman counter-offensive, the town was burned down during the Austrian retreat of 1690, in spite of Habsburg colonel Antonije Znorić 's orders to the contrary. Serbs, who had supported the Austrian troops, after their withdrawal started increasingly emigrating from

301-633: The Byzantine foedorati or a fraction of the early invading Slavs who upon organizing in their refuge of the Dinarides , formed the ethnogenesis of Serbs and were pardoned by the Byzantine Empire after acknowledging their suzerainty. In ancient geographical sources, Moesia was bounded to the south by the Balkans ( Haemus ) and Šar mountain ( Scardus , Scordus , Scodrus ) mountains, to

344-483: The Byzantine Empire was stretched defending its rich Asian provinces from Arabs, Persians and Turks. This meant that even numerically small, disorganised early Slavic raids were capable of causing much disruption, but could not capture the larger, fortified cities on the Aegean coast. The Slavs invaded Balkans during Justinian I rule (527–565), when eventually up to 100,000 Slavs raided Thessalonica . The Western Balkans

387-601: The Ottoman Empire . After 1443 Niš was under control of Đurađ Branković . In 1448 it was again captured by Ottoman Empire and remained under its control for the next 241 years. Toponyms such as Arbanaška and Đjake shows an Albanian presence in the Toplica and Southern Morava regions (located north-east of contemporary Kosovo) since the Late Middle Ages. Albanians in the Niš region converted to Islam after

430-463: The Principate were: Naissus (modern Niš ), Viminacium (sometimes called municipium Aelium; modern Kostolac ), Singidunum (modern Belgrade ), Remesiana (modern Bela Palanka ) Many Roman noblemen and statesmen were born in present-day Serbia, including 17 or 18 Roman Emperors ( Vetranio wasn't universally recognized as an emperor, but was proclaimed a caesar ). The Byzantine era in

473-588: The Roman Empire was divided, the Toplica region became part of the Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire . The place became known as Komplos or Komblos ( village-town ). Some historians believe that Komplos was rebuilt by Emperor Justinian (r. 527–565). When South Serbs first settled in this area in the 6th century, the city was known as Komplos . During the 9th-11th centuries and the 13th century

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516-634: The Slavic incursions since he was influenced by his confinement in Constantinople from 571 up until 579. Moreover, he perceived the Slavs as God's instrument for punishing the persecutors of the Monophysites . By 586, they managed to raid the western Peloponnese , Attica , Epirus , leaving only the east part of Peloponnese, which was mountainous and inaccessible. In Maurice's Balkan campaigns ,

559-732: The Slavs to accept the suzerainty of the Avars, he however declined and is reported as saying: "Others do not conquer our land, we conquer theirs [...] so it shall always be for us". In 577 some 100,000 Slavs poured into Thrace and Illyricum , pillaging cities and settling down. By the 580s, as the Slav communities on the Danube became larger and more organised, and as the Avars exerted their influence, raids became larger and resulted in permanent settlement. In 586 AD, as many as 100,000 Slav warriors raided Thessaloniki. By 581, many Slavic tribes had settled

602-405: The area became part of the Ottoman Empire. Further Medieval Albanian toponyms are recorded in the area such as Arbanaška Mountain (Albanian Mountain), Arbanaško Hill (Albanian Hill), Arbanaška River (Albanian river) etc. In 1689 (during Great Turkish War ) and in 1737 Niš was captured for a brief period of time by Austrian monarchy . The Ottoman-Habsburg wars and their aftermath resulted in

645-408: The area, while there was an increase of Muslim Albanian migration into the town. Toponyms such as Arbanaška and Đjake shows an historic Albanian presence in modern-day Prokuplje area that dates to the medieval era. The rural parts of Toplica valley and adjoining semi-mountainous interior was inhabited during Ottoman rule by compact Muslim Albanian population, while Serbs in those areas lived near

688-572: The beginning of the Copper Age and suggesting that the human use of metal is older than previously believed. The agricultural Vinča settlements were replaced by the emerging Thracians and then the invading Celtic Scordisci in 279 BC. Pieces of ceramics found by the Latin Church are traces of those tribes' movement on their way to Greece. Between 73 and 75 BC, after the Romans subjugated

731-567: The city became center of the Archbishopric of Justiniana Prima , that had metropolitan jurisdiction over all provinces of the Diocese of Dacia . At the beginning of the 7th century, region was invaded by Avars and Slavs , thus ending the Byzantine rule. From that time, and up to the middle of the 10th century, the region was controlled by the newly created Slavic state - the early medieval Principality of Serbia . In 971–976, Byzantine rule

774-401: The city of Niš and the wider area losing a sizable part of its population, due to them having fled or death. Some Albanians from contemporary northern Albania and Western Kosovo settled in the Toplica and Morava regions in the second half of the 18th century, at times instigated by Ottoman authorities. Midhat Pasha was one of the most noteworthy sanjak-beys of Niš (1861–64) whose reforms in

817-454: The city of Prokuplje has 44,419 inhabitants. A total of 61.5% of its population is living in urban areas. As of 2022 census, the municipality has a population of 38,291 inhabitants. Prokuplje has 14,814 households with 3,00 members on average, while the number of homes is 22,898. Religion structure in Prokuplje is predominantly Serbian Orthodox (41,494), with minorities like Muslims (289), Atheists (122), Catholics (76) and others. Most of

860-419: The city: Prokuplje has a weak economy, with most of the employed people working in public sector. In 2009, Leoni Wiring Systems Southeast opened a factory in Prokuplje, employing around 1,750 people as of 2013. The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2022): Prokuplje is twinned with: Roman Serbia Much of

903-494: The early 11th century and permanently ended with the rise of the Second Bulgarian Empire in the late 12th century. The territories were administratively divided into the provinces of Moesia (later Moesia Superior ), Pannonia (later Pannonia Inferior ) and Dardania . Moesia Superior roughly corresponds to modern Serbia proper ; Pannonia Inferior included the eastern part of Serbia proper; Dardania included

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946-789: The final attempt to restore the northern border was from 591 to 605, when the end of conflicts with Persia allowed Emperor Maurice to transfer units to the north. However he was deposed after a military revolt in 602, and the Danubian frontier collapsed one and a half decades later. Archaeological evidence in Serbia and Macedonia conclude that the White Serbs may have reached the Balkans earlier than thought, between 550 and 600, as much findings; fibulae and pottery found at Roman forts point at Serb characteristics and thus could have been either part of

989-527: The history Serbia refers to three distinctive periods. The territory of later Serbia was under control of the Eastern Roman Empire up to the beginning of the 7th century. During that period, emperor Justinian I (527–565) oversaw reinforcement of defensive structures in the region, and founded the city of Justiniana Prima , today a Cultural Heritage of Serbia -listed archeological site ( Archaeological Sites of Exceptional Importance ). In 535,

1032-541: The inhabitants of these abandoned villages were previously Albanian. From 1929 to 1941, Prokuplje was part of the Morava Banovina of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia . During the First and Second World War Prokuplje was completely destroyed, but in the post-war period it became an industrial town. In June 2018, Prokuplje gained the status of a city , along with Bor . According to the official census done in 2011,

1075-399: The land around Thessaloniki, though never taking the city itself, creating a Macedonian Sclavinia . As John of Ephesus tells us in 581: "the accursed people of the Slavs set out and plundered all of Greece, the regions surrounding Thessalonica, and Thrace, taking many towns and castles, laying waste, burning, pillaging, and seizing the whole country." However, John exaggerated the intensity of

1118-602: The localities, Felix Romuliana , was ranked on the list of cultural heritage of UNESCO in July 2007. The location has been invaded by many peoples over the centuries. The northern Serbian city of Sirmium ( Sremska Mitrovica ) was among the top 4 cities of the late Roman Empire , serving as its capital during the Tetrarchy . Contemporary Serbia comprises the classical regions of Moesia , Pannonia , parts of Dalmatia , Dacia and Macedonia . The Roman Republic conquered

1161-584: The middle Danube, whereas the Antes were at the lower Danube, in Scythia Minor . Some, such as Bulgarian scholar Zlatarsky, suggest that the first group settled the western Balkans, whilst offshoots of the Antes settled the eastern regions (roughly speaking). From the Danube, they commenced raiding the Byzantine Empire from the 520s, on an annual basis. They spread about destruction, taking loot and herds of cattle, seizing prisoners and taking fortresses. Often,

1204-415: The population speaks Serbian language (41,764). The composition of population by sex and average age: A total of 17,777 citizens (older than 15 years) have secondary education (47.1%), while the 5,002 citizens have higher education (13.3%). Of those with higher education, 2,700 (7.2%) have university education. Most of Prokuplje's population is of Serb ethnicity (92.16%). The ethnic composition of

1247-571: The province of Illyricum. What is now central Serbia was conquered in 75 BC when the province of Moesia was established. Srem is conquered by 9 BC and Backa and Banat in 106 AD after the Dacian wars. The city of Sirmium ( Sremska Mitrovica ) was among the top four cities of the late Roman Empire , serving as its capital during the Tetrarchy . Contemporary Serbia comprises the classical regions of Moesia , Pannonia , parts of Dalmatia , Dacia and Macedonia . The chief towns of Upper Moesia in

1290-491: The region of Illyria in 168 BC in the aftermath of the Illyrian Wars . "Illyria" was a designation of a roughly defined region of the western Balkans as seen from a Roman perspective, just as Magna Germania is a rough geographic term not delineated by any linguistic or ethnic unity. The later province of Illyricum was to the west of what is now Serbia. The Romans conquered parts of Serbia in 167 BC and established

1333-530: The river mouths and mountain slopes; both peoples inhabited other regions of the South Morava river basin. The town of Prokuplje had Albanian majority under the Ottoman rule. In 1877, the entire Toplica region was captured from the Ottomans by Serbian forces, with Prokuplje changing hands on 19 December 1877. The Berlin Congress of 1878 recognised the city and the wider area as part of Serbia. During

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1376-477: The sanjak were so beneficial that the sultan charged him with preparing the scheme for adapting them to the whole empire. The Sanjak of Niš became part of the Danube Vilayet when the latter was created in 1864. In 1868 the sanjak was joined with the Sanjak of Prizren , Sanjak of Skopje and Sanjak of Dibra into one vilayet, Prizren Vilayet, which existed until 1877. In 1871 the sanjak was joined with

1419-519: The south slopes of Jastrebac in Donja Bresnica village. The Vinča period is preserved at the Pločnik site , situated on the left side of the road from Prokuplje to Kursumlija , 19 km [12 mi] west of Prokuplje, underneath the modern village , on the left bank of the Toplica river. Together with Belovode, Pločnik is one of two Vinča culture sites from Serbia considered (as of 2014)

1462-519: The territory of modern-day Prokuplje was part of the Bulgarian Empire . The city is named after the " Fortress of St. Procopios ", first mentioned in 1395. The Ottomans seized the city during their conquest of Serbia, but had to return it in 1444 following the Peace of Szeged . In 1454, Prokuplje was besieged by the Ottomans and during the next 423 years of Ottomans rule the name of the place

1505-534: The territory of the modern state of Serbia was part of the Roman Empire and later the Eastern Roman Empire . In particular, the region of Central Serbia was under Roman rule for about 800 years (with interruptions), starting from the 1st century BC, interrupted by the arrival of the Slavs into the Balkans during the 6th century, but continued after fall of the First Bulgarian Empire in

1548-596: The tribes of the region, this part of Serbia became a part of the Roman province of Moesia . At the time the settlement was known as Hammeum or Hameo , its oldest preserved name. It was located on the Roman Via Militaris , a road that connected the central Balkans with the Adriatic , passing through nearby Naissus ( Niš ). In July 2008 a major Roman spa was unearthed. At the end of the 4th century AD, when

1591-1097: The west by the Drina river ( Drinus ), on the north by the Danube and on the east by the Euxine (Black Sea). The region was inhabited chiefly by Thracian , Dacian and Illyrian peoples. The region took its name from the Moesi , a Thraco-Dacian tribe that lived there before the Roman conquest 75 BC-c. 29 BC and formally became a Roman province of that name some years later (by 6 AD). Cities and towns, in Moesia Superior (at times Macedonia/ Dardania): The cities and towns in Pannonia, located in modern Serbia, were: Sanjak of Ni%C5%A1 The Sanjak of Niš ( Turkish : Niş Sancağı; Serbian : Нишки санџак, romanized : Niški Sandžak ; Albanian : Sanxhaku i Nishit; Bulgarian : Нишки санджак, romanized: Nishki sandzhak )

1634-522: The western part of Serbia proper. After its reconquest from the Bulgarians by Emperor Basil II in 1018, it was reorganized into the Theme of Bulgaria . The Danube River influenced the extension of the Roman Empire; its confluents, such as Sava and Morava, affected the growth of frontier fortresses and towns. Many authors and explorers wrote about traces of the Roman Empire on the Danube coast. One of

1677-487: The worldwide earliest to produce evidence of copper smelting. The occupation periods are between c. 5350-4650 BC for Belovode and 5200-4650 BC for Pločnik, making Pločnik the second-oldest copper smelting site so far discovered anywhere in the world. There are two theories about the emergence of metalworking : the smelting technology was either discovered in one region only, at or near the Fertile Crescent in what

1720-505: Was Urcub or Okrub . It was part of the Sanjak of Niš . During the Ottoman rule, in the period between the 16th and 17th centuries, the town's importance increased, similarly to other towns in the region, such as Kruševac , Stalac and Leskovac . Prokuplje prospered through the trade connections with Dubrovnik . During the Great Turkish War (1683–1699), there was a massive local rebellion of Christian Serbs in support of

1763-591: Was briefly restored, and Catepanate of Ras was established, but it was short lived. Only after 1018, the territory of Serbia came under the Byzantine rule, and it was included into two themata : the Theme of Serbia and the Theme of Sirmium , that existed until 1071. The Byzantines broadly grouped the numerous Slav tribes into two groups: the Sklavenoi and Antes . Apparently, the Sklavenoi group were based along

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1806-577: Was one of the sanjaks of the Ottoman Empire and its county town was Niš . It was composed of the kazas of Niš (Niş) , Pirot (Şehirköy) , Leskovac (Leskofça) , Vranje (İvranye) , Kuršumlija (Kurşunlu) , Prokuplje (Ürküp) and Tran (Turan) . Ottoman Empire captured Niš in 1375 for the first time. At the Battle of Niš (early November 1443), crusaders led by John Hunyadi , captured Ottoman stronghold Niš and defeated three armies of

1849-536: Was settled with Sclaveni (Sklavenoi), the east with Antes . The Sklavenoi plundered Thrace in 545. In 551, the Slavs crossed Niš initially headed for Thessalonica, but ended up in Dalmatia . During the 6th and 7th century, Slavic tribes made eight attempts to take Niš and in the final attack in 615 the Slavs took the city. Menander Protector mentions a King of the Sklavenoi, Daurentius (577-579) that slayed an Avar envoy of Khagan Bayan I . The Avars asked

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