Seri (Seri: cmiique iitom ) is an indigenous language spoken by between 716 and 900 Seri people in Punta Chueca and El Desemboque , two villages on the coast of Sonora , Mexico . The language is generally considered an isolate , but attempts have been made to include it in the theoretical Hokan language family. No concrete evidence has been found for connections to other languages.
60-636: Punta Chueca ( Seri : Socaaix ) is a Seri town located on the Gulf of California in the Mexican state of Sonora . It is located 25 kilometers north of the fishing and tourist town of Bahía de Kino . Both of these towns are part of the Municipality of Hermosillo . One of the two villages on the Seri Indian communal property (the other being El Desemboque ( Haxöl Iihom )), it has small stores,
120-639: A place a in {if there is} If there is a boojum tree in a place... Comcaac Seris pac Vowel length In linguistics , vowel length is the perceived length of a vowel sound: the corresponding physical measurement is duration . In some languages vowel length is an important phonemic factor, meaning vowel length can change the meaning of the word, for example in Arabic , Czech , Dravidian languages (such as Tamil ), some Finno-Ugric languages (such as Finnish and Estonian ), Japanese , Kyrgyz , Samoan , and Xhosa . Some languages in
180-479: A few rhotic dialects, such as Scottish English and Northern Irish English . It also plays a lesser phonetic role in Cantonese , unlike in other varieties of Chinese , which do not have phonemic vowel length distinctions. Many languages do not distinguish vowel length phonemically, meaning that vowel length does not change meaning. However, the amount of time a vowel is uttered can change based on factors such as
240-681: A location in the Mexican state of Sonora is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Seri language The earliest records of the Seri language are from 1692, but the population has remained fairly isolated. Extensive work on Seri began in 1951 by Edward and Mary Beck Moser with the Summer Institute of Linguistics . The language is viable within its community and is used freely in daily life. Exceptions include primary and secondary school, some parts of local church services, and communications with Spanish speakers outside of
300-407: A morphological operation, and causative verbs may be formed morphologically. The postpositions of Seri inflect for the person of their complement: hiti 'on me', miti 'on you', iti 'on her/him/it'. Most of the words that have been called postpositions at one time (and some of which still are, in limited situations) are actually relational preverbs; they must occur in a position immediately before
360-402: A preceding stressed vowel by a single consonant are also lengthened so that cootaj /ˈkoːtɑx/ ("ant") is pronounced [ˈkoːtːɑːx] . Such allophonically lengthened vowels may be longer than the phonemically long vowels found in stressed syllables. The lengthening does not occur if the following consonant or vowel is part of a suffix ( coo-taj , the plural of coo (" shovelnose guitarfish "),
420-593: A primary school and a small satellite-fed secondary school ( telesecundaria ). It is one of the closest points on the mainland to Tiburón Island , separated from it by the Canal del Infiernillo ( Xepe Coosot ). According to the Mexican census of 2010, the town (officially a locality, or localidad ), had a population of 520 inhabitants. 29°0′54″N 112°9′42″W / 29.01500°N 112.16167°W / 29.01500; -112.16167 This article about
480-416: A result of phonological fusion with the root). This rule is also sensitive to syllable weight. A heavy final syllable in the root attracts stress. A heavy syllable is one that has a long vowel or vowel cluster or a final consonant cluster. (A single consonant in the syllable coda is typically counted as extrametrical in Seri.) Consonants following a stressed syllable are lengthened, and vowels separated from
540-657: A separate word except in third person), compare me hyacóhot 'I showed it to you (sg. or pl.)', cohyacóhot 'I showed it to him/her/them'. The verb "tenses" divide between medial forms and final forms, irrealis and realis: popánzx (irrealis, medial, third person) '(if) it/she/he runs', tpanzx (realis, medial, third person) '(as) it/she/he ran', yopánzx (distal realis, final, third person) 'it/she/he ran', impánzx (proximal realis, final, third person) 'it/she/he ran', spánxz aha (irrealis, final, third person) 'it/she/he will run'. A verb may also be negative and/or passive. A transitive verb may be detransitivized through
600-1065: A shift: /kjauto/ → /kjoːto/ . Another example is shōnen ( boy ): /seuneɴ/ → /sjoːneɴ/ [ɕoːneɴ] . As noted above, only a relatively few of the world's languages make a phonemic distinction between long and short vowels. Some families have many such languages, examples being the Dravidian languages and the Finno-Ugric languages . Other languages have fewer relatives with vowel length, including Arabic , Japanese , Scottish Gaelic . There are also older languages such as Sanskrit , Biblical Hebrew , and Latin which have phonemic vowel length but no descendants that preserve it. In Latin and Hungarian, some long vowels are analyzed as separate phonemes from short vowels: Vowel length contrasts with more than two phonemic levels are rare, and several hypothesized cases of three-level vowel length can be analysed without postulating this typologically unusual configuration. Estonian has three distinctive lengths, but
660-477: A single vowel phoneme, which may have then become split in two phonemes. For example, the Australian English phoneme /æː/ was created by the incomplete application of a rule extending /æ/ before certain voiced consonants, a phenomenon known as the bad–lad split . An alternative pathway to the phonemicization of allophonic vowel length is the shift of a vowel of a formerly-different quality to become
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#1732780825664720-421: A special prefix appears when no possessor is specified, and kinship terms sometimes have additional material at the end as well. Compare ha-sáac-at 'one's son', and ha-lít 'one's head'. Some nouns have an additional plural form to distinguish between singular and plural possessors: itoj 'his/her eye', itoj 'his/her eyes', itolcoj 'their eyes'. Finite verbs obligatorily inflect for number of
780-622: A third one was then introduced. For example, the Finnic imperative marker * -k caused the preceding vowels to be articulated shorter. After the deletion of the marker, the allophonic length became phonemic, as shown in the example above. In the International Phonetic Alphabet the sign ː (not a colon, but two triangles facing each other in an hourglass shape ; Unicode U+02D0 ) is used for both vowel and consonant length. This may be doubled for an extra-long sound, or
840-626: Is [poʃ] "guava", [poˑʃ] "spider", [poːʃ] "knot". In Dinka the longest vowels are three moras long, and so are best analyzed as overlong e.g. /oːː/ . Four-way distinctions have been claimed, but these are actually long-short distinctions on adjacent syllables. For example, in Kikamba , there is [ko.ko.na] , [kóó.ma̋] , [ko.óma̋] , [nétónubáné.éetɛ̂] "hit", "dry", "bite", "we have chosen for everyone and are still choosing". In many varieties of English, vowels contrast with each other both in length and in quality, and descriptions differ in
900-489: Is [ˈkoːtɑx] , without lengthening) if the stressed syllable consists of a long vowel and a short vowel ( caaijoj , a kind of manta ray , is [ˈkɑːixox] , without lengthening), or if the stressed vowel is lengthened to indicate intensity. It also does not affect most loanwords. Verbs, nouns, and postpositions are inflected word categories in Seri. Nouns inflect for plurality through suffixation. Compare noosi 'mourning dove' and noosi-lc 'mourning doves'. Pluralization
960-526: Is a short vowel found in a syllable immediately preceded by a stressed short vowel: i-s o . Among the languages with distinctive vowel length, there are some in which it may occur only in stressed syllables, such as in Alemannic German , Scottish Gaelic and Egyptian Arabic . In languages such as Czech , Finnish , some Irish dialects and Classical Latin , vowel length is distinctive also in unstressed syllables. In some languages, vowel length
1020-443: Is contrastive in Seri. Although it usually falls on the first syllable of a root, there are many words where it does not, mostly nouns, as well as a small class of common verbs whose stress may fall on a prefix rather than on the root. An alternative analysis, recently proposed and with fewer exceptions, assigns stress to the penultimate syllable of the root of a word (since suffixes are never stressed and prefixes receive stress only as
1080-441: Is contrastive vowel length in closed syllables between long and short /e/ and /ɐ/ . The following are minimal pairs of length: In most varieties of English, for instance Received Pronunciation and General American , there is allophonic variation in vowel length depending on the value of the consonant that follows it: vowels are shorter before voiceless consonants and are longer when they come before voiced consonants. Thus,
1140-488: Is listed as a vulnerable language by UNESCO . The Serian family is a language family , with Seri as its only living member; related languages have disappeared in the last few centuries. Attempts have been made to link it to the Yuman family , to the now-extinct Salinan language of California, and to the much larger hypothetical Hokan family. These hypotheses came out of a period when attempts were being made to group all of
1200-404: Is often reinforced by allophonic vowel length, especially when it is lexical. For example, French long vowels are always in stressed syllables. Finnish , a language with two phonemic lengths, indicates the stress by adding allophonic length, which gives four distinctive lengths and five physical lengths: short and long stressed vowels, short and long unstressed vowels, and a half-long vowel, which
1260-403: Is sometimes better analyzed as a sequence of two identical vowels. In Finnic languages , such as Finnish, the simplest example follows from consonant gradation : haka → haan . In some cases, it is caused by a following chroneme , which is etymologically a consonant: jää "ice" ← Proto-Uralic * jäŋe . In non-initial syllables, it is ambiguous if long vowels are vowel clusters; poems written in
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#17327808256641320-474: Is the nominalizer; the prefix for third person possessor elides before the y . The word quih is a singular article (which combines with the plural noun to refer to the Seri community). The language was erroneously referred to as Kunkaak as early as the beginning of the 20th century (as in Hernández 1904), and this mistake has been repeated up to now by people who confuse the name of an ethnic group with
1380-582: Is very complicated; for this reason, each noun is listed in the dictionary with its plural form. Some nouns ostensibly use an infix to indicate plural: caatc 'grasshopper', caatjc 'grasshoppers'. A few nouns have completely suppletive plural forms: cmiique 'Seri person', comcáac 'Seri people', ziix 'thing', xiica 'things'. Kinship terms and body part nouns inflect for possessors through prefixes (with slightly different prefix sets). Compare ma-sáac 'your son' (of man) and mi-lít 'your head'. As they are obligatorily possessed nouns,
1440-533: The THOUGHT vowels can occur, depending on morphology (compare falling [ˈfɔʊlɪn] with aweless [ˈɔəlɪs] ). In Cockney, the main difference between /ɪ/ and /ɪə/ , /e/ and /eə/ as well as /ɒ/ and /ɔə/ is length, not quality, so that his [ɪz] , merry [ˈmɛɹɪi] and Polly [ˈpɒlɪi ~ ˈpɔlɪi] differ from here's [ɪəz ~ ɪːz] , Mary [ˈmɛəɹɪi ~ ˈmɛːɹɪi] and poorly [ˈpɔəlɪi ~ ˈpɔːlɪi] (see cure-force merger ) mainly in length. In broad Cockney,
1500-468: The Kalevala meter often syllabicate between the vowels, and an (etymologically original) intervocalic -h- is seen in that and some modern dialects ( taivaan vs. taivahan "of the sky"). Morphological treatment of diphthongs is essentially similar to long vowels. Some old Finnish long vowels have developed into diphthongs, but successive layers of borrowing have introduced the same long vowels again so
1560-560: The labialized consonants /kʷ, xʷ, χʷ/ , but this small phonetic detail is not written in the community-based writing system. Other consonants may occur in recent loans, such as [ ɡ ] in hamiigo ("friend" from Spanish amigo ), and [ β ] in hoova ("grape" from Spanish uva ). The labial fricative /ɸ/ may be labiodental [ f ] for some speakers, and the postalveolar fricative /ʃ/ may be retroflex [ ʂ ] . /t/ and /n/ are prototypically dental. In unstressed syllables, /m/ assimilates to
1620-421: The place of articulation of the following consonant. This assimilation may take place over word boundaries in connected speech. When /m/ is preceded by /k/ or /kʷ/ , it becomes a nasalized approximant [ w̃ ] and the following vowel becomes nasalized, e.g. cmiique /kmiːkɛ/ "person; Seri" is pronounced [ˈkw̃ĩːkːɛ] or [ˈkw̃ĩːkːi] . For some speakers, word-final /m/ may become [ ŋ ] at
1680-400: The Seri community itself, for the language, is Cmiique iitom , which contrasts with Cocsar iitom (" Spanish language ") and Maricaana iitom (" English language "). The expression is a noun phrase that is literally "(that) with which a Seri person speaks". The word Cmiique (phonetically [ˈkw̃ĩːkːɛ] ) is the singular noun for "Seri person". The word iitom is the oblique nominalization of
1740-561: The Seri community. Most members of the community, including youth, are fluent in their language, but the population of speakers is small and cultural knowledge has been dwindling since the traditional hunter-gatherer lifestyle was essentially replaced in the 1930s by fixed settlements. Furthermore, many children are no longer becoming fluent in the language, for a variety of reasons (schools, internet, or non-Seri friends); some children are completely monolingual in Spanish. For these reasons, Seri
1800-530: The beginning of a syllable, although consonants cannot be long word initially (i.e. /tːi/ or /pː/). Specific combinations that may occur are much less restricted than English, for instance. Seri three-consonant onsets such as /ptk/ do occur, as in ptc amn (Cortez spiny lobster , Panulirus inflatus ). Simple codas occur, although complex ones are more common. Word-medial codas contain a single consonant, whereas word-final codas may include up to three. Clusters of four consonants also occur, but they are more rare in
1860-447: The contrast between /æ/ and /æʊ/ is also mainly one of length; compare hat [æʔ] with out [æəʔ ~ æːʔ] (cf. the near-RP form [æʊʔ] , with a wide closing diphthong). In the teaching of English, vowels are commonly said to have a "short" and a "long" version. The terms "short" and "long" are not accurate from a linguistic point of view—at least in the case of Modern English—as the vowels are not actually short and long versions of
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1920-412: The diphthong and the long vowel now again contrast ( nuotti "musical note" vs. nootti "diplomatic note"). In Japanese, most long vowels are the results of the phonetic change of diphthongs ; au and ou became ō , iu became yū , eu became yō , and now ei is becoming ē . The change also occurred after the loss of intervocalic phoneme /h/ . For example, modern Kyōto ( Kyoto ) has undergone
1980-459: The end of a phrase or sentence, or when said in isolation. It can be documented, by careful examination of word lists collected in the nineteenth century, that some of these phonetic rules have arisen fairly recently. Syllable structure in Seri is fairly complex. Simple syllable onsets are most common, however, syllables without onsets can occur at the beginning of a word. The language generally allows up to three consonants to occur together at
2040-400: The intransitive verb caaitom ("talk"), with the prefix i- (third person possessor), and the null prefix for the nominalizer with this class of root. Another similar expression that one hears occasionally for the language is Cmiique iimx , which is a similar construction based on the transitive verb quimx ("tell") (root = amx ). The name chosen by the Seri committee for the name of
2100-420: The language used in the title of the recent dictionary was Comcaac quih Yaza , the plural version of Cmiique iitom . It was appropriate for a project of that type, although it is not a commonly used term. Comcaac (phonetically [koŋˈkɑːk] ) is the plural form of Cmiique and yaza is the plural nominalized form corresponding to iitom . ( ooza is the plural root, y- (with an accompanying vowel ablaut)
2160-526: The languages of the Americas into families. In the case of Seri, however, very little evidence has ever been produced. Until such evidence is presented and evaluated, the language is most appropriately considered an isolate. The name "Seri" is an exonym for this people that has been used since the first contacts with the Spaniards (sometimes written differently, as "Ceres"). Gilg reported in 1692 that it
2220-430: The lateral [ l ] than fall [fɔʊː] . The distinction between [ɔʊ] and [ɔʊː] exists only word-internally before consonants other than intervocalic /l/ . In the morpheme-final position only [ɔʊː] occurs (with the THOUGHT vowel being realized as [ɔə ~ ɔː ~ ɔʊə] ), so that all [ɔʊː] is always distinct from or [ɔə] . Before the intervocalic /l/ [ɔʊː] is the banned diphthong, though here either of
2280-466: The lexicon: /kʷsχt/ in cösxt amt, ... , "there were many, ..."; /mxkχ/ in ipoo mjc x , ... "if s/he brings it, ...", (with enclitic x ). The nuclei of Seri syllables can include one, two, or three vowels . Long vowels are indicated in writing by doubling (i.e. ⟨aa⟩ or ⟨ii⟩ for /aː/ or /iː/). Vowel clusters may include 3 separate elements, as in the one syllable word kaoi (NOM-D-delouse). Syllables with complex nuclei are stressed; otherwise,
2340-419: The long [ɔʊː] corresponds to the non-prevocalic sequence /ɔːl/ (see l-vocalization ). The following are minimal pairs of length: The difference is lost in running speech, so that fault falls together with fort and fought as [ˈfɔʊʔ] or [ˈfoːʔ] . The contrast between the two diphthongs is phonetic rather than phonemic, as the /l/ can be restored in formal speech: [ˈfoːɫt] etc., which suggests that
2400-445: The name of its language (which are often the same in Spanish and English). The lexeme Comcaac is used in the Seri language only to refer to the people. Vowel length is contrastive only in stressed syllables. The low front vowels /ɛ, ɛː/ are phonetically between open-mid and near-open and have also been transcribed as /æ, æː/ . The nonrounded vowels /i, ɛ, ɑ/ may be realized as diphthongs [iu̯, ɛo̯, ɑo̯] when followed by
2460-422: The noun. The singular indefinite article ( a , an ) is zo before consonants, and z before vowels (it presumably is historically related to the word for "one", which is tazo ). The plural indefinite article (roughly equivalent to some ) is pac . Cótotaj boojum tree zo a hant place z a iti in poop... if there is Cótotaj zo hant z iti poop... boojum tree
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2520-500: The past likely had the distinction even though their descendants do not, with an example being Latin and its descendent Romance languages . Whether vowel length alone changes word-meanings in English depends on the particular dialect; it is able to do so in a few non-rhotic dialects, such as Australian English , Lunenburg English , New Zealand English , South African English , and possibly some Southern British English , and in
2580-470: The phonetic characteristics of the sounds around it, for instance whether the vowel is followed by a voiced or a voiceless consonant. Languages that do distinguish vowel length phonemically usually only distinguish between short vowels and long vowels . Very few languages distinguish three phonemic vowel lengths; some that do so are Estonian , Luiseño , and Mixe . However, languages with two vowel lengths may permit words in which two adjacent vowels are of
2640-420: The possessum. The language does not have many true adjectives; adjective-like verbs follow the head noun in the same kind of construction and with the same kind of morphology as verbs in the language. The words that correspond to prepositions in languages like English are usually constrained to appear before the verb; in noun phrases they appear following their complement. Seri has several articles , which follow
2700-535: The presence or absence of phonological length ( chroneme ). The usual long-short pairings for RP are /iː + ɪ/, /ɑː + æ/, /ɜ: + ə/, /ɔː + ɒ/, /u + ʊ/, but Jones omits /ɑː + æ/. This approach is not found in present-day descriptions of English. Vowels show allophonic variation in length and also in other features according to the context in which they occur. The terms tense (corresponding to long ) and lax (corresponding to short ) are alternative terms that do not directly refer to length. In Australian English , there
2760-570: The pronunciation of bared as [beːd] , creating a contrast with the short vowel in bed [bed] . Another common source is the vocalization of a consonant such as the voiced velar fricative [ɣ] or voiced palatal fricative or even an approximant, as the English 'r'. A historically-important example is the laryngeal theory , which states that long vowels in the Indo-European languages were formed from short vowels, followed by any one of
2820-426: The relative importance given to these two features. Some descriptions of Received Pronunciation and more widely some descriptions of English phonology group all non-diphthongal vowels into the categories "long" and "short", convenient terms for grouping the many vowels of English. Daniel Jones proposed that phonetically similar pairs of long and short vowels could be grouped into single phonemes, distinguished by
2880-424: The same quality: Japanese ほうおう , hōō , "phoenix", or Ancient Greek ἀάατος [a.áː.a.tos] , "inviolable". Some languages that do not ordinarily have phonemic vowel length but permit vowel hiatus may similarly exhibit sequences of identical vowel phonemes that yield phonetically long vowels, such as Georgian გააადვილებ , gaaadvileb [ɡa.a.ad.vil.eb] , "you will facilitate it". Stress
2940-699: The same sound; the terminology is a historical holdover due to their arising from proper vowel length in Middle English . The phonetic values of these vowels are shown in the table below. In some types of phonetic transcription (e.g. pronunciation respelling ), "long" vowel letters may be marked with a macron; for example, ⟨ā⟩ may be used to represent the IPA sound /eɪ/ . This is sometimes used in dictionaries, most notably in Merriam-Webster (see Pronunciation respelling for English for more). Similarly,
3000-465: The several "laryngeal" sounds of Proto-Indo-European (conventionally written h 1 , h 2 and h 3 ). When a laryngeal sound followed a vowel, it was later lost in most Indo-European languages, and the preceding vowel became long. However, Proto-Indo-European had long vowels of other origins as well, usually as the result of older sound changes, such as Szemerényi's law and Stang's law . Vowel length may also have arisen as an allophonic quality of
3060-458: The short counterpart of a vowel pair. That too is exemplified by Australian English, whose contrast between /a/ (as in duck ) and /aː/ (as in dark ) was brought about by a lowering of the earlier /ʌ/ . Estonian , a Finnic language , has a rare phenomenon in which allophonic length variation has become phonemic after the deletion of the suffixes causing the allophony. Estonian had already inherited two vowel lengths from Proto-Finnic , but
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#17327808256643120-411: The short vowel letters are rarely represented in teaching reading of English in the classroom by the symbols ă, ĕ, ĭ, ŏ, o͝o, and ŭ. The long vowels are more often represented by a horizontal line above the vowel: ā, ē, ī, ō, o͞o, and ū. Vowel length may often be traced to assimilation . In Australian English, the second element [ə] of a diphthong [eə] has assimilated to the preceding vowel, giving
3180-452: The stress generally occurs on the first syllable of a words root. Vowel clusters often occur in the initial syllable of a root . Affixes , which may consist of one or more consonants with no vowels, can be added before or after existing consonant clusters, thereby complicating pronunciation and syllabification. When necessary, empty vowel positions are inserted and often filled with a syllabic nasal or an "i" to aid in pronunciation. Stress
3240-564: The subject, person of the subject, direct object and indirect object and tense/mood. For subject person and number, compare ihpyopánzx 'I ran', inyopánzx 'you (sg.) ran', yopanzx 'it ran, she ran, he ran', hayopáncojc 'we ran', mayopáncojc 'you (pl.) ran', yopáncojc 'they ran'. For object person (which is written as a separate word in the orthography although it is really just a prefix), compare ma hyooho 'I saw you (sg.)', mazi hyooho 'I saw you (pl.)', and ihyóoho 'I saw him/her/it/them'. For indirect object (also written as
3300-493: The third is suprasegmental , as it has developed from the allophonic variation caused by now-deleted grammatical markers. For example, half-long 'aa' in saada comes from the agglutination * saa+tta+k */sɑːtˑɑk/ "send (saatta-) +(imperative)", and the overlong 'aa' in saada comes from * saa+dak "get+(infinitive)". As for languages that have three lengths, independent of vowel quality or syllable structure, these include Dinka , Mixe , Yavapai and Wichita . An example from Mixe
3360-518: The top half ( ˑ ) may be used to indicate that a sound is "half long". A breve is used to mark an extra-short vowel or consonant. Estonian has a three-way phonemic contrast : Although not phonemic, a half-long distinction can also be illustrated in certain accents of English: Some languages make no distinction in writing. This is particularly the case with ancient languages such as Old English . Modern edited texts often use macrons with long vowels, however. Australian English does not distinguish
3420-425: The underlying form of [ˈfɔʊːʔ] is /ˈfoːlt/ (John Wells says that the vowel is equally correctly transcribed with ⟨ ɔʊ ⟩ or ⟨ oʊ ⟩, not to be confused with GOAT /ʌʊ/, [ɐɤ] ). Furthermore, a vocalized word-final /l/ is often restored before a word-initial vowel, so that fall out [fɔʊl ˈæəʔ] (cf. thaw out [fɔəɹ ˈæəʔ] , with an intrusive /r/ ) is somewhat more likely to contain
3480-446: The verbal complex and are commonly not adjacent to their semantic complements. Some of these have suppletive stems to indicate a plural complement; compare miihax 'with you (sg.)' and miicot 'with you (pl.)'. The Seri language is a head-final language. The verb typically occurs at the end of a clause (after the subject and direct object, in that order), and main clauses typically follow dependent clauses. The possessor precedes
3540-537: The vowel in bad /bæd/ is longer than the vowel in bat /bæt/ . Also compare neat / n iː t / with need / n iː d / . The vowel sound in "beat" is generally pronounced for about 190 milliseconds, but the same vowel in "bead" lasts 350 milliseconds in normal speech, the voiced final consonant influencing vowel length. Cockney English features short and long varieties of the closing diphthong [ɔʊ] . The short [ɔʊ] corresponds to RP /ɔː/ in morphologically closed syllables (see thought split ), whereas
3600-465: Was a Spanish name, but surely it was the name used by another group of the area to refer to the Seris. Nevertheless, modern claims that it is a Yaqui term that means something like "people of the sand" or an Opata term that means "people who run fast" are lacking in factual basis; no evidence has been presented for the former and no credible evidence has been presented for the latter. The name used within
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