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27-554: (Redirected from Puelches ) Puelche or Puelches may refer to: Puelche people , an indigenous people of Argentina and Chile Puelche language , spoken by the Puelche people Puelche (wind) , a dry wind of Chile Puelches, La Pampa , a village in Argentina Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

54-524: A new army, accompanying Quiroga in their war against the Córdoba Unitarians. They were defeated by Paz in the Battle of Oncativo . Aldao was taken prisoner and taken to Córdoba. Several Unitarian leaders asked Paz for his death, but Paz kept him in prison while invading the provinces that retained federal governments, including Mendoza. There, Governor Corvalán and his brother Jose were killed by

81-584: A peace treaty with the governor, general Rudecindo Alvarado . But Moyano refused to accept the treaty and faced Aldao in the Battle of Pilar on 22 September 1829. At the start of the battle, the Unitarian officers executed Francisco Aldao, sent by the general to make peace. José Félix Aldao won the battle. After learning of the death of his brother, he ordered most of the captured officers shot. Among them died Francisco Narciso de Laprida , who had been president of

108-431: A pole for all to see. A few weeks later, Lamadrid took Mendoza, but an army led by Ángel Pacheco , in which Aldao participated only as head of a party of cavalry, defeated him in the Battle of Rodeo del Medio . The persecution that followed the battle, led by Aldao, caused hundreds of deaths among the defeated. This ended the civil war. The remainder of Aldao's government was particularly despotic. He declared "insane" all

135-494: A revolution led by Catholic priests deposed the San Juan governor Salvador María del Carril , who was carrying out a religious reform modeled on that of Bernardino Rivadavia . Del Carril fled to Mendoza for help, which was supplied as a small army under colonel José Aldao and his brothers Francisco and José Felix. They easily defeated the rebels, returning one of the most notable civilian Unitarian leaders to power. Aldao joined

162-503: A vanguard of 600 men under Mariano Acha , who took the city of San Juan. Aldao quickly joined Nazario Benavídez and returned to San Juan, but Acha was waiting on the edge of the desert and totally defeated him in the Battle of Angaco , the bloodiest battle of the civil wars. Aldao returned to Mendoza while Benavídez recovered San Juan in the Battle of La Chacarilla . Acha was taken prisoner and sent to Aldao, who avenged his defeat: he had him shot and his head cut off, placing it on top of

189-506: A warrior and his brutality became legendary. The largely fictionalized biography that Domingo Faustino Sarmiento wrote fed his legend. An effective ruler, he did much for his province, but was also one of the cruelest federalist leaders. José Félix Esquivel y Aldao was born in Mendoza, Argentina on October 11, 1785, the son of an army captain from what is now Santa Fe Province . His brothers José and Francisco were both soldiers who reached

216-501: The Battle of Quebracho Herrado . In response to a short lived revolution, he had himself elected Governor of the Province of Mendoza in early 1841 and invaded La Rioja with 2,700 men. Lavalle evaded him, but Colonel José María Flores , Aldao's second in command, defeated Mariano Acha in northern La Rioja. Aldao defeated La Rioja Governor Tomás Brizuela , who was killed by one of his own officers. Lamadrid attacked southward, sending

243-552: The Congress of Tucumán on the day that Argentina declared its independence in 1816. Moyano also was shot. After the victory, Aldao assumed full military and political power in his province and gave himself the rank of general. He used that power in a very violent form, including forced contributions, flogging and death sentences to the Unitarians. According to Sarmiento, he went as far as to castrate his adversaries. He organized

270-587: The Desert Campaign (1833–34) that Juan Manuel de Rosas , the former governor of Buenos Aires had arranged. Among the leaders who accompanied Aldao were two future governors of San Juan, Martín Yanzón and Nazario Benavídez . This column gained a partial victory over the Ranquel chief Yanquetruz in fierce fighting on 31 March and 1 April 1833 at Arroyo del Rosario, in today's La Pampa Province . The Argentines prevailed but suffered considerable losses in

297-617: The Andes. Aldao became the Federalist leader in the west of the country and imposed his authority over the governments of the neighboring provinces of San Juan and San Luis. After the death of Quiroga, Aldao adopted a posture of obsequiousness toward Rosas. By that time he was starting to show symptoms of madness, perhaps caused by syphilis or by a tumor on his forehead. In 1839 a new civil war began, but it did not affect Mendoza until Juan Lavalle invaded from La Rioja after his defeat in

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324-720: The Federalist Juan Bautista Bustos . The caudillo of La Rioja, Juan Facundo Quiroga , sought help to restore Bustos, and the Governor of Mendoza sent an army under the "friar" Aldao. They were defeated in the Battle of La Tablada , in which the Mendoza leader was wounded, while in San Luis he heard the news that the Unitarians led by Juan Agustín Moyano had overthrown the governor and arrested his brothers. He quickly returned to Mendoza, where he signed

351-566: The Indians among whom had sought refuge. After the capture of Paz, Lamadrid took him in his retreat to Tucumán, and then deported him to Tarija in Bolivia, shortly before his defeat at the Battle of La Ciudadela . In late 1832 Aldao returned to Mendoza, where he was given the post of commanding general of the province. He campaigned against native nations of the south - pehuenches and ranqueles - and in 1833 made another campaign, combined with

378-608: The Puelches Algarroberos of the northern parts of Neuquén and the Andean area collected the fruit of the Araucaria , and those of Cuyo, foraged the fruit of the carob tree . During hunting and war they showed their skill in handling bolts and arrows. They made their houses or tents with branches and skins and settled near rivers and estuaries. The bands were presided over by an elder who acted as Lonko or head of

405-525: The Sierra. He roused the indigenous people to withhold resources from the royalists, to support the patriot army and to undertake minor operations, with hundreds of small battles. The royalists resorted to terror in response, and Aldao also showed great cruelty. During that war he was promoted to lieutenant colonel. Aldao returned to the province of Mendoza in 1824 and dedicated himself to wine production. He would gradually become addicted to drink. In July 1825,

432-642: The Unitarians iliving in Mendoza in order to legally confiscate their property. In contrast, his administration promoted the development of the province, particularly in the south where he sponsored irrigation and the establishment of settlements in the desert. He suffered a terrible agony during his last year and a half of life. A small tumor formed in front of one eye, steadily growing despite efforts to excise or cauterize it. The medicine of that time had no way of dealing with cancer. Aldao delegated power to his minister Dr. Celedonio de la Cuesta in January 1845 and died

459-660: The advice of general Juan Gregorio de las Heras to general José de San Martín , he joined the army as a lieutenant of the Mounted Grenadiers Regiment . His strength, size and energy made him more suitable for an army uniform than for a cassock. He fought throughout the campaign in Chile in Chacabuco , Cancha Rayada and Maipú . In the Peruvian campaign Aldao was chosen to direct guerrilla operations in

486-468: The aftermath, when an outpost was overrun and almost all its occupants killed. The column reached the Colorado River and fixed that river as the southern boundary of the province. Their retreat was disastrous, with the troops stalked by thirst and hunger. Still, the south of the province was pacified and some Chilean farmers settled there who wintered their cattle in the valleys of the cordillera of

513-543: The coast of the Salado River , with the pretext of scorning Yanquetruz. Goico died during a fight with the Pincheiras Brothers , near Mendoza . Jos%C3%A9 F%C3%A9lix Aldao José Félix Esquivel y Aldao (11 October 1785 - 19 January 1845) was an Argentine Dominican friar and soldier who became a general and then the undisputed Federalist caudillo of Mendoza Province . His ability as

540-696: The family. The Puelches algarroberos (Puelches of the Algarroba ), also called Puelches de Cuyo were a people related to the huarpean Pehuenches , living in Mendoza and the northern parts of Neuquén , to the south, their neighbors were the Pehuenches, and to the north by the Huarpes. During the Campaign of the Desert , in 1833, a chief part of a Puelche Algarrobero subgroup, Vicente Goico , aided

567-770: The food and heated the water in bark containers with hot stones. They made canoes with larch boards, cooked and caulked, easily disassembled to be carried on their shoulders through the Andean passes, which allowed them to interact with the Huilliches but above all with the Chonos of southern Chile, very close to them. When the Spanish arrived, the Pehuenches and Puelches were hunter-gatherers . The populations were integrated around small bands that thrived off of hunting guanacos , rheas and Andean deer; as well as gathering fruits;

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594-637: The forces of José Félix Aldao . A Rankülche chief, Yanquetruz , had fought the Argentines since their combat in Acollaradas, there he won against the forces of Ruiz Huidobro while he attempted to surprise him at his settlement in Leubucó, southern Córdoba, where he made them retreat to Córdoba , Juan Manuel de Rosas proclaimed; "Yanquetruz and his son Pichún will be persecuted, and their heads will be delivered to me". Aldao, after hearing about

621-614: The provincial army as commander of the southern border, with bases in San Carlos and San Rafael . He gaining great prestige among the soldiers, the poor peasants and landowners. He achieved a major success against pehuenche tribes who inhabit the south of the province of Mendoza in October 1828. In 1829 civil war broke out, beginning in Buenos Aires and Córdoba provinces, where the Unitarian general José María Paz overthrew

648-519: The rank of Colonel. He was educated in a Dominican college and soon entered the order. He was ordained a priest in 1806, and gained a doctorate in Santiago de Chile . Upon returning to Mendoza, Aldao joined the Army of the Andes along with his brothers to campaign in Chile as chaplain of a regiment. In the Battle of Guardia Vieja he suddenly took up arms and fought beside the soldiers. Due to this, on

675-401: The results of the battle, decided to ambush the chief, with help of Puelche chief, who Aldao had adopted as his godson, Vicente Goico. After various military victories, Aldao had sent various chiefs fleeing south; one of them, Barbón, an elderly puelche chief subordinated to Yanquetruz; who was ordered to be killed by Aldao, then he was found, beheaded and spiked by Goico, his head being left in

702-694: The scientific names of two species of lizards, Liolaemus gununakuna and Liolaemus puelche , which are endemic to Argentina. Currently, there are efforts of revitalizing the language. The Puelches like the Pehuenches were hunters, fishermen and gatherers. They used bows, arrows and after the arrival of the Mapuche , spears. They were tall and stout and dressed in fur quillangos (cloaks) and turbans of rolled threads with nets that covered their heads and on which they attached feather ornaments. Their dwellings were built with branches and hides. They cooked

729-479: The title Puelche . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Puelche&oldid=1026109472 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Puelche people The Puelche are commemorated in

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