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121-415: Pune Metro is a  mass rapid transit system serving the city of Pune , India . The system comprises three lines with a combined length of 54.14 km (33.64 mi), of which 32.97 km (20.49 mi) on two lines are operational as of November 2024. The extended metro line from Ruby Hall Clinic to Ramwadi - including the Bund Garden, Kalyani Nagar and Ramwadi metro stations - covers

242-502: A PPP basis. The private partner will bring in 60% of the funds, 30% in equity and 70% in debt , while the rest 40% will be provided together by the Centre , State and PMRDA . The Centre has already approved a sum of ₹ 1,300 crore (US$ 160 million) as viability gap funding , while the State will provide ₹ 812 crore (US$ 97 million) and PMRDA will come up with

363-615: A public–private partnership basis. While the foundation stone for Line 3 was laid in December 2018, construction could only commence in November 2021 due to delays in land acquisition. Currently Mahametro has provided service on two major routes: from [1] Swargate to PCMC and from Vanaz to Ramwadi. During the busy morning and evening periods (8-11 AM and 4-8 PM), the wait time between trains has been reduced from 7.5 to 7 minutes. This change adds four additional trips to each route bringing

484-505: A 50:50 joint venture of the state and central governments. Sections of the purple and aqua lines were inaugurated in March 2022. Additional sections on both lines became operational in August 2023. Line 3 Puneri Metro is being implemented by Pune Metropolitan Region Development Authority ( PMRDA ) and is a joint venture of Tata Projects and Siemens Pune IT City Metro Rail Limited on

605-425: A body of water), which are potential congestion sites but also offer an opportunity for transfers between lines. Ring lines provide good coverage, connect between the radial lines and serve tangential trips that would otherwise need to cross the typically congested core of the network. A rough grid pattern can offer a wide variety of routes while still maintaining reasonable speed and frequency of service. A study of

726-450: A capacity of 320 passengers with longitudinal seating for 44 passengers. The trains are fully air-conditioned and feature CCTV, panic buttons, emergency doors, public address systems and audio-visual systems for indicating opening and closing of doors. One coach in each train is reserved for women and there are dedicated spaces for passengers in wheelchairs. The Pune Metropolitan Region Development Authority (PMRDA) had proposed to take over

847-454: A code for its stations. Unlike that of Singapore's MRT, it is mostly numbers. Based on the line number, for example Sinyongsan station, is coded as station 429. Being on Line 4, the first number of the station code is 4. The last two numbers are the station number on that line. Interchange stations can have multiple codes. Like City Hall station in Seoul which is served by Line 1 and Line 2. It has

968-651: A code of 132 and 201 respectively. The Line 2 is a circle line and the first stop is City Hall, therefore, City Hall has the station code of 201. For lines without a number like Bundang line it will have an alphanumeric code. Lines without a number that are operated by KORAIL will start with the letter 'K'. With widespread use of the Internet and cell phones globally, transit operators now use these technologies to present information to their users. In addition to online maps and timetables, some transit operators now offer real-time information which allows passengers to know when

1089-583: A conventional track is often provided in case of flat tires and for switching . There are also some rubber-tired systems that use a central guide rail , such as the Sapporo Municipal Subway and the NeoVal system in Rennes , France. Advocates of this system note that it is much quieter than conventional steel-wheeled trains, and allows for greater inclines given the increased traction of

1210-405: A dedicated right-of-way are typically used only outside dense areas, since they create a physical barrier in the urban fabric that hinders the flow of people and vehicles across their path and have a larger physical footprint. This method of construction is the cheapest as long as land values are low. It is often used for new systems in areas that are planned to fill up with buildings after the line

1331-443: A distance of 6 km. It was inaugurated on 6 March 2024. The 16.59 km (10.31 mi) Purple Line from PCMC Bhavan to Swargate runs on an elevated viaduct between PCMC Bhavan to Range Hills, from where it goes underground . The Aqua Line runs from Vanaz to Ramwadi covering a distance of 14.66 km (9.11 mi) on an elevated viaduct. The 23.33 km (14.50 mi) elevated Line 3 Puneri Metro will run from

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1452-483: A feasible option and that Pune, like other cities, will have to get an elevated metro as suggested by the DMRC. But as per the city activists, elevated metro is not possible due to presence of some flyovers along the route of metro and narrow roads on the metro corridor, which will cause traffic congestion and interruption. To alleviate the confusion, Chief Ministers of Maharashtra announced that Pune will get "mixed-metro", as

1573-418: A large number of factors, including geographical barriers, existing or expected travel patterns, construction costs, politics, and historical constraints. A transit system is expected to serve an area of land with a set of lines , which consist of shapes summarized as "I", "L", "U", "S", and "O" shapes or loops. Geographical barriers may cause chokepoints where transit lines must converge (for example, to cross

1694-652: A large part of the network, for example, in outer suburbs, runs at ground level. In most of Britain , a subway is a pedestrian underpass . The terms Underground and Tube are used for the London Underground . The North East England Tyne and Wear Metro , mostly overground, is known as the Metro . In Scotland , the Glasgow Subway underground rapid transit system is known as the Subway . In Ireland ,

1815-452: A line is obtained by multiplying the car capacity, the train length, and the service frequency . Heavy rapid transit trains might have six to twelve cars, while lighter systems may use four or fewer. Cars have a capacity of 100 to 150 passengers, varying with the seated to standing ratio  – more standing gives higher capacity. The minimum time interval between trains is shorter for rapid transit than for mainline railways owing to

1936-554: A longstanding dispute over the erstwhile garbage depot land in Kothrud was resolved by allotting it to MahaMetro for the development of a metro depot . A permanent exhibition depicting the life of Shivaji - the Shivsrushti ( Marathi : शिवसृष्टी) project - which was also planned at the same location, will instead be built on the land reserved for a biodiversity park near Chandani Chowk . The station at Chandani Chowk will bear

2057-558: A lot of time to get approvals, they fear the metro will not reach Nigdi before 2025. In May 2016, an environment interest litigation (EIL) was filed in the western zone bench of the National Green Tribunal (NGT) against the realignment of Line 2 from Jangali Maharaj Road to the Mutha River bed. The litigants MP Anu Aga , Sarang Yadwadkar, Arti Kirloskar and Dileep Padgaonkar expressed concerns over free flow of

2178-615: A metro. In Spain, such systems are present in Madrid , Barcelona , Bilbao and Valencia . In Portugal, Lisbon has a metro. The Italian cities of Catania , Genoa , Milan , Naples , Rome and Turin also have metro lines. In Germany and Austria they rapid transit is known as U-Bahn , which are often supported by S-Bahn systems. In Germany, U-Bahn systems exist in Berlin , Hamburg , Munich and Nuremberg , while in Austria such

2299-411: A part of a multimodal transit hub integrating intra- and inter-city bus services run by PMPML and MSRTC , autorickshaws , as well as parking facility for private vehicles. The project is being undertaken by MahaMetro on a PPP basis at a cost of ₹ 1,600 crore (equivalent to ₹ 21 billion or US$ 260 million in 2023). In August 2018, J Kumar Infraprojects was awarded the contract for

2420-791: A rapid transit setting. Skybus Metro The Skybus Metro was a prototype suspended railway system by Indian technologist B. Rajaram with the BEML and Konkan Railway which is patented by the Indian Railways . The system consisted of an elevated track with the cars suspended below, similar to the Wuppertal Schwebebahn or H-Bahn systems in Germany . A 1.6  km (1  mi ) test track in Margao , Goa started trials in 2004, but on 25 September, one employee

2541-565: A specialized transit police may be established. These security measures are normally integrated with measures to protect revenue by checking that passengers are not travelling without paying. Some subway systems, such as the Beijing Subway , which is ranked by Worldwide Rapid Transit Data as the "World's Safest Rapid Transit Network" in 2015, incorporates airport-style security checkpoints at every station. Rapid transit systems have been subject to terrorism with many casualties, such as

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2662-623: A strong public transport system has been discussed in Pune since the early 2000s. Initially, Skybus Metro , a prototype suspended railway system developed by the Konkan Railways , was being considered on a 7.5 km (4.66 mi) route between Swargate and Pune Railway Station . However, following a tragic mishap in September 2004, the project took a back seat. On 15 August 2008, the preparation of Detailed Project Report ( DPR ) work

2783-608: A system exists in Vienna . In addition, the small, car-free town of Serfaus in the Austrian state of Tyrol also features a short U-Bahn line. There are no U-Bahn systems in the German-speaking part of Switzerland, but the city of Lausanne has its own, small metro system. In Zurich, Switzerland's largest city, a project for a U-Bahn network was stopped by a referendum in the 1970s and instead its S-Bahn system

2904-661: A token hunger strike in February 2018 to press their demand for extension. In April 2018, PCMC earmarked a sum of ₹ 50 crore (equivalent to ₹ 67 crore or US$ 8.0 million in 2023) so that MahaMetro could prepare a DPR for the Nigdi extension. In October 2018, MahaMetro submitted the DPR for the 4.5 km (2.80 mi) long extension to the PCMC with an estimated cost of ₹ 947 crore (US$ 110 million). The DPR

3025-801: Is a shortened reference to a metropolitan area . Rapid transit systems such as the Washington Metrorail , Los Angeles Metro Rail , the Miami Metrorail , and the Montreal Metro are generally called the Metro . In Philadelphia , the term "El" is used for the Market–Frankford Line which runs mostly on an elevated track, while the term "subway" applies to the Broad Street Line which is almost entirely underground. Chicago 's commuter rail system that serves

3146-608: Is a single corporate image for the entire transit authority, but the rapid transit uses its own logo that fits into the profile. A transit map is a topological map or schematic diagram used to show the routes and stations in a public transport system. The main components are color-coded lines to indicate each line or service, with named icons to indicate stations. Maps may show only rapid transit or also include other modes of public transport. Transit maps can be found in transit vehicles, on platforms , elsewhere in stations, and in printed timetables . Maps help users understand

3267-427: Is being carried out in two packages: 1. Agriculture college to Budhwar Peth; 2. Budhwar Peth to Swargate. Mahametro has invited separate tenders for these two packages each involving the design and construction of the stations and associated tunnels. The following firms submitted bids: L&T , Tata Projects - Gulermark JV, Shanghai Tunnel Engineering, J Kumar and Afcons . The underground station at Swargate will be

3388-506: Is built. Most rapid transit trains are electric multiple units with lengths from three to over ten cars. Crew sizes have decreased throughout history, with some modern systems now running completely unstaffed trains. Other trains continue to have drivers, even if their only role in normal operation is to open and close the doors of the trains at stations. Power is commonly delivered by a third rail or by overhead wires . The whole London Underground network uses fourth rail and others use

3509-406: Is constructed in the divider space between road lanes. Sky Bus follows existing road routes without disturbing traffic. The steepest gradient was 2%. The sharpest curve had a radius of 100m. The maximum radius of vertical curve was 3375m. BEML had signed a memorandum of understanding with KRC for exclusive manufacture and supply of innovative skybus bogies, the prototype development of sky-bus for

3630-522: Is elevated till Range Hills with 9 stations and goes underground up to Swargate with 5 stations. This route runs via Nashik Phata, Khadki and Shivajinagar . The maintenance depot for this line will be located near the Range Hills station on the land acquired from the College of Agriculture . The 5.09 km (3.16 mi) long underground section of Purple Line from Agriculture College to Swargate

3751-664: Is expected to be taken up first followed by the section between Balewadi and Civil Court, Shivajinagar. A metro car shed will be built in Maan, Hinjawadi. The MIDC will provide 55 acres of land in Hinjawadi for setting up a Metro rail depot. The line will also connect to the multimodal transit hub planned along the National Highway 48 in Balewadi which will integrate the inter- and intra-city bus services and BRTS operated by

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3872-416: Is necessary, rolling stock with a smaller loading gauge from one sub network may be transported along other lines that use larger trains. On some networks such operations are part of normal services. Most rapid transit systems use conventional standard gauge railway track . Since tracks in subway tunnels are not exposed to rain , snow , or other forms of precipitation , they are often fixed directly to

3993-555: Is referred to simply as "the subway", despite 40% of the system running above ground. The term "L" or "El" is not used for elevated lines in general as the lines in the system are already designated with letters and numbers. The "L" train or L (New York City Subway service) refers specifically to the 14th Street–Canarsie Local line, and not other elevated trains. Similarly, the Toronto Subway is referred to as "the subway", with some of its system also running above ground. These are

4114-412: Is serviced by at least one specific route with trains stopping at all or some of the line's stations. Most systems operate several routes, and distinguish them by colors, names, numbering, or a combination thereof. Some lines may share track with each other for a portion of their route or operate solely on their own right-of-way. Often a line running through the city center forks into two or more branches in

4235-689: Is so named because a section of it passes through the Mula-Mutha river bed. The elevated line covers a distance of 14.66 km (9.11 mi) and has 16 stations. It connects with the Purple line and Line 3 at the Civil Court interchange station . The maintenance depot for the Aqua line is located near the Vanaz station on the former garbage depot land. In November 2015, a revised proposal submitted to

4356-748: Is the most commonly used term for underground rapid transit systems used by non-native English speakers. Rapid transit systems may be named after the medium by which passengers travel in busy central business districts ; the use of tunnels inspires names such as subway , underground , Untergrundbahn ( U-Bahn ) in German, or the Tunnelbana (T-bana) in Swedish. The use of viaducts inspires names such as elevated ( L or el ), skytrain , overhead , overground or Hochbahn in German. One of these terms may apply to an entire system, even if

4477-607: Is under construction by Pune IT City Metro Rail Limited and will run from Civil Court, Pune to Megapolis Pune (including Maan and Bhoirwadi ) in Hinjawadi . The 23.3 km (14.48 mi) line will be completely elevated and will have 23 stations and will align with the MahaMetro lines at the Civil Court interchange station . The construction will be taken up in three phases, the section between Hinjawadi and Balewadi

4598-627: The Dublin Area Rapid Transit is despite the name considered a commuter rail due to usage of mainline railways. In France, large cities, such as Paris , Marseille and Lyon , feature a Métro . Also the smaller cities of Lille Rennes have a light metro. Furthermore, Brussels in Belgium, and Amsterdam and Rotterdam in the Netherlands have metro systems in place. Several Southern European contries also have

4719-584: The French Development Agency ( Agence française de développement , AFD ). On 28 January 2019, the Department of Economic Affairs on behalf of the Centre and the AFD signed a facility framework agreement to extend bilateral funding of ₹ 2,000 crore (US$ 240 million). The line 3 is estimated to cost ₹ 8,313 crore (US$ 1.0 billion) and will be implemented by PMRDA on

4840-752: The Hudson and Manhattan Railroad K-series cars from 1958, the New York City Subway R38 and R42 cars from the late-1960s, and the Nagoya Municipal Subway 3000 series , Osaka Municipal Subway 10 series and MTR M-Train EMUs from the 1970s, were generally only made possible largely due to the relatively generous loading gauges of these systems and also adequate open-air sections to dissipate hot air from these air conditioning units. Especially in some rapid transit systems such as

4961-653: The Lohegaon airport . This area accounts for approximately 50% of the city's area. The notification restricts the construction of high-rise buildings and has made 4 FSI along the metro corridor under the transit-oriented development policy impossible. In 2021, the first-ever movie to be shot in Pune metro was the Shah Rukh Khan and Nayanthara starrer film Jawan . The film was shot in Sant Tukaram Nagar metro station . In 2024 Maha metro announced that

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5082-429: The London Underground . In 1868, New York opened the elevated West Side and Yonkers Patent Railway , initially a cable-hauled line using stationary steam engines . As of 2021 , China has the largest number of rapid transit systems in the world  – 40 in number, running on over 4,500 km (2,800 mi) of track – and was responsible for most of the world's rapid-transit expansion in

5203-740: The Metropolitan Railway opened publicly in London in 1863. High capacity monorails with larger and longer trains can be classified as rapid transit systems. Such monorail systems recently started operating in Chongqing and São Paulo . Light metro is a subclass of rapid transit that has the speed and grade separation of a "full metro" but is designed for smaller passenger numbers. It often has smaller loading gauges, lighter train cars and smaller consists of typically two to four cars. Light metros are typically used as feeder lines into

5324-578: The Montreal Metro (opened 1966) and Sapporo Municipal Subway (opened 1971), their entirely enclosed nature due to their use of rubber-tyred technology to cope with heavy snowfall experienced by both cities in winter precludes any air-conditioning retrofits of rolling stock due to the risk of heating the tunnels to temperatures that would be too hot for passengers and for train operations. In many cities, metro networks consist of lines operating different sizes and types of vehicles. Although these sub-networks may not often be connected by track, in cases when it

5445-609: The PMC by the DMRC suggested realigning the route along the Mutha river as against the earlier alignment along Jangali Maharaj Road to reduce the project cost. The route length now is 14.66 km (9.11 mi), reducing the length by 260 m (853 ft 0 in). The alignment of Line 2 was once again revised in January 2018 due to Indian Railways ' expansion plans. In September 2018,

5566-589: The Prague Metro . The London Underground and Paris Métro are densely built systems with a matrix of crisscrossing lines throughout the cities. The Chicago 'L' has most of its lines converging on The Loop , the main business, financial, and cultural area. Some systems have a circular line around the city center connecting to radially arranged outward lines, such as the Moscow Metro 's Koltsevaya Line and Beijing Subway 's Line 10 . The capacity of

5687-685: The Singapore MRT , Changi Airport MRT station has the alphanumeric code CG2, indicating its position as the 2nd station on the Changi Airport branch of the East West Line. Interchange stations have at least two codes, for example, Raffles Place MRT station has two codes, NS26 and EW14, the 26th station on the North South Line and the 14th station on the East West Line. The Seoul Metro is another example that utilizes

5808-544: The central government had approved a proposal seeking loan of ₹ 6,325 crore (US$ 760 million) from the World Bank and China-based Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) for the project. However, as of March 2018, MahaMetro was negotiating loans worth ₹ 4,500 crore (US$ 540 million) and ₹ 2,000 crore (US$ 240 million) from the European Investment Bank ( EIB ) and

5929-447: The central government will each bear 20% of the cost. The remaining 50% will be obtained as loans. The state government's share of 20% includes the expenses of acquiring land, including government land, at market price. The delay in the execution of the project has resulted in an upward revision of ₹ 700 crores (US$ 107.8 million) in the draft civic budget for 2015-16 presented by Municipal Commissioner Kunal Kumar. On 17 September 2016,

6050-450: The deep tube lines . Historically, rapid transit trains used ceiling fans and openable windows to provide fresh air and piston-effect wind cooling to riders. From the 1950s to the 1990s (and in most of Europe until the 2000s), many rapid transit trains from that era were also fitted with forced-air ventilation systems in carriage ceiling units for passenger comfort. Early rapid transit rolling stock fitted with air conditioning , such as

6171-409: The linear motor for propulsion. Some urban rail lines are built to a loading gauge as large as that of main-line railways ; others are built to a smaller one and have tunnels that restrict the size and sometimes the shape of the train compartments. One example is most of the London Underground , which has acquired the informal term "tube train" due to the cylindrical shape of the trains used on

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6292-618: The "swing arrestor" and "switching apparatus" which could have potentially addressed the safety concerns that surrounded the project since the 2004 accident. Rajaram defended Sky Bus, stating that the accident was avoidable. In October, 2013 the Konkan Railway Corporation (KRC) decided to discontinue the SkyBus project to curb expenses. The 1.6km test track was dismantled as a result of the decision. The KRC had solicited interest from foreign firms to maintain and upgrade

6413-432: The 15 world largest subway systems suggested a universal shape composed of a dense core with branches radiating from it. Rapid transit operators have often built up strong brands , often focused on easy recognition – to allow quick identification even in the vast array of signage found in large cities – combined with the desire to communicate speed, safety, and authority. In many cities, there

6534-488: The 1995 Tokyo subway sarin gas attack and the 2005 " 7/7 " terrorist bombings on the London Underground. Some rapid transport trains have extra features such as wall sockets, cellular reception, typically using a leaky feeder in tunnels and DAS antennas in stations, as well as Wi-Fi connectivity. The first metro system in the world to enable full mobile phone reception in underground stations and tunnels

6655-621: The 2010s. The world's longest single-operator rapid transit system by route length is the Shanghai Metro . The world's largest single rapid transit service provider by number of stations (472 stations in total) is the New York City Subway . The busiest rapid transit systems in the world by annual ridership are the Shanghai Metro, Tokyo subway system , Seoul Metro and the Moscow Metro . The term Metro

6776-532: The 21st century, most new expansions and systems are located in Asia, with China becoming the world's leader in metro expansion, operating some of the largest and busiest systems while possessing almost 60 cities that are operating, constructing or planning a rapid transit system . Rapid transit is used for local transport in cities , agglomerations , and metropolitan areas to transport large numbers of people often short distances at high frequency . The extent of

6897-596: The MSRTC and PMPML. The hub will be constructed on a PPP basis under the Smart City mission and is expected to cost ₹ 1,251 crore (US$ 150 million). The hub will consist of a built-up space of 1,900,000 square feet (176,516 m) including 1,750,000 square feet (162,580 m) of commercial office space, parking space for 80 buses, 1942 cars and 3884 two-wheelers. As of October 2018, offers from international and national real estate developers have been invited for

7018-515: The Metro project, which was declined by the PMC and PCMC . The opposing representatives said that the Metro rail is going to be implemented by Special Purpose Vehicle. Instead, the civic bodies suggested inclusion of PMRDA in the SPV to increase the reach of the Metro rail. PMRDA will execute only Line 3 i.e. Shivajinagar to Hinjawadi (Phase-I, II, III) line. They will follow PPP model for the project. For

7139-548: The NGT will hear cases for three weeks in Pune. On 3 August 2018, the principal bench of the NGT cleared metro construction on the river bed. The clearance is subject to MahaMetro complying with the recommendations made by the three-member expert committee, which had concluded that the construction would not damage riverbed hydrology. The DMRC had proposed 4 FSI on either side of the corridor to achieve greater population densification through vertical development of residential and commercial properties. The PMC will raise money for

7260-427: The National Monument Authority rejected permission sought by MahaMetro to build near Aga Khan Palace in the prohibited area of the monument. No construction is permitted within 100 m (328 ft 1 in) of a monument under AMASR Act , 1958. This led to a third revision in the alignment of line 2, for which MahaMetro has suggested the PMC three alternative alignments for the Civil Court to Ramwadi section near

7381-426: The Pune Metro use standard gauge rolling stock manufactured by Titagarh Firema . The trains consist of 3 coaches each, have a total capacity of 970 passengers and can reach a maximum speed of 95 km/h (59 mph). The aluminium-bodied coaches are 21.34–21.64 m (70 ft 0 in – 71 ft 0 in) long, 2.90 m (9 ft 6 in) wide, and 3.90 m (12 ft 10 in). Each coach has

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7502-425: The Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park in Hinjawadi via Balewadi to Civil Court. All three lines will align at the District Court interchange station . The foundation stone for the Purple and Aqua lines was laid by prime minister Narendra Modi in December 2016. The two lines with a combined length of 32.97 km (20.49 mi) are being implemented by the Maharashtra Metro Rail Corporation Limited ( MahaMetro ),

7623-529: The alignment of some routes does support elevated sections. Metro phase I was criticized by Pimpri Chinchwad Citizens Forum, Pune (PCCF), believing that the project will not benefit nearly 70 per cent area of PCMC Administration, as it will not serve the Akurdi, Chinchwad and Nigdi stretch. Adding further, the citizens group supported their cause by stating that it would take another 5 years after phase II gets approval from Union Cabinet for metro to reach core PCMC administered areas. Since infrastructure projects take

7744-428: The beginning of rapid transit. Initial experiences with steam engines, despite ventilation, were unpleasant. Experiments with pneumatic railways failed in their extended adoption by cities. In 1890, the City & South London Railway was the first electric-traction rapid transit railway, which was also fully underground. Prior to opening, the line was to be called the "City and South London Subway", thus introducing

7865-407: The city, cater to various kinds of vehicles simultaneously. Such roads, at an optimum can carry 8,000 peak hour peak direction traffic (PHPDT). Being a densely populated area, Pune's traffic needs cannot be met by road-based system and additional flyovers. Pune Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Ltd. (PMPML) , the public transport provider that operates buses and BRT services in Pune has failed to meet

7986-414: The display of the transit network. Often this has the effect of compressing the distance between stations in the outer area of the system, and expanding distances between those close to the center. Some systems assign unique alphanumeric codes to each of their stations to help commuters identify them, which briefly encodes information about the line it is on, and its position on the line. For example, on

8107-434: The entire metropolitan area is called Metra (short for Met ropolitan Ra il), while its rapid transit system that serves the city is called the "L" . Boston's subway system is known locally as "The T". In Atlanta , the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority goes by the acronym "MARTA." In the San Francisco Bay Area , residents refer to Bay Area Rapid Transit by its acronym "BART". The New York City Subway

8228-472: The extensions in their respective jurisdictions and bear the cost for it. However, on 18 January 2018, MLA and Pune 's Guardian Minister Girish Bapat announced in his speech at the ground-breaking ceremony for the first metro station at Sant Tukaram Nagar that work on the extension would be taken up only in the "second phase" of the project without mentioning a timeline. As a result, confusion ensued and social organizations in Pimpri, Chinchwad, Akurdi held

8349-415: The final approval from the Central Government only on 7 December 2016, almost 4.5 years later. PM Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone on 24 December 2016. MahaMetro is implementing the two lines, viz. the partly elevated and partly underground Purple line from Pimpri & Chinchwad to Swargate and the completely elevated Aqua line from Vanaz to Ramwadi . MahaMetro expects to complete

8470-778: The final day of the celebrations, September 17, the Metro was operated continuously for 24 hours handling 3,46,633 passengers the highest daily passengers number by succeeding 14 September 2,43,453 Passengers recorde. This means it will run from 6:00 AM on September 17 until 6:00 AM on September 18. [3] During this Ganeshotsav festivities 7 September to 17 September total 20,44,342 Passengers traveled by Metro. [REDACTED] Rapid transit Modern services on rapid transit systems are provided on designated lines between stations typically using electric multiple units on railway tracks . Some systems use guided rubber tires , magnetic levitation ( maglev ), or monorail . The stations typically have high platforms, without steps inside

8591-490: The first time in the country. Two standard axle "bogies" provide the drive mechanism. Each bogie is driven by 3-phase alternating current (AC) motor. A third rail provides power. Braking is either regenerative (returning electricity to the grid) with supplemental disc and (emergency) mechanical braking. Power is delivered to the vehicles using brushes or by current carrying wheels. The coaches are double walled lightweight shells with wide larger windows & are suspended below

8712-516: The floor rather than resting on ballast , such as normal railway tracks. An alternate technology, using rubber tires on narrow concrete or steel roll ways , was pioneered on certain lines of the Paris Métro and Mexico City Metro , and the first completely new system to use it was in Montreal , Canada. On most of these networks, additional horizontal wheels are required for guidance, and

8833-464: The hub and the PMC is in the process of land transfer to the executing agency, Pune Smart City Development Corporation Ltd. (PSCDCL). PMRDA has announced that the line would be extended from the Civil Court intersection up to Phursungi IT Park via Hadapsar . The DPR for the extension is being prepared by DMRC . This would add another 11.8 km (7.33 mi) of elevated corridor to the network and 12 additional stations. The purple and aqua line of

8954-468: The hub. In April 2018, MahaMetro began construction in the Kharalwadi and Morwadi area on the elevated stretch of the line between PCMC Bhavan and Range Hills. For the construction, the barricades on the newly built BRTS lane were removed. MahaMetro claimed it to be temporary and revealed that an earlier plan to construct the pillars on the footpath was dropped due to utility lines running below

9075-420: The implementation of the initial two lines, the former Nagpur Metro Rail Corporation was reconstituted to form Maharashtra Metro Rail Corporation Limited ( MahaMetro ). The MahaMetro lines were estimated to cost ₹ 11,522 crore (US$ 1.4 billion), a hike of ₹ 653 crore (US$ 78 million) from the 2014 estimate. The PMC and PCMC will each bear 5% of the cost, while the state government and

9196-439: The interconnections between different parts of the system; for example, they show the interchange stations where passengers can transfer between lines. Unlike conventional maps, transit maps are usually not geographically accurate, but emphasize the topological connections among the different stations. The graphic presentation may use straight lines and fixed angles, and often a fixed minimum distance between stations, to simplify

9317-508: The line from Swargate to Katraj . The DPR prepared by MahaMetro for the 5.4 km (3.36 mi) long extension was approved by the PMC in September 2021. The extension is planned to be entirely underground and will have 3 stations at Gultekdi market yard , Padmavati and Katraj . The extension is expected to cost ₹ 4,020 crore (US$ 480 million). Aqua line runs from Ramwadi to Vanaz via Mangalwar Peth and Deccan Gymkhana . The line

9438-602: The lines of the Lyon Metro includes a section of rack (cog) railway , while the Carmelit , in Haifa, is an underground funicular . For elevated lines, another alternative is the monorail , which can be built either as straddle-beam monorails or as a suspended monorail . While monorails have never gained wide acceptance outside Japan, there are some such as Chongqing Rail Transit 's monorail lines which are widely used in

9559-509: The long delay, stating that "Pune lost five valuable years in unnecessary discussions instead of executing the project." In light of the various issues and revisions in cost the DPR was revised January 2013, August 2014, and once again in November 2015 to reflect current prices. The project received a final approval from the Union Government’s Cabinet on December 7, 2016 and in January 2017, Nagpur Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (NMRCL)

9680-557: The main rapid transit system. For instance, the Wenhu Line of the Taipei Metro serves many relatively sparse neighbourhoods and feeds into and complements the high capacity metro lines. Some systems have been built from scratch, others are reclaimed from former commuter rail or suburban tramway systems that have been upgraded, and often supplemented with an underground or elevated downtown section. Ground-level alignments with

9801-453: The map and the details of phases showed elevated routes. In November 2011, the state government declared that all the routes would be underground. However, in April 2012, the PMC declared that all routes will be as per the DMRC report, mostly elevated and partially underground in core city areas. On 27 May 2015, the then Minister of Housing and Urban Affairs stated that underground metro was not

9922-467: The metro and needed civic amenities to support the higher density. Furthermore, PMC hopes to increase the use of metro. Some members of the planning committee have suggested that three FSI be granted not only within a 500-m radius along the metro corridor but also in the entire city. Members have suggested that the amount collected through the premium on additional FSI should be turned into an urban development fund. A 60% share of this fund should be used for

10043-698: The metro project, while 15% for the PMPML and high capacity mass transit road and monorail and 25% for developing basic infrastructure. But as per several urban planners, NGOs and experts, the FSI introduction will have more drawbacks than benefits for the city. In July 2018, the Department of Defence of the MoD notified height restrictions in a six-kilometer radius of the National Defence Academy and

10164-538: The metro train will be operational till midnight during Ganesh Festival . On the day of Ganesh Visarjan the metro train will be operational for 24 hours. From September 7 to 9, the Pune Metro will operate from 6:00 AM to 11:00 PM. However, to better serve the public during the Ganeshotsav festivities, the operating hours will be extended. From September 10 to 16, the Metro will run from 6:00 AM until midnight. On

10285-557: The metro. The routes from Khadakwasla to Kharadi via Swargate and Hadapsar metro rail route (25.862 km), Paudphata to Manikbaug via Warje route (6.118 km), Vanaz to Chandni Chowk route of (1.112) km and Ramwadi to Wagholi route of (11.633 km) have been approved by Pune Municipal Corporation . The Detailed Project Report is further sent to state and center government for approval Purple Line runs from PCMC Bhavan in Pimpri to Swargate . The 16.59 km (10.31 mi) line

10406-403: The monument. A diversion from Kalyani Nagar which increased the route length by 60 m (196 ft 10 in) and the cost by ₹ 135 crore (equivalent to ₹ 181 crore or US$ 22 million in 2023) was approved. Although the Aqua line currently terminates at Vanaz in the west, it was decided to extend the line till Chandani Chowk . The decision came in February 2018, when

10527-530: The name of the Shivsrushti project. A DPR is being prepared for the 2 km (1.24 mi) long extension and an additional station between Vanaz and Shivsrushti (Chandani Chowk) at Bhusari Colony is being contemplated. MahaMetro will bear the costs for this extension. There have been demands for the extension of the line from Ramwadi to Wagholi as well as a connection to the Pune International Airport . Line 3 aka Puneri Metro

10648-418: The network map "readable" by illiterate people, this system has since become an "icon" of the system. Compared to other modes of transport, rapid transit has a good safety record, with few accidents. Rail transport is subject to strict safety regulations , with requirements for procedure and maintenance to minimize risk. Head-on collisions are rare due to use of double track, and low operating speeds reduce

10769-402: The next vehicle will arrive, and expected travel times. The standardized GTFS data format for transit information allows many third-party software developers to produce web and smartphone app programs which give passengers customized updates regarding specific transit lines and stations of interest. Mexico City Metro uses a unique pictogram for each station. Originally intended to help make

10890-902: The occurrence and severity of rear-end collisions and derailments . Fire is more of a danger underground, such as the King's Cross fire in London in November 1987, which killed 31 people. Systems are generally built to allow evacuation of trains at many places throughout the system. High platforms , usually over 1 meter / 3 feet, are a safety risk, as people falling onto the tracks have trouble climbing back. Platform screen doors are used on some systems to eliminate this danger. Rapid transit facilities are public spaces and may suffer from security problems: petty crimes , such as pickpocketing and baggage theft, and more serious violent crimes , as well as sexual assaults on tightly packed trains and platforms. Security measures include video surveillance , security guards , and conductors . In some countries

11011-603: The only two North American systems that are primarily called "subways". In most of Southeast Asia and in Taiwan , rapid transit systems are primarily known by the acronym MRT . The meaning varies from one country to another. In Indonesia , the acronym stands for Moda Raya Terpadu or Integrated Mass [Transit] Mode in English. In the Philippines , it stands for Metro Rail Transit . Two underground lines use

11132-587: The outset. Budapest , Chicago , Glasgow , Boston and New York City all converted or purpose-designed and built electric rail services. Advancements in technology have allowed new automated services. Hybrid solutions have also evolved, such as tram-train and premetro , which incorporate some of the features of rapid transit systems. In response to cost, engineering considerations and topological challenges some cities have opted to construct tram systems, particularly those in Australia, where density in cities

11253-450: The project in 2021. Days after the foundation stone for the MahaMetro lines was laid, PMRDA approved Line 3 ( Hinjawadi Phase-I, II, III - Shivajinagar ) on 29 December 2016. The project will be implemented by PMRDA on a PPP basis. It was approved by the State on 2 January 2018 and by the Centre on 7 March 2018. The Delhi Metro Rail Cooperation (DMRC) began preparing a Detailed Project Report (DPR) for Pune Metro Phase 1. The DPR

11374-566: The project. The project was proposed way back in 2007 by the Chief Ministers of Maharashtra, but did not move ahead due to many reasons. The DPR was itself approved only on 12 June 2012. At an event in 2013 during his tour of the city, the Metroman E. Sreedharan blamed the people involved in planning and implementing the project for the long delay, stating that "Pune lost five valuable years in unnecessary discussions instead of executing

11495-406: The project." Initial plans were to build a few sections underground and the rest elevated. However, citizens of Pune did not want elevated routes as they felt that the roads could not bear the increased traffic that would result from the construction. Most roads were too narrow to accommodate the pillars of elevated routes. It was decided that all the routes in the city would be underground, although

11616-437: The rails. The air conditioned coaches have 4m-wide automatic doors. They offer audiovisual information to passengers. Each pair of coaches carries 300 passengers. Each coach is 9.25m long and 3.2 m wide. "Trains" consist of two coaches, with total length of 18.5m. The traverser automatically shifts units between tracks. The traverser is a modified form of transverser used in others industries for lifting & shifting objects. In

11737-908: The rapid transit system varies greatly between cities, with several transport strategies. Some systems may extend only to the limits of the inner city, or to its inner ring of suburbs with trains making frequent station stops. The outer suburbs may then be reached by a separate commuter rail network where more widely spaced stations allow higher speeds. In some cases the differences between urban rapid transit and suburban systems are not clear. Rapid transit systems may be supplemented by other systems such as trolleybuses , regular buses , trams , or commuter rail. This combination of transit modes serves to offset certain limitations of rapid transit such as limited stops and long walking distances between outside access points. Bus or tram feeder systems transport people to rapid transit stops. Each rapid transit system consists of one or more lines , or circuits. Each line

11858-645: The rest. The private partner will build, operate and maintain the line for 35 years. On 31 July 2018, the State government allotted 5.1 hectares (13 acres) of land with a market value of ₹ 153 crore (US$ 18 million) for Line 3. This land located in Balewadi will be monetized by the bidder for financial viability and forms a part of the costs to be borne by the State . The following table shows annual ridership and farebox revef Pune Metro since inception. An integrated fare system has also been planned to facilitate seamless transfers, however, exact fares for

11979-516: The river bed. In January 2018, the report was submitted and stated that the construction would not damage the river. However, the case is still pending in the NGT. Since 1 February 2018, the NGT's western zone bench in Pune is unable to function following a Supreme Court order restricting single-member benches of the NGT from hearing cases. The case is expected to be heard in July 2018, when the circuit bench of

12100-569: The river being obstructed by the pillars supporting the 1.7-km stretch of the metro viaduct. In October 2016, the Biodiversity Monitoring Committee of the PMC reported that the metro project could be catastrophic for the riverbed ecology, corroborating the EIL. The NGT put an interim stay on metro construction in the river bed on 2 January 2017, days after the foundation stone was laid on 24 December 2016. The stay, however,

12221-542: The rubber tires. However, they have higher maintenance costs and are less energy efficient. They also lose traction when weather conditions are wet or icy, preventing above-ground use of the Montréal Metro and limiting it on the Sapporo Municipal Subway, but not rubber-tired systems in other cities. Some cities with steep hills incorporate mountain railway technologies in their metros. One of

12342-431: The same travel distance will vary based on the operator. MiCard ( Marathi : मी कार्ड), the smart card currently being used on the bus and BRTS services run by the PMPML , will be used as the common mobility card on the metro services as well as parking facilities. The citizens and city based NGOs have regularly raised questions over the intention of the state governments as to whether they actually want to implement

12463-483: The station door. The station fits in a 50m long spot. In 2004 the Konkan Railway carried out a trial of Sky Bus in Margao , Goa with the help of Goa state government. On 25 September, one employee was killed and three injured in an accident when the coaches hit the concrete track pillars, ending the trial. Managing director Bhanu Prakash Tayal shared that KRC was unable to engineer critical components like

12584-663: The suburbs, allowing a higher service frequency in the center. This arrangement is used by many systems, such as the Copenhagen Metro , the Milan Metro , the Oslo Metro , the Istanbul Metro and the New York City Subway . Alternatively, there may be a single central terminal (often shared with the central railway station), or multiple interchange stations between lines in the city center, for instance in

12705-675: The surface. However, the PCMC conducted trials on the BRTS route in April 2018 and intended to launch services soon and therefore ordered MahaMetro to stop construction. As a result, MahaMetro revised the alignment in May 2018, one year after construction began on the line. Ever since the Centre gave its nod for the first two metro corridors, there has been a demand for extending the Purple line from PCMC Bhavan to Bhakti Shakti Chowk, Nigdi . In light of these demands, PCMC decided to prepare DPRs for

12826-714: The term subway . In Thailand , it stands for Metropolitan Rapid Transit , previously using the Mass Rapid Transit name. Outside of Southeast Asia, Kaohsiung and Taoyuan, Taiwan , have their own MRT systems which stands for Mass Rapid Transit , as with Singapore and Malaysia . In general rapid transit is a synonym for "metro" type transit, though sometimes rapid transit is defined to include "metro", commuter trains and grade separated light rail . Also high-capacity bus-based transit systems can have features similar to "metro" systems. The opening of London's steam-hauled Metropolitan Railway in 1863 marked

12947-530: The term Subway into railway terminology. Both railways, alongside others, were eventually merged into London Underground . The 1893 Liverpool Overhead Railway was designed to use electric traction from the outset. The technology quickly spread to other cities in Europe , the United States, Argentina, and Canada, with some railways being converted from steam and others being designed to be electric from

13068-489: The total to 117 trips on the Pimpri Chinchwad to District Court route and 118 trips on the Vanaz to Ramwadi route. [2] Pune has witnessed enormous industrial growth since the 1990s. Rapid urbanisation in the recent past has put the city's travel infrastructure in stress. With an increase in small scale, medium scale as well as heavy industries, the traffic in the city is rising at alarming rates. The roads in

13189-511: The trains, requiring custom-made trains in order to minimize gaps between train and platform. They are typically integrated with other public transport and often operated by the same public transport authorities . Some rapid transit systems have at-grade intersections between a rapid transit line and a road or between two rapid transit lines. The world's first rapid transit system was the partially underground Metropolitan Railway which opened in 1863 using steam locomotives , and now forms part of

13310-452: The transport needs. This has mainly contributed to an unhealthy growth of vehicles on roads. According to reports published in April 2018, the number of vehicles registered in the city stands at 3.62 million surpassing the population of the city. Such a high density of traffic has put the urban transport system in Pune under severe stress leading to longer travel time, increased air pollution and rise in number of road accidents. In light of this,

13431-451: The traverser a platform of track is hung to a bogie which consist of a motor & is also mounted on the track. The traverser acts like a station. A distance of 50m from the last station to the traverser is maintained to provide holding capacity for two units as a third unit is getting traversed in case of unforeseen delay. The station is an air-conditioned platform 5.5m above ground. Stations have automatic doors and lifts. A smart card opens

13552-601: The use of communications-based train control : the minimum headway can reach 90 seconds, but many systems typically use 120 seconds to allow for recovery from delays. Typical capacity lines allow 1,200 people per train, giving 36,000 passengers per hour per direction . However, much higher capacities are attained in East Asia with ranges of 75,000 to 85,000 people per hour achieved by MTR Corporation 's urban lines in Hong Kong. Rapid transit topologies are determined by

13673-559: Was Singapore's Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system, which launched its first underground mobile phone network using AMPS in 1989. Many metro systems, such as the Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway (MTR) and the Berlin U-Bahn, provide mobile data connections in their tunnels for various network operators. The technology used for public, mass rapid transit has undergone significant changes in the years since

13794-456: Was approved by the state in February 2021 was awaiting the nod from the centre . In October 2023, the centre approved the extension of the route from PCMC to Bhakti Shakti Chowk in Nigdi. MahaMetro had started the soil testing and basic works for setup of foundation pillars by June 2024. The work on the extension is expected to be completed by mid 2027. There have also been demands for extending

13915-899: Was developed further. Other Central European countries also have metro lines, for example in the cities of Budapest (Hungary), Prague (Czech Republic) and Warsaw (Poland). In Eastern Europe , metro systems are in operation in Minsk (Belarus), Kyiv (Ukraine), Riga (Latvia), Vilnius (Lithuania) and Moscow (Russia). In Southeastern European countries, there are metro systems in Athens and Thessaloniki (Greece), Belgrade (Serbia), Sofia (Bulgaria) and Istanbul (Turkey). In Northern Europe , rapid transit systems exist in Copenhagen (Denmark), Oslo (Norway), Stockholm (Sweden) and Helsinki (Finland). Various terms are used for rapid transit systems around North America . The term metro

14036-559: Was killed and three injured in an accident, ending the trial. The test track was supposed to be extended to 10.5 km, but no progress was made after the accident. In 2013, the Konkan Railway dismantled the line. Skybus can run at 100 km/h using electric power, with suspended cars that carry the passengers. Heavy 52 kilograms per metre (100 lb/yd) rails of standard gauge are placed in 8m x 2m-box enclosures. These rails are supported over 1m diameter columns 10m tall, spaced at 15-20m intervals on pile foundation. This structure

14157-702: Was low and suburbs tended to spread out . Since the 1970s, the viability of underground train systems in Australian cities, particularly Sydney and Melbourne , has been reconsidered and proposed as a solution to over-capacity. Melbourne had tunnels and stations developed in the 1970s and opened in 1980. The first line of the Sydney Metro was opened in 2019. Since the 1960s, many new systems have been introduced in Europe , Asia and Latin America . In

14278-710: Was put on hold by the Supreme Court . Subsequently, after the MahaMetro was formed and became a respondent in the EIL, it unsuccessfully moved the Supreme Court challenging the NGT's jurisdiction on the case. In October 2017, the NGT resumed the hearing and appointed an expert committee convened by the National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) to study the impact of the metro project on

14399-408: Was renamed to Maharashtra Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (Maha-Metro) to execute Pune Metro’s Phase 1 project. Phase 1 consists of two lines, the Purple line, running from PCMC Bhavan to Swargate, and the Aqua line, running from Vanaz to Ramwadi. The two lines comprise a total of 42.84 km (26.62 mi) (including approved extensions). Pune Metro has started the preparation for the second phase of

14520-403: Was submitted to the state government in July 2009 and received approval from the government on 12 June 2012. However, the project immediately ran into problems with various organizations demanding the alignment to be changed and environmental problems. At an event in 2013 during his tour of the city, the Metroman E. Sreedharan blamed the people involved in planning and implementing the project for

14641-680: Was undertaken by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) and submitted their report. In 2010, the Pune Municipal Corporation ( PMC ) delayed submitting the proposal to the Union government to make provisions in the annual budget for the project. The initial project consisting of two lines with a combined length of 31.25 km (19.42 mi) was approved by the State in June 2012. However, it received

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