96-674: Pudukkottai Town is the administrative headquarters of Pudukkottai district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu . It is one of the oldest and Heritage city in India which contains a lot of histories. The city is also known as Thondaiman Pudukkottai. Pudukottai Municipal Corporation is located on the banks of the Vellar River . It has been ruled, at different times, by the Mutharaiyar dynasty , Cholas , Early Pandyas , Thondaimans , and
192-424: A Mir Yam . A Mir Yam led 30 admirals and each one of them had two ships. Tipu Sultan ordered that the ships have copper-bottoms , an idea that increased the longevity of the ships and was introduced to Tipu by Admiral Suffren . Due to their perpetual battle engagements, Haidar and Tipu required a disciplined standing army. Thus, Rajputs , Muslims and able tribal men were enrolled for full time service replacing
288-476: A princely state of British India under the political authority of Madras Presidency . The state had an area of 4663 Sq.miles and in 1901, a population of 380,000. The Rajas of Pudukkotai were entitled to a 17-gun salute. The last Thondaiman raja of Pudukkottai acceded to newly- independent India in 1948, and the state became a division of the Trichinopoly District of Madras State . The state
384-703: A coastline of 42 km. The district lies between 78° 25' and 79° 15' east longitude and between 9° 50' and 10° 40' of the north latitude. On 14 January 1975, Pudukkottai was organised as a separate district comprising the former Pudukkottai Division of Tiruchirappalli district with some additions from Thanjavur district. At present, this district is composed of three revenue divisions, namely, Pudukkottai, Aranthangi and Illupur and eleven taluks, namely, Kulathur, Illuppur, Alangudi , Pudukkottai, Gandarvakottai, Thirumayam , Aranthangi , Ponnamaravathi, Karambakudi, Avudaiyarkoil and Manamelkudi. There are 762 revenue villages. According to 2011 census , Pudukkottai district had
480-590: A large army. Tipu greatly expanded the use of rockets after Hyder's death, deploying as many as 5,000 rocketeers at a time. The rockets deployed by Tipu during the Battle of Pollilur were much more advanced than those the British East India Company had previously seen, chiefly because of the use of iron tubes for holding the propellant; this enabled higher thrust and longer range for the missiles (up to 2 km range). British accounts describe
576-492: A lengthy siege . The 1792 campaign was a failure for Tipu. The allied army was well-supplied, and Tipu was unable to prevent the junction of forces from Bangalore and Bombay before Srirangapatna. After about two weeks of siege , Tipu opened negotiations for terms of surrender. In the ensuing treaty , he was forced to cede half his territories to the allies, and deliver two of his sons as hostages until he paid in full three crores and thirty lakhs rupees fixed as war indemnity to
672-403: A population of 1,618,345 with a sex-ratio of 1,015 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. 19.55% of the population lived in urban areas. A total of 179,688 were under the age of six, constituting 91,696 males and 87,992 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 17.60% and 0.08% of the population, respectively. The average literacy of the district
768-481: A semi-arid climate with high temperatures throughout the year and relatively low rainfall. Pudukkottai has a plain terrain with a few rocky hills in the outskirts. Urugumalai, Athimalai, Chennaimalai are the hills that surround the city. The rivers that flow in Pudukkottai are Amaravathy, Noyal, Bhavani, and Kaveri. There are no notable mineral resources available in and around the district. Red loam and red sand are
864-594: A short neck, square shoulders, and was rather corpulent: his limbs were small, particularly his feet and hands; he had large full eyes, small arched eyebrows, and an aquiline nose; his complexion was fair, and the general expression of his countenance, not void of dignity". In 1779, the British captured the French-controlled port of Mahé which Tipu had placed under his protection, providing some troops for its defence. In response, Hyder launched an invasion of
960-424: A total of 31 hospitals, municipal dispensary, private dispensaries and private general clinics and five clinical labs that take care of the health care needs of the citizens. As of 2011, the municipality maintained a total of 4,039 street lamps: 631 sodium lamps, 3,450 tube lights and one high mast beam lamp. The municipality operates one weekly market, two daily vegetable markets and one daily fish market that cater to
1056-769: A very important place. Then there was a direct clash between the Thondaimans of Pudukottai and the Nayaks, rulers of Tanjore. Thondaiman conquered the west of Thirukkattupalli. The next ruler, Raja Vijaya Reghunatha Raya Thondaiman, helped the Arcot Nawab against Hyder Ali , the ruler of Mysore. He was also loyal to the British Government. After some time, when Hyder Ali's army tried to enter Pudukkottai, Thondaiman's army defeated them and drove Hyder's army away. Thondaiman captured Kilanilai and Aranthangi. He helped
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#17327660615841152-639: Is Su. Thirunavukkarasar from the Indian National Congress . From 1951, the erstwhile Pudukottai parliament seat was held by the Indian National Congress for six times (during 1957, 1980, 1984, 1989, 1991 and 1999 elections), Dravid Munnetra Kazhagam three times (during the 1971, 1996 and 2004 elections) and once each by KMPP (during 1951 elections), CPI (during 1962 elections), CPM (during 1967 elections) and AIADMK (during 1998 elections). The current Member of Parliament from
1248-476: Is Dr.Muthuraja from DMK party. Pudukottai is a part of the Pudukkottai (Lok Sabha constituency) till the 2004 elections before delimitation in 2009 – it had the following six assembly constituencies – Peravurani , Pudukkottai , Alangudi and Arantangi state assembly constituencies. From the 2009 elections, the town is part of Tiruchirappalli constituency and the current Member of Parliament
1344-505: Is administered by a selection-grade municipality established in 1912 as per the Municipal Corporation Act. Pudukkottai covers an area of 21.25 km (8.20 sq mi) and had a population of 117,745 in 2011. Roadways are the major mode of transport to the city, while it has also got rail connectivity. The nearest airport is Tiruchirappalli International Airport , located at a distance of 45 km (28 miles) from
1440-408: Is an elected councillor for each of those wards. The functions of the municipality are devolved into six departments: general administration/personnel, Engineering, Revenue, Public Health, city planning and Information Technology (IT). All these departments are under the control of a Municipal Commissioner who is the executive head. The legislative powers are vested in a body of 42 members, one each from
1536-593: Is being cultivated in 36000 Ha. as rain fed crop and 8000 Ha. under irrigated condition. Millet , pulse , cotton , sugarcane , gingelly are the other crops cultivated in this district. As of 2011, there were 33 schools in Pudukkottai: nine primary schools, seven middle schools, and 17 high and higher secondary schools. There were three arts and science colleges, namely, H.H.The Rajah's College for men, Govt. Arts College for Women and Govt. College of Education. There were five industrial training institutes ITI in
1632-524: Is from Pudukkottai. Pudukkottai is called as city of cradle of archeology. Being the district headquarters, Pudukkottai has district administrative offices, besides government educational institutes, colleges, and schools. Pudukkottai is a part of the Pudukkottai constituency and elects its member to the legislative assembly every five years; and is a part of the Lok Sabha constituency comprising Ramanathapuram, Sivaganga, Tiruchirappalli and Karur. The city
1728-488: Is high in the center and lowers in peripheral areas such as Sivagandapuram, Ganesh Nagar, and the Tamil Nadu Housing Area. The density ranges from 200 to 300 persons per hectare in the central part of the town and 16 - 55 persons per hectare (PPH) in the peripheral areas with low-density Hindus form the majority of the urban population, followed by Muslims and Christians. Tamil is the main language spoken in
1824-673: Is maintained by the State Highways Department and national highways by the National Highways Department. There are two national highways namely the NH 336 Trichy - Ramanathapuram road and NH 36 Vikravandi - Manamadurai road that pass via Pudukkottai. There are two state highways that pass via the town - SH 26 Trichy - Mimisal road and SH 71 Musiri - Sethubavachatram road. The other major district roads connect Pudukkottai to other parts of
1920-434: Is predominantly an agricultural oriented district. Generally a dry and hot climate prevails in this district and this district's agricultural production depends mainly on the rainfall . The normal annual rainfall of the Pudukkottai district is 922.8 mm. Out of which 52.2 mm is received in winter, 124.6 mm is received in hot weather period, 351.9 mm is received during southwest Monsoon and 394.1 mm
2016-517: Is received in North-East Monsoon. Recently Tamil Nadu Agricultural University started Diploma college in agriculture at Kudimiyanmalai with a approximate strength of 50 students including girls. There are 5,451 irrigation tanks available in this district, of which 172 tanks were system tanks fed by Grand Anaikat Channel and the remaining are rain-fed tanks. There are about 47,583 wells in the district catering an area of 100,993 Ha. Paddy
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#17327660615842112-501: Is the Tiruchirapalli International Airport , located 45 km from the town. Sittannavaasal (Ancient drawings and Stone beds). Government Museum (This is the second largest museum of Tamil Nadu). Thirumayam Fort. Pudukulam (this is a large man-made tank supporting the water needs of Pudukottai town) Pudukottai palace - A sand casket with a mantra written by saint Sadasiva Brahmendra of
2208-543: Is the district headquarters. It is also known colloquially as Pudhugai. Pudukkottai district is bounded on the northeast and east by Thanjavur District , on the southeast by the Palk Strait , on the southwest by Ramanathapuram and Sivaganga districts, and on the west and northwest by Tiruchirapalli District . As of 2011, the district had a population of 1,618,345 with a sex-ratio of 1,015 females for every 1,000 males. The district has an area of 4,663 km with
2304-410: Is the major crop of this district. 90000 Ha. of the area is covered under paddy, out of which 135000 Ha. of the area is fed with Kaveri Mettur Project through the G.A. canal. The remaining area is well and tank fed. The present productivity level is 4.985 Mt. of Paddy /Ha. Other than Paddy, Groundnut is the major crop in this district which is mainly cultivated under rainfed conditions. Groundnut
2400-517: Is the predominant language, spoken by 99.23% of the population. Tipu Sultan Tipu Sultan ( Sultan Fateh Ali Sahab Tipu ; 1 December 1751 – 4 May 1799), commonly referred to as Sher-e-Mysore or "Tiger of Mysore", was a ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore based in South India . He was a pioneer of rocket artillery . He expanded the iron-cased Mysorean rockets and commissioned
2496-415: Is the second most popular religion in the city of Pudukkottai with approximately 15.14% following it. In Pudukkottai city, Christianity is followed by 4.89%, Jainism by 0.00%, Sikhism by 0.02%, and Buddhism by 0.02%. Around 0.04% stated 'Other Religion', approximately 0.50% stated 'No Particular Religion'. The Thondaiman king, Vijaya Raghunatha rebuilt the town based on the principles of town planning so that
2592-497: The British . It is situated about 372 kilometres (231 mi) southwest of the state capital Chennai ,50 kilometres (31 mi) southeast of Tiruchirappalli , 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Thanjavur ,108 kilometres (67 mi) northeast of Madurai ,116 kilometres (72 mi) East of Dindigul and 78 kilometres (48 mi) Northeast of Sivaganga . Tamil Nadu's first woman Asian Games competitor, Santhi Soundarajan ,
2688-538: The Channapatna toys can be traced to patronage from Tipu Sultan, the historic ruler of Mysore , though these toys existed before this period historically given as gifts as part of Dusshera celebrations. It is known that he was an ardent admirer of arts, and in particular of woodwork. Tipu Sultan was considered as pioneer of road construction, especially in Malabar, as part of his campaigns, he connected most of
2784-555: The Congreve rocket , which was soon put into use in the Napoleonic Wars . In 1786 Tipu Sultan, again following the lead of his father, decided to build a navy consisting of 20 battleships of 72 cannons and 20 frigates of 65 cannons. In the year 1790 he appointed Kamaluddin as his Mir Bahar and established massive dockyards at Jamalabad and Majidabad. Tipu Sultan's board of admiralty consisted of 11 commanders in service of
2880-655: The Fall of Seringapatam in 1799, the blind emperor did remorse for Tipu, but maintained his confidence in the Nizam of Hyderabad , who had now made peace with the British. After facing substantial threats from the Marathas , Tipu Sultan began to correspond with Zaman Shah Durrani , the ruler of the Afghan Durrani Empire , so they could defeat the British and Marathas. Initially, Zaman Shah agreed to help Tipu, but
2976-581: The French Directory that "as soon as he had conquered Egypt, he will establish relations with the Indian princes and, together with them, attack the English in their possessions." According to a 13 February 1798 report by Talleyrand : "Having occupied and fortified Egypt, we shall send a force of 15,000 men from Suez to India, to join the forces of Tipu-Sahib and drive away the English." Napoleon
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3072-540: The Kaveri river, as attested by an extant stone plaque bearing his name, but was unable to begin the construction. The dam was later built and opened in 1938. It is a major source of drinking water for the people of Mysore and Bangalore. The Mysore silk industry was first initiated during the reign of Tipu Sultan. He sent an expert to Bengal Subah to study silk cultivation and processing, after which Mysore began developing polyvoltine silk. The greater prominence of
3168-459: The Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad defeated Tipu. He was killed on 4 May 1799 while defending his stronghold of Seringapatam . Tipu also introduced administrative innovations during his rule, including a new coinage system and calendar, and a new land revenue system, which initiated the growth of the Mysore silk industry. He is known for his patronage to Channapatna toys . Tipu Sultan
3264-610: The Marathas , Sira , and rulers of Malabar , Kodagu , Bednore , Carnatic , and Travancore . Tipu became the ruler of Mysore upon his father's death from cancer in 1782 during the Second Anglo-Mysore War . He negotiated with the British in 1784 with the Treaty of Mangalore which ended the war in status quo ante bellum . Tipu's conflicts with his neighbours included the Maratha–Mysore War , which ended with
3360-716: The Zand dynasty in Persia . Tipu Sultan also maintained correspondence with Hamad bin Said , the ruler of the Sultanate of Oman . Tipu's and Mysore's tryst with silk began in the early 1780s when he received an ambassador from the Qing dynasty-ruled China at his court. The ambassador presented him with a silk cloth. Tipu was said to be enchanted by the item to such an extent that he resolved to introduce its production in his kingdom. He sent
3456-450: The 18th century is preserved. A grand palace in Pudukkottai. The SIPCOT Industrial Complex is located on Tiruchirappalli - Rameswaram National Highways ( NH 210 ). This Industrial complex is well connected by Road, Rail, and Air. It was established in 1980. The allotment of land commenced in 1982 to accommodate Engineering and General Industries. The total extent of complex area is 421.10 acres (1.7041 km). Pudukkottai district
3552-716: The 42 wards. The legislative body is headed by an elected chairperson assisted by a deputy chairperson. Pudukkottai is a part of the Pudukottai and it elects a member to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly once every five years. From the 1977 elections, All India Anna Dravid Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) won the assembly seat three times (in 2001 and 2006 elections), four times by Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK, 1989, 1996, 2016 and 2021), four times by Indian National Congress (INC) (1977, 1984 and 1991 elections). The current MLA of Pudukottai constituency
3648-536: The Asian Athletic championship, 2017. He is the first person from India to win two gold medals in the Asian Athletic championship. He also took part in world championships in London, 2017, and finished the 5,000 meters heat with a personal best of 13:35.69 minutes. Pudukkottai district Pudukkottai District is one of the 38 districts of Tamil Nadu state in southern India . The city of Pudukkottai
3744-494: The British East India Company, approximately 4,000 Europeans and the rest Indians; while Tipu Sultan's forces numbered only around 30,000. The betrayal by Tipu Sultan's ministers in working with the British and weakening the walls to make an easy path for the British. The death of Tipu Sultan led British General Harris to exclaim "Now India is ours." When the British broke through the city walls, French military advisers told Tipu Sultan to escape via secret passages and to fight
3840-590: The British at Srirangapatna, were displayed in the Royal Artillery Museum in London. According to historian Dr Dulari Qureshi Tipu Sultan was a fierce warrior king and was so quick in his movement that it seemed to the enemy that he was fighting on many fronts at the same time. Tipu managed to subdue all the petty kingdoms in the south. He was also one of the few Indian rulers to have defeated British armies. Tipu Sultan's father had expanded on Mysore's use of rocketry , making critical innovations in
3936-524: The British for the campaign against him. He paid the amount in two instalments and got back his sons from Madras. In 1794, with the support of French Republican officers, Tipu allegedly helped found the Jacobin Club of Mysore for 'framing laws comfortable with the laws of the Republic'. He planted a Liberty Tree and declared himself Citizen Tipoo. In a 2005 paper, historian Jean Boutier argued that
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4032-509: The British government against Tipu Sultan . Pudukkotai finally came under formal British protection. This was arguably unavoidable since the Thondaimans were much menaced in that period by a resurgent Mysore, ruled by Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan. When Tipu Sultan sought to leverage the power of the French against his British adversaries, Pudukkotai, in common with its neighbors, such as Thanjavur and Travancore , found it expedient to ally with
4128-738: The British in the First Mysore War in 1766. He commanded a corps of cavalry in the invasion of Carnatic in 1767 at age 16. He also took part in the First Anglo-Maratha War of 1775–1779. Alexander Beatson , who published a volume on the Fourth Mysore War entitled View of the Origin and Conduct of the War with Tippoo Sultaun , described Tipu Sultan as follows: "His stature was about five feet eight inches; he had
4224-642: The British in the Indian theatre. Due to the Ottoman inability to organise a fleet in the Indian Ocean, Tipu Sultan's ambassadors returned home only with gifts from their Ottoman brothers. Nevertheless, Tipu Sultan's correspondence with the Ottoman Empire and particularly its new Sultan Selim III continued till his final battle in the year 1799. Like his father before him, Tipu Sultan maintained friendly relations with Mohammad Ali Khan , ruler of
4320-646: The British. Raja Rajagopala Thondaiman (1928–1948), the last and ninth in the line of Thondaiman rulers, was selected by the British Government and was crowned when he was six years old. After Indian independence in 1947, the Pudukkottai Princely State was amalgamated with the Indian Union on 3 April 1948 and became a division in Tiruchirappalli District. The long history of the Thondaimans' rule came to an end. Some of
4416-624: The Carnatic, with the aim of driving the British out of Madras . During this campaign in September 1780, Tipu Sultan was dispatched by Hyder Ali with 10,000 men and 18 guns to intercept Colonel William Baillie who was on his way to join Sir Hector Munro . In the Battle of Pollilur , Tipu defeated Baillie. Out of 360 Europeans, about 200 were captured alive, and the sepoys, who were about 3800 men, suffered very high casualties. Munro
4512-677: The Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad to oppose Tipu. In 1790 the company forces advanced, taking control of much of the Coimbatore district. Tipu counter-attacked, regaining much of the territory, although the British continued to hold Coimbatore itself. He then descended into the Carnatic, eventually reaching Pondicherry , where he attempted without success to draw the French into the conflict. In 1791 his opponents advanced on all fronts, with
4608-666: The Marathas ultimately reneged on the treaty and in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War the Marathas presented their support to the British East India Company which helped the British to take over Mysore in 1799. In 1766 when he was 15 years old Tipu accompanied his father on an invasion of Malabar. After the incident- Siege of Tellicherry in Thalassery in North Malabar , Hyder Ali started losing his territories in Malabar. Tipu came from Mysore to reinstate
4704-493: The Mughal emperor. He earned the title "Nasib-ud-Daula" with the heavy heart of those loyal to Shah Alam II. Tipu was a selfdeclared " Sultan " this fact drew towards him the hostility of Nizam Ali Khan , the Nizam of Hyderabad, who clearly expressed his hostility by dissuading the Mughal emperor and laying claims on Mysore. Disheartened, Tipu Sultan began to establish contacts with other Muslim rulers of that period. Tipu Sultan
4800-682: The Ottomans to contribute to the maintenance of the Islamic shrines in Mecca , Medina , Najaf and Karbala . However, the Ottomans were themselves in crisis and still recuperating from the devastating Austro-Ottoman War and a new conflict with the Russian Empire had begun, for which Ottoman Turkey needed British alliance to keep off the Russians, hence it could not risk being hostile to
4896-777: The Persian attack on Afghanistan's Western border diverted its forces, and hence no help could be provided to Tipu. In 1787, Tipu Sultan sent an embassy to the Ottoman capital Constantinople, to the Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid I requesting urgent assistance against the British East India Company . Tipu Sultan requested the Ottoman Sultan to send him troops and military experts. Furthermore, Tipu Sultan also requested permission from
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#17327660615844992-594: The Thondaiman rulers, while nominally feudatories of the Ramnad state, often pursued an independent foreign policy, a trend common in all parts of India at that time. After the death of Ragunatha Kilavan Setupati Ragunatha Thondaiman become ruler of Pudukottai. After becoming the ruler of Pudukottai, Thonddaiman fought against the Nayaks of Thanjavur in support of the Nayaks of Madurai and conquered Thirukkattupalli,
5088-420: The army in some places. Besides paying higher taxes they had to endure the additional responsibility of feeding the slaves and financing their marriages. This led to the weakening of the system of slavery in Mysore . The peak of Mysore's economic power was under Tipu Sultan in the late 18th century. Along with his father Hyder Ali, he embarked on an ambitious program of economic development, aiming to increase
5184-665: The authority over Malabar. After the Battle of the Nedumkotta (1789–90 ), due to the monsoon flood, the stiff resistance of the Travancore forces and news about the attack of British in Srirangapatnam he went back. In 1789, Tipu Sultan disputed the acquisition by Dharma Raja of Travancore of two Dutch-held fortresses in Cochin . In December 1789 he massed troops at Coimbatore , and on 28 December made an attack on
5280-507: The breach of his capital city with his sabre clenched in his hand. Horatio Nelson defeated François-Paul Brueys D'Aigalliers at the Battle of the Nile in Egypt in 1798. Three armies marched into Mysore in 1799—one from Bombay and two British, one of which included Arthur Wellesley. They besieged the capital Srirangapatna in the Fourth Mysore War . There were more than 60,000 soldiers of
5376-407: The cities by roads. Both Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan owed nominal allegiance to the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II ; both were described as Nabobs by the British East India Company in all existing treaties. But unlike the Nawab of Carnatic , they did not acknowledge the overlordship of the Nizam of Hyderabad . Immediately after his coronation as Badshah , Tipu Sultan sought the investiture of
5472-407: The city, but the use of English is relatively common; English is the medium of instruction in most educational institutions and offices in the service sector. Pudukkottai is the headquarters of the Pudukkottai district . The town was constituted as a third-grade municipality in 1912, promoted to first-grade during 1963 and selection-grade from 1998. The Pudukkottai municipality has 42 wards and there
5568-468: The city. It is one of the few towns and cities in List of AMRUT Smart cities in Tamil Nadu selected for AMRUT Schemes from central government and the developmental activities are taken care by government of Tamil Nadu . On 15 March 2024, the Government of Tamil Nadu announced that the town along with the surrounding merged panchayats will be upgraded from municipality to corporation status ( Tamil : மாநகராட்சி ). The princely state of Pudukottai
5664-416: The club's existence, and Tipu's involvement in it, was fabricated by the East India Company in order to justify British military intervention against Tipu. One of the motivations of Napoleon's invasion of Egypt was to establish a junction with India against the British. Bonaparte wished to establish a French presence in the Middle East, with the ultimate dream of linking with Tippoo Sahib. Napoleon assured
5760-438: The constituency is Su. Thirunavukkarasar from Indian National Congress . Law and order in the city are maintained by the Pudukottai subdivision of the Tamil Nadu Police headed by a Deputy Superintendent. There are four police stations in the town, with one of them being an all-women police station. There are special units like prohibition enforcement, district crime, social justice, and human rights, district crime records and
5856-429: The detachment prisoner. In December 1781 Tipu Sultan seized Chittur from the British. Tipu Sultan had gained sufficient military experience by the time Hyder Ali died on Friday, 6 December 1782. Some historians put Hyder Ali's death at 2 or 3 days later or before due to the Hijri date being 1 Muharram , 1197 as per some records in Persian (which can result in a difference of 1 to 3 days due to the Lunar Calendar). He became
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#17327660615845952-1120: The district. The Pudukkottai bus stand is a A-grade bus stand located in the centre of the town. The State Express Transport Corporation operates long-distance buses connecting the city to important cities like Chennai and Bengaluru . TNSTC Kumbakonam division operates frequent intercity and intrastate buses to cities like Kumbakonam , Tiruchchirapalli , Thanjavur , Madurai , Coimbatore , Aranthangi , Karaikudi , Devakottai , Sivagangai , Pattukkottai , Ponnamaravathi , Rameswaram , Kodaikanal , Dindigul , Theni , Tiruppur , Karur , Palani , Salem , Erode , Mettupalayam , Nagapattinam , Velankanni , Villupuram , Vellore , Tiruvannamalai , Nagercoil , Tiruchendur and Thoothukudi . KSRTC operates daily buses between Bengaluru and Pudukkottai. Pudukkottai railway station has daily express trains to and from Chennai , Rameswaram and weekly express trains to Coimbatore , Puducherry , Kanyakumari , Varanasi and Bhubaneshwar . The town has passenger train services to Trichy, Manamadurai, Rameswaram and Karaikudi. The nearest local and international airport
6048-436: The lines of Travancore, knowing that Travancore was (according to the Treaty of Mangalore ) an ally of the British East India Company . On account of the staunch resistance by the Travancore army, Tipu was unable to break through the Tranvancore lines and the Maharajah of Travancore appealed to the East India Company for help. In response, Lord Cornwallis mobilised company and British military forces, and formed alliances with
6144-453: The local militia called the Kandachar force of agricultural origin which existed in the Mysore army earlier. The removal of the Vokkaligas from the local militia which had taken part in wars for centuries and the imposition of higher taxes on them in place of their quit rent led indirectly to the implementation of Ryotwari system. Now the Ryots could not rely upon slaves for their agricultural activities since their slaves were enrolled in
6240-463: The main British force under Cornwallis taking Bangalore and threatening Srirangapatna. Tipu harassed the British supply and communication and embarked on a "scorched earth" policy of denying local resources to the British. In this last effort he was successful, as the lack of provisions forced Cornwallis to withdraw to Bangalore rather than attempt a siege of Srirangapatna. Following the withdrawal, Tipu sent forces to Coimbatore, which they retook after
6336-400: The main streets were laid intersecting at right angles with the palace at the center. Out of the total area, 80.85% of the land is marked developed and 19.15% of the city remains undeveloped. Residential areas makeup 60.1% of the town's total area while commercial enterprises and industrial units make up 4.43% and 1.47% respectively. The population density is not uniform throughout the town. It
6432-565: The major kings of the dynasty are Tondaiman (1686–1730), Vijaya Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman ,(1730–1769), Raya Raghunatha Tondaiman (1769 – Dec 1789), Vijaya Raghunatha Tondaiman (Dec 1789 – 1 February 1807), Vijaya Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman (1 February 1807 – June 1825), Raghunatha Tondaiman (June 1825 – 13 July 1839), Ramachandra Tondaiman (13 July 1839 – 15 April 1886), Marthanda Bhairava Tondaiman (15 April 1886 – 28 May 1928) and Rajagopala Tondaiman (28 October 1928 – 4 March 1948). Pudukkottai became
6528-470: The military manual Fathul Mujahidin . The economy of Mysore reached a zenith during his reign. He deployed rockets against advances of British forces and their allies during the Anglo-Mysore Wars , including the Battle of Pollilur and Siege of Srirangapatna . Tipu Sultan and his father Hyder Ali used their French-trained army in alliance with the French in their struggle with the British, and in Mysore's struggles with other surrounding powers: against
6624-496: The needs of the town and the rural areas around it. Schools and colleges include: There is a very famous sports club in Pudukottai called Kavinadu Sports Club. This club trains young talented athletes who are doing good in District, State, Country, and even World level sports. Two main long-distance runners that India has at the moment (2017) are Miss. Surya and Mr. Lakshmanan who have been trained in this club. Lakshmanan received gold medals for both 5,000 and 10,000 meters running in
6720-425: The period 2000–2001, a total of 7 million litres of water was supplied every day for households in the town. As per the municipal data for 2011, about 30-35 metric tonnes of solid waste were collected from Pudukkottai every day by door-to-door collection and subsequently the source segregation and dumping was carried out by the sanitary department of the Pudukkottai municipality. The coverage of solid waste management in
6816-447: The rainfall is received during the North-East monsoon in the months of October, November and December. The municipality covers an area of 21.25 km (21,250,000 m). According to 2011 census , Pudukkottai had a population of 117745 with a sex-ratio of 1,003 females for every 1,000 males. A total of 960 were under the age of six. The town enjoys a high literacy rate of 91.35% as of 2011 census. As of 2001, 20 slums were identified in
6912-693: The rest of the wars from other forts, but he refused. Tipu famously said "Better to live one day as a tiger than a thousand years as a sheep". Tipu Sultan was killed at the Hoally (Diddy) Gateway, which was located 300 yards (270 m) from the N.E. Angle of the Srirangapatna Fort. He was buried the next afternoon at the Gumaz , next to the grave of his father. Many members of the British East India Company believed that Nawab of Carnatic Umdat Ul-Umra secretly provided assistance to Tipu Sultan during
7008-461: The rockets themselves and the military logistics of their use. He deployed as many as 1,200 specialised troops in his army to operate rocket launchers. These men were skilled in operating the weapons and were trained to launch their rockets at an angle calculated from the diameter of the cylinder and the distance to the target. The rockets had twin side sharpened blades mounted on them, and when fired en masse , spun and wreaked significant damage against
7104-512: The ruler of Mysore on Sunday, 22 December 1782 (the inscriptions in some of Tipu's regalia show it as 20 Muharram , 1197 Hijri Sunday) in a simple coronation ceremony. He subsequently worked on to check the advances of the British by making alliances with the Marathas and the Mughals . The Second Mysore War came to an end with the 1784 Treaty of Mangalore . On 29 December 1782, Tipu Sultan crowned himself Badshah or Emperor of Mysore with
7200-594: The signing of the Treaty of Gajendragad . Tipu remained an enemy of the British East India Company . He initiated an attack on British-allied Travancore in 1789. In the Third Anglo-Mysore War , he was forced into the Treaty of Seringapatam , losing a number of previously conquered territories, including Malabar and Mangalore . In the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War , a combined force of British East India Company troops supported by
7296-470: The special branch that operate at the district level police division headed by a Superintendent of Police. The Pudukkottai municipality maintains 122.84 km (76.33 mi) of roads. The city has 4.16 km (2.58 mi) concrete roads, 9.78 km (6.08 mi) WBM roads, 6 km (3.7 mi) gravel roads, 2.5 km (1.6 mi) footpaths and 100.4 km (62.4 mi) bituminous road. A total of 19.908 km (12.370 mi) of state highways
7392-559: The territory captured by Hyder Ali to Maratha Empire . Tipu would elease Kalopant and return Adoni, Kittur, and Nargund to their previous rulers. Badami would be ceded to the Marathas and Tipu would also pay an annual tribute totaling 12 lakhs for an agreed period of 4 years to the Marathas. In return, Tipu Sultan would get all the region that he had captured during the war. This included Gajendragarh and Dharwar. The Marathas in return agreed to recognize his authority and to address Tipu sultan as "Nabob Tipu Sultan Futteh Ally Khan". However
7488-403: The title Nawab Tipu Sultan Bahadur at age 32, and struck coinage. The Maratha Empire under its new Peshwa Madhavrao I regained most of Indian subcontinent, twice defeating Tipu's father in 1764 and then in 1767. In 1767 Maratha Peshwa Madhavrao defeated both Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan and entered Srirangapatna, the capital of Mysore. Hyder Ali accepted the authority of Madhavrao who gave him
7584-580: The title of Nawab of Mysore. Subsequently, to escape the treaty, Tipu tried to take some Maratha forts in Southern India captured by in the previous war and also stopped the tribute to Marathas which was promised by Hyder Ali. This brought Tipu in direct conflict with the Marathas, leading to Maratha–Mysore War Conflicts between Mysore (under Tipu) and Marathas: Conflict ended with Treaty of Gajendragad in March 1787, as per which Tipu returned all
7680-437: The town and approximately 37,740 people resided in the slums. The population of the town decreased during the 1991–2001 period is attributed to the migration to other cities in search of employment and lesser job opportunities in the town. The city covers an area of 21.25 square kilometres (8.20 sq mi). As per the religious census of 2011, Hinduism is the majority religion in Pudukkottai city with 79.40% followers. Islam
7776-428: The town by the municipality had an efficiency of 100% as of 2001. There is no underground drainage system in the town and the sewerage system for disposal of sullage is through septic tanks, open drains and public conveniences. The municipality maintained a total of 191 km (119 mi) of storm water drains in 2011: 55 km (34 mi) pucca drains and 136 km (85 mi) open drains. As of 2011, there were
7872-755: The town, namely, DIET, Govt. Industrial Technical Institute, Advanced I.T.I., Central ITI, Little flower ITI and SriBrahathambal ITI. Electricity supply to Pudukkottai is regulated and distributed by the Tamil Nadu Electricity Board (TNEB). A Chief Distribution engineer is stationed at the regional headquarters. Water supply is provided by the Pudukkottai Municipality from the Cauvery river through Jeyapuram head water works located 86 km (53 mi) away and Ammaiyappatti water works located 9.06 km (5.63 mi). In
7968-633: The types of soil found in the town. Paddy , groundnuts , bananas and sugarcane are the major crops in the region. Pudukkottai experiences hot and dry weather throughout the year. The temperature ranges from a maximum of 39.7 °C (103.5 °F) to a minimum of 17.8 °C (64.0 °F). Like the rest of the state, April to June are the hottest months, and December to January are the coldest. Pudukkottai receives an average rainfall of 978.8 mm (38.54 in). The Southwest monsoon, starting in June and lasting up to August, brings scanty rainfall. A bulk of
8064-513: The use of the rockets during the third and fourth wars. During the climactic battle at Srirangapatna in 1799, British shells struck a magazine containing rockets, causing it to explode and send a towering cloud of black smoke with cascades of exploding white light rising up from the battlements. After Tipu's defeat in the fourth war the British captured a number of the Mysorean rockets. These became influential in British rocket development, inspiring
8160-508: The war and sought his deposition after 1799. These five men include Mir Sadiq, Purnaiya, two military commanders Saiyed Saheb and Qamaruddin, and Mir Nadim, commandant of the fort of Seringapatam. The episode of treachery as narrated by Hasan starts with the disobedience of Tipu's instructions. When he died there were jubilant celebrations in Britain, with authors, playwrights and painters creating works to celebrate it. The death of Tipu Sultan
8256-459: The wealth and revenue of Mysore. Under his reign, Mysore overtook Bengal Subah as India's dominant economic power , with highly productive agriculture and textile manufacturing . Mysore's average income was five times higher than subsistence level at the time. Tipu Sultan laid the foundation for the construction of the Kannambadi dam (present-day Krishna Raja Sagara or KRS dam) on
8352-458: Was Urdu . The French noted that "Their language is Moorish[Urdu] but they also speak Persian." Moors at the time was a European designation for Urdu: "I have a deep knowledge [ je possède à fond ] of the common tongue of India, called Moors by the English, and Ourdouzebain by the natives of the land." Tipu Sultan was instructed in military tactics by French officers in the employment of his father. At age 15, he accompanied his father against
8448-453: Was 68.62%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. The district had a total of 387,679 households. There were a total of 761,693 workers, comprising 192,462 cultivators, 234,344 main agricultural labourers, 10,170 in house hold industries, 203,272 other workers, 121,445 marginal workers, 16,808 marginal cultivators, 70,805 marginal agricultural labourers, 3,771 marginal workers in household industries and 30,061 other marginal workers. Tamil
8544-455: Was a military officer in service to the Kingdom of Mysore who had become the de facto ruler of Mysore in 1761 while his mother Fatima Fakhr-un-Nisa was the daughter of Mir Muin-ud-Din, the governor of the fort of Kadapa . Hyder Ali appointed able teachers to give Tipu an early education in subjects like Urdu , Persian, Arabic, Kannada , beary , Quran , Islamic jurisprudence , riding , shooting and fencing. Tipu Sultan's mother tongue
8640-580: Was born in Devanahalli , in present-day Bangalore Rural district , about 33 km (21 mi) north of Bangalore on 1 December 1751. He was named "Tipu Sultan" after the saint Tipu Mastan Aulia of Arcot . Being illiterate, Hyder was very particular in giving his eldest son a prince's education and a very early exposure to military and political affairs. At age of 17 onwards Tipu was given charge of diplomatic and military missions and supported his father Hyder in his wars. Tipu's father, Hyder Ali ,
8736-510: Was celebrated with declaration of public holiday in Britain. Tipu introduced a new calendar, new coinage, and seven new government departments, during his reign, and made military innovations in the use of rocketry. Dr APJ Abdul Kalam , the former President of India , in his Tipu Sultan Shaheed Memorial Lecture in Bangalore (30 November 1991), called Tipu Sultan the innovator of the world's first war rocket. Two of these rockets, captured by
8832-436: Was created by Ragunatha Kilavan Sethupati of Ramnad (1673–1708 A.D.) married Kathali Nachiar, the sister of Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman . He appointed his brother-in-law, Ragunatha Thondaiman, as chief of the district of Pudukottai. Raghunatha Thondaiman earlier had ruled Thirumayam . In appreciation of Ragunatha Thondaiman's services, Ragunatha Kilavan Setupati gave Pudukkottai as an honor for his services. In later centuries,
8928-505: Was moving south with a separate force to join Baillie, but on hearing the news of the defeat he retreated to Madras, abandoning his artillery in a water tank at Kanchipuram . Tipu Sultan defeated Colonel Braithwaite at Annagudi near Tanjore on 18 February 1782. Braithwaite's forces, consisting of 100 Europeans, 300 cavalry, 1400 sepoys and 10 field pieces, was the standard size of the colonial armies. Tipu Sultan seized all guns and took
9024-470: Was reorganized twice in the succeeding decade, taking its present form in 1956; it was renamed Tamil Nadu in 1968. On 14 January 1974, the present Pudukkottai District was formed from parts of Tiruchirappalli and Thanjavur districts. Pudukkottai is located at 10°23′N 78°49′E / 10.38°N 78.82°E / 10.38; 78.82 in the valley of the Vellar River. The city has
9120-489: Was the master of his own diplomacy with foreign nations, in his quest to rid India of the East India Company and to ensure the international strength of France . Like his father before him he fought battles on behalf of foreign nations which were not in the best interests of Shah Alam II. After Ghulam Qadir had Shah Alam II blinded on 10 August 1788, Tipu Sultan is believed to have broken into tears. After
9216-494: Was unsuccessful in this strategy, losing the Siege of Acre in 1799 and at the Battle of Abukir in 1801. Although I never supposed that he ( Napoleon ) possessed, allowing for some difference of education, the liberality of conduct and political views which were sometimes exhibited by old Hyder Ali , yet I did think he might have shown the same resolved and dogged spirit of resolution which induced Tipu Sahib to die manfully upon
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