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76-825: After decades of disputes over the territories, the 1777 First Treaty of San Ildefonso settled the division between the Spanish Empire and the Portuguese Empire : the southern part was to be held by the Spanish Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata and the northern territories by the Portuguese Capitania de São Pedro do Rio Grande do Sul (English: Captaincy of Saint Peter of the Southern Río Grande ). The Banda Oriental

152-480: A major center for smuggled goods. In an attempt to regain economic and political control, a new Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata was established in 1776, with its capital at Buenos Aires. Despite opposition from Lima, limited free trade was permitted between Buenos Aires, Montevideo and mainland Spain. Between 1775 and 1776, the undeclared war in the region between the two countries grew increasingly bitter, although

228-524: A total of 17.6 million tons in 2018. Paraná was the 2nd largest producer in the country, with 3.2 million tons. Since 2006, Paraná has been leading the production of beans in Brazil. Brazil is the 3rd largest producer of beans in the world, with an annual harvest of around 3 million tons, 11% of world production. In 2018, the South Region was the main bean producer with 26.4% of the total, followed by

304-760: A treacherous move, Artigas abandoned the blockade over Montevideo and moved to Entre Rios with his supporters. The United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves conquered the southern part in 1817 and renamed it the Província Cisplatina . By the mid-1820s, the Thirty-Three Orientals led a revolution against its successor state (the Brazilian Empire ), igniting the Cisplatine War . At its conclusion, in 1828,

380-498: Is a Petrobras plant specialized in the production of the material. Approximately 7,800 tons are processed daily. In Food industry , In 2019, Brazil was the 2nd largest exporter of processed foods in the world, with a value of U $ 34.1 billion in exports. The Brazilian food and beverage industry's revenue in 2019 was R $ 699.9 billion, 9.7% of the country's Gross Domestic Product. In 2015, the industrial food and beverage sector in Brazil comprised 34,800 companies (not counting bakeries),

456-658: Is at Curitiba , capital of Paraná. The technological center of Curitiba has companies such as Siemens and Positivo Informatics. 87 companies and 16,000 employees work at Tecnoparque, an area of 127,000 m created by state law in 2007. Tecnoparque can grow up to 400,000 m with up to four times the number of workers it has today, reaching 68 thousand people. In the household appliances industry, sales of whitegoods (refrigerators, air conditioners, etc.) were 12.9 million units in 2017. The sector had its peak sales in 2012, with 18.9 million units. The biggest-selling brands were Brastemp, Electrolux , Consul and Philips . Brastemp

532-647: Is bounded on the north by São Paulo state , on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by Santa Catarina state and the Misiones Province of Argentina, and on the west by Mato Grosso do Sul and the republic of Paraguay, with the Paraná River as its western boundary line. The state can be separated into five main topographic areas, from east to west: a coastal zone, the mountains of Serra do Mar , and then three plateaus, each lower than

608-459: Is considered low by Brazilian standards and the state is one of the most developed ones in the nation, ranking 4th in gross domestic product , only behind the states of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Minas Gerais. Before the discovery of the region by European explorers, indigenous populations inhabited the region for thousands of years. This included the Carijó in the lands closer to the sea, from

684-474: Is far from being self-sufficient in the production of barley. The Brazilian market consumes, on average, 1.5 million tons per year. Brazil produces 335 thousand tons, close to 22%. Most, 73%, come from Argentina and Uruguay. In 2018, Paraná was the 4th largest produce of tangerine in Brazil. Paraná also has a part of the production of peaches in Brazil. In 2019, in Brazil, there was a total production area of around 4 thousand hectares of strawberry . Paraná

760-607: Is originally from São Bernardo do Campo-SP. Consul is originally from Santa Catarina, having merged with Brastemp and today being part of the multinational Whirlpool Corporation . Another famous Brazilian brand was Prosdócimo, founded in Curitiba, which was sold to Electrolux . In the small appliances sector, Paraná has one of the famous companies: Britânia , originally from Curitiba. In 2021, Paraná had 120,930 km of highways, 21,173 km of which were paved, and of these, 1,475 km were duplicated highways . There

836-523: Is still a problem and the state is one of the most difficult for foreigners trying to find jobs. In agriculture, the state stands out in the production of soybeans , maize , wheat , sugarcane , cassava , beans , tomato , orange and yerba mate , in addition to also producing coffee , oat , barley , peach , tangerine and strawberry . In 2020, the South Region produced 32% of the national total of cereals, vegetables and oilseeds. There were 77.2 million tons, second place in Brazil, losing only to

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912-407: Is the 2nd largest producer. The Brazilian poultry flock, in 2018, was of the order of 1.5 billion heads. In 2017, the biggest poultry producing state in Brazil was Paraná (25.3%). In terms of chickens , in 2017 there were 242.8 million heads in the country. Among the states that were the largest producers, São Paulo led with 21.9%, followed by Paraná (10.1%). In the production of chicken eggs ,

988-530: Is the government-owned Copel , which supplies electricity, natural gas and other utilities to Paraná and some surrounding areas and in 1997 was among the first Brazilian companies to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange (ELP). The main economic activities are agriculture, industry ( agribusiness , automotive, and paper) and plant extraction (wood and yerba mate ). Despite the good social indicators and high standard of living, unemployment

1064-444: Is the sixth most populous state in Brazil. Its level of urbanization is 83.5%. The 2022 census survey gave the following breakdown by race for the state: 7,389,932 White (64.6%), 3,440,037 Mixed (30.1%), 485,781 Black (4.2%), 100,244 Asian (0.9%), and 28,000 Amerindian (0.2%). Parana's white population is primarily descendant of Portuguese, Italian, Polish and Ukrainian immigrants, but many German families also settled in

1140-702: Is today the Brazilian State of Rio Grande do Sul . First Treaty of San Ildefonso The First Treaty of San Ildefonso was signed on 1 October 1777 between Spain and Portugal . It settled long-running territorial disputes between the two kingdoms' possessions in South America, primarily in the Río de la Plata region. For nearly 300 years, differing interpretations of the Treaty of Tordesillas led to border disputes between Spain and Portugal over

1216-858: The First Treaty of San Ildefonso , Spain returned the island of Santa Catarina to Portugal and recognized Rio Grande de São Pedro as Portuguese territory, but kept the Colonia del Sacramento, along with the Banda Oriental, and the Misiones Orientales. In this way the Banda Oriental became integrated into the Viceroyalty of Río de la Plata (1776–1814). The line that separated the Spanish from the Portuguese territories, however,

1292-639: The Napoleonic Wars and the loss of much of its navy at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805 severed links between the central government and its restive colonies in the Americas. British assaults on Buenos Aires and Montevideo in 1806 and 1807 were repulsed by locally led forces, which gave them the confidence to demand self-rule. The Viceroyalty of Río de la Plata was dissolved during the 1810-1818 Argentine War of Independence . The Misiones Orientales were

1368-580: The Real de San Gabriel y Ciudad de San Salvador (1573–1577) by Juan Ortiz de Zárate. In 1542 the Crown of Castile established the Viceroyalty of Peru , a colonial administrative district that originally contained most of Spanish-ruled South America, governed from the capital of Lima. The Banda Oriental was therefore officially under the administration of the Viceroyalty of Peru from 1542 up to 1776. Although

1444-515: The Río de la Plata region. Although Spanish silver mines in Potosí were far to the west of the disputed area, Portugal constantly tried to annex the silver lode region to its Brazilian colonies. The two countries attempted to resolve their issues in the 1750 Treaty of Madrid but in 1761, it was annulled by the new Spanish monarch Charles III . In 1762, Spain entered the Seven Years' War on

1520-718: The San Francisco de los Olivares de los Charrúas , the San Antonio de los Chanáes and the San Juan de Céspedes . In contrast, the one of Santo Domingo Soriano , founded with Charrúas and Chanáes in Entre Ríos, Argentina, in 1664, was moved on the Isle of Vizcaíno, on the mouth of Río Negro and then in 1718 it was moved again at its present location in the modern Soriano Department . Another notable development came from

1596-673: The Spanish–Portuguese War only formally began in 1776. In February 1777, the new Viceroy of Río de la Plata, Pedro Antonio de Cevallos took command of a Spanish expeditionary force of 116 ships and 19,000 troops. He captured the island of Santa Catarina in February before moving against Colonia del Sacramento which surrendered in July. In August, Cevallos learned Joseph I of Portugal had died in February; his daughter, Maria I now sued for peace and offensive operations ceased. Under

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1672-406: The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) limited the Portuguese colonies to the east of the 46th meridian, in practice, the Portuguese were free to advance in most of the territory that was not colonized by the Spanish, which included most of the Banda Oriental. In the early 17th century the territory was called Banda Charrúa , later Otra Banda ("other shore"), and then Banda Oriental . Later the name

1748-629: The Tupi group, and the Caingangues in the interior, who belonged to the Jê group. Colonisation of the state by settlers started in the 16th century, but was mainly confined to the coasts. Being a region mostly abandoned by the Portuguese, the region was explored by other European countries, who searched primarily for Pau brasil . The most noteworthy presence was that of the Spanish, which brought with them jesuits . Soon, Jesuit reductions were opened in

1824-702: The outbreak of war between Britain and Spain in Europe was the British invasions of the River Plate (1806–1807). The invasions occurred in two phases. A detachment of the British Army occupied Buenos Aires for 46 days in 1806 before being expelled. On 3 February 1807, during the Battle of Montevideo , the British captured the city and occupied it for half a year. They had to abandon it after their defeat in

1900-523: The "Adelantados" (1535–1590), the main concern was to reach the interior in search of precious metals, so this region remained mostly ignored. The first ephemeral Spanish attempts to start populated centres in this territory happened between 1527 and 1577. These were the Fortín de San Lázaro (actual Carmelo ) and the Puerto de San Salvador (1527–1530) by Sebastián Gaboto, the Real de San Juan (1542–1553) and

1976-581: The American Revolutionary War (1779-1783) that restricted trade with mainland Spain and led to high tariffs and taxes to pay for it. The smuggling of duty-free goods remained a lucrative occupation, while heavy taxes and 'voluntary' donations caused unrest, such as the 1781 Revolt of the Comuneros in the Viceroyalty of New Granada . Portugal regained the Misiones Orientales in the Treaty of Badajoz (1801) . Spanish participation in

2052-702: The Brazilian GDP . Crossed by the Tropic of Capricorn, Paraná has what is left of the araucaria forest, one of the most important subtropical forests in the world. At the border with Argentina is the National Park of Iguaçu , considered by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site . 40 km (25 mi) from there, at the border with Paraguay, the largest dam in the world was built, the Hidroelétrica de Itaipu ( Itaipu Hydroelectric Dam ). The crime rate

2128-729: The IBGE. Paraná is the largest producer in volume and Rio Grande do Sul in plantation areas (and where the sector is more industrialized). According to 2017 data, Paraná harvested 301 thousand tons of yerba mate by extractive method, and 237 thousand tons in plantation. The productive potential of yerba mate is still little explored in Brazil, with a good part of the harvest carried out by the extractive system and with low levels of productivity. However, many new producers are adopting more professional and efficient production systems, with technical acuity of management and globalized market vision. This tends to increase Brazil's export of this product. In 2017,

2204-487: The Midwest (25.4%), Southeast Region (25.1%), Northeast (20.6%) and North (2.5%). The State of Paraná leads the ranking of the main national producers with 18.9% of the total produced. Paraná is the 2nd largest national producer of wheat , with 2.2 million tons in 2019, almost equal to Rio Grande do Sul, the biggest producer. The South Region is also the largest producer of oats in Brazil. In 2019, national production

2280-415: The Midwest. Paraná (14.9%) was the 2nd largest producer in the country. In soy , Paraná is the 2nd largest producer in the country, with about 16% of national production. It produced 19.8 million tons in 2020. In 2017, it was also 2nd largest producer of maize (corn). Brazil is the biggest producer of soy and the 2nd biggest producer of corn in the world. Regarding sugarcane , Paraná was, in 2017,

2356-650: The Missions. The Portuguese, having lost the possibility of building a fort in Montevideo, established the Fort of San Miguel in 1737 and then the much larger Fortaleza de Santa Teresa in 1762 on the Atlantic coast of the current Rocha Department , in order to keep a route open for their southward advances into the sparsely populated territories of the Banda Oriental. The Treaty of Madrid (13 January 1750) between

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2432-627: The Paraná had the fifth largest GDP of Brazil , representing 5.90% of the Brazilian GDP in 2005, against 6.4% in 2003. About 15% of Paraná's GDP comes from agriculture . Another 40% comes from industry and the remaining 45% comes from the tertiary sector . As for its exports, in 2012 the main products exported were soybeans (18.73%), Meat Poultry (10.50%), sugar in Natura (8.09%), Soybean Meal (8.00%) and corn (6.36%). The state's largest company

2508-547: The Portuguese settlements around Colonia del Sacramento, until 1723, when Field Marshal Manuel de Freitas da Fonseca of Portugal built the Montevieu fort. As a reaction, on 22 January 1724 a Spanish expedition was sent from Buenos Aires, organized by the Governor of Río de la Plata , Bruno Mauricio de Zabala , who forced the Portuguese to abandon the location and founded and fortified Montevideo . The Spanish started populating

2584-702: The Río de la Plata ), making it a constituent part of the United Provinces of South America . Before the arrival of the Spanish and the Portuguese, several tribes of indigenous people were living in this area as nomads. The principal ones were the Charrúas , the Chanás, the Guayanas and the Guaraníes . Juan Díaz de Solís discovered this territory in 1516. During the conquest of the Río de la Plata area by

2660-537: The Second Battle of Buenos Aires and the armistice of 12 August 1807. The sociopolitical effects of the British invasions have been among the causes of the May Revolution of 25 May 1810. During the British occupation of Montevideo, José Gervasio Artigas , who had joined the body of Blandengues in 1797, organized groups of gauchos and engaged in a guerrilla war against the British. As a result, he

2736-527: The Spanish colonial Governorate of the Río de la Plata . Following the recommendation of the King of Spain, Hernandarias introduced a large amount of cattle in the Banda Oriental, an act which has played a decisive role in the future of the economy of the area. Starting around 1626, fathers of the Franciscan order attempted to establish reductions south of Río Negro. Some of them were short-lived missions like

2812-538: The Treaty, Portugal ceded Colonia del Sacramento, the associated island of San Gabriel and the Misiones Orientales while Spain acknowledged Portuguese control of Southern Brazil and returned Santa Catarina island. A Boundary Commission was established to delineate colonial borders between the Portuguese and Spanish Empires, which were later confirmed by the 1778 Treaty of El Pardo Portugal agreed to prevent

2888-506: The banks of Rio de la Plata, across from Buenos Aires, in 1680. Apart from being seen as evidence that the Portuguese intended to occupy all of the territory, this port in the mouth of the Uruguay River also permitted the Portuguese ships to carry out illegal trade evading Spanish taxation. Spain took the city twice, in 1681 and in 1705, but had to give it back by the Treaty of Utrecht of 1713. The following years saw an expansion of

2964-543: The city, initially with six families moving in from Buenos Aires and soon thereafter by families arriving from the Canary Islands who were called by the locals "gauchos" or "canarios". In this way Montevideo became the center of Spanish control over the Banda Oriental. Its government was carried out by the Cabildo, in which criollos (locally born people of pure or mostly Spanish ancestry) could participate. In 1750,

3040-597: The country. Brazil has two large electro-electronic production hubs, located in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas , in the State of São Paulo, and in Free Economic Zone of Manaus , in the State of Amazonas. There are large internationally renowned technology companies, as well as part of the industries that participate in its supply chain. The country also has other smaller centers, and one of them

3116-451: The eighth in the production of paper. The city that most produced these woods in Brazil was Telêmaco Borba (PR), and the 5th largest was Ortigueira (PR). In 2016, the top five states producing logs for paper and cellulose (mainly eucalyptus ) were: Paraná (15.9 million m ), São Paulo (14.7 million m ), Bahia (13.6 million m ), Mato Grosso do Sul (9.9 million m ) and Minas Gerais (7.8 million m ). Together, they correspond to 72.7% of

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3192-436: The fifth largest producer of cane, third of sugar and fifth of alcohol in the country. It harvested about 46 million tons of cane this year. The state's sugar and alcohol sector has 25 plants and employs around 55,000 people. The regions of Umuarama, Paranavaí, Maringá and Jacarezinho concentrate production. Brazil is the largest world producer, with 672.8 million tons harvested in 2018. In cassava production, Brazil produced

3268-543: The former Provincia Oriental was declared an independent state, Uruguay , by the Treaty of Montevideo . Uruguaiana remained with Brazil. The northern part, between the years of 1836 and 1845, formed a fully independent republic, named as Riograndense Republic . This territory was reconquered by the Brazilian Empire in the Ragamuffin War , and rejoined the empire under the Poncho Verde Treaty. It

3344-427: The highest temperatures found in the northwest and the lowest around Palmas , which is considered the coldest city of Paraná by the meteorological body Simepar. In the coastal plain minimum average temperatures range between 16–18 °C (61–64 °F). Precipitation is less than 1,200 mm (47 in) a year in the north of the state, rising to above 1,800 mm (71 in) in the southwest and southeast of

3420-546: The kings of Spain and Portugal, allowed further expansion of the Portuguese Empire west of the 46th meridian. The treaty also stipulated that Spain would receive Colonia del Sacramento and Portugal would receive the Misiones Orientales . This, however, resulted in the Guaraní War (1754–1756), after which the Treaty of El Pardo (1761) repealed all aspects of the previous treaty. The First Cevallos expedition

3496-590: The location of the Jesuit mission to the Guarani people and the basis for the 1986 Robert De Niro film The Mission . Paran%C3%A1 (state) Paraná ( Brazilian Portuguese: [paɾɐˈna] ) is one of the 26 states of Brazil , in the south of the country. It is bordered in the north by São Paulo state, in the east by the Atlantic Ocean , in the south by Santa Catarina state and

3572-475: The modern Rio Grande do Sul , which constituted the north part of the Banda Oriental of the times. Although Spain claimed the territory of the Banda Oriental, based on the Treaty of Tordesillas, it did not officially belong to the Spanish Crown during the 17th century. The Portuguese, being able to advance without resistance in the sparsely populated territory, founded the city Colonia del Sacramento on

3648-433: The national production of 85.1 million m . The ten largest producing municipalities had 22.9% of the country's production. They were the cities of Telêmaco Borba (PR), Três Lagoas (MS), Caravelas (BA), Mucuri (BA), Ortigueira (PR), São Mateus (ES), Dom Eliseu (PR), Nova Viçosa (BA), Water Clara (MS) and Ribas do Rio Pardo (MS). Paraná is the largest producer of oil shale in Brazil. In the city of São Mateus do Sul , there

3724-407: The nearby territories came under Spanish control until the Treaty of Paris (1763), by which all the territory conquered by the first Cevallos expedition was given back to Portugal. Santa Tecla, San Miguel, Santa Teresa and Rio Grande de São Pedro, however, remained in Spanish hands, which became the cause of further Portuguese attacks. At the conclusion of the Spanish–Portuguese War of 1776-1777 , by

3800-418: The new viceroy. The Battle of Las Piedras (1811) was the decisive defeat of Elío by land, although he was still keeping Montevideo supported by naval forces. At this point, Elío allied himself with Brazilian forces and requested their intervention in the conflict. Fearing defeat, Buenos Aires signed a truce with Elío, recognizing him as the ruler of the Banda Oriental and half of Entre Ríos. Considering this

3876-564: The north, mostly of Portuguese, but also of African and Amerindian origin, and another from southern Brazil to the southwest and west, mostly of Portuguese, Italian, and German origins. Most populous cities in Parana Religion in Paraná (2010) According to the 2010 Brazilian Census, most of the population (69.6%) is Roman Catholic , other religious groups include Protestants or evangelicals (22.2%), Spiritists (1.0%), None 4.6%, and people with other religions (2.6%). In 2013,

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3952-417: The office of the Governor of Montevideo was created, with jurisdiction in the southern departments of modern Uruguay. The rest of the territories of modern Uruguay, along with part of the modern Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul remained under the jurisdiction of the Superintendencia de Buenos Aires, while another part of the territory of the Banda Oriental at the northwest was governed by the authorities of

4028-523: The other, until the Paraná River is reached. According to the Köppen climate classification , the north and west of the state, and the east coast, is of the Cfa climate type, with the remainder being Cfb . An alternative analysis using the ECMWF model indicates that the Aw and Cwa Köppen types appear in the north. The northern part of the state is the convergence point between the Tropical Atlantic and Equatorial Continental air masses. The annual mean air temperature ranges between 15 and 24°, with

4104-427: The province of Misiones , Argentina , and in the west by Mato Grosso do Sul and Paraguay , with the Paraná River as its western boundary. It is subdivided into 399 municipalities , and its capital is the city of Curitiba . Other major cities are Londrina , Maringá , Ponta Grossa , Cascavel , São José dos Pinhais and Foz do Iguaçu . The state is home to 5.4% of the Brazilian population and generates 6.2% of

4180-440: The reductions of the Compañía de Jesús further north of the Uruguay River, where indigenous Guaraníes and Tapes were being kidnapped from the missions by the bandeirantes to be used as slaves in São Paulo . To prevent this, in 1631, father Antonio Ruiz de Montoya migrated with 12,000 Guaraníes further east, in the modern State of Paraná of Brazil, while in 1636, father Nicolás del Techo migrated with another 12,000 Tapes towards

4256-499: The side of France, resulting in the so-called Fantastic War of 1762-1763 . With British support, the Portuguese repulsed a Franco-Spanish invasion in Europe. In South America, Spain captured the Portuguese port of Colonia del Sacramento , now in Uruguay and much of the modern-day Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul . However, the 1763 Treaty of Paris required Spain to return Colonia del Sacramento and by 1777, Portugal had reoccupied Rio Grande do Sul. Much of Spanish South America

4332-401: The smuggling of goods and deny the use of its ports to military or commercial vessels from nations hostile to Spain. This was aimed at Britain, with whom Spain was at war from 1779 to 1783. Charles hoped settling the border would help the economic growth of the new Viceroyalty and reduce unrest among its population. While partially successful, development was hampered by Spain's involvement in

4408-437: The state ranks 2nd in Brazil, with 9,6% of national production. In fish farming , western Paraná, in municipalities close to Toledo and Cascavel , has become the largest fish-producing region in the country, with tilapia as the main cultivated species. The west represents 69% of all production in Paraná, the largest national producer, with 112 thousand tons. Of this amount, 91% refer to tilapia breeding. The South region

4484-428: The state's cattle herd was 9.3 million head, 10th place in the country. In 2018, Paraná produced a total of 4.4 billion liters of milk , making it the 2nd largest producer in the country. The city of Castro was the largest producer in the country in 2018, with 292 million liters of milk. In pork , the 3 southern states are the largest producers in the country. Brazil had 41.1 million head in 2017. Paraná (17.2%)

4560-613: The state's industry. In Brazil, the automotive sector represents close to 22% of industrial GDP. In 2019 the state came 2nd in national vehicle production, with a share of 15%. The state has Volkswagen , Renault , Audi , Volvo and DAF plants. In the paper and cellulose sector, Brazilian pulp production was 19.691 million tons in 2019. The country exported US$ 7.48 billion in pulp this year, US$ 3.25 billion only to China. Brazilian forest-based industry exports totaled US$ 9.7 billion (US$ 7.48 billion in cellulose, US$ 2 billion in paper and US$ 265 million in wood panels). Paper production

4636-525: The state. The Cfa climate, subtropical with good distribution of annual rainfall and hot summers, occurs in the coastal plain and western parts of the state. Average temperature is 19 °C (66 °F), with rainfall of 1,500 millimetres (59.1 in) per year. The Cfb climate, warm temperate with good distribution of annual rainfall and mild summers, occurs at higher elevation. The average annual temperatures are 17 °C (63 °F) and rainfall of 1,200 millimetres (47.2 in) per year. Parana

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4712-483: The state. A variation of German known as Paraná-Wolga-Deutsch originated in the area. Initially settled by the Guarani and Kaingang Amerindians , until the 17th century, virtually no European presence existed in Paraná. The number of settlers grew around 1750 and the population was composed of Amerindians, Portuguese, and some Spaniards. African slaves from Angola and Mozambique were also present, but in fewer numbers than in other Brazilian areas, because Paraná

4788-645: The turnover of industries in Brazil reached R $ 153.0 billion in 2019, about 3% of the national GDP. The number of employees in the sector was 234.5 thousand people. Exports were US$ 5.6 billion, and the country's imports were US$ 32.0 billion. Brazil, despite its efforts over the decades to get rid of the dependence on technology imports, has not yet managed to reach this level. Imports are concentrated in expensive components, such as processors, microcontrollers, memories, under-mounted magnetic disks, lasers, LED and LCD. Cables for telecommunication and electricity distribution, wires, optical fibers and connectors are manufactured in

4864-458: The vast majority of which were small. These companies employed more than 1,600,000 workers, making the food and beverage industry the largest employer in the manufacturing industry. There are around 570 large companies in Brazil, which concentrate a good part of the total industry revenue. Paraná created food companies of national importance such as Frimesa , C.Vale , Nutrimental , Copacol, Coopavel and Matte Leão . In Electronics industry ,

4940-447: The western and south-western parts of the state, whose territory largely belonged to the Spanish crown. In 1554, Domingo Martínez de Irala founded the town of Ontiveros, one league away from the Guaíra Falls . In the 1940s, the northern part of the state was settled as a result of the expansion of the São Paulo coffee industry. The south-eastern part of the state was settled as a result of migration from Rio Grande do Sul . Paraná

5016-408: Was 10.535 million tons in 2019. The country exported 2.163 million tons. In 2016, the paper and cellulose industry in the South of the country represented 33% of the national total. This year, Paraná was the national leader in the production of roundwood (mainly eucalyptus ) for the pulp and paper industry (15.9 million m ); Brazil was the second country that produced the most cellulose in the world and

5092-419: Was a military action between September 1762 and April 1763, by the Spanish forces led by Don Pedro Antonio de Cevallos, Governor of Buenos Aires, against the Portuguese in the Banda Oriental as part of the Seven Years' War . The Portuguese territories of Colonia del Sacramento were conquered by the Spanish and the Anglo-Portuguese forces were defeated and forced to surrender and retreat. Colonia del Sacramento and

5168-410: Was a sinuous one, lacking any natural formations to define it precisely, and underwent various changes during the next decades. In 1796, the body of the Blandengues was formed to protect the ranchers and peasants from vagrancy, theft and contraband. The government, lacking resources, offered to pardon any outlaws that would join this body, and they in turn brought also their horses into it. A result of

5244-454: Was an unexplored region that did not need much slave manpower. As part of the province of São Paulo, immigration grew in the mid-19th century, mostly composed of Italian, German, Polish, Ukrainian, and Japanese peoples. While large numbers of Poles and Ukrainians are present in Paraná, their presence in the rest of Brazil is relatively small, especially Ukrainians. In the early 20th century, two waves of migration to Paraná occurred: one coming from

5320-410: Was close to 800 thousand tons, being almost all carried out in the South (Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul). About orange , Paraná was the 3rd largest producer in Brazil in 2018, with a total of 834 thousand tons. Although not a large production, Paraná is the Brazilian leader in the production of barley . The state harvested 219.2 thousand tons in 2019, 60% of the national production. However, Brazil

5396-404: Was controlled by the Viceroyalty of Peru which required all trade to pass through Lima on the Pacific. This policy made imports expensive, prevented the economic development of the Atlantic coast and caused increasing dissatisfaction with Spanish rule. Portuguese encroachments in the Río de la Plata allowed their merchants to evade these commercial restrictions; Buenos Aires subsequently become

5472-515: Was extended to encompass Entre Ríos , to describe the territories in those latitudes that lead to the Mar del Nord (Atlantic Ocean). The area north of the Banda Oriental was the territory called by the Guaraní word Mbiaza or Ibiazá , rendered in Spanish as La Vera . In 1618, during the governance of Hernando Arias de Saavedra (commonly known as Hernandarias), the Banda Oriental was integrated into

5548-694: Was not a separate administrative unit until the de facto creation of the Provincia Oriental (English: Eastern Province ) by José Gervasio Artigas in 1813 and the subsequent decree of the Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata of 7 March 1814, which formally established the Gobernación Intendencia Oriental del Río de la Plata (English: Governorship-Intendency East of

5624-607: Was promoted to Captain of the Blandengues by the Spanish in 1809. However, when the Primera Junta was proclaimed in Buenos Aires, Artigas abandoned the ranks of the Spanish and joined the revolution, which promoted him to Colonel. With little help from Buenos Aires, he was sent to organize a rebellion in the Banda Oriental, where Montevideo was now the new capital of the viceroyalty, with Francisco Javier de Elío as

5700-600: Was the 4th largest producers in the country. In coffee , Paraná is the producer state located further south in the country. It was once the largest producing state in Brazil: in 1962, Paraná accounted for 58% of national production, but in 2017, it had only 2.7% of the total produced in the country. The coffee culture has been replaced by other planting crops, and the state's focus today has been to invest in special, more expensive coffee beans. In 2019, Brazil produced about 900 thousand tons of yerba mate annually, according to

5776-585: Was the main producer of honey in the country in 2017, accounting for 39.7% of the national total. Paraná was the 2nd largest producer in the country, with 14.3%. About industry , Paraná had an industrial GDP of R $ 92.8 billion in 2017, equivalent to 7.8% of the national industry. It employs 763,064 workers in the industry. The main industrial sectors are: Food (19.1%), Industrial Services of Public Utility, such as Electricity and Water (18.5%), Construction (17.3%), Motor Vehicles (8.1%), and Petroleum Derivatives and Biofuels (5.7%). These 5 sectors concentrate 68.7% of

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