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38-466: The Pueblo Mountains are a remote mountain range in the United States located mostly in southeastern Oregon and partially in northwestern Nevada . The highest point in the range is Pueblo Mountain . The dominant vegetation throughout is grasses and big sagebrush ; however, there are meadows with cottonwood , aspen , and willow groves along some stream drainages. Most of the range

76-492: A subgenus because A. barbata does not cluster with the remaining species previously assigned to that genus, without creating five further subgenera. Species include: Several species of Delphinium have been reassigned: Delphiniums can attract butterflies and other pollinators . Various delphiniums are cultivated as ornamental plants , for traditional and native plant gardens. The numerous hybrids and cultivars are primarily used as garden plants, providing height at

114-494: Is a genus of about 300 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae , native throughout the Northern Hemisphere and also on the high mountains of tropical Africa. The genus was erected by Carl Linnaeus . All members of the genus Delphinium are toxic to humans and livestock. The common name larkspur is shared between perennial Delphinium species and annual species of

152-509: Is a significant cause of cattle poisoning on rangelands in the western United States. Larkspur is more common in high-elevation areas, and many ranchers delay moving cattle onto such ranges until late summer when the toxicity of the plants is reduced. Death is through cardiotoxic and neuromuscular blocking effects, and can occur within a few hours of ingestion. All parts of the plant contain various diterpenoid alkaloids , typified by methyllycaconitine , and are very poisonous. The juice of

190-699: Is also used in displays and specialist competitions at flower and garden shows, such as the Chelsea Flower Show . The 'Pacific Giant' hybrids are a group with individual single-colour cultivar names, developed by Reinelt in the United States. They typically grow to 1.2–1.8 m (4–6 ft) tall on long stems, by 60–90 cm (2–3 ft) wide. They reportedly can tolerate deer. Millennium delphinium hybrids, bred by Dowdeswell's in New Zealand, are reportedly better in warmer climates than

228-538: Is at work while the mountains are being uplifted until the mountains are reduced to low hills and plains. The early Cenozoic uplift of the Rocky Mountains of Colorado provides an example. As the uplift was occurring some 10,000 feet (3,000 m) of mostly Mesozoic sedimentary strata were removed by erosion over the core of the mountain range and spread as sand and clays across the Great Plains to

266-492: Is no designated wilderness area in the Pueblo Mountains, traveling in the mountains can be very challenging. The Desert Trail runs through the mountains; however, it is not a developed hiking trail. The route is simply marked by rock cairns that serve as guideposts, allowing hikers to trek cross-country over the high-desert terrain from one marker to the next. The cairns were built as a cooperative venture between

304-798: Is public land administered by the Bureau of Land Management . There is very little human development in the Pueblo Mountains, and most visitors come for backpacking cross-country, camping , and hunting . The Pueblo Mountains in Harney County, Oregon , and Humboldt County, Nevada , are part of the Basin and Range Province of the Western United States , which is characterized by a series of parallel fault blocks forming long north–south-oriented mountain ranges separated by wide, high-desert valleys. The Steens-Pueblo block fault represents

342-443: Is sister to all other species of Delphinium sensu stricto (so excluding Staphisagria ). It should be placed in its own subgenus, but no proposal naming this subgenus has been made yet. The subgenera Delphinium (Delphinium) and Delphinium (Delphinastrum) are sister to the group consisting of the species of Consolida and Aconitella , which together make up the subgenus Delphinium (Consolida) . Aconitella cannot be retained as

380-760: The Andes of South America, extends through the North American Cordillera , the Aleutian Range , on through Kamchatka Peninsula , Japan , Taiwan , the Philippines , Papua New Guinea , to New Zealand . The Andes is 7,000 kilometres (4,350 mi) long and is often considered the world's longest mountain system. The Alpide belt stretches 15,000 km across southern Eurasia , from Java in Maritime Southeast Asia to

418-551: The Annamite Range . If the definition of a mountain range is stretched to include underwater mountains, then the Ocean Ridge forms the longest continuous mountain system on Earth, with a length of 65,000 kilometres (40,400 mi). The position of mountain ranges influences climate, such as rain or snow. When air masses move up and over mountains, the air cools, producing orographic precipitation (rain or snow). As

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456-804: The Iberian Peninsula in Western Europe , including the ranges of the Himalayas , Karakoram , Hindu Kush , Alborz , Caucasus , and the Alps . The Himalayas contain the highest mountains in the world, including Mount Everest , which is 8,848 metres (29,029 ft) high. Mountain ranges outside these two systems include the Arctic Cordillera , Appalachians , Great Dividing Range , East Siberians , Altais , Scandinavians , Qinling , Western Ghats , Vindhyas , Byrrangas , and

494-563: The Mithrim Montes and Doom Mons on Titan, and Tenzing Montes and Hillary Montes on Pluto. Some terrestrial planets other than Earth also exhibit rocky mountain ranges, such as Maxwell Montes on Venus taller than any on Earth and Tartarus Montes on Mars . Jupiter's moon Io has mountain ranges formed from tectonic processes including the Boösaule , Dorian, Hi'iaka and Euboea Montes . Delphinium Delphinium

532-457: The sagebrush steppe . Tall and robust species with many flowers, such as Delphinium occidentale , appear more often in forests. The leaves are deeply lobed with three to seven toothed, pointed lobes in a palmate shape . The main flowering stem is erect, and varies greatly in size between the species, from 10 centimetres in some alpine species, up to 2 m tall in the larger meadowland species. In June and July (Northern Hemisphere),

570-601: The Bureau of Land Management, the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department , and the Desert Trail Association (a private organization). The Desert Trail Association publishes a topographic map for hikers that gives directions for orienteering from cairn to cairn. Cattle and sheep grazing in the Pueblo Mountains began when the first ranches were established along the eastern edge of the mountains in

608-677: The Pacific hybrids. Flower colours in shades of red, orange, and pink have been hybridized from D. cardinale by Americans Reinelt and Samuelson. The following delphinium cultivars have received the Award of Garden Merit from the British Royal Horticultural Society : All parts of these plants are considered toxic to humans, especially the younger parts, causing severe digestive discomfort if ingested, and skin irritation. Larkspur, especially tall larkspur,

646-403: The Pueblo Mountains include larkspur , Indian paintbrush , cinquefoil , shooting star , columbines , monkey flower , asters , buttercups , low pussytoe , lupin , arrowleaf balsamroot , penstemon , agoseris , draba , mariposa lily , sego lilies , evening primrose , and iris . The wildlife in the Pueblo Mountains is adapted to the high-desert environment. Pronghorn are common in

684-484: The Pueblo Mountains is dominated by big sagebrush and desert grasses. Common grass species include Idaho fescue , bluebunch wheatgrass , cheatgrass , Thurber's needlegrass , mountain brome , Sandberg's bluegrass , and bottlebrush squirreltail . There are high mountain meadows around springs and narrow riparian greenways that follow the year-round streams. Some greenway areas have cottonwood , aspen , and willow groves. Meadow and high-desert wildflowers found in

722-442: The Pueblo Mountains is managed by the federal Bureau of Land Management . The entire mountain range is quite remote; as a result, there are few visitors. Hiking, camping, hunting, horseback riding, wildlife viewing, and photography are the most popular activities. There are also grazing allotments and mining claims in the mountains. The Pueblo Mountains are currently being evaluated for possible wind power sites. While there

760-472: The Van Horn Basin. Bird species native to the Pueblo Mountains include the sage grouse , canyon wren , rock wren , valley quail , and chukar . There are also larger birds like golden eagles , red-tailed hawks , turkey vultures , and ravens that ride the thermals above the mountains. There are also rare Whitehorse Basin cutthroat trout in both Van Horn Creek and Denio Creek. Most land in

798-627: The air descends on the leeward side, it warms again (following the adiabatic lapse rate ) and is drier, having been stripped of much of its moisture. Often, a rain shadow will affect the leeward side of a range. As a consequence, large mountain ranges, such as the Andes, compartmentalize continents into distinct climate regions . Mountain ranges are constantly subjected to erosional forces which work to tear them down. The basins adjacent to an eroding mountain range are then filled with sediments that are buried and turned into sedimentary rock . Erosion

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836-452: The area. Today, there are still valid mining claims in some parts of the Pueblo Mountains along with a few abandoned miners' cabins. Wind power is now being explored in the Pueblo Mountains. In 2006, the Bureau of Land Management approved a wind energy test at a 468-acre (1.89 km) site in the Pueblo Mountains. The test allowed a private wind energy company to install, operate, and maintain two meteorological poles. The test equipment on

874-579: The back of the summer border, in association with roses, lilies, and geraniums. Most delphinium hybrids and cultivars are derived from D. elatum . Hybridisation was developed in the 19th century, led by Victor Lemoine in France. Other hybrid crosses have included D. bruninianum , D. cardinale , D. cheilanthum , and D. formosum . Numerous cultivars have been selected as garden plants, and for cut flowers and floristry . They are available in shades of white, pink, purple, and blue. The blooming plant

912-485: The east. This mass of rock was removed as the range was actively undergoing uplift. The removal of such a mass from the core of the range most likely caused further uplift as the region adjusted isostatically in response to the removed weight. Rivers are traditionally believed to be the principal cause of mountain range erosion, by cutting into bedrock and transporting sediment. Computer simulation has shown that as mountain belts change from tectonically active to inactive,

950-760: The genus Consolida . Molecular data show that Consolida , as well as another segregate genus, Aconitella , are both embedded in Delphinium . The genus name Delphinium derives from the Ancient Greek word δελφίνιον ( delphínion ) which means " dolphin ", a name used in De Materia Medica for some kind of larkspur. Pedanius Dioscorides said the plant got its name because of its dolphin-shaped flowers. Species with short stems and few flowers such as Delphinium nuttallianum and Delphinium bicolor appear in habitats like prairies and

988-399: The mid-1860s. Today, the Bureau of Land Management oversees grazing allotments in the area. Cattle can be found grazing in some mountain meadows and on open rangeland during the spring and summer. Miners were among the first Europeans to explore the Pueblo Mountains. There are at least 18 locations where mining took place in the past. However, commercial mining has never been successful in

1026-837: The more recent basalt flows. These older rocks are exposed along the range's east-facing escarpment and may be related to some of the Triassic formations of the Blue Mountains to the north. These strata have diorite and granodiorite intrusions, probably formed in the Cretaceous Period . The southern part of the Pueblo Mountains has metamorphic rocks rich in quartz impregnated with gold , silver , and copper . The Pueblo Mountains cover an area of 356 square miles (920 km) (including surrounding low-lying terrain), running 30 miles (48 km) north to south and 22 miles (35 km) east to west. The highest peak in

1064-534: The northernmost extension of these structures. The Pueblo fault is not as massive as Steens Mountain ; however, it is tilted at a 45-degree angle, a much greater angle than the Steens fault. This accounts for the relatively high elevation of the range's main ridgeline, which averages 7,300 feet (2,200 m) above sea level along its crest. The mountains are composed of the same basalt that blankets much of southeastern Oregon. Much older metamorphic rocks lie under

1102-528: The open, sagebrush-covered basins, while mule deer like the cottonwood and willow groves. The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife released bighorn sheep in the Pueblo Mountains in 1976, 1980, and 1983. Today, they can be found on the steep slopes and high rim rocks. Jackrabbits , antelope ground squirrels , bushy-tailed woodrats , and coyotes are common throughout the range, as are small-footed myotis bats . Beavers can be found in 10 Cent Meadow and several mountain streams as well as riparian areas in

1140-483: The plant is topped with a raceme of many flowers , varying in colour from purple and blue, to red, yellow, or white. The flowers are bilaterally symmetrical and have many stamens . In most species, each flower consists of five petal-like sepals which grow together to form a hollow pocket with a spur at the end, which gives the plant its name, usually more or less dark blue. Within the sepals are four true petals , small, inconspicuous, and commonly coloured similarly to

1178-420: The poles monitors weather conditions in the area to determine if winds would be strong and steady enough for commercial development. In 2009, the Bureau of Land Management renewed the test permit for an additional three years. Mountain range Mountain ranges are usually segmented by highlands or mountain passes and valleys . Individual mountains within the same mountain range do not necessarily have

Pueblo Mountains - Misplaced Pages Continue

1216-514: The range is Pueblo Mountain, which is 8,632 feet (2,631 m) above sea level at its summit. It is located in Oregon, 8 miles (13 km) north of the Nevada state line. Just west of Pueblo Mountain is West Pueblo Ridge. The ridge is a westward-tilted escarpment that runs the length of the Pueblo Mountains. At 8,420 feet (2,570 m), the peak of West Pueblo Ridge is the second highest point in

1254-410: The range. The landscape is characterized by rugged ridges with steep escarpments deeply cut by seasonal drainages. The ridges are separated by high-desert basins. There are meadows around spring areas. Machine Meadow and 10 Cent Meadow are two of the largest meadows. The Pueblo Mountains have only a few streams that flow year-round. These include Van Horn Creek and Denio Creek. The vegetation in

1292-627: The rate of erosion drops because there are fewer abrasive particles in the water and fewer landslides. Mountains on other planets and natural satellites of the Solar System, including the Moon , are often isolated and formed mainly by processes such as impacts, though there are examples of mountain ranges (or "Montes") somewhat similar to those on Earth. Saturn 's moon Titan and Pluto , in particular, exhibit large mountain ranges in chains composed mainly of ices rather than rock. Examples include

1330-588: The same geologic structure or petrology . They may be a mix of different orogenic expressions and terranes , for example thrust sheets , uplifted blocks , fold mountains, and volcanic landforms resulting in a variety of rock types . Most geologically young mountain ranges on the Earth's land surface are associated with either the Pacific Ring of Fire or the Alpide belt . The Pacific Ring of Fire includes

1368-496: The sepals. The uppermost sepal is spurred, and encloses the nectar-secreting spurs of the two upper petals. The seeds are small and often shiny black. The plants flower from late spring to late summer, and are pollinated by butterflies and bumble bees . Despite the toxicity, Delphinium species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including the dot moth and small angle shades . Genetic analysis suggests that Delphinium sensu lato , as it

1406-425: The two large subgenera Aconitum (Aconitum) and Aconitum (Lycoctonum) are the sister group to Aconitum gymnandrum , Delphinium (Delphinium) , Delphinium (Delphinastrum) , Consolida and Aconitella . To make Aconitum monophyletic , A. gymnandrum has now been reassigned to a new monotypic genus, Gymnaconitum . Finally, Consolida and Aconitella are synonymized with Delphinium . D. arthriscifolium

1444-475: Was delineated before the 21st century, is polyphyletic . Nested within Delphinium s.l. are Aconitella , Consolida , and Aconitum . To make Delphinium monophyletic , several interventions were made. The new genus Staphisagria was erected containing Staphisagria macrosperma ( D. staphisagria ), S. requienii ( D. requini ) and S. picta ( D. pictum ), representing the sister group to all other Delphinieae. Further genetic analysis has shown that

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