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110-526: Public Forum debate was invented in 2002. It was initially called "Ted Turner Debate" for CNN founder Ted Turner . The "crossfire" period of PF is modeled after Crossfire (U.S. TV program) , a political debate show on CNN. Public Forum debate is often described as more accessible than policy debate. Unlike policy, which has one topic per year, PF debate topics switch every month or every two months and are based on current events. In policy debate, participants tend to "spread" , or speak very fast, something that

220-509: A wire service known as CNN Wire. CNN's digital storefront, which sells branded merchandise, household goods, and software, is operated by StackCommerce via partnership. In 2021, CNN Digital had an average of 144 million unique visitors in the United States according to Comscore , making it the most viewed digital news outlet, ahead of The New York Times , NBC News, Fox News, The Washington Post . The network also hosts CNN-10,

330-437: A 3-minute crossfire. The first speaker asks the first question in the crossfire, and the rest of the crossfire consists of each speaker asking their opponent questions. The first rebuttal speaker refutes the constructive speech for the opposite side (that is, the second constructive speech). Parts of this case are sometimes pre-written and are known as "answers to" (A/2s or ATs) or "blocks". The second refutation speaker refutes

440-516: A collection of five major digital media companies are also noted for their strong influence over their respective industries: Due to cross-ownership restrictions in place for much of the 20th century limiting broadcasting and print assets, as well as difficulties in establishing synergy between the two media, print companies largely stay within the print medium. The First Amendment to the United States Constitution included

550-459: A daily 10-minute video show visible at the CNN website or YouTube. It replaced the long-running show CNN Student News which had been aired since 1989. It is aimed at a global audience of students, teachers, and adults, and was hosted by Carl Azuz. In fall of 2022, Carl Azuz was replaced by Coy Wire as the host of CNN 10, after leaving CNN due to a "personal decision" according to a CNN spokesperson in

660-668: A diverse array of owners because it would lead to a diverse array of program and service viewpoints." The Communications Act of 1934 refined and expanded on the authority of the FCC to regulate public airwaves in the United States, combining and reorganizing provisions from the Federal Radio Act of 1927 and the Mann-Elkins Act of 1910 . It empowered the FCC, among other things, to administer broadcasting licenses, impose penalties and regulate standards and equipment used on

770-635: A documentary miniseries produced by Tom Hanks , and Gary Goetzman which chronicled the United States in the 1960s. Owing to its success, CNN commissioned follow-ups focusing on other decades. Anderson Cooper 360° was expanded to run two hours long, from 8 pm to 10 pm. By 2019, CNN had produced at least 35 original series. Alongside the Hanks/Goetzman franchise (including the 2018 spin-off 1968 ), CNN has aired other documentary miniseries relating to news and U.S. policies, such as The Bush Years , and American Dynasties: The Kennedys —which saw

880-533: A film division called CNN Films to distribute and produce made-for-TV and feature documentaries . Its first acquisition was a documentary entitled Girl Rising , a documentary narrated by Meryl Streep that focused on the struggles of girls' education. In July 2014, Cumulus Media announced that it would end its partnership with ABC News Radio , and enter into a new partnership with CNN to syndicate national and international news content for its stations through Westwood One beginning in 2015, including access to

990-405: A focus on political news and discussion during the evening and primetime hours. The network's morning programming consists of Early Start , an early-morning news program now hosted by Kasie Hunt at 5–6 a.m. ET. This is followed by CNN This Morning , the network's morning show , hosted by Poppy Harlow and Phil Mattingly , at 6–9 a.m. ET. Since April 2023, CNN News Central has served as

1100-741: A food blog called "Eatocracy", which will "cover all news related to food – from recalls to health issues to culture". CNN had an internet relay chat (IRC) network at chat.cnn.com. CNN placed a live chat with Benjamin Netanyahu on the network in 1998. CNNHealth consists of expert doctors answering viewers' questions online at CNN's "The Chart" blog website. Contributors include Sanjay Gupta (Chief Medical Correspondent), Charles Raison (Mental Health Expert), Otis Brawley (Conditions Expert), Melina Jampolis (Diet and Fitness Expert), Jennifer Shu (Living Well Expert), and Elizabeth Cohen (Senior Medical Correspondent). In early 2008, CNN began maintaining

1210-651: A large number of broadcast stations all at once. After the controversy caused by criticism of President George W. Bush and the Iraq War by a member of the Dixie Chicks , the band was banned by Cumulus Media and Clear Channel Communications , which also organized pro-war demonstrations. After the Super Bowl XXXVIII wardrobe malfunction , CBS CEO Les Moonves reportedly banned Janet Jackson from all CBS and Viacom properties, including MTV , VH1 ,

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1320-539: A limitation upon free speech. Consequently, "the franchise to operate a broadcasting station, often worth millions, is awarded free of charge to enterprises selected under the standard of 'public interest, convenience, or necessity.'" Nevertheless, radio and television was dominated by the Big Three television networks until the mid-1990s, when the Fox network and UPN and The WB started to challenge that hegemony. In 1975,

1430-604: A live streaming broadcast available to cable and satellite subscribers who receive CNN at home (a precursor to the TV Everywhere services that would become popularized by cable and satellite providers beginning with Time Warner's incorporation of the medium). CNN International is broadcast live, as part of the RealNetworks SuperPass subscription service outside the U.S. CNN also offers several RSS feeds and podcasts . CNN also has multiple channels in

1540-411: A loophole by broadcasters to contravene its market share rules and increase their market share through consolidation. The existing portfolios of broadcasters who now exceeded the cap due to the change were grandfathered , including the holdings of Ion Media Networks , Tribune Media , and Univision . However, on April 21, 2017, under new Trump administration FCC commissioner Ajit Pai , the discount

1650-592: A major surge for the three largest cable news networks (completing a rankings streak of Fox News at number 5 and MSNBC at number 6 for that year), it settled back to number 11 in 2021 and had further declined to number 21 in 2022. Globally, CNN programming has aired through CNN International , seen by viewers in over 212 countries and territories. Since May 2019, however, the US domestic version has absorbed international news coverage in order to reduce programming costs. The American version, sometimes referred to as CNN (US),

1760-407: A new version of the CNN.com website; the revamped site included the addition of a new "sign up" option, in which users can create their own username and profile, and a new "CNN Pulse" (beta) feature, along with a new red color theme. However, most of the news stories archived on the website were deleted. The topical news program Judy Woodruff's Inside Politics was the first CNN program to feature

1870-461: A newsletter published on September 18, 2022. On November 28, 2016, CNN announced the acquisition of Beme for a reported $ 25 million. On November 29, 2016, Matt Hackett, co-founder of Beme, announced via an email to its users that the Beme app would be shutting down on January 31, 2017. Since the shutdown of the app, it was announced that CNN intended to use the current talent behind Beme to work on

1980-550: A problem by the means of a certain position. Resolution options and official topics are released by the National Speech and Debate Association (NSDA) on their website. Competitors are encouraged to focus on the "main issues" of the topic rather than search for obscure arguments. The resolution changes frequently and focuses on current events. Some topics spread the length of two months, while others rotate monthly. Topics include: CNN Cable News Network ( CNN )

2090-419: A provision that protected "freedom of the press" from Congressional action. For newspapers and other print items, in which the medium itself was practically infinite and publishers could produce as many publications as they wanted without interfering with any other publisher's ability to do the same, this was not a problem. The debut of radio broadcasting in the first part of the 20th century complicated matters;

2200-428: A round-up of blogs in 2005. Blog coverage was expanded when Inside Politics was folded into The Situation Room ( Inside Politics later returned to CNN in 2014, this time hosted by the network's chief national correspondent John King. ). In 2006, CNN launched CNN Exchange and CNN iReport , initiatives designed to further introduce and centralize the impact of everything from blogging to citizen journalism within

2310-404: A rounded, flat look in a predominantly black, white, and red color scheme, and the introduction of a new box next to the CNN logo for displaying show logos and segment-specific graphics, rather than as a large banner above the lower third. The redesign also replaced the scrolling ticker with a static "flipper", which could either display a feed of news headlines (both manually inserted and taken from

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2420-496: A separate start-up endeavor. Beme's current team will retain full creative control of the new project, which was slated to be released in the summer of 2017. Beme have also brought on other internet stars such as the host of Vsauce 3, Jake Roper, as head of production, who features prominently in Beme co-founder Casey Neistat 's vlogs. Beme News has since begun uploading news related video on YouTube . In October 2012, CNN formed

2530-454: A single entity of a daily newspaper and television or radio broadcast station operating in the same local market." The ruling was put in place to limit media concentration in TV and radio markets, because they use public airwaves, which is a valuable, and now limited, resource. The Telecommunications Act of 1996 was an influential act for media cross-ownership. One of the requirements of the act

2640-411: A single public hearing and the review of nearly two-million pieces of correspondence from the public opposing further relaxation of the ownership rules the FCC voted 3-2 to repeal the newspaper/broadcast cross-ownership ban and to make changes to or repeal several of its other ownership rules as well. In the order, the FCC noted that the newspaper/broadcast cross-ownership rule was no longer necessary in

2750-472: A slate for 2023 that would include commissions such as Giuliani: What Happened to America's Mayor? , United States of Scandal , and The 2010s . In May 2024, CNN ordered a U.S. version of the long-running British news comedy panel show Have I Got News for You . CNN began broadcasting in the high-definition 1080i resolution format in September 2007. This format is now standard for CNN and

2860-552: A smaller box below the CNN bug, which displayed either the title, hashtag , or Twitter handle for the show being aired or its anchor. In April 2016, CNN began to introduce a new corporate typeface, known as "CNN Sans", across all of its platforms. Inspired by Helvetica Neue and commissioned after consultations with Troika Design Group, the font family consists of 30 different versions with varying weights and widths to facilitate use across print, television, and digital mediums. CNN International would also adopt these graphics, but with

2970-515: A statute that forbids a single company to own both a newspaper and a television or radio station in the same city. FCC Chairman Kevin Martin circulated the plan in October 2007. Martin's justification for the rule change is to ensure the viability of America's newspapers and to address issues raised in the 2003 FCC decision that was later struck down by the courts. The FCC held six hearings around

3080-474: A trend which still continues. Over 4,000 radio stations were bought out, and minority ownership of TV stations dropped to its lowest point since the federal government began tracking such data in 1990. Since the Telecommunications Act of 1996 , restrictions on media merging have decreased. Although merging media companies seems to provide many positive outcomes for the companies involved in

3190-406: A wire service, and digital content for its station websites. The service was unbranded, allowing individual stations to integrate the content with their news brands. On July 9, 2020, citing "extraordinary circumstances in the current marketplace" and a need to prioritize the company's resources, Westwood One announced that the service would be discontinued on August 30. The audio simulcast of CNN

3300-487: Is a multinational news channel and website operating from Midtown Atlanta , Georgia, U.S. Founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner and Reese Schonfeld as a 24-hour cable news channel, and presently owned by the Manhattan -based media conglomerate Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD), CNN was the first television channel to provide 24-hour news coverage and the first all-news television channel in

3410-660: Is also available in Canada, and some islands in the Caribbean. CNN also licenses its brand and content to other channels, such as CNN-News18 in India. In Japan it broadcasts CNNj which started in 2003, with simultaneous translation in Japanese. The Cable News Network launched at 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on June 1, 1980. After an introduction by Ted Turner , the husband and wife team of David Walker and Lois Hart anchored

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3520-647: Is available on all major cable and satellite providers. CNN's political coverage in HD was first given mobility by the introduction of the CNN Election Express bus in October 2007. The Election Express vehicle, capable of five simultaneous HD feeds, was used for the channel's CNN-YouTube presidential debates and for presidential candidate interviews. In December 2008, CNN introduced a comprehensive redesign of its on-air appearance, which replaced an existing style that had been used since 2004. On-air graphics took

3630-404: Is distributed on Entercom 's Radio.com website and app. Over the years, CNN has launched spin-off networks in the United States and other countries. Channels that currently operate include: CNN has also launched television and online ventures that are no longer in operation, including: CNN operates bureaus in the following cities as of February 2023 : Media cross-ownership in

3740-505: Is less common in PF, making PF more understandable to the average "lay", or non-debating person. Lincoln-Douglas debate tends to focus on philosophical questions, in contrast to PF. Parliamentary debate is much less structured than PF, and participants are not made aware of their topics until 15–20 minutes before their round, giving them little time to research, gather evidence, and prepare their arguments. In Public Forum, topics are decided prior

3850-419: Is now one of the most popular news websites in the world. The widespread growth of blogs, social media and user-generated content have influenced the site, and blogs, in particular, have focused CNN's previously scattershot online offerings, most noticeably in the development and launch of CNN Pipeline in late 2005. In April 2009, CNN.com ranked third place among online global news sites in unique users in

3960-411: Is often referred to as the most important speech. Competitors "weigh" their points in comparison to their opponents to explain why it is more important through the framework of scope, magnitude, prerequisite, etc.) The summary speeches are followed by the grand crossfire, a crossfire between all speakers. The final focus, given by the second speakers, is 2 minutes and is used to explain to the judge why

4070-612: Is planning to cover major news events with the online, and digital news team in New York City , Atlanta , London , Hong Kong , San Francisco , Dubai , Johannesburg , Tokyo , and Beijing . CNN Newsource is a subscription -based affiliation video service that provides CNN content to television station affiliates with CNN, including terrestrial stations and international stations. Newsource allows affiliates to download videos from CNN, as well as from other affiliates who upload their video to Newsource. CNN also maintains

4180-488: The 46th Annual Grammy Awards , and Infinity Broadcasting Corporation radio stations, impacting sales of her album Damita Jo . Critics point out that media consolidation has allowed Sinclair Broadcast Group to require hundreds of local stations to run editorials by Boris Epshteyn (an advisor to Donald Trump ), terrorism alerts, and anti- John Kerry documentary Stolen Honor , and even to force local news anchors to read an editorial mirroring Trump's denunciation of

4290-580: The District of Columbia Court of Appeals issued a seven-day administrative stay to the UHF discount rulemaking to review the emergency stay motion. The D.C. Court of Appeals denied the emergency stay motion in a one-page memorandum on June 15, 2017, however, the merits of restoring the discount is still subject to a court appeal proceeding scheduled to occur at a later date. Following this, in November 2017,

4400-545: The RSS feeds of CNN.com), or "topical" details related to a story. CNN's next major redesign was introduced on January 10, 2011, replacing the dark, flat appearance of the 2008 look with a glossier, blue-and-white color scheme, moving the secondary logo box to the opposite end of the screen, and framing its graphics for the 16:9 aspect ratio (which is downscaled to a letterboxed format for standard definition feeds). On February 18, 2013, following Jeff Zucker's arrival as head of

4510-611: The Third Circuit struck down the rule change in a 2-1 decision, with the majority opinion stating the FCC "did not adequately consider the effect its sweeping rule changes will have on ownership of broadcast media by women and racial minorities." Pai stated plans to appeal this ruling. The FCC petitioned to the Supreme Court under FCC v. Prometheus Radio Project . The Supreme Court ruled unanimously in April 2021 to reverse

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4620-533: The U.S. Navy crew of a damaged electronic surveillance plane after the Hainan Island incident . The technology consisted of a videophone produced by 7E Communications Ltd of London, UK. This DNG workflow is used today by the network to receive material worldwide using an Apple MacBook Pro , various prosumer and professional digital cameras, software from Streambox Inc., and BGAN terminals from Hughes Network Systems . On October 24, 2009, CNN launched

4730-673: The United Church of Christ , Media Mobilizing Project, the Prometheus Radio Project , the National Hispanic Media Coalition and Common Cause ), which requested an emergency motion to stay the UHF discount order – delaying its June 5 re-implementation – pending a court challenge to the rule. The groups re-affirmed that the rule was technologically obsolete, and was restored for the purpose of allowing media consolidation. The FCC rejected

4840-684: The United States . As of December 2023, CNN had 68,974,000 television households as subscribers in the US According to Nielsen , down from 80 million in March 2021. In June 2021, CNN ranked third in viewership among cable news networks, behind Fox News and MSNBC , averaging 580,000 viewers throughout the day, down 49% from a year earlier, amid sharp declines in viewers across all cable news networks. While CNN ranked 14th among all basic cable networks in 2019, then jumped to 7th during

4950-447: The radio spectrum is finite, and only a limited number of broadcasters could use the medium at the same time. The United States government opted to declare the entire broadcast spectrum to be government property and license the rights to use the spectrum to broadcasters. After several years of experimental broadcast licensing, the United States licensed its first commercial radio station, KDKA , in 1920. Prior to 1927, public airwaves in

5060-406: The 43rd anniversary of its launch, using gradients and rounded corners , thinner fonts, and a modified layout that moved the show title to a secondary tab on the lower third next to the segment title, and replaced the ticker with a static "flipper" for the first time since 2013, among other changes. Amid poor internal reception to the redesign and the firing of Chris Licht as head of CNN, elements of

5170-567: The CNN Presidential Debate than any other CNN program in history. On July 27, 2012, CNN president Jim Walton announced he was resigning after 30 years at the network. Walton remained with CNN until the end of that year. In January 2013, former NBCUniversal President Jeff Zucker replaced Walton. On January 29, 2013, longtime political analysts James Carville and Mary Matalin , and fellow political contributor Erick Erickson were let go by CNN. In February 2022, Zucker

5280-504: The CNN brand. CNN iReport which features user-submitted photos and video, has achieved considerable traction, with increasingly professional-looking reports filed by amateur journalists, many still in high school or college. The iReport gained more prominence when observers of the Virginia Tech shootings sent in first-hand photos of what was going on during the shootings. In April 2010, CNN announced via Twitter that it would launch

5390-422: The CNN logo bug having a white on red color scheme to differentiate it from the domestic network. In August 2016, CNN announced the launch of CNN Aerial Imagery and Reporting (CNN AIR), a drone-based news collecting operation to integrate aerial imagery and reporting across all CNN branches and platforms, along with Turner Broadcasting and Time Warner entities. On June 1, 2023, CNN refreshed its graphics to mark

5500-816: The FCC adopted a Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (FNPR) to address the issues raised by the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit and also to perform the recurring evaluation of the media ownership rules required by the Telecommunications Act. The deliberations would draw upon three formal sources of input:(1) the submission of comments, (2) ten Commissioned studies, and (3) six public hearings. The FCC in 2007 voted to modestly relax its existing ban on newspaper/broadcast cross-ownership. The FCC voted December 18, 2007 to eliminate some media ownership rules, including

5610-487: The FCC made for deregulation was that with more capital, broadcasting organizations could produce more and better local content. However, the research studies by Napoli and Yan showed that once teamed-up, they produced less content. Cross ownership between broadcasting and newspapers is a complicated issue. The FCC believes that more deregulation is necessary. However, with research studies showing that they produced less local content - less voices being heard that are from within

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5720-413: The FCC passed the newspaper and broadcast cross-ownership rule. This ban prohibited the ownership of a daily newspaper and any "full-power broadcast station that serviced the same community". This rule emphasized the need to ensure that a broad number of voices were given the opportunity to communicate via different outlets in each market. Newspapers, explicitly prohibited from federal regulation because of

5830-441: The FCC voted 3-2 along partisan lines to eliminate the cross-ownership ban against owning multiple media outlets in the same local market, as well as increasing the number of television stations that one entity may own in a local market. Pai argued the removal of the ban was necessary for local media to compete with online information sources like Google and Facebook. The decision was appealed by advocacy groups, and in September 2019,

5940-412: The Hanks/Goetzman decades miniseries), and Once in a Great City: Detroit 1962–64 . With the takeover of CNN by Chris Licht and Warner Bros. Discovery, it was announced in October 2022 that CNN would cut back on acquisitions and commissions from third-parties as a cost-cutting measure, but Licht stressed that "longform content remains an important pillar of our programming", while the network announced

6050-579: The Third Circuit's ruling, stating that the FCC's rule changes did not violate the Administrative Procedure Act , and that there was no Congressional mandate for the FCC to consider the impact on minority ownership of its rulemaking, thus allowing the FCC to proceed with relaxation of media cross-ownership rules. A 2008 study found that news stations operated by a small media company produced more local news and more locally produced video than large chain-based broadcasting groups. It

6160-403: The U.S., according to Nielsen/NetRatings; with an increase of 11% over the previous year. CNN Pipeline was the name of a paid subscription service, its corresponding website, and a content delivery client that provided streams of live video from up to four sources (or "pipes"), on-demand access to CNN stories and reports, and optional pop-up "news alerts" to computer users. The installable client

6270-639: The Union co-hosted by Jake Tapper and Dana Bash at 9 a.m. ET followed by the international affairs program Fareed Zakaria GPS at 10 a.m. ET and Inside Politics with Manu Raju at 11 a.m. ET. Weekend primetime, starting at 9 p.m. ET on Saturday and 8 p.m. ET on Sunday, is dedicated mostly to factual programming , such as documentary specials and miniseries like The Whole Story with Anderson Cooper . Documentary-style reality series, such as Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown and United Shades of America , and acquired documentary films presented under

6380-583: The United States This is an accepted version of this page Media cross-ownership is the common ownership of multiple media sources by a single person or corporate entity . Media sources include radio, broadcast television, specialty and pay television , cable, satellite, Internet Protocol television (IPTV), newspapers, magazines and periodicals, music, film, book publishing, video games, search engines, social media, internet service providers, and wired and wireless telecommunications. Much of

6490-520: The United States were regulated by the United States Department of Commerce and largely litigated in the courts as the growing number of stations fought for space in the burgeoning industry. In the earliest days, radio stations were typically required to share the same standard frequency (833 kHz) and were not allowed to broadcast an entire day, instead having to sign on and off at designated times to allow competing stations to use

6600-587: The Wednesday edition of Newsnight has been replaced with King Charles , a limited-run late-night talk show helmed by Gayle King and Charles Barkley . The network's weekend morning programming begins with CNN Newsroom (simulcast from CNN International ) at 4–6 a.m. ET every Saturday and 3–6 a.m. ET every Sunday. CNN Newsroom also airs throughout the day between noon and 8 p.m. ET with hosts Fredricka Whitfield and Jim Acosta . Each weekend day from 6 a.m. ET, until 8 a.m. ET Saturday and 9 a.m. ET Sunday are

6710-472: The airwaves. The Act also mandated that the FCC would act in the interest of the "public convenience, interest, or necessity." The Act established a system whereby the FCC grants licenses to the spectrum to broadcasters for commercial use, so long as the broadcasters act in the public interest by providing news programming. Lobbyists from the largest radio broadcasters, ABC and NBC, wanted to establish high fees for broadcasting licenses, but Congress saw this as

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6820-473: The banner CNN Films may also air during weekend primetime. For the 2014–15 season, after canceling Piers Morgan Tonight (which, itself, replaced the long-running Larry King Live ), CNN experimented with running factual and reality-style programming during the 9:00 p.m. ET hour, such as John Walsh 's The Hunt , This Is Life with Lisa Ling , and Mike Rowe 's Somebody's Gotta Do It . Then-president Jeff Zucker explained that this new lineup

6930-526: The broadcasting spectrum. However, they had to determine whether the license would serve "the public interest, convenience, and necessity". The primary goal for the FCC, from the start, has been to serve the "public interest". A debated concept, the term "public interest" was provided with a general definition by the Federal Radio Commission. The Commission determined, in its 1928 annual report, that "the emphasis must be first and foremost on

7040-416: The change. Beginning in 1985, the FCC implemented a rule stating that television stations broadcasting on UHF channels would be "discounted" by half when calculating a broadcaster's total reach, under the market share cap of 39% of U.S. TV households. This rule was implemented because the UHF band was generally considered inferior to VHF for broadcasting analog television . The notion became obsolete since

7150-576: The channel's first newscast. Burt Reinhardt , the executive vice president of CNN, hired most of the channel's first 200 employees, including the network's first news anchor , former ABC News Capitol Hill senior correspondent Bernard Shaw . Since its debut, CNN has expanded its reach to several cable and satellite television providers, websites, and specialized closed-circuit channels (such as CNN Airport ). The company has 42 bureaus (12 domestic, 31 international), more than 900 affiliated local stations (which also receive news and features content via

7260-426: The citizens, but most importantly - it would be accessible to anyone who wants to broadcast. Not only specifically the big corporations that can afford to broadcast nationally, but more importantly locally . McChesney suggests that to better our current system we need to "establish a bona fide noncommercial public radio and television system, with local and national stations and networks. The expense should come out of

7370-567: The claims, stating that the discount would only allow forward a regulatory review of any station group acquisitions, and that the Institute for Public Representation's criteria for the stay fell short of meeting adequate determination in favor of it by the court; it also claimed that the discount was "inextricably linked" to the agency's media ownership rules, a review of which it initiated in May of that year. The challenge and subsequent stay motion

7480-413: The communities. While less local voices are heard, more national-based voices do appear. Chain-based companies are using convergence, the same content being produced across multiple mediums, to produce this mass-produced content. It is cheaper and more efficient than having to run different local and national news. However, with convergence and chain-based ownership you can choose which stories to run and how

7590-464: The completion of the transition from analog to digital television in 2009; the majority of television stations now broadcast on the UHF band because, by contrast, it is generally considered superior for digital transmission. The FCC voted to deprecate the rule in September 2016; the Commission argued that the UHF discount had become technologically obsolete , and that it was now being used as

7700-423: The consolidation of media outlets, across multiple ownerships, has allowed for a better quality of content. He also stated that the news is interchangeable, and as such, making the media market less concentrated than previously thought, the idea being that since the same story is being pushed across multiple different platforms, then it can only be counted as one news story from multiple sources. Compaine also believed

7810-483: The country to receive public input from individuals, broadcasters and corporations. Because of the lack of discussion during the 2003 proceedings, increased attention has been paid to ensuring that the FCC engages in proper dialogue with the public regarding its current rules change. FCC Commissioners Deborah Taylor-Tate and Robert McDowell joined Chairman Martin in voting in favor of the rule change. Commissioners Michael Copps and Jonathan Adelstein, both Democrats, opposed

7920-515: The debate over concentration of media ownership in the United States has for many years focused specifically on the ownership of broadcast stations, cable stations, newspapers, and websites. Some have pointed to an increase in media merging and concentration of ownership which may correlate to decreased trust in 'mass' media. Over time, both the number of media outlets and concentration of ownership have increased, translating to fewer companies owning more media outlets. Also known as " Big Tech ,"

8030-713: The executive team under Chris Licht - the Quad composed of David Leavy, chief operating officer, and three executive vice presidents (Virginia Moseley for editorial, Amy Entelis for talent, and Eric Sherling for programming) - in place, but expanded their responsibilities. Moseley became the network's first executive editor and would have both national and international news. Adding their ranks, Thompson made Alex MacCallum, who worked with Thompson at The New York Times, executive vice president of digital products. In highlighting these moves, Thompson emphasized existing staff would need to get used to change. In July 2024, CNN announced that it

8140-424: The first constructive speaker, but must also defend the arguments of the second constructive speaker, which have just been refuted by the first refutation speaker. The two speakers then engage in crossfire. The summary speech, given by the 2 first speakers, is given to both reinforce arguments and to refute their opponents, as well as to try and tell the judge which points the debate should be judged on. The summary

8250-553: The frequency. The Federal Radio Act of 1927 (signed into law February 23, 1927) nationalized the airwaves and formed the Federal Radio Commission , the forerunner of the modern Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to assume control of the airwaves. One of the first moves of the FRC was General Order 40 , the first U.S. bandplan , which allocated permanent frequencies for most U.S. stations and eliminated most of

8360-462: The general budget" Benjamin Compaine believes that the current media system is "one of the most competitive major industries in U.S. commerce." He believes that much of the media in the United States is operating in the same market. He also believes that all the content is being interchanged between different media. Compaine believes that due to convergence, two or more things coming together,

8470-511: The guarantee of freedom of the press in the First Amendment to the United States Constitution , were out of the FCC's jurisdiction, but the FCC could use the ownership of a newspaper as a preclusion against owning radio or television licenses, which the FCC could and did regulate. The FCC designed rules to make sure that there is a diversity of voices and opinions on the airwaves. "Beginning in 1975, FCC rules banned cross-ownership by

8580-496: The highest ratings of any CNN original series premiere to-date, with 1.7 million viewers. Parts Unknown concluded after the 2018 suicide of its host Anthony Bourdain ; CNN announced several new miniseries and docuseries for 2019, including American Style (a miniseries produced by the digital media company Vox Media ), The Redemption Project with Van Jones , Chasing Life with Sanjay Gupta , Tricky Dick (a miniseries chronicling Richard Nixon ), The Movies (a spin-off of

8690-408: The impending attack. The company was honored at the 2008 Technology & Engineering Emmy Awards for development and implementation of an integrated and portable IP-based live, edit and store-and-forward digital news gathering (DNG) system. The first use of what would later win CNN this award was in April 2001 when CNN correspondent Lisa Rose Weaver covered, and was detained, for the release of

8800-427: The interest, the convenience, and the necessity of the listening public, and not on the interest, convenience, or necessity of the individual broadcaster or the advertiser." Following this reasoning, early FCC regulations reflected the presumption that "it would not be in the public's interest for a single entity to hold more than one broadcast license in the same community. The view was that the public would benefit from

8910-508: The market. If the combination included a television station , that station couldn't be in the market's top four. As it has since 2003, Prometheus Radio Project argued that the relaxed rule would pave the way for more media consolidation. Broadcasters, pointing to the increasing competition from new platforms, argued that the FCC's rules—including other ownership regulations that govern TV duopolies and radio ownership—should be relaxed even further. The FCC, meanwhile, defended its right to change

9020-465: The media environment. However, his viewpoints on current regulation are; "there is every bit as much regulation by government as before, only now it is more explicitly directed to serve large corporate interests." McChesney believes that the Free Press' objective is a more diverse and competitive commercial system with a significant nonprofit and noncommercial sector. It would be a system built for

9130-403: The media has been saved. Because of the ease of access to send the same message across multiple and different mediums, the message is more likely to be heard. He also believes that due to the higher amount of capital and funding, the media outlets are able to stay competitive because they are trying to reach more listeners or readers by using newer media. Benjamin Compaine's main argument is that

9240-538: The media than they had been in the years before 2004. Critics of media consolidation in broadcast radio say it has made the music played more homogeneous, and makes it more difficult for acts to gain local popularity. They also believe it has reduced the demographic diversity of popular music, pointing to a study which found representation of women in country music charts at 11.3% from 2000 to 2018. Critics cite centralized control as having increased artist self-censorship, and several incidents of artists being banned from

9350-479: The merge, it might lead to some negative outcomes for other companies, viewers and future businesses. The FCC even found that they were indeed negative effects of recent merges in a study that they issued. In September 2002, the FCC issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking stating that the Commission would re-evaluate its media ownership rules pursuant to the obligation specified in the Telecommunications Act of 1996. In June 2003, after its deliberations which included

9460-494: The month starting, giving debaters plenty of time to research and prepare. A Public Forum debate consists of 8 speeches and 3 crossfires, each with a time limit. The first speech, also known as a case, is pre-written and presents the team's "contentions," arguments either supporting or opposing the resolution. These contentions are backed up by warrants, evidence in the form of quotes, or citations from sources. The two speakers from each team who presented cases then participate in

9570-921: The network's rolling news block on weekdays, with its morning edition from 9 a.m. to noon ET anchored by John Berman , Kate Bolduan , and Sara Sidner , and its afternoon edition from 1–4 p.m. ET anchored by Brianna Keilar and Boris Sanchez. In the noon hour is Inside Politics , hosted by Dana Bash . CNN's late afternoon and early evening lineup consists of The Lead with Jake Tapper at 4–5 p.m. ET and The Situation Room with Wolf Blitzer at 5–7 p.m. ET. The network's evening and prime time lineup shifts towards more in-depth programming, including Erin Burnett OutFront at 7 p.m. ET, Anderson Cooper 360° at 8 p.m. ET, and The Source with Kaitlan Collins at 9 p.m. ET. The 10 p.m. and 11 p.m. hours are filled by CNN Newsnight with Abby Phillip and Laura Coates Live respectively. From November 2023,

9680-454: The network, the "flipper" was dropped and reverted to a scrolling ticker. On August 11, 2014, CNN introduced a new graphics package, dropping the glossy appearance for a flat, rectangular scheme incorporating red, white, and black colors, and the Gotham typeface. The ticker alternated between general headlines and financial news from CNN Business , and the secondary logo box was replaced with

9790-414: The news is more readily available, making it far easier for individuals to access than traditional methods. A 2012 Gallup poll found that Americans' distrust in the mass media had hit a new high, with 60% saying they had little or no trust in the mass media to report the news fully, accurately, and fairly. Distrust had increased since the previous few years, when Americans were already more negative about

9900-429: The part-time broadcasters. The Communications Act of 1934 was the stepping stone for all of the communications rules that are in place today. When first enacted, it created the FCC (Federal Communications Commission). It was created to regulate the telephone monopolies, but also regulate the licensing for the spectrum used for broadcasting. The FCC was given authority by Congress to give out licenses to companies to use

10010-482: The popular video-sharing site YouTube , but those videos can only be viewed in the United States, a source of criticism among YouTube users worldwide. In 2014, CNN launched a radio version of their television programming on TuneIn Radio. On March 7, 2017, CNN announced the official launch of its virtual reality unit named CNNVR. It will produce 360 videos to its Android and iOS apps within CNN Digital. It

10120-502: The prior graphics began to be reinstated later that month, including the bolder typography previously used for lower third headlines. Further changes were made on August 14, 2023, with the return of the scrolling ticker and the show title box to make it closer resemble the 2014–23 graphics, but maintaining most of the other visual changes. On June 27, 2024, CNN hosted the first presidential debate for former President Donald Trump and President Joe Biden. CNN claimed that more people watched

10230-599: The public for a comment period. The decision by the FCC was overturned by the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit in Prometheus Radio Project v. FCC in June, 2004. The Majority ruled 2-1 against the FCC and ordered the Commission to reconfigure how it justified raising ownership limits. The Supreme Court later turned down an appeal, so the ruling stands. In June 2006,

10340-406: The public interest to maintain competition, diversity or localism. However, in 2007 the FCC revised its rules and ruled that they would take it "case-by-case and determine if the cross-ownership would affect the public interest. The rule changes permitted a company to own a newspaper and broadcast station in any of the nation's top 20 media markets as long as there are at least eight media outlets in

10450-470: The rules either way." That public interest is what the FCC bases its judgments on, whether a media cross-ownership would be a positive and contributive force, locally and nationally. The FCC held one official forum, February 27, 2003, in Richmond, Virginia in response to public pressures to allow for more input on the issue of elimination of media ownership limits. Some complain that more than one forum

10560-454: The speaker's team should win the debate. Debaters are not allowed to bring up new material in final focus. "Prep" time differs from tournament to tournament. The most common amount of prep in a debate are 3 minutes. This prep time can be taken in between speeches or at other times, but some tournaments or leagues may have rules about when prep time is allowed to be taken. Each team may use the other team's prep time for their preparation, however,

10670-415: The stories are heard - being able to be played in local communities and national stage. Robert McChesney is an advocate for media reform, and the co-founder of Free Press , which was established in 2003. His work is based on theoretical, normative, and empirical evidence suggesting that media regulation efforts should be more strongly oriented towards maintaining a healthy balance of diverse viewpoints in

10780-528: The time is only taken from the team that decided to take prep time. Strategically, most teams do prep when the other team is prepping to maximize their own prep time. Though it is not common practice, some national tournaments give teams additional prep time. For example, the Yale Invitational Debate Tournament provides both teams with 4 minutes of prep time. Topics are presented as resolutions, meaning they advocate for solving

10890-621: The video newswire service CNN Newsource), and several regional and foreign-language networks around the world. The channel's success made a bona-fide mogul of founder Ted Turner and set the stage for conglomerate Time Warner 's (later WarnerMedia which merged with Discovery Inc. forming Warner Bros. Discovery ) eventual acquisition of the Turner Broadcasting System in 1996. CNN's current weekday schedule consists mostly of rolling news programming during daytime hours, followed by in-depth news and information programs with

11000-433: The weekend editions of CNN This Morning , hosted by Amara Walker and Victor Blackwell . On Saturdays, First of All with Victor Blackwell airs at 8 a.m. ET, followed by Smerconish with Michael Smerconish at 9 a.m. ET, The Chris Wallace Show at 10 a.m. ET and The Amanpour Hour with Christine Amanpour at 11 a.m. ET. The Sunday morning lineup consists primarily of political talk shows , starting with State of

11110-419: Was announced that Chris Licht —known for his work at MSNBC and CBS—would be the next president of CNN; he was planned to be instated after the spin off and merger of WarnerMedia into Discovery Inc. Licht started his tenure in May 2022, and his tenure ended in June 2023. In August 2023, it announced Mark Thompson , formerly of The New York Times , as its next CEO. In one of his first major moves, he kept

11220-490: Was asked to resign by Jason Kilar , the chief executive of CNN's owner WarnerMedia, after Zucker's relationship with one of his lieutenants was discovered during the investigation into former CNN primetime host Chris Cuomo 's efforts to control potentially damaging reporting regarding his brother Andrew Cuomo , governor of New York. Kilar announced that the interim co-heads would be executive vice presidents Michael Bass, Amy Entelis , and Ken Jautz . On February 26, 2022, it

11330-483: Was available to users of PCs running Microsoft Windows . There was also a browser-based "web client" that did not require installation. The service was discontinued in July 2007, and was replaced with a free streaming service. On April 18, 2008, CNN.com was targeted by Chinese hackers in retaliation for the channel's coverage on the 2008 Tibetan unrest . CNN reported that they took preventive measures after news broke of

11440-475: Was cutting one hundred jobs, or about 3% of its total workforce. The company also announced that it was consolidating three newsrooms into one, namely, its U.S. news gathering, international news gathering and digital news gathering operations. CNN's global workforce, in July 2024, included roughly 3,500 people. CNN launched its website, CNN.com (initially known as CNN Interactive ), on August 30, 1995. The site attracted growing interest over its first decade and

11550-406: Was intended to shift CNN away from a reliance on pundit -oriented programs, and attract younger demographics to the network. Zucker stated that the 9:00 p.m. hour could be pre-empted during major news events for expanded coverage. These changes coincided with the introduction of a new imaging campaign for the network, featuring the slogan "Go there". In May 2014, CNN premiered The Sixties ,

11660-403: Was needed. In 2003 the FCC set out to re-evaluate its media ownership rules specified in the Telecommunications Act of 1996. On June 2, 2003, FCC , in a 3-2 vote under Chairman Michael Powell , approved new media ownership laws that removed many of the restrictions previously imposed to limit ownership of media within a local area. The changes were not, as is customarily done, made available to

11770-421: Was partly filed as a reaction to Sinclair Broadcast Group 's proposed acquisition of Tribune Media (announced on May 8), which – with the more than 230 stations that the combined company would have, depending on any divestitures in certain markets where both groups own stations – would expand the group's national reach to 78% of all U.S. households with at least one television set with the discount. On June 1, 2017,

11880-401: Was reinstated in a 2-1 vote, led by Pai and commissioner Michael O'Rielly . The move, along with a plan to evaluate increasing the national ownership cap, is expected to trigger a wider wave of consolidation in broadcast television. A challenge to the rule's restoration was filed on May 15 by The Institute for Public Representation (a coalition of public interest groups comprising Free Press ,

11990-449: Was that the FCC must conduct a biennial review of its media ownership rules "and shall determine whether any of such rules are necessary in the public interest as the result of competition." The Commission was ordered to "repeal or modify any regulation it determines to be no longer in the public interest." The legislation, touted as a step that would foster competition, actually resulted in the subsequent mergers of several large companies,

12100-448: Was then argued that the FCC claimed, in 2003, that larger media groups produced better quality local content. Research by Philip Napoli and Michael Yan showed that larger media groups actually produced less local content. In a different study, they also showed that "ownership by one of the big four broadcast networks has been linked to a considerable decrease in the amount of televised local public affairs programming" The major reasoning

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