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35-603: The municipality of Beemster merged into the municipality of Purmerend on 1 January 2022. The extended municipality has a population of about 92,000. Purmerend was created out of the small fishing village Purmer, which was situated on the land between the Purmermeer ( Purmer Lake ), the Beemstermeer ( Beemster Lake ) and the Wormermeer ( Wormer Lake ) on the south bank of the river De Weere, which used to connect

70-583: A classic example of wetland loss from these combined factors. Europe has likely lost nearly half its wetlands. New Zealand lost 90 percent of its wetlands over a period of 150 years. Ecologists recognize that swamps provide ecological services including flood control, fish production, water purification, carbon storage, and wildlife habitats. In many parts of the world authorities protect swamps. In parts of Europe and North America, swamp restoration projects are becoming widespread. The United States government began enforcing stricter laws and management programs in

105-605: A lake connected with the Zuiderzee . Around 1605 private investors started to drain the Beemster lake. In 1610, this was almost complete, but the lake re-filled because of a breach in the Zuiderzee dikes . It was decided to make the ring-dike a meter high above the surrounding country. In 1612 the polder was dry and the land was divided among the investors. In the earlier days of the polder, farmers occupied its lands for growing

140-417: A never-ending battle against the water, and made agriculture near impossible at the time. It also meant that any structure needed to be built on an artificial Terp or natural hill . This applied to Purmerend which was built on the bank of the river De Where, that linked the former Beemster and Purmer lakes. Purmerend is made up of the following districts. The municipality of Purmerend also contains

175-527: A rectangular shape and was crossed by two roads: one leading north–south, the other east–west. The draining of the Beemster Lake in 1612 and the Purmer Lake in 1622 resulted in a great loss in fishing grounds to Purmerend. However, the new and fertile soil favoured agriculture and livestock breeding , making Purmerend prosperous again. Purmerend now became the centre of an agricultural region,

210-613: A tram ("'t Boemeltje") ran from Amsterdam Centraal to Purmerend, ending at the Tramplein. The end stop retained the name even after the tram service was discontinued. In 1951 The Ramblers had a hit commemorating the tram service "’t Boemeltje van Purmerend". In 2019, the province of North Holland revealed plans to extend the Amsterdam Metro 's Noord-Zuidlijn from Noord station to Purmerend. The municipal council of Purmerend consists of 37 seats, which divided as follows in

245-408: A variety of sources including precipitation, groundwater, tides and/or freshwater flooding. These hydrologic pathways all contribute to how energy and nutrients flow in and out of the ecosystem. As water flows through the swamp, nutrients, sediment and pollutants are naturally filtered out. Chemicals like phosphorus and nitrogen that end up in waterways get absorbed and used by the aquatic plants within

280-401: A very low property value compared to fields, prairies , or woodlands . They have a reputation for being unproductive land that cannot easily be utilized for human activities, other than hunting , trapping , or fishing. Farmers, for example, typically drained swamps next to their fields so as to gain more land usable for planting crops, both historically, and to a lesser extent, presently. On

315-778: Is a forested wetland . Swamps are considered to be transition zones because both land and water play a role in creating this environment. Swamps vary in size and are located all around the world. The water of a swamp may be fresh water , brackish water , or seawater . Freshwater swamps form along large rivers or lakes where they are critically dependent upon rainwater and seasonal flooding to maintain natural water level fluctuations. Saltwater swamps are found along tropical and subtropical coastlines. Some swamps have hammocks , or dry-land protrusions, covered by aquatic vegetation , or vegetation that tolerates periodic inundation or soil saturation. The two main types of swamp are "true" or swamp forests and "transitional" or shrub swamps . In

350-573: Is a former municipality in the Netherlands , in the province of North Holland . The Beemster is the first polder in the Netherlands reclaimed from a lake, the water extracted by windmills between 1609 and 1612. The original well-ordered landscape of fields, roads, canals, and dykes has been preserved intact. A grid of canals parallels the grid of roads in the Beemster. The larger feeder canals are offset by approximately one kilometer from

385-638: Is a large swamp in the western Siberia area of the Russian Federation . This is one of the largest swamps in the world, covering an area larger than Switzerland . The Atchafalaya Swamp at the lower end of the Mississippi River is the largest swamp in the United States . It is an important example of the southern cypress swamp but it has been greatly altered by logging, drainage, and levee construction. Other famous swamps in

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420-720: The Stelling van Amsterdam , another UNESCO World Heritage Site . The Beemster Polder combines two UNESCO World Heritage Sites . The municipal council of Beemster consisted of 13 seats which at the last elections in 2018 divided as follows: The last mayor was Joyce van Beek (CDA). Elections were held in November 2021 for a council for the new merged municipality of Purmerend, that included Beemster, which commenced work in January 2022. Shared locally with other region/s and with Germany and Denmark Swamp A swamp

455-979: The boreal regions of Canada, the word swamp is colloquially used for what is more formally termed a bog , fen , or muskeg . Some of the world's largest swamps are found along major rivers such as the Amazon , the Mississippi , and the Congo . Swamps and marshes are specific types of wetlands that form along waterbodies containing rich, hydric soils. Marshes are wetlands, continually or frequently flooded by nearby running bodies of water, that are dominated by emergent soft-stem vegetation and herbaceous plants. Swamps are wetlands consisting of saturated soils or standing water and are dominated by water-tolerant woody vegetation such as shrubs, bushes, and trees. Swamps are characterized by their saturated soils and slow-moving waters. The water that accumulates in swamps comes from

490-670: The produce of which was sold on the markets of Purmerend. From 1819 till 1824 the Noordhollandsch Kanaal was constructed. It was dug along existing waterways like the Oude Vaart, which connected Purmerend to the IJ opposite Amsterdam, and along canals that connected Purmerend to Alkmaar. On 20 July 1821 the large Schutsluis Purmerend (Purmerend Lock) was completed just west of the city center. The Noordhollandsch Kanaal brought increased prosperity to Purmerend. In 1840

525-526: The towns / hamlets of Purmerbuurt and partially the Purmer . (The Purmer is shared with Edam-Volendam and Waterland ) Public transportation is mainly focused on Amsterdam, with several bus services and a train service via Zaandam . There are 3 train stations in Purmerend, in the north, centre and south. These are: The bus station in Purmerend is called "Tramplein" (or, Tram Square). Historically,

560-549: The 1970s in efforts to protect and restore these ecosystems. Often the simplest steps to restoring swamps involve plugging drainage ditches and removing levees . Conservationists work to preserve swamps such as those in northwest Indiana in the United States Midwest that were preserved as part of the Indiana Dunes . Swamps can be found on all continents except Antarctica . The largest swamp in

595-608: The Beemster polder. Today Beemster Cheese is sold in Europe, as well as the U.S., Canada, Japan, and China. Because of its historical relevance, and as the original structure of the area is still largely intact, the Beemster was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Site list in 1999. Justification for inclusion is as follows: In addition in the Beemster Polder, there are five fortresses as part of

630-719: The United States are the forested portions of the Everglades , Okefenokee Swamp , Barley Barber Swamp , Great Cypress Swamp and the Great Dismal Swamp . The Okefenokee is located in extreme southeastern Georgia and extends slightly into northeastern Florida . The Great Cypress Swamp is mostly in Delaware , but extends into Maryland on the Delmarva Peninsula . Point Lookout State Park on

665-412: The city centre, as well as more room for auction grounds and ease of moving trucks at the new site. Purmerend lies on a swampy and watery area known as Waterland . When the first settlers began cultivating the land, it consisted mostly of turf ( veen ), they dug ditches that run parallel to each other to drain excess water. As a side effect of this process, the land began to sink. This resulted in

700-448: The city was liberated by Canadian and other allied forces on Wednesday 9 May 1945. Purmerend was named Kermisstad van Nederland ( Funfair City of the Netherlands ) in 2003. The city is also well known for its cattle market, the so-called koemarkt (“cow market”), where cattle are sold and traded, mostly cows and sheep . ( 52°30′30″N 4°56′59″E  /  52.50823°N 4.94985°E  / 52.50823; 4.94985 ) After

735-600: The coasts of East Sumatra, Kalimantan (Central, East, South and West Kalimantan provinces), West Papua, Papua New Guinea, Brunei, Peninsular Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, Southeast Thailand, and the Philippines (Riley et al. ,1996). Indonesia has the largest area of tropical peatland. Of the total 440,000 km (170,000 sq mi) tropical peat swamp, about 210,000 km (81,000 sq mi) are located in Indonesia (Page, 2001; Wahyunto, 2006). The Vasyugan Swamp

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770-459: The company Brantjes en Comp, trading in wood, was founded. The Firma Dirk Bakker also started to import wood. Meanwhile, Firma Pont from Edam diverted her imports over Purmerend via the Where river. Ships from Norway, Sweden, Russia and America then started to make direct trips to Purmerend to bring wood. Sometimes 12 of these were present at the same time. The increased commerce and shipping led to

805-467: The creation of an industry that catered for ships. In turn Purmerend merchants started to equip whalers . In 1866 the establishment of a tow service with 7 tugboats by Gebroeders Goedkoop was one of the last highlights of this period. By about 1880 this boom period for Purmerend was ending, because the new North Sea Canal diverted traffic elsewhere. During World War II Purmerend was occupied by German forces on 14 May 1940. After five years of occupation,

840-670: The crops necessary for long sea journeys by the VOC to the East Indies. The farmland was so good that the project was considered an economic success, in contrast to, e.g., the Heerhugowaard . Since 1999 the entire Beemster polder has been on the UNESCO world heritage list. The Beemster polder is home to CONO Kaasmakers, maker of the Beemster brand of cheeses. This co-op was formed in 1901 to create cheese made from milk that comes from

875-471: The elections of November 2021: These were the first elections for the new enlarged municipality that included Beemster. It commenced work on 1 January 2012. Since 22 September 2022 the mayor of Purmerend has been Ellen van Selm. Notable people born in Purmerend: Until 2017, Purmerend was twinned with: Beemster Beemster ( Dutch pronunciation: [ˈbeːmstər] )

910-444: The former Purmermeer and Beemstermeer. Purmerend was founded by a rich banker and landowner from Amsterdam , Willem Eggert . Count William VI of Holland ( Willem VI van Holland ) gave him permission to build a fortified castle , Slot Purmerstein , in 1410. The castle was completed in 1413. This led to the foundation of the town of Purmerend. The castle was demolished in 1741, after it had fallen into decline. In 1434 Purmerend

945-466: The larger roads. Beemster merged into the existing municipality of Purmerend on 1 January 2022. The former municipality of Beemster contained the following small towns and villages: Around 800 AD the area of the modern municipality of Beemster was covered in peat . The name "Beemster" was derived from "Bamestra", the name of a small river in the area. In the period 1150–1250 peat-digging and storm floods enlarged that small river into an inland sea,

980-487: The other hand, swamps can (and do) play a beneficial ecological role in the overall functions of the natural environment and provide a variety of resources that many species depend on. Swamps and other wetlands have shown to be a natural form of flood management and defense against flooding. In such circumstances where flooding does occur, swamps absorb and use the excess water within the wetland, preventing it from traveling and flooding surrounding areas. Dense vegetation within

1015-401: The outbreak of many cattle diseases between 1995 and 2001 the cattle market was closed, but reinstated on a smaller scale in January 2002. After 400 years in a location in central Purmerender, in 2008 the cattle market was moved to the "Baanstee Oost" industrial area, on the north side of Purmerend. This was done for various reasons, including reduced traffic congestion and more parking space in

1050-532: The southern tip of Maryland contains many swamps and marshes. The Great Dismal Swamp lies in extreme southeastern Virginia and extreme northeastern North Carolina . Both are National Wildlife Refuges . Another swamp area, Reelfoot Lake of extreme western Tennessee and Kentucky , was created by the 1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes . Caddo Lake , the Great Dismal and Reelfoot are swamps centered at large lakes. Swamps are often associated with bayous in

1085-618: The swamp also provides soil stability to the land, holding soils and sediment in place whilst preventing erosion and land loss. Swamps are an abundant and valuable source of fresh water and oxygen for all life, and they are often breeding grounds for a wide variety of species. Floodplain swamps are an important resource in the production and distribution of fish. Two thirds of global fish and shellfish are commercially harvested and dependent on wetlands. Historically, humans have been known to drain and/or fill swamps and other wetlands in order to create more space for human development and to reduce

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1120-447: The swamp, purifying the water. Any remaining or excess chemicals present will accumulate at the bottom of the swamp, being removed from the water and buried within the sediment. The biogeochemical environment of a swamp is dependent on its hydrology, affecting the levels and availability of resources like oxygen, nutrients, water pH and toxicity, which will influence the whole ecosystem. Swamps and other wetlands have traditionally held

1155-525: The threat of diseases borne by swamp insects. Wetlands are removed and replaced with land that is then used for things like agriculture, real estate, and recreational uses. Many swamps have also undergone intensive logging and farming, requiring the construction of drainage ditches and canals. These ditches and canals contributed to drainage and, along the coast, allowed salt water to intrude, converting swamps to marsh or even to open water. Large areas of swamp were therefore lost or degraded. Louisiana provides

1190-907: The world is the Amazon River floodplain, which is particularly significant for its large number of fish and tree species. The Sudd and the Okavango Delta are Africa's best known marshland areas. The Bangweulu Floodplains make up Africa's largest swamp. The Mesopotamian Marshes is a large swamp and river system in southern Iraq , traditionally inhabited in part by the Marsh Arabs . In Asia, tropical peat swamps are located in mainland East Asia and Southeast Asia. In Southeast Asia, peatlands are mainly found in low altitude coastal and sub-coastal areas and extend inland for distance more than 100 km (62 mi) along river valleys and across watersheds. They are mostly to be found on

1225-400: Was given city rights and in 1484 “marktrechten”, (the right to organise two “ jaarmarkten ” annual markets and a “ weekmarkt ” weekly market) by Count Jan van Egmond. This meant merchants from outside of Purmerend could sell in the market. Before 1484 only food for its own population could be sold. By 1500 Purmerend had grown considerably, as can be seen on maps from this period. The town had

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