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83-469: In campaign mode, the game follows the story of a war set on an alternate Earth between United Cascadia and the Pacific Federation through a silent protagonist with the callsign Monarch, a mercenary pilot for the fictional Sicario Mercenary Corp. After finishing up a previous contract, the mercenary group is hired by United Cascadia , a nation vying for independence from the Pacific Federation,

166-587: A magnitude-8.8 earthquake struck central Chile on February 27, 2010 , the Puyehue-Cordón Caulle volcano erupted in 2011 , and a M8.2 earthquake struck northern Chile on April 1, 2014 . The main shock was preceded by a number of moderate to large shocks and was followed by a large number of moderate to very large aftershocks, including a magnitude-7.6 event on April 2. Bolivia hosts active and extinct volcanoes across its territory. The active volcanoes are located in western Bolivia where they make up

249-524: A fighter squadron of elite peacekeeper pilots. The air war culminates in a massive aerial dogfight between Federation and Cascadian forces over the Bering Strait ; during the battle, Crimson Team is deployed to stop Hitman but is forced to retreat after Hitman inflicts too many losses, leaving Crimson Team's leader, "Crimson 1", enraged and vowing revenge against Monarch. During a subsequent mission to liberate Prospero, Cascadia's main economic hub,

332-479: A full-fledged Peacekeeper. Abi Rahmani started Project Wingman as a portfolio piece in November 2015. In 2017, Project Wingman became a full-time project after receiving an Epic Games Unreal Dev Grant. Fans donated to the game's Kickstarter campaign, raising AU$ 114,544 and exceeding its goal of AU$ 35,000. Story mode was confirmed by the development team, but cutscenes were not included due to being outside of

415-536: A hijacked prototype super-fighter, the 'Project Wingman'. Overcome with madness from the war and the loss of his squadron, he detonates several cordium-enriched warheads, devastating the city and incapacitating Hitman Team except for Monarch. Crimson 1 holds Monarch responsible for the escalation of the war and challenges him to a duel, but is ultimately shot down by Monarch, ending the war as the surviving Federation and Cascadian forces spectate. Hitman, having ejected from their planes, are rescued by Sicario's SAR unit, and

498-436: A lava flow. The last major eruption of Calbuco, in 1961, sent ash columns 12–15 km (7.5–9.3 mi) high and produced plumes that dispersed mainly to the southeast and two lava flows were also emitted. A minor, four-hour eruption happened on August 26, 1972. Strong fumarolic emission from the main crater was observed on August 12, 1996. Lonquimay is a stratovolocano of late-Pleistocene to dominantly Holocene age, with

581-507: A mission, they receive money which can be spent on buying new planes. In conquest mode, the player starts out with basic combat planes and must complete 43 missions in a single life. Mission types vary from hunting transport planes to destroying anti-air defenses. All missions end with a fight against an enemy ace squadron. Upon mission completion, the player receives credits and prestige. Credits can be used to hire mercenaries, and prestige can be used to buy new planes. The alert level determines

664-600: A nation that comprises across most of the Ring of Fire . An area is rich with a fictional material called "Cordium", which is used both for geothermal and military applications. In conquest mode, the player conquers various territories for Cascadia in a rogue-lite game mode involving conquering territories, buying new planes, and hiring help, while the Federation gets progressively aware and cautious of player's presence, sending fighters, airships, and ace squadrons to oppose

747-483: A series of call signs. For example, U.S. Navy Lieutenant Kara Hultgreen was originally given the call sign "Hulk" because of her ability to bench-press 200 pounds. Later, after a television appearance in which she wore noticeable makeup, she received the call sign "Revlon", and a 1998 biography was entitled Call Sign Revlon . Ring of Fire The Ring of Fire (also known as the Pacific Ring of Fire ,

830-523: A terrible secret that was found in Oceania in the last war that the mercenaries consider "holy", and which will destroy either the Federation or Cascadia. The mission is completed just as K-9 witnesses a flight of cordium-enriched cruise missiles flying overhead toward Prospero. Afterward, due to their role in repelling the Cascadian invasion of Magadan, Driver is put into consideration to be promoted to

913-589: Is a call sign given to a military pilot, flight officer, and even some enlisted aviators. The call sign is a specialized form of nickname that is used as a substitute for the aviator's given name. It is used on flight suit and flight jacket name tags, painted/displayed beneath the officer's or enlisted aircrewman's name on aircraft fuselages or canopy rails, and in radio conversations. They are most commonly used in tactical jet aircraft communities (i.e., fighter, bomber, attack) than in other aircraft communities (i.e., airlift, mobility, maritime patrol), but their use

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996-562: Is a major late Cenozoic volcanic province. Sabancaya is an active 5,976-metre (19,606 ft) stratovolcano in the Andes of southern Peru , about 100 km (60 mi) northwest of Arequipa . It is the most active volcano in Peru, with an ongoing eruption that started in 2016. Ubinas is another active volcano of 5,672-metre (18,609 ft) in southern Peru; its most recent eruption occurred in 2019. Volcanoes in Peru are monitored by

1079-526: Is a member of the "Hitman" Team of pilots in the Sicario Mercenary Corps, which also includes two other pilots: Peter Kennedy (callsign "Diplomat") and Evelyn London III (callsign "Comic"); and Monarch's WSO , Robin Kuo (callsign officially "President", more commonly referred to as "Prez"). Other members of Sicario include Sicario's primary AWACS operator Dominic Zaitsev (callsign "Galaxy") and

1162-479: Is a stratovolcano and the most active volcano of the northern Chilean Andes. The largest eruption of Lascar took place about 26,500 years ago, and following the eruption of the Tumbres scoria flow about 9,000 years ago, activity shifted back to the eastern edifice, where three overlapping craters were formed. Frequent small-to-moderate explosive eruptions have been recorded from Lascar in historical time since

1245-580: Is a stratovolcano in southern Chile, located southeast of Llanquihue Lake and northwest of Chapo Lake , in Los Lagos Region . The volcano and the surrounding area are protected within Llanquihue National Reserve . It is a very explosive andesite volcano that underwent edifice collapse in the late Pleistocene , producing a volcanic debris avalanche that reached the lake. At least nine eruptions occurred since 1837, with

1328-638: Is a stratovolcano located in the Antofagasta Region of Chile, immediately north of Cerro Miscanti . Laguna Lejía lies to the north of the volcano and has been dormant for at least 10,000 years, but is now showing signs of life. A January 6, 2002, nighttime thermal infrared image from ASTER revealed a hot spot in the summit crater, as well as several others along the upper flanks of the volcano's edifice, indicating new volcanic activity. Examination of an earlier nighttime thermal infrared image from May 24, 2000, showed no such hot spots. Calbuco

1411-837: Is being subducted beneath the Aleutian Islands arc. Farther west, the Pacific plate is being subducted at the Kamchatka Peninsula and Kuril arcs. Farther south, at Japan, Taiwan and the Philippines, the Philippine Plate is being subducted beneath the Eurasian plate. The southwest section of the Ring of Fire is more complex, with a number of smaller tectonic plates in collision with the Pacific plate at

1494-409: Is intercepted by a team of bounty hunters led by Klara Rask (callsign "Frost Druid") who reveals that Hitman's true identities have been leaked to the public. Hitman shoots down the bounty hunters and re-establishes communications with Sicario, planning to leave Cascadia behind, but their Cascadian liaison officer offers them an undisclosed "deal" in exchange for their continued support. Sicario accepts

1577-624: Is not related to subduction; therefore, they are not part of the Ring of Fire. The world's highest active volcano is Ojos del Salado (6,893 m or 22,615 ft), which is in the Andes Mountains section of the Ring of Fire. It forms part of the border between Argentina and Chile and it last erupted in AD 750. Another Ring of Fire Andean volcano on the Argentina-Chile border is Llullaillaco (6,739 m or 22,110 ft), which

1660-462: Is not totally exclusive to the former. Many NASA Astronauts with military aviator backgrounds are referred to during spaceflights by their call signs rather than their first names. The origins of aviator call signs are varied. Most call signs play on or reference on variants of the aviator's firstname or surname . Other inspirations for call signs may include personality traits, middle name, references to historical figures, or past exploits during

1743-471: Is now eastern China. The Pacific plate came into existence in the Early Jurassic about 190 million years ago, far from the margins of the then Paleo-Pacific Ocean. Until the Pacific plate grew large enough to reach the margins of the ocean basin, other older plates were subducted ahead of it at the ocean basin margins. For example, subduction has been occurring at the coast of South America since

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1826-495: Is subducted in the western Pacific, with steeper angles of slab descent. This variation affects, for example, the location of volcanoes relative to the ocean trench, lava composition, type and severity of earthquakes, sediment accretion , and the amount of compression or tension. A spectrum of subduction zones exists between the Chilean and Mariana end members. Oceanic trenches are the topographic expression of subduction zones on

1909-572: Is the world's highest historically active volcano, last erupting in 1877. Chile has experienced numerous volcanic eruptions from about 90 volcanoes during the Holocene Epoch. Villarrica is one of Chile's most active volcanoes, rising above the lake and town of the same name. It is the westernmost of three large stratovolcanoes that trend perpendicular to the Andes along the Gastre Fault . Villarrica, along with Quetrupillán and

1992-470: The Antarctic Peninsula and western Indonesia, is disputed. The Ring of Fire has existed for more than 35 million years but subduction has existed for much longer in some parts of the Ring; many older extinct volcanoes are located within the Ring. More than 350 of the Ring of Fire's volcanoes have been active in historical times , while the four largest volcanic eruptions on Earth in

2075-789: The Cordillera Occidental , the western limit of the Altiplano plateau. Some of the active volcanoes are international mountains shared with Chile . All Cenozoic volcanoes of Bolivia are part of the Central Volcanic Zone (CVZ) of the Andean Volcanic Belt that results due to processes involved in the subduction of the Nazca plate under the South American plate . The Central Volcanic Zone

2158-573: The Jurassic Period more than 145 million years ago, and remnants of Jurassic and Cretaceous volcanic arcs are preserved there. At about 120 to 115 million years ago, the Farallon plate was subducting under South America, North America and north-east Asia while the Izanagi plate was subducting under east Asia. By 85 to 70 million years ago, the Izanagi plate had moved north-eastwards and

2241-540: The Mariana Islands , the Philippines , eastern Indonesia , Papua New Guinea , Tonga , and New Zealand; this part of the Ring excludes Australia , because that landmass lies in the center of its tectonic plate far from subduction zones. If a tectonic plate's oceanic lithosphere is subducted beneath oceanic lithosphere of another plate, a volcanic island arc is created at the subduction zone. An example in

2324-648: The Rim of Fire , the Girdle of Fire or the Circum-Pacific belt ) is a tectonic belt of volcanoes and earthquakes . It is about 40,000 km (25,000 mi) long and up to about 500 km (310 mi) wide, and surrounds most of the Pacific Ocean . The Ring of Fire contains between 750 and 915 active or dormant volcanoes, around two-thirds of the world total. The exact number of volcanoes within

2407-401: The Ring of Fire . Conquest provides the player with roguelite and strategy gameplay in which the player completes an objective depending on the area, manages resources, and conquers the map. In campaign mode, the player completes twenty-one missions where the objectives can range from destroying enemy planes, annihilating ground forces and bases, and protecting allies. When the player completes

2490-651: The South American plate ; the Pacific and Juan de Fuca plates beneath the North American plate ; the Philippine Plate beneath the Eurasian plate ; and a complex boundary between the Pacific and Australian plate . The interactions at these plate boundaries have formed oceanic trenches , volcanic arcs , back-arc basins and volcanic belts . The inclusion of some areas in the Ring of Fire, such as

2573-640: The Alpide belt). Some geologists include the Antarctic Peninsula and the South Shetland Islands in the Ring of Fire, other geologists exclude these areas. The rest of Antarctica is excluded because the volcanism there is not related to subduction. The Ring of Fire does not extend across the southern Pacific Ocean from New Zealand to the Antarctic Peninsula or from New Zealand to the southern tip of South America because

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2656-535: The Cascadian capital city of Presidia. However, the Hitman Team slowly turns the tide of the war in Cascadia's favor, as the Federation begins losing support due to Federal war crimes and their inability to control Cascadia. Hitman Team becomes a rallying point for Cascadian forces because of their immense successes in repelling Federation forces, which earns them the attention of the Federation's 'Crimson Team',

2739-516: The Cascadians back to the coast, refusing all offers of ceasefire. The main Cascadian invasion force is destroyed and the Federation begins their invasion of Cascadia. However, instead of being deactivated as planned, K-9 is sent to stop a last-ditch attack by General Faust targeting Magadan's largest geothermal plant. Driver destroys Faust's airship and kills her before she can attack the geothermal plant, but as her airship explodes, Faust warns of

2822-434: The Cascadians, they cannot stop the invasion and are forced to retreat inland. Over the next month, K-9 participates in defensive operations, buying enough time for the main Federation forces to regroup. The turning point comes when Driver performs a daring raid through an underground tunnel, destroying the Cascadian headquarters and putting the entire invasion force in disarray. The fully assembled Federation forces then drive

2905-519: The Chilean part of Lanín , are protected within Villarrica National Park . Villarrica, with its lava of basaltic-andesitic composition, is one of only five volcanoes worldwide known to have an active lava lake within its crater. The volcano usually generates strombolian eruptions , with ejection of incandescent pyroclasts and lava flows. Melting of snow and glacier ice , as well as rainfall, often causes lahars , such as during

2988-468: The Federation bombards the city with cordium-enriched cruise missiles when Cascadian victory seems imminent. The warheads activate Prospero's rich cordium deposits, causing a massive underground volcanic chain reaction. This destabilizes the Ring of Fire and ravages most of the Pacific Rim in the resulting tectonic event. Having lost communications with allied forces in the chaos, Hitman withdraws but

3071-400: The Federation plans to cement its control over Cascadia further to exploit its resources. As a result, Cascadia declares independence from the Federation and starts an armed rebellion. Several private military companies such as the Sicario Mercenary Corps are hired by Cascadia in their war against the Federation. The player controls the game's silent protagonist with callsign "Monarch", who

3154-603: The Gulf of California and due partly to the San Andreas Fault (a non-volcanic transform boundary ). Another North American gap in subduction-related volcanic activity occurs in northern British Columbia, Yukon and south-east Alaska, where volcanism is caused by intraplate continental rifting . The four largest volcanic eruptions on Earth in the Holocene Epoch (the last 11,700 years) occurred at volcanoes in

3237-606: The Holocene epoch all occurred at volcanoes in the Ring of Fire. Most of Earth's active volcanoes with summits above sea level are located in the Ring of Fire. Many of these subaerial volcanoes are stratovolcanoes (e.g. Mount St. Helens ), formed by explosive eruptions of tephra alternating with effusive eruptions of lava flows. Lavas at the Ring of Fire's stratovolcanoes are mainly andesite and basaltic andesite but dacite , rhyolite , basalt and some other rarer types also occur. Other types of volcano are also found in

3320-627: The Kickstarter budget. Project Wingman ' s release date was originally stated for summer 2020 before it was pushed back to early 2021, but the release date was moved to 1 December 2020, due to development proceeding faster than expected. Project Wingman was later ported and released on Xbox One on 28 October 2021. The game was also released on the online PC game store GOG.com on March 28, 2022. Project Wingman received "generally favorable reviews" from critics, according to review aggregator Metacritic . Polygon 's Charlie Hall praised

3403-468: The Kula and Farallon plates had been subducted and the Pacific plate was subducting around its rim in a configuration closely resembling the outline of the present-day Ring of Fire. The eastern parts of the Ring of Fire result from the collision of a few relatively large plates. The western parts of the Ring are more complex, with a number of large and small tectonic plates in collision. In South America,

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3486-522: The Ring of Fire at some parts of the Pacific coast of the Americas. In some places, the gaps are thought to be caused by flat slab subduction ; examples are the three gaps between the four sections of the Andean Volcanic Belt in South America. In North America, there is a gap in subduction-related volcanic activity in northern Mexico and southern California, due partly to a divergent boundary in

3569-525: The Ring of Fire depends on which regions are included. About 90% of the world's earthquakes, including most of its largest, occur within the belt. The Ring of Fire is not a single geological structure. It was created by the subduction of different tectonic plates at convergent boundaries around the Pacific Ocean. These include: the Antarctic , Nazca and Cocos plates subducting beneath

3652-471: The Ring of Fire is the Mariana Arc in the western Pacific Ocean. If, however, oceanic lithosphere is subducted under continental lithosphere, then a volcanic continental arc forms; a Ring of Fire example is the coast of Chile. The steepness of the descending plate at a subduction zone depends on the age of the oceanic lithosphere that is being subducted. The older the oceanic lithosphere being subducted,

3735-588: The Ring of Fire is the result of the Antarctic plate , the Nazca plate and the Cocos plate being subducted beneath the South American plate . In Central America , the Cocos plate is being subducted beneath the Caribbean plate . A portion of the Pacific plate and the small Juan de Fuca plate are being subducted beneath the North American plate . Along the northern portion, the northwestward-moving Pacific plate

3818-720: The Ring of Fire volcanoes as follows: "They [the Japanese Islands] are in the line of that immense circle of volcanic development which surrounds the shores of the Pacific from Tierra del Fuego around to the Moluccas ." ( Narrative of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan, 1852–54 . ) An article appeared in Scientific American in 1878 with the title "The Ring of Fire, and

3901-475: The Ring of Fire, such as subaerial shield volcanoes (e.g. Plosky Tolbachik ), and submarine seamounts (e.g. Monowai ). From Ancient Greek and Roman times until the late 18th century, volcanoes were associated with fire, based on the ancient belief that volcanoes were caused by fires burning within the Earth. This historical link between volcanoes and fire is preserved in the name of the Ring of Fire, despite

3984-521: The Ring of Fire. The next most seismically active region (5–6% of earthquakes and some of the world's largest earthquakes) is the Alpide belt, which extends from central Indonesia to the northern Atlantic Ocean via the Himalayas and southern Europe. From 1900 to the end of 2020, most earthquakes of magnitude M w ≥ 8.0 occurred in the Ring of Fire. They are presumed to have been megathrust earthquakes at subduction zones, including four of

4067-421: The Ring of Fire. They are the eruptions at Fisher Caldera (Alaska, 8700 BC ), Kurile Lake (Kamchatka, 6450 BC), Kikai Caldera (Japan, 5480 BC) and Mount Mazama (Oregon, 5677 BC). More broadly, twenty of the twenty-five largest volcanic eruptions on Earth in this time interval occurred at Ring of Fire volcanoes. About 90% of the world's earthquakes and most of the world's largest earthquakes occur along

4150-575: The South Shetland subduction zone. The Antarctic Peninsula (Graham Land) is also sometimes included in the Ring. Volcanoes south of the Antarctic Circle (e.g. the volcanoes of Victoria Land including Mount Erebus , and the volcanoes of Mary Byrd Land ) are not related to subduction; therefore, they are not part of the Ring of Fire. The Balleny Islands , located between Antarctica and New Zealand, are volcanic but their volcanism

4233-595: The Volcanic Peaks of the West Coast of the United States", which outlined the phenomenon of volcanic activity around the boundaries of the Pacific. Early explicit references to volcanoes forming a "ring of fire" around the Pacific Ocean also include Alexander P. Livingstone's book "Complete Story of San Francisco's Terrible Calamity of Earthquake and Fire" , published in 1906, in which he describes "...

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4316-410: The battle and are forced to protect retreating Federation forces instead, resulting in them saving Crimson Squadron. In light of the massive losses they suffered, the Federation mobilizes the reserves of the entire frontline territory of Magadan, as Cascadia stages an amphibious invasion into eastern Siberia , led by General Faust. Despite K-9 and Peacekeeper Squadron Steel Team inflicting heavy losses on

4399-499: The campaign is finished. The difficulty or scores achieved during missions doesn't affect progression towards unlocking aircraft, aside from mission scores being a source of money. The game takes place in the indeterminate future of an Earth afflicted by a worldwide volcanic cataclysm centuries earlier, an event known as "The Calamity". This event not only destroyed modern technological civilization in an estimated 150-year nuclear winter , but also created multiple exclusion zones across

4482-749: The central parts of the Pacific Basin, for example the Hawaiian Islands , are very far from subduction zones and they are not part of the Ring of Fire. The Ring of Fire has existed for more than 35 million years. In some parts of the Ring of Fire, subduction has been occurring for much longer. The current configuration of the Pacific Ring of Fire has been created by the development of the present-day subduction zones, initially (by about 115 million years ago) in South America, North America and Asia. As plate configurations gradually changed,

4565-460: The company's leader Arnold Frenken (callsign "Kaiser"), who is also a pilot and leader of the "Assassin" Team. In the PlayStation 5 exclusive mini-campaign Frontline-59, the story follows Division K-9, a squadron of Federation reserve pilots who are unexpectedly called to duty to make up for the Federation's losses suffered in their rapidly escalating war with Cascadia. The squadron consists of

4648-726: The current subduction zones of Indonesia and New Guinea were created (about 70 million years ago), followed finally by the New Zealand subduction zone (about 35 million years ago). Along the coast of east Asia, during the Late Triassic about 210 million years ago, subduction of the Izanagi plate (the Paleo-Pacific plate) was occurring, and this continued in the Jurassic , producing volcanic belts, for example, in what

4731-464: The deal and continues to fight, while their leader Kaiser travels abroad to rally supporters for their cause. Sicario assists the Cascadians with eliminating Federal resistance and re-stabilizing the country, and Hitman defeats Crimson Team in a dogfight above a devastated Prospero. During the last major battle of the war to liberate Presidia, both sides of the conflict agree to a ceasefire as Cascadia emerges victorious, but Crimson 1 suddenly arrives in

4814-659: The eruptions of 1964 and 1971. A two-kilometre-wide ( 1 + 1 ⁄ 4  mi) postglacial caldera is located at the base of the presently active dominantly basaltic-to-andesitic cone at the northwest margin of the Pleistocene caldera. About 25 scoria cones dot Villarica's flanks. Plinian eruptions and pyroclastic flows have been produced during the Holocene from this dominantly basaltic volcano, but historical eruptions have consisted of largely mild-to-moderate explosive activity with occasional lava effusion. Lahars from

4897-508: The fact that volcanoes do not burn the Earth with fire. The existence of a belt of volcanic activity around the Pacific Ocean was known in the early 19th century; for example, in 1825 the pioneering volcanologist G. P. Scrope described the chains of volcanoes around the Pacific Ocean's rim in his book Considerations on Volcanos [ sic ]. Three decades later, a book about the Perry Expedition to Japan commented on

4980-458: The floor of the oceans. Oceanic trenches associated with the Ring of Fire's subduction zones are: Subduction zones around the Pacific Ocean do not form a complete ring. Where subduction zones are absent, there are corresponding gaps in subduction-related volcanic belts in the Ring of Fire. In some gaps there is no volcanic activity; in other gaps, volcanic activity does occur but it is caused by processes not related to subduction. There are gaps in

5063-537: The game for its action that can be commonly found in modern first-person shooters. TheGamer's Sean Murray noted the game's improvement on the Ace Combat formula by allowing players to equip multiple weapons and adding a rogue-like conquest mode, but he criticized the game's lack of mission variety due to being "go here, shoot things". Critics have praised the game for its audio and visual feedback. Aviator call sign An aviator call sign or aviator callsign

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5146-534: The glacier-covered volcanoes have damaged towns on its flanks. The Llaima Volcano is one of the largest and most active volcanoes in Chile. It is situated 82 km (51 mi) northeast of Temuco and 663 km (412 mi) southeast of Santiago , within the borders of Conguillío National Park . Llaima's activity has been documented since the 17th century, and consists of several separate episodes of moderate explosive eruptions with occasional lava flows. Lascar

5229-440: The great ring of fire which circles round the whole surface of the Pacific Ocean.". In 1912, geologist Patrick Marshall introduced the term " Andesite Line " to mark a boundary between islands in the southwest Pacific, which differ in volcano structure and lava types. The concept was later extended to other parts of the Pacific Ocean. The Andesite Line and the Ring of Fire closely match in terms of location. The development of

5312-531: The immense loss of reputation from using cordium weapon of mass destruction, the Federation faces multiple insurgent movements from other member states, backed by the now-independent Cascadia (now a haven for mercenaries) among other foreign powers. Set concurrent to the main plot, reservist squadron K-9 is activated in an emergency mobilization and ordered to join the battle over the Bering Strait, despite their inexperience. However, they are too late to join

5395-406: The intersection of the Ring of Fire and the Alpide belt (which is the Earth's other very long subduction-related volcanic and earthquake zone, also known as the Mediterranean–Indonesian volcanic belt, running east–west through southern Asia and southern Europe). Some geologists include all of Indonesia in the Ring of Fire; many geologists exclude Indonesia's western islands (which they include in

5478-467: The latest one in 1972. One of the largest historical eruptions in southern Chile took place there in 1893–1894. Violent eruptions ejected 30 cm (12 in) bombs to distances of 8 km (5.0 mi) from the crater, accompanied by voluminous hot lahars. Strong explosions occurred in April 1917, and a lava dome formed in the crater accompanied by hot lahars. Another short explosive eruption in January 1929 also included an apparent pyroclastic flow and

5561-415: The mid-19th century, along with periodic larger eruptions that produced ash and tephra fall up to hundreds of kilometers away from the volcano. The largest eruption of Lascar in recent history took place in 1993, producing pyroclastic flows as far as 8.5 km (5 mi) northwest of the summit and ash fall in Buenos Aires , Argentina, more than 1,600 km (1,000 mi) to the southeast. Chiliques

5644-406: The most powerful earthquakes on Earth since modern seismological measuring equipment and magnitude measurement scales were introduced in the 1930s: Some geologists include the volcanoes of the South Shetland Islands , off the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, as part of the Ring of Fire. These volcanoes, e.g. Deception Island , are due to rifting in the Bransfield back-arc basin close to

5727-514: The number and type of enemies, and it is raised based on time spent in the mission. If the player dies, the player loses everything except prestige and planes bought before. The player starts with trainer variants of the F-4 Phantom II and MiG-21 inspired jets. All planes start with flares and standard missiles and can be equipped with certain special weapons. More advanced planes offer an AOA (Angle of Attack) limiter toggle, granting supermaneuverability , in place of flares. Before every mission,

5810-410: The option to play with or without the cockpit view. Virtual reality (VR) and hands on throttle-and-stick (HOTAS) are supported. The game offers the player two game modes: campaign and conquest. The campaign follows a story in which the mercenary pilot Monarch fights for the Cascadians in their war of independence against the Federation in a future Earth devastated by a cascade of tectonic events in

5893-460: The pilot's career. Aviator call signs nearly always must come from a member or members of the aviator's squadron, training class, or other cohort. It is considered bad form to try to give oneself a call sign and it is also common for aviators to be given a fairly derogatory call sign, and the more they complain about it, the more likely it is to stick. Some aviators use the same call sign throughout their careers; in other cases an aviator might have

5976-407: The planet along with a valuable geothermal energy resource called "cordium". By the year 432 AC (After Calamity, a new calendar established after said nuclear winter), civilization has returned to levels comparable to and even surpassing its previous height. This world's hyperdominant power is the Pacific Federation, a multinational political union based around Australia, east and southern Asia, and

6059-549: The player characters "Driver", pilots "Brick", "Bookie", "Cobb", and Driver's WSO "Eye-Tee". They are commanded by the Federation AWACS "Vita". After finishing their contract with the Creole Republic, the Sicario Mercenary Corps is hired by Cascadia amid their war of independence against the Pacific Federation. The Federation forces gained the upper hand in the early stages of the war, to the point of capturing

6142-418: The player picks a plane, special weapons, and a paint scheme. Smaller planes can equip between one or two special weapons while larger planes can equip between two or three. Completing missions allows the player to earn in-game currency which can be used to purchase other aircraft. Access to some of the planes requires the player to finish specific campaign missions with some of the best planes available only when

6225-404: The player. Project Wingman is a combat flight action game similar to the Ace Combat series in which the player flies a combat plane into battle and destroys enemy targets. The player can choose from a wide selection of planes inspired by real-life combat planes and equip the plane with special weapons. The player can choose to play in first-person or third-person. First-person perspective has

6308-431: The remaining Federation forces fear their summary execution on suspicion of breaking the ceasefire. After the war, Cascadia honors their "deal" with Sicario. The whereabouts of the Hitman Team, including Monarch, are unknown; the Federation declares them wanted criminals for their part in the war, though it is implied that they have assumed new identities as part of the deal. Having suffered irreplaceably high casualties and

6391-478: The shape of a truncated cone. The cone is largely andesitic, though basaltic and dacitic rocks are present. It is located in La Araucanía Region of Chile , immediately southeast of Tolhuaca volcano. Sierra Nevada and Llaima are their neighbors to the south. The snow-capped volcano lies within the protected area Malalcahuello-Nalcas . The volcano last erupted in 1988, ending in 1990. The VEI

6474-504: The steeper the angle of descent of the subducted slab. As the Pacific's mid-ocean ridges , which are the source of its oceanic lithosphere, are not actually in the middle of the ocean but located much closer to South America than to Asia, the oceanic lithosphere consumed at the South American subduction zones is younger and therefore subduction occurs at the South American coast at a relatively shallow angle. Older oceanic lithosphere

6557-717: The submarine plate boundaries in this part of the Pacific Ocean (the Pacific–Antarctic Ridge , the East Pacific Rise and the Chile Ridge ) are divergent instead of convergent. Although some volcanism occurs in this region, it is not related to subduction. Some geologists include the Izu Islands , the Bonin Islands , and the Mariana Islands , other geologists exclude them. Volcanoes in

6640-447: The theory of plate tectonics since the early 1960s has provided the current understanding and explanation of the global distribution of volcanoes and earthquakes, including those in the Ring of Fire. There is consensus among geologists about most of the regions which are included in the Ring of Fire. There are, however, a few regions on which there is no universal agreement. (See: § Distribution of volcanoes ). Indonesia lies at

6723-480: The western parts of North America. The Pacific Federation bases its power on control over the cordium deposits across the Ring of Fire . In recent years, however, tensions between member states have risen due to Federation's imperialist policies, which have been fueled by the rich cordium deposits of United Cascadia (a member state located along the Pacific Northwest region of North America). Additionally,

6806-545: Was 3. The eruption was from a flank vent and involved lava flows and explosive eruptions. Some fatalities occurred. The volcanoes in Chile are monitored by the National Geology and Mining Service (SERNAGEOMIN) Earthquake activity in Chile is related to subduction of the Nazca plate to the east. Chile notably holds the record for the largest earthquake ever recorded, the 1960 Valdivia earthquake . More recently,

6889-534: Was subducting under east Asia and North America, while the Farallon plate was subducting under South America and the Pacific plate was subducting under east Asia. About 70 to 65 million years ago, the Farallon plate was subducting under South America, the Kula plate was subducting under North America and north-east Asia, and the Pacific plate was subducting under east Asia and Papua New Guinea. About 35 million years ago,

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