85-855: Pukekohe is a town in the Auckland Region of the North Island of New Zealand. Located at the southern edge of the Auckland Region, between the southern shore of the Manukau Harbour and the mouth of the Waikato River . The hills of Pukekohe and nearby Bombay Hills form the natural southern limit of the Auckland region. Pukekohe is located within the political boundaries of the Auckland Council , following
170-725: A Boy's Brigade company. Pukekohe also hosted the annual Franklin Caledonian Society's sports day in February 1945. In 1952, the Māori Women's Welfare League undertook a house-to-house survey of living conditions in Pukekohe, where Māori worked as agricultural works on the market gardens and lived in substandard shacks provided by their employers. The League submitted its report to the Auckland City Council ,
255-471: A 'savage' enemy." Belich wrote: "The capture of Rangiriri was not the result of assault or encirclement, but of the British misuse of a flag of truce. The Māoris might conceivably have eventually decided to surrender unconditionally anyway, but they might also have repelled further assaults and escaped across the lake." He said they may have also been gaining time waiting for reinforcements who were almost on
340-601: A bad omen. Nearly the entire Pukekohe area was abandoned apart from military outposts. Isolated attacks occurred as late as November 1863 after the Battle of Rangiriri . The New Zealand Government confiscated large tracts of land in the aftermath of the invasion in 1865, after which the town of Pukekohe was established, on the northern slopes of its namesake, Pukekohe Hill. In January 1865, the New Zealand Government's Executive Council designated Pukekohe as one of
425-627: A beautifying society had been established in Pukekohe. The growing presence of Chinese and Indian market growers in Pukekohe led to the creation of the White New Zealand League in December 1925. In 1932, 1,400 Pukekohe locals petitioned the New Zealand Parliament to repatriate local Chinese and Indians, who they claimed were taking jobs from Europeans and Māori. Parliament dismissed the petition in 1934 on
510-499: A chief of Ngāti Naho who was loyal to the government, was installed in a wooden redoubt constructed on a high point 500 metres (1,600 ft) east of the main earth redoubt at Rangigiri. Te Wheoro, who served as a magistrate in the Native Land Court—and about 30 of his men manned the wooden redoubt until 1868 to prevent any disruption by Kingites to the British supply line. Te Wheoro later resigned in disgust at corruption within
595-460: A detachment of 36 Royal Artillery, armed with revolvers and swords, to storm the central redoubt, resulting in more deaths, including Captain Mercer. A second wave, this time of Royal Navy men armed with rifle and cutlass, was also cut down, and further assaults were made with hand-grenades thrown into the redoubt by seamen. The further losses lifted Cameron's casualties to about 110. As night fell,
680-417: A plentiful supply in the morning. Edmund Bohan says that Māori would have been forced to surrender within a short time and the early surrender saved lives on both sides. Major C. Heaphy, VC said Māori raised the white flag "seeing a cask of powder being brought to blow them up". Belich's conclusion is that the capture of 183 Māori at Rangiriri was a clear act of duplicity on the part of the British — "both
765-916: A population of 1,656,486 in the 2023 New Zealand census , an increase of 84,768 people (5.4%) since the 2018 census , and an increase of 240,936 people (17.0%) since the 2013 census . There were 818,262 males, 832,188 females and 6,036 people of other genders in 544,083 dwellings. 3.5% of people identified as LGBTIQ+ . The median age was 35.9 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 318,843 people (19.2%) aged under 15 years, 346,938 (20.9%) aged 15 to 29, 770,949 (46.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 219,750 (13.3%) aged 65 or older. People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 49.8% European ( Pākehā ); 12.3% Māori ; 16.6% Pasifika ; 31.3% Asian ; 2.7% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 1.8% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English
850-518: A ridge 500 metres behind the main entrenchment and cutting off any escape. The British assault force assembled about 700 metres north of Rangiriri, with three Armstrong guns , including one six-pounder and a 12-pounder . The storming party was equipped with revolvers, Enfield rifles with fixed bayonets and hand grenades . Two gunboats , the Pioneer and the HMS Curacoa were positioned on
935-474: A ridge overlooking Ōmaha and Matakana . They refused pleas by the prison keeper to return to Kawau and were eventually permitted by the government to make their way back to the Waikato. Auckland newspapers at the time reported that it had cost the vast sum of £9000 to look after the escapees and therefore no effort should be made to bring them back. The British dead were mainly buried in a small graveyard in
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#17327825341111020-485: A scheme to build houses for Māori workers and their families. However, the project was aborted when the Pukekohe council object to Māori living within the town's boundaries. Between 1942 and 1944, Pukekohe hosted US Marines , US Army and US Navy personnel serving in the Pacific theatre of World War Two . During World War Two, the public mobilisation for the war effort led to the emergence of girls' marching clubs and
1105-666: Is a motorsports and horse-racing facility. Opened in 1963, this circuit is famous for having hosted the New Zealand Grand Prix 29 times between 1963 and 2000, as well as the V8 International (a round of the V8 Supercars championship) between 2001 and 2007. They returned in 2013–2019 after the series had a short-lived moved to a street race circuit in Hamilton for five years. The last and final race
1190-539: Is a clay target shooting club located just outside Pukekohe, offering recreational and competitive target shooting. Puni Mountain Bike Track, located at Puni Memorial Park, has roughly 6–7 km of single-track. Sunset Coast BMX and Puni Rugby Club are also located at Puni Memorial Park. From 2021 The New Zealand National Basketball League Franklin Bulls took to the court in Pukekohe. They play their home games at
1275-523: Is a secondary school (years 9–13) with a roll of 1852. The school opened in 1921 as Pukekohe Technical High School, and was renamed to Pukekohe High School in 1948. Pukekohe Intermediate School is an intermediate school (years 7–8) with a roll of 729. The school opened in 1966 Pukekohe East School, Pukekohe Hill School and Valley School are contributing primary schools (years 1–6) with rolls of 150, 560 and 491 students, respectively. Pukekohe East School opened in 1880. Pukekohe Maori School opened in 1952 and
1360-471: Is an interdenominational Christian composite school (years 1–13). It opened in 1996. St Joseph's is a Catholic contributing primary school (years 1–6) which opened in 1923. Parkside School is a special school with a roll of 160. It provides education for students with special needs up to the age of 21. Tamaoho School is a contributing primary school which opened in 2021. All these schools are coeducational. Rolls are as of August 2024. Pukekohe Park Raceway
1445-636: Is located in the Pukekohe area. It is the tribal meeting grounds of Ngāti Tamaoho and the Waikato Tainui hapū of Ngāi Tai and Ngāti Tamaoho . In 1953, the Nehru Hall was constructed in Pukekohe for the Indian committee, and was the first Indian community hall to be built in New Zealand. The hall was too small to host large-scale events such as Indian weddings, which instead were held at
1530-411: Is smaller than all the other regions and unitary authorities except Nelson . The region's coastline is 3,702 kilometres (2,300 mi) long. It has about 21,000 kilometres (13,000 mi) of rivers and streams, about 8 percent of these in urban areas. Its highest point is the summit of Little Barrier Island , at 722 metres. Prior to the merger into the Auckland Council on 1 November 2010,
1615-549: Is the local newspaper distributed weekly to homes in Pukekohe and surrounding towns, including Waiuku and Tuakau . Auckland Region Auckland ( Māori : Tāmaki Makaurau ) is one of the 16 regions of New Zealand , which takes its name from the eponymous urban area . The region encompasses the Auckland metropolitan area , smaller towns, rural areas, and the islands of the Hauraki Gulf . Containing 34 percent of
1700-413: The Auckland Region . On 1 April 1912, Pukekohe became a borough with its own elected local council. Due to Auckland 's growing population during the 19th and 20th centuries, Pukekohe became an important market gardening area for the Auckland Region . Mitha Unka, the first Indian settler, arrived in Pukekohe in 1918, and an Indian community developed in the town during the 1930s and 1940s. By July 1921,
1785-633: The Franklin Pool and Leisure Centre , also known as 'The Stockyard'. The town has a golf club, tennis club, squash club and a hot rod club. Based on King St, Pukekohe, Rural Living is a monthly, lifestyle magazine distributed throughout the Franklin region and accessible online. The magazine's publisher, Times Media, also produces annual magazines, Design & Build Franklin and Settling In, produced by locals for locals. Franklin County News
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#17327825341111870-534: The Franklin Times reported that the poor living conditions of Maori in Pukekohe contributed to a high Maori child mortality rate, with the newspaper estimating an upward of 20 dying. The Pukekohe council later petitioned the New Zealand government to address the substandard living conditions of Māori market garden workers and their families. During the early 1940s, the Department of Māori Affairs launched
1955-534: The Marion , an old coal hulk in Waitematā Harbour before being moved to the disused copper mine smelter on Kawau Island , north of Auckland. The prisoners were allowed the use of fishing boats to supplement their diet. Premier Frederick Whitaker and Colonial Secretary William Fox , meanwhile, debated bringing charges of high treason against all or some of them but disagreed on whether they should be tried by
2040-434: The New Zealand Parliament to highlight racism in Pukekohe. At candidates' meetings, he complained that members of his community were not served in bars and were allocated inferior seats at the town's cinemas. Ching faced death threats and was given police protection. Though Ching's parliamentary bid was unsuccessful, the publicity led the town to end discrimination against non-Whites in hotels and cinemas. Ngā Hau e Whā Marae
2125-405: The Waikato River . The defending Māori force comprised about 500 men, mostly armed with double-barreled shotguns and muskets . They were from Ngati Mahuta and other Waikato sub-tribes including Ngatiteata, Ngatihine and Patupou, with outside support from Kawhia Ngati Mahuta, Ngati Paoa and Ngati Haua under Wiremu Tamihana and Tiriori. It appears Wiremu Tamihana was in the pā at the start of
2210-424: The baby boom in the post war years. 31% of Pukekohe identified as Anglican by then but attendance was at an average of eight times per annum based on this number. In 1991 Pukekohe had a population of 10,410. In 2001 Pukekohe's population was 13,110. Pukekohe covers 31.03 km (11.98 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 28,000 as of June 2024, with a population density of 902 people per km. Before
2295-635: The "Heat" in the women's competition. The Men's team won the second division competition in 1979 and have won this division competition twice. Pukekohe is home to Pukekohe AFC who are members of the Northern Region Football . Bledisloe Park Sports Centre (overlooking Bledisloe Park grounds) is home to both Pukekohe AFC and Pukekohe Metro Cricket Club. The sports centre is managed by the Bledisloe Park Society Committee. Auckland Metropolitan Clay Target Club,
2380-789: The 2023 census, the town had a larger boundary, covering 32.50 km (12.55 sq mi). Using that boundary, Pukekohe had a population of 23,904 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 3,378 people (16.5%) since the 2013 census , and an increase of 6,636 people (38.4%) since the 2006 census . There were 8,031 households, comprising 11,532 males and 12,366 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.93 males per female, with 5,391 people (22.6%) aged under 15 years, 4,605 (19.3%) aged 15 to 29, 9,951 (41.6%) aged 30 to 64, and 3,960 (16.6%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 70.9% European/ Pākehā , 19.8% Māori , 9.0% Pacific peoples , 12.2% Asian , and 2.2% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas
2465-671: The Auckland Council has introduced a system of local boards to divide the region for local government. On the mainland, the region extends from the mouth of the Kaipara Harbour in the north across the southern stretches of the Northland Peninsula , through the Waitākere Ranges and the Auckland isthmus and across the low-lying land surrounding the Manukau Harbour , ending within a few kilometres of
2550-537: The Auckland Region consisted of seven territorial local authorities (TLAs); four cities and three districts: The Auckland Region is home to at least 23 known species or subspecies exclusively found in the region. This includes plant species such as the Waitākere rock koromiko , the undesccribed Mokohinau gecko , insect species such as the Little Barrier giant wētā , and bird species known to roost exclusively in
2635-545: The Auckland Region, such as the New Zealand storm petrel . Many endemic species are found exclusively within the Waitākere Ranges , on Great Barrier Island , Little Barrier Island and the Mokohinau Islands . Auckland Region covers 4,941.16 km (1,907.79 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 1,798,300 as of June 2024, with a population density of 364 people per km . Auckland Region had
Pukekohe - Misplaced Pages Continue
2720-463: The British advance into Waikato territory from the so-called Meremere line, a 22 km-long line of fortifications that spread from Pukekawa to Meremere and Paparata. The defensive line commanded about 2000 square kilometres of bush and was manned by a force of up to 1500. On October 31 the British commander, Lieutenant-General Duncan Cameron , landed troops on the banks of the Waikato River 15 km south of Meremere, ready to make an assault on
2805-463: The British and (since 1860) the Māoris were perfectly well aware that showing a white flag did not necessarily mean surrender" — yet while Cameron's action was not honourable, it was understandable. "Cameron had had eight assaults on the central redoubt bloodily repulsed, and it was not surprising that he should seize his chance rather than risk more of his men, particularly in the case of what he perceived as
2890-530: The Crown during the Waikato War and established their claim to the land on the basis of cultivation and ancestral burial grounds. Following the Waikato War the government wished to populate the area around Pukekohe. To do this they offered migrants from Britain and Cape Colony 10 and 5 acres respectively to settle in the area. Over 3,000 immigrants came from Britain and roughly 1,200 from Cape Colony. Due to
2975-728: The Department of Māori Affairs, and the State Advances Corporation. Despite the League's lobbying, many Māori continued to face substandard living conditions and long waits for state rental housing. Until the 1950s, many Māori children in Pukekohe died from poverty-related illnesses such as typhoid . In 1952, the Department of Education established a segregated special Māori school in Pukekohe in response to strong local pressure from European residents who did not want their children to mix with Māori. This contradicted
3060-692: The Franklin Local Board represents local government in the area. The local board is one of 21 local boards across Auckland. The current Councillor is Andy Baker. Pukekohe lies in the Port Waikato general electorate, currently represented by Andrew Bayly of the National Party . It is part of the Hauraki-Waikato Māori electorate, currently represented by Hana-Rawhiti Maipi-Clarke of Te Pāti Māori . Pukekohe High School
3145-486: The Māori positions across the 600 m gap under heavy fire. Two colonels, Austen and Phelps, were both killed as the 12th and 14th headed for the centre of the 500m-long line; they were unaware it was the location of the redoubt, its strongest section. Two officers of the 12th made a desperate attempt to climb the earthworks, but almost every man who reached the top with the aid of ladders was immediately shot down. The repulse of
3230-694: The Pukekohe War Memorial Town Hall. In response to the community needing a larger space, the PIA Events Centre was opened by the Pukekohe Indian Association in 1999. Between 1916 and 1936 Pukekohe saw a 65% growth compared to 42% for the rest of Franklin County . By 1936 it had 2536 residents with roughly 40% identifying as Anglican. The population went from 3,309 in 1945 to 6,547 in 1966 following
3315-494: The Rangiriri township which is open to the public. Two Victoria Crosses were awarded after the battle: one to Assistant Surgeon William Temple for disregarding his own welfare in attending to the wounded during the assaults at the end of the day and another to Lieutenant Arthur Pickard for showing courage in running through enemy fire to reach Cameron and seek help. Cameron attracted both praise for his "skilful measures" in
3400-600: The Supreme Court or by court martial under the Suppression of Rebellion Act, a piece of legislation passed in late 1863 that authorised the Governor to arrest and detain indefinitely anyone suspected of complicity in the "rebellion". The Act provided for punishment by death, imprisonment or corporal punishment such as whipping. Dr Arini Loader, a lecturer at Victoria University of Wellington, has stated that there
3485-462: The Waikato area. Although surprised and severely outnumbered, the settlers held off the Māori war party until troops from the 18th Royal Irish Regiment arrived. No settlers were killed or injured while 30 Māori were killed with an unknown number wounded. 6 bodies were found near the church and 24 were later found buried in the bush. The church still exists today and the bullet holes are still visible. According to Te Huia Raureti, tribes that took part in
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3570-584: The abolition of the Franklin District Council on 1 November 2010. With a population of 28,000 (June 2024), Pukekohe is the 24th largest urban area in New Zealand, and the third largest in the Auckland Region behind Auckland itself and Hibiscus Coast . Pukekohe and the surrounding areas are a section of the South Auckland volcanic field , which erupted between 550,000 and 1,600,000 years ago. Tāmaki Māori peoples settled
3655-461: The area are Ngāti Tamaoho and Ngāti Te Ata. Waikato Tainui has a strong presence. The Crown purchased the Pukekohe block on 7 December 1843, for £150 in cash and £170 worth of goods The Crown established Te Awa nui o Taikehu, a reserve the Crown created for Te Ākitai Waiohua during land sales around modern-day Pukekohe. Some of this land was accidentally sold to settlers. The Crown would compensate
3740-406: The assault left about 40 British dead or wounded. Members of the 65th Regiment, meanwhile, were faltering under the withering fire, taking cover before being stirred to resume their advance. They reached the trenches at the river side of the fortification, bridged them with planks and managed to penetrate the Māori line, possibly because much of the garrison had moved to the central redoubt to fend off
3825-438: The attack. About 30 Māori were killed and the surviving defenders abandoned the river-facing trenches and began fleeing south. Cameron ordered the remaining company of reserves to join the 65th in attacking the central redoubt from the west and south, but the 500-strong force began to come under the same heavy fire from the redoubt and adjacent works that had stopped the 12th and 14th. One group of British found themselves cut off at
3910-504: The battle but left after the major attacks. He was seen approaching Rangiriri after the surrender, with 400 Māori warriors which were en route to Rangiriri, but turned back after the Māori surrender the next day. About 3pm on 20 November Cameron ordered the start of a two-hour artillery bombardment, with additional fire coming from gunboats Curacoa and Pioneer . At 4.45pm, Leslie's division had still not landed because of strong flood currents and adverse winds but Cameron—concerned about
3995-493: The capture of 180 Māori prisoners, further reducing the Kingitanga ability to oppose the far larger British force. The British success at Rangiriri and several subsequent battles opened the Waikato basin to the British forces and the government subsequently confiscated 1.3 million hectares of land for use by settlers. In 1995 the Crown apologised for its actions. Since early August 1863 Kingitanga forces had been fighting
4080-412: The capture of Rangiriri and severe criticism over the high number of British losses. Yet the battle had highlighted the rapidly growing disparity between British and Māori forces and the inability of Waikato Māori to maintain their manpower continuously because of the need to sustain their tribal economy and attend to domestic needs. Tamehana sent his own mere to Cameron soon after the battle, and this
4165-429: The census question. Of those at least 15 years old, 330,039 (24.7%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 571,350 (42.7%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 345,828 (25.9%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $ 44,700, compared with $ 41,500 nationally. 194,880 people (14.6%) earned over $ 100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15
4250-461: The centre of the main line lay a small but well-protected north-facing redoubt with several lines of concealed rifle pits at its southern side. A second series of outlying works were located on a spur to the south and east of the main defence line. The defences consisted solely of earthworks, with no palisading, while the redoubt, whose low profile meant it escaped detection by Cameron on river-borne reconnaissance missions on 30 October and 18 November,
4335-494: The clearing of dense bush in the Pukekohe area, large areas of fertile, volcanic land became available for growing crops. While onions and potatoes were first grown in Pukekohe as early as the 1850s, large-scale market growing of vegetables did not begin until 1870 in nearby Patumahoe . After horticulturalist John Bilkey planted a successful crop of onions on Pukekohe Hill in 1892, local farmers began cultivating onion patches. The expansion of roads and railway infrastructure during
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#17327825341114420-834: The court and in 1879 entered Parliament as the Member for Western Maori . In 2009 the New Zealand Transport Agency , which is responsible for the Waikato Expressway Rangiriri Bypass roading project, began working in partnership with Waikato-Tainui to restore the Rangiriri Pā site. The Rangiriri Bypass and restoration works were scheduled for completion by the 150th anniversary of the Battle of Rangiriri, in November 2013 but
4505-432: The defenders sang and chanted and returned occasional gunfire. More members of the garrison evacuated during the night, including chief Wiremu Tamihana and possibly King Tāwhiao . After being subject to intermittent grenade attacks during the night by soldiers who had stayed in the wet trenches, Māori raised a white flag over the parapet around 5 am, expecting to talk terms with Cameron. British officers entered entered
4590-408: The department's policy of racially integrated schools. The visiting American psychologist David Ausubel regarded Pukekohe's segregated school as emblematic of an alleged " colour bar " in New Zealand where Māori faced negative stereotyping and discrimination in accessing housing, hotel accommodation, employment, and credit services. In 1963, ethnic Chinese onion grower Rai Wai Ching contested a seat in
4675-434: The direction of Te Wharepu, a leading Waikato chief. The front line ran east–west, comprising a long trench, behind which was a parapet of banked-up earth and another trench. The trenches were between 2.7m and 4.2m deep, with the parapet between 4.2m and 6.3m from the base of the trench. Another line of defences ran south from the main line at right angles to it, facing the river to protect the line from any river-borne force. In
4760-607: The eight districts in the Waikato region to be confiscated, which amounted to a total of 577,590 acres. On 26 April 1865, the Native Land Court awarded £5,444 in compensation to the Ngatipari tribe, a branch of the Ākitai people, for a block of land known as the "Pukekohe Reserve" or "Pukekohe bloc," which had been confiscated during the Waikato War. The Ngatipari claimants successfully argued that they had not opposed
4845-410: The frontal assault. His division comprised members of the 65th Regiment (386), 14th Regiment (186), 12th Regiment (112), Royal Artillery, Royal Navy (100) and Royal Engineers (15). A second division, consisting of 320 men of the 40th Regiment under Lieut-Colonel Arthur Leslie with another 200 seamen and marines as a backup, were transported by barge further south with the aim of gaining possession of
4930-426: The grounds that the petition's allegations had not been proved. Local Indians also formed the Pukekohe Indian Association. During the 1930s, another wave of Māori rural-to-urban migration occurred in the Auckland Region including Pukekohe. Many Māori migrating to Pukekohe and Auckland found it difficult to secure housing due to discrimination from landlords, with many experiencing substandard housing. On 15 July 1935,
5015-517: The hill and the high quality soil. The northern slopes of the hill were home to some of the largest croplands ( māra kai ) for the Tāmaki Māori people who settled here. Much of the population around Pukekohe migrated south during the Musket Wars in the 1820s due to the threat from Ngāpuhi and other northern tribes, gradually returning from the mid-1830s. In modern times, the two main iwi of
5100-741: The land, they took the symbolic title of rootless Māori and became known as Nga Hau E Wha (People of the Four Winds). On 10 June 1905, Pukekohe became a town district. By 1907, Pukekohe's town centre consisted of one main street with numerous stores and workshops. Following the completion of the North Island Main Trunk railway line in 1907, Pukekohe's market gardens became a major supplier of agricultural produce for several North Island major population centres including Auckland and Wellington . Due to Auckland 's growing population, Pukekohe became an important market gardening area for
5185-470: The late 19th century led to the development of market gardens in Pukekohe and the nearby Bombay Hills . By 1875, Pukekohe was connected to Auckland by rail with the extension of railway lines to Mercer . This is when Pukekohe's population saw the largest growth. People who had lived in Te Awa nui o Taikehu returned to the area in the 1870s, often working as labourers in the market gardens on the former lands of
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#17327825341115270-535: The main fortification from the rear with a total force of 1200 men. The following day the Māori forces evacuated Meremere and retreated south to Rangiriri, their next defensive line. Work on the Rangiriri line had begun before the fall of Meremere with a 500 m long double ditch dug between the Waikato River and Lake Kopuera. Strengthening work had continued during the earlier campaign based at Meremere, and concentrated work began in early November 1863 under
5355-523: The mouth of the Waikato River . It also includes the islands of the Hauraki Gulf . It is bordered in the north by the Northland Region , and in the south by the Waikato region. The Hunua Ranges and the adjacent coastline along the Firth of Thames were part of the region until the Auckland Council was formed in late 2010, when they were transferred to the Waikato region. In land area the region
5440-432: The nation's residents, it has by far the largest population and economy of any region of New Zealand, but the second-smallest land area. On 1 November 2010, the Auckland region became a unitary authority administered by the Auckland Council , replacing the previous regional council and seven local councils. In the process, an area in its southeastern corner was transferred to the neighbouring Waikato region. Since then,
5525-399: The onset of darkness and the risk that his enemy would again escape—decided to launch his southward frontal attack. It began with two separate groups: 320 members of the 65th under Colonel Wyatt, with Royal Engineers on Cameron's right (the river side) and 290 men of the 12th and 14th under Colonel Austen extending the line to the British left. British casualties began to mount as they stormed
5610-487: The pā, to learn Māori wanted a truce. Instead Cameron demanded they surrender all their arms and took almost 200 men prisoner with no resistance. They were transported by boat to the Great South Road, then marched to Auckland. Although historian James Cowan claimed the garrison unconditionally surrendered because they had run out of ammunition, Belich says this is false; the bulk of evidence shows they still had
5695-428: The raid came from Ngāti Maniapoto , some other upper Waikato tribes, and Ngāti Pou of lower Waikato. On the even of the raid on Pukekohe East, a war council had ordered members of the taua (war party) to avoid looting the property of settlers. Despite this order, future Ngāti Maniapoto chief Wahanui Huatare and several other members raided a settler's house. This angered other members of the war party, who regarded it as
5780-428: The rear entrance to the redoubt. "At one time," wrote historian James Belich , "four British corpses, seven wounded men and seven unhurt men were crammed into this corner. More men were killed while trying to go to their aid." Leslie's men from the 40th Regiment, having finally landed, were by then arriving on the scene from the south and pressuring the Māori, who were withdrawing to the central redoubt. Cameron ordered
5865-439: The remaining 400 Māori defenders maintained a strong hold on the centre and eastern end of the line. The British, dispirited by the scale of losses, spent the night bivouacked on the wet ground, ready to renew the combat in the morning. During the night more hand-grenades were hurled into the redoubt and an abortive attempt was made to mine the parapet, but the soldiers continued to undermine the parapet with picks and shovels, while
5950-477: The reserve. By 1885 Pukekohe had 145 farmers, all the expected professionals of a small town, and several businesses. During the early 20th century, several landless Māori from the Waikato migrated to Pukekohe to work in the township's market gardens as itinerant agricultural workers. These Māori came from the Ngatipari, Ākitai , and Ngāpuhi iwi (tribes). Since the Māori in Pukekohe had no ancestral ties to
6035-470: The scene. About 35 of the Māori force were killed, along with six women and children. Probably an equal number of injured were evacuated by canoe across Lake Waikare. With the capture of more than 180 warriors, the battle became the most costly Māori defeat in the Waikato wars. The 183 prisoners were taken by boat to the Great South Road , then marched to Auckland . They were initially held on
6120-575: The settlers and return land to local iwi. By 1856, European settlements had been well established in the north and western reaches of Pukekohe. On 9 July 1863, due to fears of the Māori King Movement, Governor George Grey proclaimed that all Māori living to the South of Auckland needed to swear loyalty to the Queen and give up their weapons. Most people refused due to strong links to Tainui, leaving for
6205-602: The south before the Government's Invasion of the Waikato . Small numbers of people remained, in order to tend to their farms and for ahi kā (land rights through continued occupation). A major battle of the Waikato War was fought at Pukekohe East on 14 September 1863. The battle involved 11 armed settlers, who were converting the Pukekohe East church into a redoubt and approximately 200–300 Māori, mainly from
6290-417: The wider area in the 13th or 14th centuries. The traditional Māori name for Pukekohe Hill , Pukekohekohe ("Hill of Kohekohe ") refers to Dysoxylum spectabile , also known as the New Zealand mahogany tree, which used to be a prominent part of the native bush on in the area. The area was important to Waiohua tribes including Ngāti Tamaoho , Ngāti Te Ata and Te Ākitai , due to the strategic views from
6375-567: Was 24.3, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 46.3% had no religion, 38.0% were Christian , 1.6% had Māori religious beliefs , 3.0% were Hindu , 1.0% were Muslim , 0.5% were Buddhist and 3.0% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 2,973 (16.1%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 3,876 (20.9%) people had no formal qualifications. 3,411 people (18.4%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15
6460-541: Was a major engagement in the invasion of Waikato , which took place on 20–21 November 1863 during the New Zealand Wars . More than 1400 British troops defeated about 500 warriors of the Kingitanga (Māori King Movement), which was resisting the expansion of British settlement and colonial rule in the North Island . The battle cost both sides more than any other engagement of the land wars and also resulted in
6545-523: Was a rumour at the time the ship was going to be towed out to the ocean and sunk. "They didn’t know if they were going to be lined up and shot. Neither Grey nor his ministers knew what to do with them," she said. The prisoners were never charged nor tried by any tribunal. On the night of 11 September 1864 the 200 prisoners on Kawau seized all boats on the island and paddled to the mainland using spades, shovels and pieces of board they had fashioned into paddles. The group landed at Waikauri Bay and set up camp on
6630-411: Was deceptively strong. (The eastern part of the double ditch and some of the outlying works were destroyed with the making of State Highway 1. From the central redoubt earthworks, Lake Kopuera is about 105 m to the east.) Cameron commanded a battle force totaling more than 1400 men. On the morning of 20 November, he left Meremere to march up the bank of the Waikato River with about 850 men to make
6715-485: Was held in 2022, Due to the track being closed by the Auckland Racing Club. Pukekohe RFC represent the town in rugby union , their number 1 field is dubbed the 'Onion Patch'. The Counties Manukau Rugby Football Union are based in Pukekohe and play home matches at Navigation Homes Stadium . They have a men and women's premier team in each national championship. The "Steelers" in the men's competition and
6800-478: Was interpreted as a token of submission. Several Waikato chiefs including Te Wharepu expressed a willingness to negotiate and on 8 December the Kingite capital at Ngāruawāhia was abandoned and then taken by Cameron's troops. But Māori were still opposed to the British demands of submitting to the Queen and surrendering all arms and lands and began building further defences south of Ngāruawāhia. Wiremu Te Wheoro ,
6885-634: Was not complete until 2017. As part of the Rangiriri Bypass project, the Rangiriri Pā site was restored and the old State Highway 1 that cut through the pā was removed. As part of the Rangiriri Bypass Project, the site was the subject of an archeological dig in mid-2011. The site was returned to Waikato-Tainui by the Minister of Conservation Hon Maggie Barry on 19 August 2016 at a ceremony at Tūrangawaewae Marae during
6970-502: Was renamed to Pukekohe Hill School in 1966. Valley School opened in 1966. Pukekohe North School is a full primary school (years 1–8) with a roll of 348. 79 percent of the roll are of Māori heritage, and some classes are taught in the Māori language . The school opened in 1957, although the official opening was in 1958. KingsGate School and St Joseph's School are state integrated schools with rolls of 227 and 290 students, respectively. KingsGate
7055-557: Was spoken by 92.3%, Māori language by 2.6%, Samoan by 4.5% and other languages by 29.4%. No language could be spoken by 2.3% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.4%. The percentage of people born overseas was 42.5, compared with 28.8% nationally. Religious affiliations were 34.9% Christian , 5.4% Hindu , 2.9% Islam , 0.9% Māori religious beliefs , 1.9% Buddhist , 0.3% New Age , 0.2% Jewish , and 2.6% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 44.8%, and 6.2% of people did not answer
7140-406: Was that 712,110 (53.2%) people were employed full-time, 161,946 (12.1%) were part-time, and 43,947 (3.3%) were unemployed. The eponymous city (urban area) of Auckland has a population of 1,531,400 as of June 2024, making up 85.2% of the region's population. Other urban areas in the Auckland region include: Battle of Rangiriri 1420 British regulars 3 cannons The Battle of Rangiriri
7225-668: Was that 9,291 (50.2%) people were employed full-time, 2,439 (13.2%) were part-time, and 792 (4.3%) were unemployed. In 1861 the Pukekohe Highways District was created. Pukekohe had a local government just like other suburbs of Auckland at that time. The local government was called Pukekohe Borough Council, which started in 1912 and merged into Franklin District Council in 1989, eventually being amalgamated into Auckland Council in November 2010. The mayors of Pukekohe Borough Council were: Since 2010,
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