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44-851: Puget Sound is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) in northwest portion of Washington state encompassing Clallam , Island , Jefferson , King , Kitsap , Mason , Pierce , San Juan , Skagit , Snohomish , Thurston and Whatcom Counties. It is the only Washington AVA located west of the Cascade Mountains . Puget Sound (or the "Sound") is an inlet of the Pacific Ocean extending about 190 mi (306 km) south from Admiralty Inlet and Juan de Fuca Strait to Olympia . It contains 13,100 sq mi (8,384,000 acres) of land, 150 sq mi (388 km) of fresh water, and 2,500 sq mi (6,475 km) of saltwater. The viticultural area lies entirely within

88-439: A decreasing trend, in similarity with other "new breeds" of white varieties. In Belgium, it is authorised for all still wine AOCs  : Côtes de Sambre et Meuse , Hageland , Haspengouw , et Heuvelland . The vine is suited to colder climates as bud-burst is late and fruit ripening is very early however due to these traits bird depredation is serious and attack by wasps can be a problem. The vines are fruitful and vigor

132-630: A few of these "Island Belle" vines surviving and Hoodsport Winery has produced a wine from them with that name for decades. Bainbridge Island Vineyard and Winery was established in 1977 and its founder Gerard Bentryn is credited with being the first to establish the aromatic German Siegerrebe grapes in the United States. Bentryn authored the ATF petition to propose Puget Sound as the 4th AVA established in Washington State in 1995. Bentryn

176-544: A growing season of 150 days and an annual precipitation of 110 in (2,794 mm) (44 in (1,118 mm) from April to October). The northerly border of the viticultural area closely conforms to the temperature boundary of areas experiencing a mean high temperature in the warmest month (July) of 72 °F (22 °C) or greater. Cool air from the Pacific Ocean moves east through the Strait of Juan de Fuca during

220-551: A long, wide ocean inlet. The basin is cut by many rivers flowing into the Sound. Low rolling hills formed by the deposit and erosion of advancing and retreating glaciers are cut by ravines and stream channels. The dominating natural features are the sound itself and the surrounding mountains. The Olympic Mountains form the western boundary of the Puget Sound basin. These mountains intercept moist maritime Pacific air and account for

264-484: A particular area can possess distinctive characteristics. Consumers often seek out wines from specific AVAs, and certain wines of particular pedigrees can claim premium prices and loyal customers. If a wine is labeled with an AVA, at least 85% of the grapes that make up the wine must have been grown in the AVA, and the wine must be fully finished within the state where the AVA is located. The boundaries of AVAs are defined by

308-409: A state or county appellation, at least 75% of the grapes used to make the wine must have been grown within the boundary of the appellation, and the wine must be fully finished within the state in which the appellation is located. Some states have more stringent rules, such as California , which requires 100% of the grapes used to make the wine be from California and that the wine be fully finished within

352-459: A temperate climate that rarely suffers from prolonged freezing weather in the winter and quite often enjoys a long and warm summer growing season.” One of the earliest recorded plantings in the Puget Sound area was in 1872 by a Civil War veteran named Lambert Evans on Stretch Island , near modern-day Allyn-Grapeview . Evans planted apples and several varieties of “ Vitis labrusca ,” an eastern North American native grape species suitable in

396-465: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . American Viticultural Area An American Viticultural Area ( AVA ) is a designated wine grape -growing region in the United States , providing an official appellation for the mutual benefit of wineries and consumers. Winemakers frequently want their consumers to know about the geographic pedigree of their wines, as wines from

440-399: Is a significant temperature variation from north to south. According to the petitioner, this temperature variation is within a range that will allow the same types of grapes to be grown throughout the area. Rainfall in the Puget Sound viticultural area is substantially less than in surrounding areas. It ranges from 17 in (432 mm) annually in the north to 60 in (1,524 mm) in

484-553: Is almost entirely within hardiness zone 9a. The name "Puget Sound" was established in 1791 by Captain George Vancouver when he named, explored, and mapped the area while in service to the British Admiralty . His maps and those of subsequent explorers, settlers and government agencies show the Puget Sound area with the countryside drained by rivers flowing into Puget Sound. Numerous references exist indicating

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528-586: Is also credited being instrumental in bringing many of the cool climate varietals in common use today; he worked with Dr. Norton at Washington State University and had them imported from Saanich Farm Experimental Station in Canada, Geisenheim Grape Breeding Institute in Germany. The Puget Sound basin is a large lowland surrounding bodies of salt water called in government reports ‘‘Puget Sound’’ or “Puget Sound and Adjacent Waters.” These waters comprise Puget Sound,

572-488: Is low with grape bunches being large, red in colour and loosely packed. It has a susceptibility to chlorosis . Killing temperature of Siegerrebe is −14.4 °F (−25.8 °C). Siegerrebe easily reaches high must weights and is noted as the record holder for highest must weight recorded in Germany. During the 1971 harvest in the Rheinpfalz , a parcel of Trockenbeerenauslese Siegerrebe recorded 326 Oechsle , which

616-545: Is more than twice the minimum level of ripeness needed for a wine to qualify as Trockenbeerenauslese. Despite high must weights the wine tends to be very low in acid. The acid tends to drop rapidly in the grape as ripeness approaches.. The finished wine has an intense aroma reminiscent of Muscat and tends to be used in blending rather than a varietal wine, however the flavour is reminiscent of Gewürztraminer . Many Siegerrebe wines are high in extract and yellow-green to golden yellow in colour. Because Siegerrebe ripens early, it

660-593: Is most often less than 45 mi (72 km) wide. The AVA was established by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF), Treasury on October 4, 1995 after reviewing a petition submitted by Gerard and Jo Ann Bentryn of Bainbridge Island Vineyards & Winery in Bainbridge Island, Washington , proposing a new viticultural area within the State of Washington to be known as "Puget Sound." The region

704-486: Is not always the case. See map on the right showing the outline of the Paso Robles AVA , California's largest in total area, and the eleven distinct AVAs contained within it. In 2018, the second session of the 115th Congress recognized the contribution of American Viticultural Areas to the economy. The Blunt-Merkley Resolution passed unanimously. It noted that an AVA allows vintners to describe more accurately

748-862: Is suited to cool climate varieties such as Madeleine Angevine , Madeline Sylvaner , Müller-Thurgau and Siegerrebe with some clonal varieties of Pinot noir and Pinot gris , Chardonnay and Melon de Bourgogne growing well in warmer locations. Many new varieties showed promise during tests at the Washington State University Mount Vernon Agricultural Research Station in 2005. Those include Regent , St. Laurent , Zweigelt , Dornfelder and Garanoir . In 2019, several of these varieties were showing up in Puget Sound tasting rooms. 48°32′28″N 122°54′02″W  /  48.54097740°N 122.90054614°W  / 48.54097740; -122.90054614 This wine region article

792-581: Is the most significant soil factor relative to viticulture in the area. The petition stated that neither vinifera nor labrusca vines are native to the area; however, they are now grown throughout the basin. In 1872, Lambert Evans established a vineyard on Stretch Island in southern Puget Sound. He sold the fruit in Seattle. In the 1890’s a viticulturalist from the East Coast named Adam Eckert brought new grape varieties and planted more vineyards on

836-589: The Cole Ranch AVA in Mendocino County , California, at only 60 acres (24 ha). The Augusta AVA , which occupies the area around the town of Augusta, Missouri , was the first recognized AVA, gaining the status on June 20, 1980. There are currently 276 AVAs spread across 34 states, with over half (154) in California. An AVA may be located within one or more larger AVAs. For example,

880-660: The Santa Clara Valley AVA and Livermore Valley AVA are located within the boundaries of the San Francisco Bay AVA , which is itself located within the Central Coast AVA . In such cases, the wine may be labeled with any of the relevant AVAs, but winemakers generally label wines with the most specific AVA allowed for each wine. Smaller AVAs are often perceived to be associated with smaller production and higher quality wines, though this

924-718: The Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), a component of the United States Department of the Treasury . The TTB defines AVAs at the request of wineries and other petitioners . Prior to the TTB's creation in 2003, the Treasury’s Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF) received and handled petitions for viticultural areas, wine production and labeling. Section 4.25(e)(2) of the regulations (27 C.F.R. § 4.25(e)(2)) outlines

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968-524: The scale developed by Winkler and Amerine of the University of California, Davis range between 1300 at the northern border, to 2200 in the south. Typical readings are: Friday Harbor 1380, Blaine 1480, Sequim 1310, Port Townsend 1480, Mt. Vernon 1530, Coupeville 1360, Monroe 1820, Bothell 1520, Kent 1940, Seattle ( U of W ) 2160, Bremerton 1810, Vashon 1730, Grapeview 2010, Puyallup 1770, Tacoma 1940, and Olympia 2160. There

1012-531: The 1950’s to the present. The Washington State Department of Agriculture 1960 report entitled, “Washington Agriculture,” cited two small areas of grape cultivation outside of Yakima Valley; one of them being "in western Washington in Kitsap county. There along the shores of Puget Sound, grapes have grown satisfactorily for many years." The 1993 publication, "Touring the Washington Wine Country," by

1056-569: The Washington Wine Commission stated that, "Small vineyards flourish on Puget Sound’s islands." There are now over 100 acres (40 ha) of vineyards in the basin and 25 bonded wineries. Although the Puget Sound AVA contains over 100 wineries, most source grapes from vineyards in eastern Washington . As of 2021, there are about 20 wineries producing wines from Puget Sound grapes and are distinctly labeled . The AVA

1100-563: The boundaries, the rainfall ranges from 17 to 220 in (432–5,588 mm). Overall, the Puget Sound viticultural area can be characterized as having a growing season of over 180 days, annual degree day averages between 1300 and 2200, and annual rainfall of 60 inches or less. Rainfall ranges in the AVA is similar to many European grape growing areas and the Willamette Valley AVA in Oregon . Most of that rainfall occurs in

1144-402: The cooler summer areas to the north. Foothills to the south of the Puget Sound viticultural area are the limit of the area influenced by the moderating effect of the waters of the Sound. Both summer and winter temperatures are significantly cooler in the hills and mountains to the west, south, and east. The western, eastern and southern boundaries of the Puget Sound viticultural area closely follow

1188-510: The existing vineyards is above 600 ft (183 m) in elevation. The climate of Puget Sound is well differentiated from that of surrounding areas. The Olympic Mountains to the west and the Cascade Mountains to the east protect the region from the cool wet influence of the Pacific Ocean and the extreme summer and winter temperatures of eastern Washington. The Strait of Juan de Fuca and associated waterways separate Puget Sound from

1232-517: The general use of the name "Puget Sound" to refer to the area. The petitioners included copies of title pages of various publications, guide and tour book references, public telephone book listings, and Federal and State agency maps, to illustrate the use of the name. They also submitted an excerpt from, "Touring the Washington Wine Country," 1993, published by the Washington Wine Commission. This publication discusses grape growing in western Washington and states that, "the expansive Puget Sound basin offers

1276-513: The glaciation of the Puget Sound viticultural area was the development of a semi-permeable cemented subsoil at depths generally from one to ten feet. This subsoil was created by the pressure of one to three thousand feet of overlying ice. The subsoil acts as a storage vehicle for winter rains and allows deep rooted vines to survive the late-summer soil water deficit without irrigation. The surrounding areas which were not glaciated do not share this comparative advantage. The semi-permeable cemented subsoil

1320-707: The growing season limiting the reliable ripening of winegrapes in the areas west of the Elwha River and outside the line formed by the western boundaries of Clallam, San Juan, and Whatcom Counties and the northern boundary of Whatcom County. Examples of areas to the northwest of the viticultural area with mean high temperatures in the warmest month which are lower than 72 °F (22 °C) are: Forks, Washington , 71 °F (22 °C); Clallam Bay, Washington , 67 °F (19 °C); Victoria, British Columbia , 68 °F (20 °C); and Sidney, British Columbia , 67 °F (19 °C). Total degree days as measured by

1364-560: The island. The first bonded winery in Washington State was established there in 1933 by Charles Somers. Known as the St. Charles Winery, it reached a capacity of 100,000 gallons. Viticulture spread throughout the Puget Sound basin as evidenced by the annual reports of the Washington State Department of Agriculture . These primarily labrusca plantings were gradually supplanted in most of the basin by vinifera plantings from

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1408-434: The land basin surrounding the Sound. The Puget Sound viticultural area contains approximately 55% of the watershed's land area and water or 7,150 sq mi (4,576,000 acres) of land and 1,500 sq mi (3,885 km) of water for a total area of 8,650 sq mi (5,536,000 acres). It has a maximum length of 190 mi (306 km) from north to south and 60 mi (97 km) from east to west, although it

1452-422: The line formed by a growing season of 180 days and the 60 in (1,524 mm) of annual precipitation. All areas within the viticultural area below 600 ft (183 m) in elevation have a 180 day or longer growing season with 60 in (1,524 mm) or less of annual rainfall, and 15 in (381 mm) or less of rainfall in the months of April to October (inclusive). Areas outside of, but adjacent to,

1496-409: The origin of their wine, while helping vintners to build and enhance the reputation and value of the wines produced. AVAs also allow consumers to attribute a given quality, reputation, or other characteristic to a wine made from grapes grown in an AVA. AVAs also help consumers identify what they purchase. Siegerrebe In 2019, there were 71 hectares (180 acres) of Siegerrebe in Germany with

1540-429: The procedure for proposing an AVA and provides that any interested party may petition the TTB to establish a grape-growing region as an AVA. Section 9.12 of the TTB regulations (27 C.F.R. § 9.12) prescribes the standards for petitions for the establishment or modification of AVAs. Petitions to establish an AVA must include the following: Once a petition is accepted as complete, the TTB may choose to seek public input on

1584-415: The proposal and at its sole discretion may approve the proposed AVA. Before the AVA system, wine appellations of origin in the United States were designated based on state or county boundaries. All of these appellations were grandfathered into federal regulations and may appear on wine labels as designated places of origin in lieu of an AVA, such as Sonoma County . In order for a wine to be labeled with

1628-405: The relatively low annual precipitation. The Cascade Mountain range forms the eastern boundary of the Puget Sound basin. These mountains protect the basin from the extremely cold winters and hot summers of eastern Washington. Elevations in the basin are primarily between sea-level and 1,000 feet (305 m). Isolated hills of up to 4,000 feet (1,219 m) occur primarily in the northeast but none of

1672-400: The south. Typical amounts are: Friday Harbor 28", Blaine 34", Sequim 17", Port Townsend 18", Mt. Vernon 32", Coupeville 18", Monroe 47", Bothell 40", Kent 38", Seattle (U of W) 35", Bremerton 39", Vashon 47", Grapeview 53", Puyallup 41", Tacoma 37", and Olympia 52". Growing season rainfall ranges from 8 in (203 mm) inches in the north to 15 in (381 mm) in the south. Outside of

1716-466: The southeast is Paradise Ranger Station ( Mount Rainier National Park ), with a growing season of 50 days and an annual precipitation of 106 in (2,692 mm) (39 in (991 mm) April to October). To the east is Diablo Dam with a growing season of 170 days and an annual precipitation of 72 in (1,829 mm) (23 in (584 mm)from April to October). To the northeast is Heather Meadows Recreational Area (Mt. Baker National Forest) with

1760-665: The state. Washington requires 95% of the grapes in a Washington wine be grown in Washington, although notably the Columbia Valley AVA , Columbia Gorge AVA , and Walla Walla Valley AVA are shared with Oregon. AVAs vary widely in size, ranging from the Upper Mississippi River Valley AVA , at more than 19 million acres (29,900 square miles (77,000 km )) across four states ( Illinois , Iowa , Minnesota , and Wisconsin ), to

1804-520: The viticultural area to the west, south, and east have a growing season of generally less than 180 days, with more than 60 in (1,524 mm) of annual rainfall, and more than 15 in (381 mm) of rainfall in the months of April to October (inclusive). Examples of weather recording stations surrounding the Puget Sound region are as follows: To the west is Forks , with a growing season of 175 days and an annual precipitation of 118 in (2,997 mm) (38 in (965 mm) April to October). To

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1848-496: The viticultural area. The resultant soils are primarily silty to sandy topsoils with scattered small to moderate rounded stones. This is typical of post glacial soils in lowland areas. Areas outside the viticultural area to the west, south and east, were not covered by ice during the Vashon glaciation. Consequently, soils in surrounding areas have entirely different origins and genesis. The primary impact on viticultural conditions by

1892-408: The wet Puget Sound climate. In 1889, Aaron Eckert immigrated to Stretch Island from New York State and established a vineyard with grapes called “Island Belle.” This variety is currently known as Campbell Early , which combines vitis vinifera and vitis labrusca vines. Island Belle was widely planted as a table and juice grape until Prohibition when it became used for home winemaking. There are

1936-496: The winter time. Summers are mild, sunny and dry where irrigation is a necessity in some of the locations. Soils in the Puget Sound viticultural area are completely unlike those of the surrounding upland areas in that they are the result of the advance and withdrawal of the Vashon Glaciation . This most recent glaciation (10,000 years ago) coincided at its limits with the eastern, southern, and southwestern boundaries of

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