81-684: Pueblo School District 60 ( D60 ), formerly Pueblo City Schools , is a school district serving Pueblo, Colorado . Its headquarters, the Administrative Services Center, are in Pueblo. It was formed on March 4, 1946, with the consolidation of Pueblo School District 1 and Pueblo School District 20 to form Pueblo School District 60. It was known as Pueblo City Schools from 2006 until it reverted to its original name in August 2019. Zoned: Magnet-only: The Orman-Adams Mansion , now
162-409: A Semi-arid climate ( Köppen BSk ), with four distinct seasons. Winter days are usually mild, but the high does not surpass freezing on an average 14.4 days per year, and lows fall to 0 °F (−18 °C) or below on 6.2 nights. Snowfall usually falls in light amounts, and rarely remains on the ground for long (typically, for one or two days). January is the snowiest month, and the seasonal average
243-466: A CIA operation at all". The ruling was based in part on the court's review of 733 pages of documentation provided by the CIA for use in an earlier lawsuit. Despite this, several former CIA agents have admitted to editing, printing and distributing copies of a fabricated Patria Potestad law that stated the revolutionary government was about to abolish parental rights. This, along with fake news about threats to
324-468: A capacity of 156 megawatts of power—enough to supply 31,000 homes. The project will be run by SunEdison , with a power purchase agreement signed by Xcel Energy . A number of scientific studies now list Pueblo as the state's primary locale for solar energy development and the premier setting for solar companies to locate, placing it ahead of regional rivals such as Boulder, Colorado and Taos, New Mexico. In February 2017, Pueblo City Council voted to commit
405-529: A century the CF&;I was the largest employer in the state of Colorado. The steel-market crash of 1982 led to the decline of the company. After several bankruptcies, the company was acquired by Oregon Steel Mills and changed its name to Rocky Mountain Steel Mills. The buyout, as well as the end of the union contract in 1997 led to a union strike over pension liabilities, as well as working conditions, wherein
486-634: A control sample of Cuban immigrants who had traveled with their families to the US at the same time as the Pedro Pan children. 102 adults who were involved in the Operation Pedro Pan exodus participated in this study. Within the survey, it was reported that no significant differences were found between the Pedro Pan group and the control group. However, the result of the study can be interpreted in many different ways. Since both groups were part of
567-476: A larger exile, they could have similar mindsets about their familial ties and feelings towards the earlier time period. The United States government may have had other than humanitarian motives for allowing Cuban migration. The emigration of Cuba's middle class undermined its economic situation through a "brain drain". Stories of abandoned Pedro Pans deepened Anti-Castro sentiment within the Americas, connecting
648-632: A particularly common hub – and the programs set up to care for them once they arrived. Both were led by Father Bryan O. Walsh of the Catholic Welfare Bureau . The operation was the largest exodus of minor refugees in the Western Hemisphere at the time. It operated covertly out of fear that it would be viewed as an anti-Castro political enterprise. Following the Cuban Revolution of 1959 , but more importantly after
729-424: A private residence, was used by the school district from 1952 until 1979; the district used it for office space. Pueblo, Colorado Pueblo ( / ˈ p w ɛ b l oʊ / PWEB -loh ) is a home rule municipality that is the county seat and the most populous municipality of Pueblo County , Colorado , United States. The city population was 111,876 at the 2020 United States Census , making Pueblo
810-515: A significant representation of skilled unionized workers. The constituents of these different classes looked on warily at the closures of private universities and schools in 1961 since these actions played into their fears that the government would take over the education of their children. By 1960, the Cuban government began reforming education strategies. School children were taught military drills, how to bear arms, and anti-American songs. By 1961,
891-572: Is 28.3 inches (72 cm); however, snow is uncommon in October, and in May or September, snow is exceedingly rare, with an average first and last date of measurable (≥0.1 in or 0.25 cm) snowfall being November 4 and April 9, respectively. Summers are hot and dry, with 90 °F (32 °C) or greater highs are on average seen 71.6 days per year, with 100 °F (38 °C) or greater on 12.0 days. Diurnal temperature ranges are large throughout
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#1732792978464972-801: Is Colorado State Hospital. The hospital is the preeminent mental health facility in the Rocky Mountain region. Established in 1879 as the Colorado State Insane Asylum, it was renamed as the Colorado State Hospital in 1917. In 1991, the name was changed to the Colorado Mental Health Institute at Pueblo (CMHIP). The Robert L. Hawkins High Security Forensic Institute opened in June 2009 and is a 200-bed, high-security facility. Pueblo
1053-641: Is home to Colorado State University Pueblo (CSU Pueblo), a regional comprehensive university. It is part of the Colorado State University System (CSU System), with about 4,500 students. On May 8, 2007, CSU Pueblo received approval from the Board of Governors of the Colorado State University System to bring back football as a member of the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference . The first game was played in
1134-636: Is included in Colorado's 3rd Congressional District in the U.S. House of Representatives, and is currently represented by Republican Lauren Boebert . Pueblo is also included in the 3rd District of the Colorado State Senate, currently represented by Democrat Nick Hinrichsen , and districts 46 and 62 of the Colorado State House, currently represented by Democrats Tisha Mauro and Matthew Martinez . The Pueblo Police Department
1215-557: Is led by Chief Chris Noeller Per capita, the crime rate in Pueblo is higher than the national average for a city of the same size and does not take into account the surrounding unincorporated cumulative population of 176,529. In 2016, the FBI's Uniform Crime Report listed Pueblo's major reported crimes stats as: 1,081 violent crime, murders 9, rape 171, robbery 224, aggravated assault 677, property crimes (all) 7,473, burglary 1,797, larceny 4,505, motor vehicle theft (all) 1,171, arson 49. Pueblo
1296-490: Is located in Miami, Florida and was founded in 2004. The Cuban, working directly with Operation Pedro Pan Group, Inc. (OPPG), expanded on OPPG's 2015 exhibit by adding documents, objects, and images loaned by
1377-576: Is the hometown of four Medal of Honor recipients (tied only with Holland, Michigan , also with four, each having more than any other municipality in the United States): William J. Crawford , Carl L. Sitter , Raymond G. Murphy , and Drew D. Dix . President Dwight D. Eisenhower , upon presenting Raymond G. "Jerry" Murphy with his medal in 1953, commented, "What is it... something in the water out there in Pueblo? All you guys turn out to be heroes!" In 1993, Pueblo City Council adopted
1458-938: The Central Wildcats and the Centennial Bulldogs in what is touted as the oldest football rivalry west of the Mississippi River. In 2008, Professional Bull Riders (PBR) moved its corporate headquarters to Pueblo. This became the site of their world headquarters based at the Historic Arkansas Riverwalk located bordering the Union Avenue Historic Commercial District . In 2014, the Colorado State University Pueblo ThunderWolves won
1539-938: The Florida City Camp that was one of the main offloading sites for children. The film was produced by the United States Information Agency . Narrated by Carlos Montalbán , the short film explains to young Cuban children how and why they are in the United States. The narrator explains that camps such as the Florida City Camp is only a temporary place for the children to stay, as they are meant to find other opportunities through scholarships or be housed with foster parents. The American Museum of The Cuban Diaspora (shortened to The Cuban) hosted an installation recounting Operation Peter Pan for its 60th anniversary in 2021. The museum
1620-755: The Mexican–American War . Pueblo is 100 miles (160 km) south of Denver and is on the front range of the Rocky Mountains . Pueblo sits on the western edge of the Great Plains in a high desert area of terrain in southern Colorado and is near the western edge of the Southwestern Tablelands ecology region. According to the 2020 United States Census , the city had a total area of 35,893 acres (145.254 km ), including 448 acres (1.815 km ) of water. Pueblo has
1701-749: The NCAA Division II Football Championship , a first national title for the football program. In 2019, the Pueblo Bulls junior ice hockey team in the United States Premier Hockey League , began play out of the Pueblo Ice Arena. Pueblo is a state-chartered municipal corporation, previously governed by its city council without the office of mayor and administered by a city manager. In 2017 voters passed Question 2A changing
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#17327929784641782-904: The ninth most populous city in Colorado. Pueblo is the principal city of the Pueblo, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and a major city of the Front Range Urban Corridor . Pueblo is situated at the confluence of the Arkansas River and Fountain Creek , 112 miles (180 km) south of the Colorado State Capitol in Denver . The area is considered semi-arid desert land, with approximately 12 inches (304.80 mm) of precipitation annually. With its location in
1863-538: The " Banana Belt ", Pueblo tends to get less snow than the other major cities in Colorado. Pueblo is one of the largest steel-producing cities in the United States, for which reason Pueblo is referred to as the " Steel City ". The Historic Arkansas River Project (HARP) is a riverwalk in the Union Avenue Historic Commercial District , and shows the history of the devastating Pueblo Flood of 1921. James Beckwourth , George Simpson, and other trappers such as Mathew Kinkead and John Brown , claimed to have helped construct
1944-632: The American Chamber of Commerce in Havana, including Esso Standard Oil Company and Freeport Sulfur Company. The leaders of these companies moved to Miami while they analyzed the actions of Cuba's new government. Under the impression that Castro's rule would be brief, they agreed to aid the Cuban children by providing funding for Operation Peter Pan. Through collaborations with Baker, these business leaders agreed to help secure donations from multiple US businesses and send them to Cuba. Because Castro
2025-463: The Catholic church and the general public, and opponents of the now openly communist regime who did not migrate during the first wave of the exodus began sending their children off to perceived safety. Having been involved in a similar program that gained young Hungarians entrance to the US following Soviet repression of the 1956 uprising, Father Bryan O. Walsh of the Catholic Welfare Bureau , with
2106-678: The City of Pueblo between March 9 and April 6, 1886. Bessemer joined Pueblo in 1894. The consolidated city became a major economic and social center of Colorado, and was home to important early Colorado families such as the Thatchers, the Ormans , and the Adams. By the early 1870s the city was being hailed as a beacon of development, with newspapers like the Chicago Tribune boasting of how
2187-490: The Cuban Children's Program one unlike any other. It only continued to grow and get more complex. In January 1961, the U.S. embassy of Cuba closed, but Operation Peter Pan persisted. Instead of visas, children received waivers in the form of simple letters signed by Walsh effectively gaining them entrance into the country. Airlines were instructed to accept these letters as official documents and, as an added incentive,
2268-526: The Cuban government was planning to remove children from their parents and send them to the Soviet Union . These claims lacked evidence, but denials fell on deaf ears. These rumors, combined with the pre-existing worry instilled by the Spanish Civil War (during which children were evacuated to other countries ), made the patria potestad hoax impossible to contain. It had already reached
2349-555: The Cuban government would seize control of all private schools. As a result of the new social order, rumors began to swirl, originating from both inside the United States and other anti-Castro media. Various outlets, including the Miami Herald and Time Magazine , reported that Castro and his followers intended to terminate parental rights, assume custody of all Cuban children, prohibit religion and indoctrinate them into communism. The CIA-backed Radio Swan station asserted that
2430-576: The Freedom Flights began, nearly 90% of the minors still in its care were reunited with their parents. Remnants of the program would continue up until 1981. An estimate of 25,000 children were affected by the program. Nearing the end of this mass-exodus of children to the United States, Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy approved funding for a propaganda film designed to assist migrant children's understanding of why their parents had made this choice on their behalf. This film elaborates on
2511-522: The Mississippi River. Until a series of major floods culminated in the Great Flood of 1921, Pueblo was considered the 'Saddle-Making capital of the World'. Roughly one-third of Pueblo's downtown businesses were lost in this flood, along with a substantial number of buildings. Pueblo struggled with this significant loss, but has had a resurgence in growth. Historically, many people were influenced by
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2592-533: The U.S. government covered the cost of flights. From there, things continued to spiral. In September of that year, the State Department began allowing Cuban child refugees to apply for visa waivers on behalf of their parents. For many who could not otherwise afford it or did not already have other relatives in the United States, this became a fairly regular means of familial immigration. By late 1960, Castro had expropriated several companies that made up
2673-653: The United States and Cuba ceased in the aftermath of the Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962. Cuban immigrants were instead re-routed to Spain and other countries following the Cuban Missile Crisis, and Cuban immigrants would have to travel via Spain or Mexico to reach the United States until 1965. In December of 1965, the United States established a program of Freedom Flights ( los vuelos de la libertad ) to unite Cuban parents with their children. The Catholic Welfare Bureau reported that, once
2754-592: The United States as a Pedro Pan child in 1961, at the age of 13. In 1961, thirteen-year-old Ana Mendieta , who would become a well-known multimedia and performance artist, emigrated to the United States with her older sister. Some Pedro Pan children would involve themselves in the Abdala organization, an organization of Cuban-American students dedicated to protesting the Cuban government and promoting Cuban-American pride. Other Pedro Pan children would adopt leftist sympathies after becoming involved in social movements in
2835-558: The United States. In 1977, some Pedro Pan emigrants joined the Antonio Maceo Brigade that sympathized with the Cuban government and supported Cuban exiles' travel to Cuba. The brigade would make the first trip of Cuban exiles to Cuba. A study from Yale University investigated if the Pedro Pan population shows persistent differences in their physical and mental health, and attachment secondary to childhood separation from their family. These participants were compared against
2916-405: The age of 18 living with them, 44.5% were married couples living together, 15.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.2% were non-families. 30.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.03. In the city, 25.1% of the population was under
2997-458: The age of 18, 10.3% was from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 16.6% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.2 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 29,650, and the median income for a family was $ 35,620. Males had a median income of $ 29,702 versus $ 22,197 for females. The per capita income for
3078-505: The agencies that ultimately agreed to care for the refugee children. Thus, in November 1960, they appealed for federal funding, and, following the earlier recommendation from Voorhees, it was granted. Baker would arrange the children's transportation and facilitate visas, Walsh would arrange for accommodations in Miami. Underground organizations led by the involved parents helped spread information. Among those who helped alert parents about
3159-612: The area at the turn of the century and remain to the present time. The convergence of cultures led to a cosmopolitan character to the city that resulted in a number of ethnically rooted neighborhoods that are typically not seen west of the Mississippi. Respective cultural groups maintain cultural festivals to the present, with the city being home to locations of the Order Sons of Italy , American Slovenian Catholic Union , and I.O.O.F. , among others. Another major employer in Pueblo
3240-593: The basis of unsubstantiated rumors, that Fidel Castro and the Communist party were planning to terminate parental rights and place minors in alleged "communist indoctrination centers", commonly referred to as the Patria Potestad . No such actions by the Castro regime ever took place. The program consisted of two main components: the mass evacuation of Cuban children via airplane to the United States – Miami as
3321-406: The city charter to a strong-mayor form of city government known as "Mayor-Council Government". Only two other cities in the state of Colorado use the strong-mayor form of government, Denver and Colorado Springs. In 2018 an election was held for mayor for the first time in over sixty years, due to none of the sixteen candidates getting more than fifty percent of the vote, a runoff was required to decide
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3402-465: The city to 100% renewable energy ("Ready for 100%") by 2035, with the city's electric franchisee, Black Hills Energy , expected to ramp up its renewable energy portfolio from 29% to 65%. Pueblo County commissioners joined the renewable commitment in April 2018. For several years, Pueblo's Energy Future has been pushing the city to become a municipal electric provider . Among the claimed advantages for
3483-752: The city was $ 16,026. About 13.9% of families and 17.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.3% of those under age 18 and 9.1% of those age 65 or over. Pueblo is the home of the Federal Citizen Information Center , operated by the General Services Administration , and its Consumer Information Catalog. For over 30 years, public service announcements invited Americans to write for information at "Pueblo, Colorado, 81009". In recent times GSA has incorporated Pueblo into FCIC's toll-free telephone number . Vestas Wind Systems constructed
3564-413: The city. Shortly after, Tracy Voorhees – a veteran U.S. government official who was serving as the president's Personal Representative for Cuban Refugees – reported that, though the issue was not large in number, it had still been highly publicized and, therefore, the administration needed to be seen taking action. Up until that time, the Catholic church had been the largest provider of aid. But, towards
3645-490: The company paid them the back pay owed for the seven years they were on strike. In 2007, shortly after Oregon Steel made amends with the union and its workers, Evraz Group , one of Russia's biggest steel producers, agreed to buy the company for $ 2.3 billion. Of the many production and fabrication mills that once existed on the site, only the steel production (electric furnaces, used for scrap recycling), rail, rod, bar, and seamless tube mills are still in operation. The wire mill
3726-528: The country. An additional wave of Cubans left upon the failure of the Bay of Pigs Invasion and the subsequent announcement by Castro that he was a Marxist-Leninist . This proclamation of a new order acted as a catalyst to leave to those who had adopted a "wait and see" attitude to developments. This third wave of Cuban immigrants was predominantly middle class. This wave of Cuban immigrants included middle merchants and management, landlords, mid-level professionals and
3807-590: The employment that it offered, Pueblo in the early twentieth century attracted a large number of immigrant laborers. The groups represented led to Pueblo becoming the most ethnically and culturally diverse city in Colorado and the West. At one point, more than 40 languages were spoken in the steel mill and more than two-dozen foreign language newspapers were published in the city. Irish , Italian , German , Slovenian , Greek , Jewish , Lithuanian , Russian , Hungarian , Japanese , and African-American groups arrived in
3888-528: The end of 1960, President Eisenhower approved $ 1 million to help, with specific funds allocated to the creation of a Cuban emergency refugee center. To further their efforts, and ultimately further the smear campaign of Castro's Cuba, Voorhees recommended the administration further their involvement, this time taking specific interest in caring for the Cuban refugee children. Simultaneously, James Baker (headmaster of an American school in Havana) met with Walsh (who
3969-487: The fall of 2008 at the ThunderBowl, a stadium at CSU Pueblo for over 12,000 spectators. In 2014, the football team won the NCAA Division II Football Championship . Operation Pedro Pan Operation Peter Pan (or Operación Pedro Pan) was a clandestine exodus of over 14,000 unaccompanied Cuban minors ages 6 to 18 to the United States over a two-year span from 1960 to 1962. They were sent by parents who feared, on
4050-575: The funds in American currency because Castro had ruled that plane tickets could not be purchased with Cuban pesos . As the need for shelters grew as the children arrived in increasing numbers, several prominent locations were converted to house them, including Camp Matecumbe, the Opa-locka Airport Marine barracks. Special homes, authorized by state officials and operated by Cuban refugees, were formed in several hundred cities across
4131-509: The growing Civil rights movement and anti-war movement , adopted the traits of the growing youth counterculture, or rejected the ideology of their parents. Many would desire to return to Cuba. In the same way, some others found professional success, and went on to become notable people. One of such examples is Maximo Alvarez, founder of the fuel distribution chain Sunshine Gasoline Distribution inc., who emigrated to
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#17327929784644212-565: The help of the U.S. government, developed the Cuban Children's Program in late 1960. Key players included Tracy Voorhees , Eisenhower Administration , James Baker, Father Walsh, and in Cuba Polita Grau and her brother Ramón Grau Alsina. An October meeting brought the influx of Cuban refugees in Miami to the attention of the White House, with particular focus on what appeared to be a high number of unaccompanied minors wandering
4293-403: The historical committee of the organization. Many Pedro Pans had trouble assimilating into American society. Many were sent to the United States on the instruction of their parents and felt alienated both from their homeland and their new home. Some found the United States an unwelcoming place gripped by racial segregation. Those who felt uncomfortable in American society often participated in
4374-676: The largest (nearly 700,000 square feet) wind turbine tower manufacturing plant in the world at Pueblo's industrial park. It sold the facility to CS Wind in 2021. Renewable Energy Systems Americas broke ground on the Comanche Solar Project seven miles south of Pueblo in 2015. When complete, it will be the largest solar energy farm east of the Rocky Mountains, and its backers say the project will produce electricity more cheaply than natural gas . The project will cover 1,000 acres with 500,000 solar panels, providing
4455-645: The late summer, and the largest parade, the state fair parade, as well as an annual Chile & Frijoles Festival. Pueblo is the hometown of Dutch Clark , the first man from Colorado inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame as well as the Colorado Sports Hall of Fame . The primary football stadium belonging to Pueblo School District 60 is named for him. Two long-standing high school rivalries are played annually at this stadium. The Bell Game has been played annually since 1892 between
4536-478: The many things for children to do within their current situation, including but not limited to learning, playing, and attending religious ceremonies. However, this film is careful not mention the current events in Cuba. The film was directed by Cliff Solway , a Canadian director for CBC. Titled The Lost Apple , the (approximately) thirty-minute short film follows the life of Roberto and two other young children inside
4617-560: The minors were not made available for adoption. The Cuban Children's Program remained a secret until February 1962, when The Plain Dealer introduced its readers to the masses of unaccompanied Cuban minors who made their way across the country for three years unnoticed. On March 9 of the same year, the Miami Herald 's Gene Miller also ran a story about the event, in which he coined the term Operation Pedro Pan. The American portion of Operation Peter Pan ended when all air traffic between
4698-493: The move toward independence: lower cost to the consumer, increased reliability and the opportunity to move more aggressively toward renewable energy development. At one time, an August 2020 "divorce" seemed possible. According to Pueblo's 2023 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are: Pueblo is the home to Colorado's largest single event, the Colorado State Fair , held annually in
4779-418: The nation including Albuquerque, New Mexico ; Lincoln, Nebraska ; Wilmington, Delaware ; Fort Wayne, Indiana ; Jacksonville and Orlando, Florida . Many children were placed in foster care, some were placed in positive living environments and others endured emotional and physical neglect. Laws prevented any relocated children from being housed in reform schools or centers for juvenile delinquents. Further,
4860-428: The orphanages in Pueblo are no longer in service, the buildings still exist and have transformed with the times. According to the Rocky Mountain News , in 1988 the Sacred Heart Orphanage was bought by the Pueblo Housing Authority and turned into 40 small-family housing units. The main industry in Pueblo for most of its history was the Colorado Fuel and Iron (CF&I) Steel Mill on the south side of town. For nearly
4941-455: The orphanages of Pueblo, and the homes are now all historical sites. The three orphanages in Pueblo were known as Sacred Heart, Lincoln, and McClelland. Lincoln was the first historically black orphanage in Colorado, and one of only seven in the country. Sacred Heart was run by the Catholic Welfare Bureau, while McClelland was run by the Lutheran Church. Several children from Cuba were placed at Sacred Heart as part of " Operation Pedro Pan ". Though
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#17327929784645022-410: The plant's west boundary. Several of the administration buildings, including the main office building, dispensary, and tunnel gatehouse were purchased in 2003 by the Bessemer Historical Society . In 2006, they underwent renovation. In addition to housing the historic CF&I Archives, they also house the Steelworks Museum of Industry and Culture . Due to the growth of the CF&I steel mill and
5103-454: The plaza that became known as El Pueblo around 1842. According to accounts of residents who traded at the plaza (including that of George Simpson), the Fort Pueblo Massacre happened sometime between December 23 and 25, 1854, by a war party of Utes and Jicarilla Apaches under the leadership of Tierra Blanca, a Ute chief. They allegedly killed between fifteen and nineteen men, as well as captured two children and one woman. The trading post
5184-584: The population. As of the census of 2000, there were 102,121 people, 40,307 households, and 26,118 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,265.5 inhabitants per square mile (874.7/km ). There were 43,121 housing units at an average density of 956.6 units per square mile (369.3 units/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 56.21% White , 2.41% African American , 1.73% Native American , 0.67% Asian , 0.06% Pacific Islander , 15.20% from other races , and 3.71% from two or more races. Residents of Hispanic or Latino ancestry made up 44.13% of
5265-435: The population. 10.1% were of German , 8.1% Italian , 6.0% American, 5.5% English and 5.4% Irish ancestry according to Census 2000 . According to the 2005 Census estimates, the city had grown to an estimated population of 104,951 and had become the ninth most populous city in the state of Colorado and the 245th most populous city in the United States. There were 40,307 households, out of which 29.8% had children under
5346-639: The program were Penny Powers, Pancho and Bertha Finlay, Drs. Sergio and Serafina Giquel, Sara del Toro de Odio and Albertina O'Farril. To maintain confidentiality, the program's leaders in the U.S. minimized communications with their contacts in Cuba. By January 1961, 6,500 Cuban children were enrolled in Miami and Miami-adjacent schools. By September 1962, that number had jumped to 19,000. And while Pedro Pans are often depicted as babies, infants or elementary-school-aged children, most of them were actually teenaged boys. A lack of limitations placed on how many were admitted coupled with federally-funded foster care made
5427-466: The regime's October 1960 move to nationalize industries, the first wave of Cuban immigrants left for the United States. These upper and upper-middle classes were not tied to Batista's government (those left in the days following the overthrow of Batista) but had economic livelihoods incompatible with the regime's goals. Most, if not all, thought it to be a temporary departure, imagining a life where they would return to Cuba once another regime came to power in
5508-424: The region's lawless reputation was giving way to orderly agriculture with triumphalist rhetoric. One author crowed of Pueblo that "the necessity exists no longer for Sharp's rifles and revolvers. These have been [supplanted] by the plow and the mowing-machine." Pueblo's development stretched beyond agriculture. Steel emerged as a key industry very early, and in 1909 the city was considered the only steel town west of
5589-572: The rise of Communism and the separation of families. In 1978, El Grupo Areito and Casa de las Américas collaborated to publish "Contra viento y marea ", a book of anonymous testimonies detailing alienation from both the Cuban community from which they fled and the American community to which they came. A direct contrast to the previous happy-go-lucky stories of Operation Pedro Pan, these accounts told stories of loneliness, poor conditions and mental, physical and sexual abuse. An ongoing political controversy developed around charges that Operation Peter Pan
5670-475: The runoff, Graham defeated Gradisar and was sworn in as mayor on February 1, 2024. The deputy mayor is selected by the mayor and must be confirmed by a vote of the city council, the deputy mayor serves a term of one year. According to the city charter, the deputy mayor must be a city department head. The city council is elected by the residents of the city. There are seven council seats, four of which are elected by district, and three elected at-large. Pueblo
5751-417: The tagline "Home of Heroes" for the city due to the fact that Pueblo can claim more recipients of the Medal per capita than any other city in the United States. On July 1, 1993, the Congressional Record recognized Pueblo as the "Home of Heroes." A memorial to the recipients of the medal is at the Pueblo Convention Center. From 1846 to 1847 three detachments of the Mormon Battalion wintered in Pueblo during
5832-424: The union argued the new owners still needed to pay the pension liabilities provided by the previous owners. With the conclusion of the strike on December 30, 1997, CF&I had replaced several hundred union workers with local employees. In September 2004, both United Steelworkers locals 2102 and 3267 won the strike and the unfair labor practice charges. All of the striking steel workers returned to their jobs, and
5913-462: The winner. In January 2019 attorney Nicholas Gradisar faced former Pueblo City Council President Steve Nawrocki, Gradisar prevailed and was sworn in as mayor on the first of February for a term of five years, with all subsequent mayoral terms being four years and a maximum of two consecutive terms. Gradisar ran for re-election in 2023 and faced a runoff against Heather Graham in January 2024. In
5994-481: The year, averaging 32.5 °F (18.1 °C). Precipitation is generally low, with the winter months receiving very little. Sunshine is abundant throughout the year, with an annual total of nearly 3,470 hours, or 78% of the possible total. Pueblo is considered a high desert climate, and sits on the desert lands in southern Colorado between Pueblo and the Royal Gorge . The hottest temperature recorded in Pueblo
6075-600: Was 109 °F (42.8 °C) on July 13, 2003, while the coldest temperature recorded was −31 °F (−35.0 °C) on February 1, 1951. See or edit raw graph data . As of the 2010 census , the population of Pueblo was 106,544 ( 259th most populous U.S. city ), the population of the Pueblo Metropolitan Statistical Area was 159,063 ( 190th most populous MSA ), the population of the Pueblo–Cañon City, CO Combined Statistical Area
6156-574: Was 205,887, the population of the South Central Colorado Urban Area was 851,500, and the population of the Front Range Urban Corridor in Colorado was an estimated 4,166,855. In 2010, the racial makeup of the city was: 75.2% White, 2.5% Black or African American, 2.2% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.8% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, 4.1% two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents (of any race) were 49.8% and Non-Hispanic Whites were 45.2% of
6237-467: Was abandoned after the raid, but it became important again between 1858 and 1859 during the Colorado Gold Rush of 1859 . The current city of Pueblo represents the consolidation of four towns: Pueblo (incorporated 1870), South Pueblo (incorporated 1873), Central Pueblo (incorporated 1882), and Bessemer (incorporated 1886). Pueblo, South Pueblo, and Central Pueblo legally consolidated as
6318-529: Was already invested in helping already arrived child refugees settle into their new life) to detail his efforts helping parents send their children to Miami. Baker's original goal was to establish a boarding school in the United States for Cuban refugee children. However, both later agreed professional social welfare agencies would be better equipped for the job. The Catholic Welfare Bureau, the Children's Services Bureau and Jewish Family and Children's Services were
6399-511: Was not an effort of volunteers and charitable organization, but had been secretly funded by the U.S. government as a covert operation of the Central Intelligence Agency . Author Maria de los Angeles Torres filed a Freedom of Information Act suit to obtain government files on the program. In 1999, a ruling by the U.S. District Court for Northern Illinois determined that this "evacuation of Cuban children turned out not to be
6480-444: Was sold in the late 1990s to Davis Wire, which still produces products such as fence and nails under the CF&I brand name. The facility operated blast furnaces until 1982, when the steel market collapsed. The main blast furnace structures were torn down in 1989, but due to asbestos content, many of the adjacent stoves still remain. The stoves and foundations for some of the furnaces can be seen from Interstate 25, which runs parallel to
6561-491: Was supervising all major monetary transactions, the businessmen were very careful in how the funds were transferred. Some donations were sent to the Catholic Welfare Bureau and others were written out as checks to citizens living in Miami. These individuals then wrote checks out to the W. Henry Smith Travel Agency in Havana, which helped fund the children's flights to the United States. It was necessary to send
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