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62-517: Reason Studios (formerly known as Propellerhead Software ) is a music software company , based in Stockholm , Sweden . Founded in 1994, it develops the studio emulation digital audio workstation and audio plug-in Reason . Propellerhead Software was founded in 1994 by Ernst Nathorst-Böös, Marcus Zetterquist and Peter Jubel. Their first release was ReCycle , a sample loop editor that could change

124-457: A TR-808 . A TR-909 drum machine was added in version 2.0. It was hailed as an affordable alternative to buying old, unreliable hardware devices. Roland Corporation requested that an acknowledgment be added to the ReBirth packaging and splash screen; the unofficial endorsement became a marketing boost for Propellerhead, and they have retained a close relationship with Roland ever since. ReWire

186-463: A recording studio with virtual cables and representations of a subtractive synthesizer , sampler and drum machine . It also has a REX file loop player, a pattern step sequencer and a multitude of effects units. Reason has the ability to create as many instances of each device (limited by compute power ) and a simple sequencer for notes and device automation. ReFills compress sounds, settings and instrument configurations into single files, and are

248-444: A 24-hour company working day, if the teams, systems, and procedures are well established. A good example is the test team in a time zone 8 hours ahead or behind the development team, who fix software bugs found by the testers. A professional software company normally consists of at least three dedicated sub-teams : In bigger software companies, greater specialization is employed, and quite often there are also: The manager of

310-493: A Eurocon was held in San Marino). Since its foundation in 2013, the association World SF Italia coordinates the organization the annual national convention (Italcon) and awards (Premio Italia – with thirty- two categories across media – and Premio Vegetti – best Italian novel and essay). Since the late 1930s, SF fans have organized conventions , non-profit gatherings where the fans (some of whom are also professionals in

372-419: A character in the novel) which is a sly self-parody verging on a self-tuckerization. The 1991 SF novel Fallen Angels by Larry Niven , Jerry Pournelle and Michael Flynn constitutes a tribute to SF fandom. The story includes a semi-illegal fictional Minneapolis Worldcon in a post-disaster world where science, and thus fandom, is disparaged. Many of the characters are barely tuckerized fans, mostly from

434-582: A different group plays a key role, however each type of role must be involved throughout the whole development process: Software companies possess various systems and procedures implemented and working internally across all the sub-teams. These include: There are also Application Lifecycle Management (ALM), which embed some of these functionalities in one package and are used across the groups. They are delivered from various vendors like Borland , ECM or Compuware . Well-established software companies typically have some way of measuring their own efficiency. This

496-550: A fan-maintained bibliography at the New England Science Fiction Association's website; some of it is about science fiction fandom, some not. In Robert Bloch 's 1956 short story, "A Way Of Life", science-fiction fandom is the only institution to survive a nuclear holocaust and eventually becomes the basis for the reconstitution of civilization. The science-fiction novel Gather in the Hall of

558-547: A free update. Rack Extensions will be sold in an app store similar in a fashion in which Apple Inc. sells applications for the popular iOS platform. Hosted by Propellerhead Software, developers are free to use their own DSP and existing code to develop instruments and effects for use in Reason. When purchased, the Rack Extensions appear in Reason as a native Reason instrument or effect module and are privy to all of

620-478: A hundred or so attendees to heavily programmed events with four to six or more simultaneous tracks of programming, such as WisCon and Worldcons. Commercial shows dealing with SF-related fields are sometimes billed as 'science fiction conventions,' but are operated as for-profit ventures, with an orientation towards passive spectators, rather than involved fans, and a tendency to neglect or ignore written SF in favor of television, film, comics, video games, etc. One of

682-658: A life of its own, but not much in the way of formal organization (although formal clubs such as the Futurians (1937–1945) and the Los Angeles Science Fantasy Society (1934–present) are recognized examples of organized fandom). Most often called simply "fandom" within the community, it can be viewed as a distinct subculture , with its own literature and jargon ; marriages and other relationships among fans are common, as are multi-generational fan families. Science fiction fandom started through

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744-490: A number of various methodologies to produce the code. These can include: There are also some methodologies which combine both, such as the spiral model , Rational Unified Process (RUP) or MSF . Regardless of the methodology used, the product life cycle always consists of at least three stages: Each stage ideally takes 30% of the total time, with the remaining 10% in reserve. The UML sequence diagram of interaction between these groups may look like: At each stage

806-619: A separate existence as cultural institutions within specific geographic regions. Several have purchased property and maintain ongoing collections of SF literature available for research, as in the case of the Los Angeles Science Fantasy Society , the New England Science Fiction Association , and the Baltimore Science Fiction Society . Other SF Societies maintain a more informal existence, meeting at general public facilities or

868-631: A small local club called the Scienceers, which held its first meeting in a Harlem apartment on 11 December 1929. Almost all the members were adolescent boys. Around this time, a few other small local groups began to spring up in metropolitan areas around the United States, many of them connecting with fellow enthusiasts via the Science Correspondence Club . In May 1930 the first science-fiction fan magazine, The Comet ,

930-486: A software company is usually called the Head Of Development (HOD), and reports to the stakeholders . He or she leads the sub-teams directly or via the managers/leaders depending on the size of the organization . Usually teams of up to 10 person are the most operational. In bigger organizations, there are in general two models of the hierarchy: All the teams are fully independent and they work separately on

992-524: A term meaning to drop out of SF related community activities, with the implication to Get A Life . The word is derived via the acronym for "get away from it all". A related term is fafiate , for "forced away from it all". The implication is that one would really rather still be involved in fandom, but circumstances make it impossible. Two other acronyms commonly used in the community are FIAWOL (Fandom Is A Way Of Life) and its opposite FIJAGH (Fandom Is Just A Goddamned Hobby) to describe two ways of looking at

1054-593: A website). In 1963, the first Trieste Festival of Science Fiction Cinema took place, anticipating the first conventions as an opportunity for a nationwide social gathering. Informal meetings were organized in Milan, Turin and Carrara between 1965 and 1967. In 1972, the first European convention, Eurocon, was organized in Trieste, during which an Italia Award was also created. Eurocon was back in Italy in 1980 and 2009 (in 1989

1116-399: Is Reason Talk. Though this is an independent forum, some Propellerhead employees have posted there and the forum hosted the official Reason beta test forum for Reason Version 9. Reason is a digital audio workstation developed for macOS and Windows. The first version was released in 2000. When launched Reason could run on average spec computers and was competitively priced. Reason simulates

1178-413: Is also made to work alongside Reason; if Record is installed on a computer with Reason on it, the modules from Reason will be usable inside of Record. Released 9 September 2009, Record has been praised for its stability, seamless integration with Reason, and sound quality, and has received a number of awards, including Future Music's Platinum Award, Computer Music Editor's Choice and Performance awards, and

1240-479: Is defined by numbers) and total anarchy (where there are no numbers at all). Whichever way the organization goes, they consider the pyramid describing the cost and risk of introducing change to already-begun development processes as a true model to manage changes. Science fiction fandom Science fiction fandom or SF fandom is a community or fandom of people interested in science fiction in contact with one another based upon that interest. SF fandom has

1302-645: Is held over the Easter weekend. Committee membership and location changes year-to-year. The license to use the Eastercon name for a year is awarded by votes of the business meeting of the Eastercon two years previously. There are a variety of other local or intermittent conventions run by fandom, such as the series of Mexicons that ran from 1984 to 1994. There are substantially larger events run by UK media fandom and commercial organisations also run "gate shows" (for-profit operations with paid staff.) The UK has also hosted

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1364-515: Is made up of acronyms , blended words, obscure in-jokes, and standard terms used in specific ways. Some terms used in fanspeak have spread to members of the Society for Creative Anachronism ("Scadians"), Renaissance Fair participants ("Rennies"), hacktivists , and internet gaming and chat fans, due to the social and contextual intersection between the communities. Examples of fanspeak used in these broader fannish communities include gafiate ,

1426-533: Is not related to the British electronic music duo Propellerheads . On 26 August 2019, Propellerhead announced they would change their name to Reason Studios to have a name more closely tied to their core product: Reason. From early on, Propellerhead used the Internet as both a marketing tool and as a method to communicate with their user base. An alpha version of ReBirth was made available for free download on

1488-639: Is usually done by defining the set of key performance indicators (KPI), such as A number of organizations are focused on reaching the optimum level of the Capability Maturity Model (CMM), where "optimum" does not necessarily mean the highest. There are also other systems such as Carnegie-Mellon University 's SEMA , or particular ISO standards. Small software companies will often use light-weight approaches to their process, formalized or not. Each organization works out its own style, which lies somewhere between total technocracy (where all

1550-821: The Greater Los Angeles area . Mystery writer Sharyn McCrumb 's Bimbos of the Death Sun and Zombies of the Gene Pool are murder mysteries set at a science-fiction convention and within the broader culture of fandom respectively. While containing mostly nasty caricatures of fans and fandom, some fans take them with good humor; others consider them vicious and cruel. In 1994 and 1996, two anthologies of alternate history science fiction involving World Science Fiction Conventions, titled Alternate Worldcons and Again, Alternate Worldcons , edited by Mike Resnick were published. A.E. van Vogt 's 1940 novel Slan

1612-467: The Hugo Awards are bestowed, and attendance can approach 8,000 or more. SF writer Cory Doctorow calls science fiction "perhaps the most social of all literary genres", and states, "Science fiction is driven by organized fandom, volunteers who put on hundreds of literary conventions in every corner of the globe, every weekend of the year." SF conventions can vary from minimalist "relaxacons" with

1674-532: The L5 Society , among many others. Some groups exist almost entirely within fandom but are distinct and cohesive subcultures in their own rights, such as filkers , costumers , and convention runners (sometimes called " SMOFs "). Fandom encompasses subsets of fans that are principally interested in a single writer or subgenre, such as Tolkien fandom , and Star Trek fandom (" Trekkies "). Even short-lived television series may have dedicated followings, such as

1736-428: The Society for Creative Anachronism , gaming , and furry fandom , sometimes referred to collectively as "fringe fandoms" with the implication that the original fandom centered on science-fiction texts (magazines and later books and fanzines) is the "true" or "core" fandom. Fandom also welcomes and shares interest with other groups including LGBT communities, libertarians , neo-pagans , and space activist groups like

1798-570: The MusicTech Excellence award. In April 2010, Propellerhead released their first app for mobile platforms; a remake of their ReBirth RB-338 software for the Apple iPhone, iPod Touch and iPad. Developed together with Retronyms, it's a 100% port of the original with added functionality for sharing song files with other iPhone users, zooming and panning. In July 2011, Propellerhead announced plans for Reason version 6 which includes all

1860-473: The Planets , by K.M. O'Donnell (aka Barry N. Malzberg ), 1971, takes place at a New York City science-fiction convention and features broad parodies of many SF fans and authors. A pair of SF novels by Gene DeWeese and Robert "Buck" Coulson , Now You See It/Him/Them and Charles Fort Never Mentioned Wombats are set at Worldcons; the latter includes an in-character "introduction" by Wilson Tucker (himself

1922-738: The Propellerhead website in December 1996, and the company even searched the internet for active users of the TB-303 and sent them invitation emails to try the new software. The user forum has always been at the forefront of the Propellerhead community, with many employees checking them every day. Allowing users to make requests and suggestions directly to the developers led to the first downloadable ReBirth update in 1997, and still today registered users of Propellerhead software can download updates and much additional content online. In November 2013,

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1984-693: The SFL, while several competing local branches sprang up in New York City and immediately began feuding among themselves. In 1935, PSFS (the Philadelphia Science Fiction Society , 1935–present) was formed. The next year, half a dozen fans from NYC came to Philadelphia to meet with the PSFS members, as the first Philadelphia Science Fiction Conference, which some claim as the world's first science fiction convention . Soon after

2046-479: The Worldcon several times, most recently in 2014. News of UK events appears in the fanzine Ansible produced by David Langford each month. The beginning of an Italian science fiction fandom can be located between the late 1950s and early 1960s, when magazines such as Oltre il Cielo and Futuro started to publish readers’ letters and promote correspondences and the setting-up of clubs in various cities. Among

2108-678: The annual national Swedish con. An annual prize is awarded to someone that has contributed to the national fandom by the Alvar Appeltoffts Memorial Prize  [ sv ] Fund. SF fandom in the UK has close ties with that in the US. In the UK there are multiple conventions. The largest regular convention for literary SF (book-focused) fandom is the British National convention or Eastercon . Strangely enough this

2170-465: The award-winning digital audio workstation; Reason. It first released in 2000. In May 2009, Propellerhead announced a new product, Record . Designed for recording, arrangement and mixing, Record is made along the lines of Reason and continues the tradition of emulating hardware and the rack. Record emulates a recording studio, with a mixing desk, a rack of virtual instruments and effects, and an audio sequencer (similar to traditional MIDI sequencing.) It

2232-431: The different projects. The structure is quite simple and all the employees reports to one person, what make the situation quite clear however it is not a good solution in terms of knowledge exchange and optimal usage of human resources. In this model there are dedicated managers/leaders for each main specialization, "renting" their people for particular projects led by product/project managers, who formally or informally buy

2294-485: The embryonic Los Angeles group as a contributing editor. In 1934, Gernsback established a correspondence club for fans called the Science Fiction League , the first fannish organization. Local groups across the nation could join by filling out an application. A number of clubs came into being around this time. LASFS (the Los Angeles Science Fantasy Society ) was founded at this time as a local branch of

2356-403: The fans of Joss Whedon 's Firefly television series and movie Serenity , known as Browncoats . Participation in science fiction fandom often overlaps with other similar interests, such as fantasy role-playing games , comic books and anime , and in the broadest sense fans of these activities are felt to be part of the greater community of SF fandom. There are active SF fandoms around

2418-571: The fans started to communicate directly with each other came the creation of science fiction fanzines . These amateur publications might or might not discuss science fiction and were generally traded rather than sold. They ranged from the utilitarian or inept to professional-quality printing and editing. In recent years, Usenet newsgroups such as rec.arts.sf.fandom , websites and blogs have somewhat supplanted printed fanzines as an outlet for expression in fandom, though many popular fanzines continue to be published. Science-fiction fans have been among

2480-438: The fanzine Nuovi Orizzonti , was soon to become a writer for I Romanzi del Cosmo . During subsequent years fanzines continued to function as training grounds for future editors and writers, and the general trend was towards improved quality and life expectancy (e.g. The Time Machine run for 50 issues starting in 1975, Intercom for 149 issues between 1979 and 1999, before its migration to the web as an e-zine until 2003, then as

2542-464: The features of Record 1.5. This allowed Propellerhead to discontinue Record and create two different versions of Reason. In March 2012, Propellerhead announced Rack Extensions and the Rack Extension store, a software architecture that will allow 3rd party developers to use their own instruments and effect devices inside of Reason. This technology was announced to appear alongside Reason 6.5 as

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2604-553: The features that Reason offers in its native instruments and effect devices. In April 2017, Propellerhead announced plans to support VST plugins in Reason, starting from version 9.5 In August 2019, Propellerhead announced they would change their name to Reason Studios to have a name more closely tied to their core product: Reason. In November of that year, the company announced their roadmap for 2020 which would include support for VST3 and native M1 support. Various delays led to VST3 being introduced in December 2022. Native M1/M2 support

2666-412: The field) meet to discuss SF and generally enjoy themselves. (A few fannish couples have held their weddings at conventions.) The 1st World Science Fiction Convention or Worldcon was held in conjunction with the 1939 New York World's Fair , and has been held annually since the end of World War II . Worldcon has been the premier convention in fandom for over half a century; it is at this convention that

2728-496: The first fanzines, Futuria Fantasia was cyclostyled in Milan in 1963 by Luigi Cozzi (later to become a filmmaker), its title paid homage to Ray Bradbury's fanzine by the same name; L’Aspidistra , edited by Riccardo Leveghi in Trento starting in 1965 featured contributions by Gianfranco de Turris, Gian Luigi Staffilano, and Sebastiano Fusco, future editors of professional magazines and book series; also Luigi Naviglio, editor in 1965 of

2790-701: The first users of computers, email, personal computers and the Internet. Many professional science fiction authors started their interest in science fiction as fans, and some still publish their own fanzines or contribute to those published by others. A widely regarded (though by no means error-free) history of fandom in the 1930s can be found in Sam Moskowitz 's The Immortal Storm: A History of Science Fiction Fandom (Hyperion Press, 1988, ISBN   0-88355-131-4 ; original edition The Atlanta Science Fiction Organization Press, Atlanta, Georgia 1954). Moskowitz

2852-496: The former League chapters which were spun off was the Philadelphia Science Fiction Society , which served as a model for subsequent SF societies formed independent of the League history. Science-fiction societies, more commonly referred to as "clubs" except on the most formal of occasions, form a year-round base of activities for science-fiction fans. They are often associated with an SF convention or group of conventions, but maintain

2914-502: The forums were shut down indefinitely due to security concerns with the forum software. On 17 December, they were resurrected with 4 new forum categories: Beginner, Advanced User, Rack Extensions and Post Your Music. On 16 January 2014, Propellerhead Software announced that they will close down the 15-year-old Reason community forums, shifting online customer interaction to their general social media accounts instead. The unofficial new forum, run by Reason users rather than by Propellerhead,

2976-531: The homes of individual members, such as the Bay Area Science Fiction Association . As a community devoted to discussion and exploration of new ideas, fandom has become an incubator for many groups that started out as special interests within fandom, some of which have partially separated into independent intentional communities not directly associated with science fiction. Among these groups are comic book fandom, media fandom ,

3038-460: The largest of these is the annual Dragon*Con in Atlanta, Georgia with an attendance of more than 20,000 since 2000. In the United States, many science-fiction societies were launched as chapters of the Science Fiction League and, when it faded into history, several of the original League chapters remained viable and were subsequently incorporated as independent organizations. Most notable among

3100-404: The letter column of Hugo Gernsback 's fiction magazines. Not only did fans write comments about the stories—they sent their addresses, and Gernsback published them. Soon, fans were writing letters directly to each other, and meeting in person when they lived close together, or when one of them could manage a trip. In New York City, David Lasser , Gernsback's managing editor, nurtured the birth of

3162-443: The most important virtual instruments in the history of electronic music". See List of notable Reason users . Software company There are a number of different types of software companies: Organizing a software company is a very specialized type of management skill, where experienced persons can turn the organizational problem into a unique benefit. For example, having sub-teams spread in different time zones may allow

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3224-495: The only way of mass importing additional sounds into Reason. Reason and its antecedents have been widely used by producers and musicians in the hip-hop , electronica and indie music scenes from the 2000s onwards. According to Computer Music it "changed the face of desktop music production". ReBirth RB-338 has been described by Sound on Sound as "one of the first software instruments to achieve widespread acceptance and even cult status" and by Future Music as "one of

3286-511: The people and pay for their time. This leads to each private employee having two bosses – the product/project manager and the specialized "resource" manager. On one hand it optimizes the usage of human resources, on the other hand it may give rise to conflicts about which one manager has priority in the structure. There are also a number of variants of these structures, and a number of organizations have this structure spread and split within various departments and units. Software companies may use

3348-432: The place of fandom in one's life. Science-fiction fans often refer to themselves using the irregular plural "fen": man/men, fan/fen. As science fiction fans became professional writers, they started slipping the names of their friends into stories. Wilson "Bob" Tucker slipped so many of his fellow fans and authors into his works that doing so is called tuckerization . The subgenre of " recursive science fiction" has

3410-488: The tempo of a loop without affecting the pitch. The export medium was Propellerhead's own REX format. ReCycle was launched in conjunction with Steinberg , who marketed it as a companion to Cubase, as it brought a simple way of gaining control over tempo and timing of audio loops. In 1997, Propellerhead released ReBirth RB-338 , a step based, programmable sequencer which emulated classic Roland instruments commonly associated with techno: two TB-303 Bass Line synthesizers and

3472-600: The world. Fandom in non-Anglophone countries is based partially on local literature and media, with cons and other elements resembling those of English-speaking fandom, but with distinguishing local features. For example, Finland 's national gathering Finncon is funded by the government, while all conventions and fan activities in Japan are heavily influenced by anime and manga . Science fiction and fantasy fandom has its own slang or jargon , sometimes called "fanspeak" (the term has been in use since at least 1962 ). Fanspeak

3534-399: Was about a mutant variety of humans who are superior to regular humanity and are therefore hunted down and killed by the normal human population. While the story has nothing to do with fandom, many science-fiction fans felt very close to the protagonists, feeling their experience as bright people in a mundane world mirrored that of the mutants; hence, the rallying cry, "Fans Are Slans!"; and

3596-455: Was added in version 12.6. In May 2023, Reason Studios announced that they would discontinue support for support for the offline authorization used by Reason versions 1–11, requiring users of older versions to be connected to the internet for authorization. The name propellerhead comes from the pejorative term used to deprecate science fiction fans and other technophiles , who are stereotypically drawn wearing propeller beanies . The company

3658-421: Was developed jointly between Propellerhead and Steinberg for use with their Cubase sequencer. Released in 1998, it provided a virtual audio and synchronization connection between Cubase and ReBirth. In January 1999 the protocol was opened for general use by third parties without any license fee, to allow communication between different sequencers. Propellerhead soon focused their attention on their new product,

3720-566: Was held in Lund in 1956. Today, there are a number of science fiction clubs in the country, including Scandinavian Society for Science Fiction  [ sv ] (whose club fanzine, Science Fiction Forum , was once edited by Stieg Larsson , a board member and one-time chairman thereof), Linköpings Science Fiction-Förening and Sigma Terra Corps . Between one and four science-fiction conventions are held each year in Sweden, among them Swecon ,

3782-549: Was himself involved in some of the incidents chronicled and has his own point of view, which has often been criticized. Organized fandom in Sweden ("Sverifandom") emerged during the early 1950s. The first Swedish science fiction fanzine was started in the early 1950s. The oldest still existing club, Club Cosmos  [ sv ] in Gothenburg , was formed in 1954, and the first Swedish science-fiction convention, LunCon ,

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3844-561: Was produced by the Chicago branch of the Science Correspondence Club under the editorship of Raymond A. Palmer (later a noted, and notorious, sf magazine editor) and Walter Dennis. In January 1932, the New York City circle, which by then included future comic-book editors Julius Schwartz and Mort Weisinger , brought out the first issue of their own publication, The Time Traveller , with Forrest J Ackerman of

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