125-931: Qatar Museums (formerly the Qatar Museums Authority ) was founded in 2005 and is a Qatari government entity that oversees the Museum of Islamic Art (MIA) , Mathaf: Arab Museum of Modern Art , MIA Park, QM Gallery at the Katara Cultural Village , ALRIWAQ DOHA Exhibition Space, the Al Zubarah World Heritage Site Visitor Centre, and archaeological projects throughout Qatar, as well as the development of future projects and museums that will highlight its collections across multiple areas of activity including Orientalist art, photography, sports, children's education, and wildlife conservation. Qatar Museums
250-596: A hereditary monarchy by the House of Thani since Mohammed bin Thani signed "an agreement, not a formal treaty" with Britain in 1868 that recognised its separate status. Following Ottoman rule, Qatar became a British protectorate in 1916 and gained independence in 1971. The current emir is Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani , who holds nearly all executive, legislative, and judicial authority in an autocratic manner under
375-813: A major non-NATO ally of the United States. Qatar also has particularly strong ties with France, China, Iran, Turkey, as well as a number of Islamist movements in the Middle East such as the Muslim Brotherhood . The country is an early member of OPEC and a founding member of the Gulf Cooperation Council , as well as a member of the Arab League . Diplomatic missions to Qatar are based in its capital, Doha. Regional relations and foreign policies are characterized by
500-414: A 10-year sentence. Alcohol consumption is partially legal; some five-star luxury hotels are allowed to sell alcohol to non-Muslim customers. Muslims are not allowed to consume alcohol, and those caught consuming it are liable to flogging or deportation. Non-Muslim expatriates can obtain a permit to purchase alcohol for personal consumption. The Qatar Distribution Company (a subsidiary of Qatar Airways )
625-597: A British protectorate on 3 November 1916 when the United Kingdom signed a treaty with Sheikh Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani to bring Qatar under its Trucial System of Administration . The treaty reserved foreign affairs and defence to the United Kingdom but allowed internal autonomy. While Abdullah agreed not to enter into any relations with any other power without the prior consent of the British government,
750-608: A Chinese festival, which was held at the Islamic Museum of Art Park, provided Chinese markets, food stalls, a Chinese teahouse and various performances. The Islamic Museum of Art hosted the Treasures of China exhibition, which highlighted Chinese history and civilization. The photo exhibition “cultures from different angles” featured the work of four Chinese and two Qatari photographers, who traveled for two weeks to each other's home countries to learn about and visually convey
875-633: A Project Award and ten artist a Single Award. The first biennial Design Doha took place in February 2024, featuring over 100 designers from the Middle East and North African region in various applications such as graphic design or architecture. During the first week six exhibitions were opened by Qatar Museums. Three commissioned artworks were presented during the event: Afterimage of the Beginning by Choi Byung-hoon , Desert by Amine El Gotaibi, and Doha Dragon by Joris Laarman . Design Doha awarded prizes in
1000-567: A Roman Catholic church (2008). Qatar's economy and status as a regional power rapidly grew in the 2000s. According to the UN, the nation's economic growth, measured by GDP, was the fastest in the world during this decade. The basis of this growth lay in the exploitation of natural gas in the North Field during the 1990s. At the same time, the population tripled between 2001 and 2011, mostly from an influx of foreigners. In 2003, Qatar served as
1125-521: A broad local and international audience . Located next to the Museum of Islamic Art , ALRIWAQ DOHA is another temporary exhibition space by Qatar Museums covering a total area of 5000 square-meter. Inaugurated in December 2010, ALRIWAQ DOHA provides a venue for local exhibitions by Qatar Museums' museums and departments displaying their historic objects and collections, as well as shows by international artists organized by QM in line with its vision to be
1250-678: A catalyst of arts projects worldwide”. The implementation of cultural policies by the QMA contributed to Doha been named the Arab Capital of Culture in 2010, an initiative taken by the Arab League under the UNESCO. In October 2023 Qatar Museums joined the UNWTO , an organisation promoting sustainable, responsible as well as accessible tourism. The Museum also participated at the 28th Conference of
1375-516: A collaboration with the Seashore Group on 14 February 2024 for "The 3-2-1 Sustainable Obstacle Course Challenge" at the Expo 2023. The NMoQ and Qatar Museum's Department of Archaeology hosted the "Traces of Qatar's Agricultural Past" exhibit at the Expo 2023 House from December 2023 to March 2024. The exhibit depicted Qatar's history of food production before industrial agriculture. To celebrate
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#17327930940001500-507: A consultant for his sons' business into his nineties, before his death in 2019 at age 102. In 2010, World Policy Journal stated that "Didi and his brother are placing their stamp on many of China's greatest cities – from Macau and Hong Kong to Shanghai, Shenzhen and Beijing." According to I. M. Pei, Pei Partnership Architects "came of age" with the Bank of China (BOC) Beijing headquarters project. The PPA's Bank of China Head Office project
1625-581: A cultural instigator seeking to stimulate debate and discussion. The Fire Station : Artists in Residence program is hosted by Qatar Museums Public Arts Department. This program took the iconic old Civil Defense building in Doha and is transforming it into an open space for creativity. Designed by Qatari architect, Ibrahim Al Jaidah, the Fire Station will have 24 studios and a 700 sq. m gallery, housed in
1750-800: A culture other than their own. The Qatar-Germany 2017 Year of Culture was officially opened at the Katara Opera House with a concert of Qatari and German music. The German Embassy, together with the Goethe Institute and the Doha Film Institute , organized the German Film Week at the Museum of Islamic Art. The Minister of Culture and Sports, Salah bin Ghanim Al Ali , paid a visit to Germany's stall at
1875-534: A dispute over Qatar's support of the Muslim Brotherhood , which is considered a terrorist organization by some Arab nations. The diplomatic crisis ended in January 2021 with the signing of AlUla declaration. On 2 October 2020, Qatari authorities strip-searched 13 Australian women on a plane at Hamad International Airport over a premature baby found in a bathroom at the terminal. This caused an international incident with Australia. In September 2023, Qatar mediated
2000-407: A key role in this program, for among its challenges is the wish to mold modernization around local culture and traditions, maintaining Arab and Islamic identity while showing openness towards other cultures. Sheikha Al Mayassa's mission is for Qatar Museums to turn Qatar into a cultural powerhouse. The Economist reported that a trustee said: “Above all, we want the QMA to be a ‘cultural instigator',
2125-546: A mediator, such as for Middle Eastern conflicts; for example, Qatar mediated between the rival Palestinian factions Fatah and Hamas in 2006 and helped unite Lebanese leaders into forming a political agreement during the 2008 crisis. Qatar has also emerged as mediators in African and Asian affairs, notably holding a peace process for Sudan amid the Darfur conflict and facilitating peace talks for Afghanistan , setting up
2250-423: A modesty campaign was launched to remind tourists of the country's restrictive dress code. Female tourists were advised not to wear leggings, miniskirts, sleeveless dresses, or short or tight clothing in public. Men were warned against wearing shorts and singlets. Qatar's international profile and active role in international affairs have led some analysts to identify it as a middle power . Since 2022, it has been
2375-595: A place to play and learn in different galleries that are centred around a central plaza. The name also reflects the intent of the museum, as dadu means play in Arabic. The museum is publicly funded by private donors as well as cooperations like the Turkish Dodus Group or ExxonMobil Qatar. The Dadu Gardens were opened during the Expo 2023 Doha in the Al-Bidda Park. The Orientalist collection is one of
2500-629: A political "office" for the Afghan Taliban to facilitate talks. Ahmed Rashid , writing in the Financial Times , stated that through the office Qatar has "facilitated meetings between the Taliban and many countries and organisations, including the US state department, the UN, Japan, several European governments and non-governmental organisations, all of whom have been trying to push forward
2625-546: A settlement located on the western coast of Qatar, is the most important Ubaid site in the country and is believed to have accommodated a small seasonal encampment. The polity of Dilmun, which is attested to in sources from the 3rd millennium BC onwards, is said to have encompassed Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, and the eastern portion of Saudi Arabia. Some historians have theorized that the Sumerians may have originated from this region. Kassite Babylonian material dating back to
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#17327930940002750-598: A video of the building were released. Third, the Qatar Auto Museum will feature permanent galleries, all centered around the automobile and its development in Qatar with an added center for the restoration of classic cars. The museum was designed by architect Rem Koolhaas (OMA). The Qatar Auto Museum held an exhibition titled "The Bicycle: the Future of Mobility" in partnership with the 2023 Expo Doha . A section of
2875-493: Is a mixture of civil law and Sharia. Sharia is applied to family law, inheritance, and several criminal acts (including adultery, robbery, and murder). In some cases, Sharia-based family courts treat a female's testimony as being worth half that of a man. Codified family law was introduced in 2006. Islamic polygyny is permitted. Judicial corporal punishment is a punishment in Qatar. Only Muslims considered medically fit are liable to have such sentences carried out. Flogging
3000-529: Is a national and international center for sports history, heritage, and knowledge to preserve, store, investigate and exhibit sports and sports objects. It opened to the public on 31 March 2022. In September 2022, the museum hosted an exhibition called "World of Football". In 2022, three new facilities were announced. The first of these facilities is Art Mill: a campus that will include exhibition galleries for modern and contemporary art and space for educational and residential programs. The campus will be built on
3125-574: Is a reflection of the Qatar Foundation 's fourth pillar 'community development' which strives to help foster a progressive society while also enhancing cultural life, protecting Qatar's heritage and addressing immediate social needs in the community. Qatar Museums has repeatedly chosen world-famous foreign architects to design its museums but they insist the architects sought inspiration in Middle Eastern architectural models. The MIA
3250-445: Is employed as a punishment for alcohol consumption or illicit sexual relations. Article 88 of the criminal code declares that the penalty for adultery is 100 lashes. Stoning is a legal punishment in Qatar, and apostasy and homosexuality are crimes punishable by the death penalty ; however, the penalty has not been carried out for either crime. Blasphemy can result in up to seven years in prison, while proselytising can incur
3375-479: Is made up of 30 popularly-elected members and 15 appointed by the emir. It can block legislation with a simple majority and can dismiss ministers, including the prime minister, with a two-thirds vote. The assembly had its first elections in October 2021 after several postponements. According to Qatar's Constitution, Sharia law is the main source of Qatari legislation, although in practice Qatar's legal system
3500-667: Is overseen by a board of trustees headed by Sheikha Al-Mayassa bint Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani . The CEO of QM is Mohammed Al Rumaihi. Qatar Museums also hosted the 2024 GCC meeting, with Al Rumaihi as the chairperson. Qatar Museums is a key implementer of Qatari cultural policies, in cooperation with the Ministry of Culture, Arts and Heritage . Qatar Museums is one of the organizations carrying out Qatar's National Vision 2030 program for comprehensive development, progress and prosperity for Qatar. Heritage-led developments play
3625-574: Is part of creating the bridge between the past and the present advocated by Sheikha Al Mayassa for it is the way to "define ourselves instead of forever being defined by others… celebrating our identity." Located on a 1.5 million-square-foot site at the south end of Doha Corniche , the NMoQ building rises from the sea and is connected to the shore by two pedestrian bridges and a road bridge. The building has an area of 52,000 square meters and holds 11 galleries. The 3-2-1 Qatar Olympic and Sports Museum
3750-419: Is permitted to import alcohol and pork; it operates the only liquor store in the country, which also sells pork to holders of liquor licences. Qatari officials had indicated a willingness to allow alcohol in "fan zones" at the 2022 FIFA World Cup. However, on 18 November, two days before the start of the games, Qatari officials announced alcoholic beverages would not be permitted within the stadiums. In 2014,
3875-724: Is the 29th most peaceful country in the world, according to the 2024 Global Peace Index . Pei Partnership Architects PEI Architects , formerly Pei Partnership Architects , is an international architecture firm based in New York City. Co-founded by the sons of I. M. Pei , Chien Chung (Didi) Pei and Li Chung (Sandi) Pei, in 1992, PEI Architects has specialized in high-profile projects including museums, healthcare facilities, commercial buildings, and high-rise residential towers, as well as urban masterplans and waterfront parks, in North America, Asia, Europe, Africa, and
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4000-414: Is the furthest ahead in thinking about how to develop a contemporary Middle Eastern model", searching for a new paradigm for the museums of the 21st century. All the museums developed by Qatar Museums have included Islamic or Qatari elements either in their architectural design or in their overall concept. In this way its strives in the creation of its own brand trying not to be too commercial. This policy
4125-675: The Arabian Peninsula in the Middle East ; it shares its sole land border with Saudi Arabia to the south, with the rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf . The Gulf of Bahrain , an inlet of the Persian Gulf, separates Qatar from nearby Bahrain . The capital is Doha , home to over 80% of the country's inhabitants. Most of the land area is made up of flat, low-lying desert . Qatar has been ruled as
4250-621: The Banu Utba tribe from Kuwait , Al Zubarah's location in the central Persian Gulf predestined it to become the premier pearling and trading town in this region after the demise of Basra in Iraq. Covering an area of 60 hectares, Al Zubarah Archaeological Site is the first entry for a Qatari site on the international register and one of 911 natural and cultural properties worldwide. First excavations in Al Zubarah were undertaken in 1980 by
4375-482: The Constitution of Qatar . He appoints the prime minister and cabinet . The partially-elected Consultative Assembly can block legislation and has a limited ability to dismiss ministers. In early 2017, the population of Qatar was two point 6 million, although only 313,000 of them are Qatari citizens and 2.3 million being expatriates and migrant workers . Its official religion is Islam . The country has
4500-648: The Deutsche Bank Collection exhibited "German Encounters", a collection of German contemporary art . On the occasion of the Qatar-Russia 2018 Year of Culture, a friendly football match between politicians and artists from Qatar and Russia was held in Moscow's Red Square on the sidelines of the 2018 FIFA World Cup . The two countries exchanged knowledge and ideas as part of the Year of Culture at
4625-669: The Israel–Hamas war , Qatar Museum postponed its planned festivals and events as a sign of Palestinian solidarity, stating that "this is not a moment to celebrate.", while also projecting the Palestinian flag on the exterior of the NMoQ and the MIA. Together with Qatar Red Crescent the museum organized a weekly fundraiser named "Art for Peace in Support of Palestine" from January 2024 to March 2024. The fundraiser aims to raise awareness for
4750-423: The Katara Cultural Village , Building 10, the gallery is a platform for the upcoming museums in Qatar to present their collections , projects , and visions. The gallery also hosts exhibitions of Qatari artists and organizes international exhibitions. The wide range of the exhibitions – such as photography, archaeology , art, sports , architecture and sculpture – makes Qatar Museums Gallery a place of encounter for
4875-543: The Museum of Islamic art (MIA), putting themselves in line with other museum developments in the area such as Abu Dhabi's (UAE) projected Guggenheim Abu Dhabi and Louvre Abu Dhabi . Critics such as Hans-Ulrich Obrist , director of London's Serpentine Gallery , have argued that Doha takes a different approach to museums from that of Abu Dhabi, aspiring to a new model that does not "copy existing models or replicate western museums, but acknowledges local difference". Martyn Best, director of Cultural Innovations said that "Qatar
5000-835: The Qatari Emiri Land Forces , 2,500 in the Navy , 2,000 in the Air Force , and 5,000 in the Internal Security Forces. In 2008 Qatar spent US$ 2.3 billion on its military, which was 2.3% of the GDP, and its military spending increased to US$ 7.49 billion as of 2022. After the Arab spring events in 2011 and a diplomatic incident with Saudi Arabia and other Gulf countries in 2014, Qatar started expanding its armed forces. The country introduced conscription in 2013,
5125-584: The United Arab Emirates . Under an agreement with the United Kingdom, on 3 September 1971, the "special treaty arrangements" that were "inconsistent with full international responsibility as a sovereign and independent state" were terminated. In 1991, Qatar played a significant role in the Gulf War , particularly during the Battle of Khafji in which Qatari tanks rolled through the streets of
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5250-560: The United States Central Command headquarters and one of the main launching sites of the invasion of Iraq . In March 2005, a suicide bombing killed a British teacher at the Doha Players Theatre, shocking the country, which had not previously experienced acts of terrorism. The bombing was carried out by Omar Ahmed Abdullah Ali, an Egyptian resident in Qatar who had suspected ties to Al-Qaeda in
5375-650: The local dialect it is [ˈɡɪtˤɑr] . English speakers use different approximate pronunciations of the name as the Arabic pronunciations use sounds not often used in English. Human habitation in Qatar dates back to 50,000 years ago. Settlements and tools dating back to the Stone Age have been unearthed in the peninsula. Mesopotamian artifacts originating from the Ubaid period (c. 6500–3800 BC) have been discovered in abandoned coastal settlements. Al Da'asa ,
5500-524: The 2024 International Museum Day , Qatar Museums offered free admission to all QM museums for two days in May. In Addition, the 3-2-1 Qatar Olympic Sports Museum organized the "International Museum Day: The Power of Museums in Building a Sustainable Future" event and the MIA hosted the "International Museum Day: Shapes and Structures" workshop in cooperation with sculptor Adam Williamson. In October 2023, due to
5625-597: The 21st century, Qatar emerged as both a major non-NATO ally of the United States and a middle power in the Arab world. Its economy has risen rapidly through its resource-wealth, and its geopolitical power has risen through its media group, Al Jazeera Media Network , and reported support for rebel groups financially during the Arab Spring . Qatar also forms part of the Gulf Cooperation Council . Pliny
5750-491: The 7th International Cultural Forum in Saint Petersburg , with Qatar, a first-time attendee, being the guest of honor. At the "Identify Qatar: (No) Limits of Architecture" conference city planners discussed pioneering architectural projects in Qatar and looked at its most spectacular buildings. Furthermore, numerous art and design exhibitions were held including the publicly celebrated exhibition "Pearls, Treasures from
5875-689: The ALRIWAQ Gallery and from April 2022 to January 2023 the National Museum of Qatar hosted the "A Sneak Peek at Qatar Auto Museum Project" exhibition, with a second showcase being held from October 2022 to December 2023 at the Al Zubarah Fort. Announced during the 2023 La Biennale di Venezia the Museum designed by the Dutch UNStudios is set to open in 2026. According to Qatar Museums, the museum wants to provide children
6000-426: The Al Zubarah Trashboom Project. The project launched several so-called Trash Booms around Al Zubarah, with the aim to reduce ocean pollution and the subsequent need for beach cleanings. Qatar Museums' Public art department is responsible for creating an artist residency program for young local artists to help them develop their skills and horizons, organizing exhibitions featuring international artists and overseeing
6125-435: The Arab tribes in the region converted to Islam. In the middle of the century, the Muslim conquest of Persia resulted in the fall of the Sasanian Empire. Qatar was described as a famous horse and camel breeding centre during the Umayyad period. In the 8th century, it started benefiting from its commercially strategic position in the Persian Gulf and went on to become a centre of pearl trading. Substantial development in
6250-470: The Arabian Peninsula . The increased influence of Qatar and its role during the Arab Spring , especially during the Bahraini uprising in 2011 , worsened longstanding tensions with Saudi Arabia , the neighboring United Arab Emirates, and Bahrain. In 2010, Qatar won the right to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup , making it the first country in the Middle East to be selected to host the tournament. The awarding increased further investment and developments within
6375-420: The Arabian coast up to Al Hassa came under the rule and influence of the Portuguese empire. Attempts by the Ottomans to dominate the region were eliminated with the reconquest of the castle of Tarout or Al Qatif in 1551. Archaeological finds are still being excavated from one of the Portuguese fortresses that served as a base to dominate the region as Ruwayda . The first representation of Qatar appears on
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#17327930940006500-427: The Bank of China Head Office building in Beijing; the Macau Science Center ; and the Suzhou Museum. In designing the Suzhou Museum, both Chien Chung and Li Chung Pei were closely involved with their father in selecting every rock and tree used in the gardens. While I. M. Pei designed the Museum of Islamic Art in Doha , Qatar, Pei Partnership Architects worked with Qatar Museums Authority (QMA) landscape architects on
6625-422: The Doha International Book Fair, where Germany was the guest of honor. Siemens Qatar hosted an event for women on the theme of "Culture and Innovation" on International Women's Day. Furthermore, the German Embassy, the Goethe-Institut and the museums of Qatar organized a friendly match between women soccer teams from Germany and Qatar. In addition, Al Riwaq Gallery held the exhibition "Driven by German Design" while
6750-423: The Elder , a Roman writer, documented the earliest account pertaining to the inhabitants of the peninsula around the mid-first century AD, referring to them as the Catharrei , a designation that may have derived from the name of a prominent local settlement. A century later, Ptolemy produced the first known map to depict the peninsula, referring to it as Catara . The map also referenced a town named "Cadara" to
6875-402: The Guanajuato State Library in León, Mexico . The two brothers collaborated on designing the new chancery building for the Embassy of the People's Republic of China in Washington, D.C. According to C. C. Pei, the firm received about $ 4 million for its work in overseeing the design of the Chinese Embassy. Other major collaborative projects, also involving their father, included the design of
7000-405: The Libyan government and special forces to provide training to Libyan rebels. During the Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war in September 2015, Qatar sent 1,000 troops, 200 armored vehicles, and 30 Apache helicopters to assist with Saudi military operations. As a result of the diplomatic crisis with Saudi Arabia that began in June 2017, Qatar withdrew its forces from Yemen. Qatar
7125-440: The Middle East . Qatari law does not permit the establishment of political bodies or trade unions. The eighth emir of Qatar is Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani . The emir has the exclusive power to appoint the prime minister and cabinet ministers who, together, constitute the Council of Ministers, which is the supreme executive authority in the country. The Council of Ministers also initiates legislation. The Consultative Assembly
7250-644: The Middle East. Major projects have included the Chinese Embassy in Washington, D.C. , the Bank of China Head Office in Beijing , the Suzhou Museum , the Centurion luxury condominium in New York City, and many others. Didi and Sandi Pei founded Pei Partnership Architects (PPA) in 1992, after working for their father's firm. Both brothers earned master's degrees in architecture from the Harvard University Graduate School of Design , and gained experience in large-scale building design projects at I. M. Pei & Partners, which became Pei Cobb Freed & Partners after their father retired in 1990. I. M. Pei worked as
7375-427: The National Council of Culture, Arts and Heritage and between 2002 and 2005 by Qatar Museums. Since 2009 a joint project between Copenhagen University and QM, the so-called Qatar Islamic Archaeology and Heritage Project, has led to large-scale excavations and restorations, as well as to historical, anthropological and environmental research efforts in Al Zubarah and its hinterland. In April 2024, Qatar Museum announced
7500-416: The Ottomans refused to aid Al Thani in his expedition of Abu Dhabi-occupied Khor Al Adaid and offered only limited support in the Qatari–Abu Dhabi War , mainly due to fear of British intervention on Abu Dhabi's side. In addition, the Ottomans supported the Ottoman subject Mohammed bin Abdul Wahab who attempted to supplant Al Thani as kaymakam of Qatar in 1888. This eventually led Al Thani to rebel against
7625-422: The Ottomans was met with refusal. In March, Mehmed imprisoned Jassim's brother and 13 prominent Qatari tribal leaders on the Ottoman corvette Merrikh as punishment for his insubordination. After Mehmed declined an offer to release the captives for a fee of 10,000 liras , he ordered a column of approximately 200 troops to advance towards Jassim's Al Wajbah Fort under the command of Yusuf Effendi, thus signalling
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#17327930940007750-564: The Ottomans, whom he believed were seeking to usurp control of the peninsula. He resigned as kaymakam and stopped paying taxes in August 1892. In February 1893, Mehmed Hafiz Pasha arrived in Qatar in the interests of seeking unpaid taxes and accosting Jassim bin Mohammed's opposition to proposed Ottoman administrative reforms. Fearing that he would face death or imprisonment, Jassim retreated to Al Wajbah (16 km or 10 mi west of Doha), accompanied by several tribe members. Mehmed's demand that Jassim disband his troops and pledge his loyalty to
7875-405: The Portuguese map by Luis Lázaro in 1563, showing the "city of Qatar" as a fortress, possibly referring to the fort of Ruwayda. Having retained a negligible military presence in the area, the Ottomans were expelled by the Bani Khalid tribe and their emirate in 1670. In 1766, members of the Al Khalifa family of the Utub tribal confederation migrated from Kuwait to Zubarah in Qatar. By
8000-415: The Seas and Rivers", which premiered 20 newly added pieces and was held at the State Historical Museum in Moscow. The Embassy of Qatar in Moscow organized a pop-up event of Qatari culture and food during the Russian summer music festival Afisha Picnic . Qatari Qatar , officially the State of Qatar , is a country in West Asia . It occupies the Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of
8125-640: The Sea” exhibition in Kobe , Japan. The highlight event of Qatar Japan 2012 was "Qatar Week: Ferjaan in Tokyo" at Roppongi Hills , Tokyo, Japan, which was an occasion to foster understanding of Qatari culture and achievement, and offered opportunities for Japanese public to interact with Qatar through a variety of cultural activities. Qatar UK 2013 was a project coordinated by the British Council and Qatar Museums, in association with several partners, including leading arts and education institutions in both countries. As well as building new relationships and supporting existing partnerships in education, sport and science,
8250-426: The Second World War with the independence of India, the creation of Pakistan in 1947, and the development of oil in Qatar. In 1949, the appointment of the first British political officer in Doha, John Wilton, signified a strengthening of Anglo-Qatari relations. Oil exports began in 1949, and oil revenues became the country's main source of revenue; the pearl trade had gone into decline. These revenues were used to fund
8375-514: The State of Qatar and the Federative Republic of Brazil through culture, community, and sport. Qatar Brazil 2014 was announced in Brasilia on 18 December 2013 during Qatar National Day celebrations at the Qatar embassy in Brasilia, this cultural program aimed to strengthen bilateral relations and create lasting partnerships between Qatar and Brazil by working with partners and sponsors to bring exhibitions, festivals, competitions, and other cultural exchange activities to both countries. Qatar Brazil 2014
8500-402: The US-Iran prisoners swap deal. Iran freed five Americans in exchange for five Iranians held in the US and transfer $ 6 billion in frozen Iranian money from South Korea to Qatar. In October 2023 United States President Joe Biden thanked the Qatar's Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani for his help in mediating a landmark prisoner swap deal with Iran. On September 24, 2024, Qatar was designated as
8625-414: The United States, making its air force one of the largest among the Gulf states. The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) found that in 2010–2014 Qatar was the 46th-largest arms importer in the world. SIPRI writes that Qatar's plans to transform and significantly enlarge its armed forces have accelerated. In 2015, Qatar was the 16th largest arms importer in the world, and in 2016, it
8750-407: The Wahhabi in 1788, Saud ibn Abd al-Aziz moved to expand Wahhabi territory eastward towards the Persian Gulf and Qatar. After defeating the Bani Khalid in 1795, the Wahhabi were attacked on two fronts. The Ottomans and Egyptians assaulted the western front, while the Al Khalifa in Bahrain and the Omanis launched an attack against the eastern front. Upon being made aware of the Egyptian advance on
8875-441: The adjacent 70-acre (28 ha) Museum of Islamic Art Park. Projects led by Didi Pei for Pei Partnership Architects have included the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center , which was done in collaboration with Perkins+Will . He also led the design of the United States National Slavery Museum in Fredericksburg, Virginia , after the firm was appointed by the former governor of Virginia, Douglas Wilder ; as of December 2022
9000-732: The alliance, a "Qatar” Street was inaugurated in an area on the European side of Istanbul . At the Museum of Islamic Art Park in Doha, a Turkish festival and bazaar featured Turkish music and dance, an open air photo exhibition and cinema and a Turkish teahouse. Several art exhibitions were held, including one in Istanbul about beaded jewelry from Qatar and around the world and the Harem Al Sultan exhibition in Qatar. The joint exhibition "Artistic Journeys: New Angles; New Perspectives" displayed
9125-464: The artist's first public work in the Middle East. MIA Park hosts public activities such as film screenings, sport events, musical events and public programs. Starting in 2012, a bazaar was held once a month at the park excluding the summer months. From 2014 on it was held twice a week. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic it was paused from 2022 until 2023. The new National Museum of Qatar (NMoQ) opened to
9250-554: The caliphate's prosperity declined in Iraq, so too did it in Qatar. Qatar is mentioned in 13th-century Muslim scholar Yaqut al-Hamawi 's book, Mu'jam Al-Buldan , which alludes to the Qataris' fine striped woven cloaks and their skills in improvement and finishing of spears. Much of eastern Arabia was controlled by the Usfurids in 1253, but control of the region was seized by the prince of Ormus in 1320. Qatar's pearls provided
9375-459: The categories Furniture Design, Interior Design, Product Design and Craft at the end of the event. Since its establishment, Qatar Museums has managed several archaeological and architectural conservation projects such as surveys, excavations , restoration , rehabilitation projects. These efforts helped uncover, document, protect and promote many archaeological sites , forts , towers , mosques and old buildings across Qatar preserving, therefore,
9500-629: The collection from the museum was showcased at the 2023 Geneva Motor Show in Qatar. The president of the museum is Hessa Al Jaber . Exhibitions showcasing the plans and designs were also held for each museum. The exhibition for the Art Mill Museum was held at the Qatar Flour Mills Warehouse October 2022 to March 2023, the exhibition for the Lusail Museum was opened from November 2022 to April 2023 at
9625-506: The country from his father Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani , with the support of the armed forces and cabinet, as well as neighbouring states and France. Under Emir Hamad, Qatar experienced a moderate degree of liberalisation, including the launch of the Al Jazeera television station (1996), the endorsement of women's suffrage or right to vote in municipal elections (1999), drafting its first written constitution (2005) and inauguration of
9750-739: The country's culture and heritage. The historic school Al-Jamiliya was restored by the Qatar Museum’s Architectural Conservation Department between summer 2023 and May 2024 and will be used for cultural events. Qatar also supports archaeological sites in Sudan through the Qatar-Sudan Archaeological Project, with QM helping transport people to the sites as well as supporting Sudanese academic institutions. Al Zubarah lies approximately 100 km north-west of Doha. Founded in ca. 1760 by
9875-399: The east of the peninsula. The term "Catara" (inhabitants, Cataraei ) was exclusively used until the 18th century, after which "Katara" emerged as the most commonly recognised spelling. Eventually, after several variations—"Katr", "Kattar" and "Guttur"—the modern derivative Qatar was adopted as the country's name. In Standard Arabic , the name is pronounced [ˈqɑtˤɑr] , while in
10000-718: The events in Gaza. In May 2024 the museum held an "Art for Peace" charity auction at the MIA. The raised funds are used to provide humanitarian aid to the Gaza Strip. 2012 marked 40 years of positive diplomatic relations between the state of Qatar and Japan. To celebrate this, a year-long series of cultural, sporting and business related activities were held under the banner of Qatar Japan 2012. The program put together for this year included exhibitions, events and activities in both countries such as Takashi Murakami ’s exhibition " Ego " at ALRIWAQ DOHA exhibition space and "Pearls: Jewels from
10125-491: The expansion and modernisation of Qatar's infrastructure. When Britain officially announced in 1968 that it would withdraw from the Persian Gulf in three years' time, Qatar joined talks with Bahrain and seven other Trucial States to create a federation. Regional disputes, however, persuaded Qatar and Bahrain to withdraw from the talks and become independent states separate from the Trucial States, which went on to become
10250-507: The first Arab and Muslim-majority country to do so, and the third Asian country to host it following the 2002 FIFA World Cup in Japan and South Korea. Qatar is officially a semi-constitutional monarchy , but the wide powers retained by the monarchy have it bordering an absolute monarchy ruled by the Al Thani family . The Al Thani dynasty has been ruling Qatar since the family house
10375-471: The first Gulf country to join the U.S. Visa Waiver Program (VWP), allowing its citizens to travel to the United States for up to 90 days for business or tourism without a visa. The inclusion strengthens security cooperation between the two nations and eases travel for Qatari citizens. U.S. citizens are now permitted to stay in Qatar for up to 90 days without a visa, an increase from the previous 30-day limit. The Qatar Armed Forces consist of 12,000 personnel in
10500-606: The first Gulf state to do so in recent years. It is mandatory for Qatari male citizens to serve for up to 4 months, though not all of them are called up. The national service term was extended to one year in 2018. About 2,000 conscripts pass through the Qatar Armed Forces annually. Military service has become more popular in Qatar due to the recent tensions with Saudi Arabia and the UAE. Since 2017, Qatar has also purchased large quantities of equipment from European countries and
10625-530: The fourth-highest GDP (PPP) per capita in the world and the eleventh-highest GNI per capita (Atlas method) . It ranks 42nd in the Human Development Index , the third-highest HDI in the Arab world . It is a high-income economy , backed by the world's third-largest natural gas reserves and oil reserves. Qatar is one of the world's largest exporters of liquefied natural gas and the world's largest emitter of carbon dioxide per capita. In
10750-574: The governor of the Ottoman Vilayet of Baghdad , Midhat Pasha , the ruling Al Thani tribe submitted to Ottoman rule in 1871. The Ottoman government imposed reformist ( Tanzimat ) measures concerning taxation and land registration to fully integrate these areas into the empire. Despite the disapproval of local tribes, Al Thani continued supporting the Ottoman rule. Qatari-Ottoman relations stagnated, and in 1882 they suffered further setbacks when
10875-476: The idea of peace talks." It played a major role in establishing the first ceasefire in the 2023 Israel-Hamas war and the concurrent initial hostage exchange. These high-risk diplomatic middle man endeavors (and its own rigorous defense stance) have thus earned it a reputation as "a prickly Switzerland ". In June 2017, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Bahrain, Egypt and Yemen broke diplomatic ties with Qatar, accusing Qatar of supporting terrorism . The crisis escalated
11000-548: The installation of artwork by renowned artists in the public realm in Qatar. Sheikha Al Mayassa Bint Hamad Al Thani, QM Chairperson has said: “Through displaying various forms of art in public space, we aim to inspire local talent and establish an organic connection between art and the local community.” The remit of Qatar Museums goes beyond developing museums and art galleries and restoring archaeological sites to other activities, such as organizing and sponsoring various events locally and internationally. Notable examples of these are:
11125-644: The kingdom with one of its main sources of income. In 1515, Manuel I of Portugal vassalised the Kingdom of Ormus. Portugal went on to seize a significant portion of eastern Arabia in 1521. In 1550, the inhabitants of Al-Hasa voluntarily submitted to the rule of the Ottomans , preferring them to the Portuguese. After the fall of the Jabrid Dynasty with the conquest of Bahrain by the Portuguese,
11250-657: The latter guaranteed the protection of Qatar from aggression by sea and provide its 'good offices' in the event of an attack by land. This latter undertaking was left deliberately vague. On 5 May 1935, while agreeing an oil concession with the Anglo-Persian Oil Company , Abdullah signed another treaty with the British government which granted Qatar protection against internal and external threats. Oil reserves were first discovered in 1939. Exploitation and development were, however, delayed by World War II . The focus of British interests in Qatar changed after
11375-575: The latter part of the Christian era, Qatar comprised a region known as 'Beth Qatraye' ( Syriac for "house of the Qataris"). The region was not limited to Qatar; it also included Bahrain , Tarout Island , Al-Khatt, and Al-Hasa . In 628, the Islamic prophet Muhammad sent a Muslim envoy to a ruler in eastern Arabia named Munzir ibn Sawa Al-Tamimi and requested that he and his subjects accept Islam. Munzir obliged his request, and accordingly most of
11500-533: The maritime Qatari–Bahraini War of 1867–68, in which Bahraini and Abu Dhabi forces sacked and looted Doha and Al Wakrah. The Bahraini hostilities were in violation of the Perpetual Truce of Peace and Friendship of 1861. The joint incursion, in addition to the Qatari counter-attack, prompted British Political Resident, Colonel Lewis Pelly to impose a settlement in 1868. His mission to Bahrain and Qatar and
11625-448: The most significant collections of Orientalist art ever assembled in the world. It is the only institution in the world dedicated solely to Orientalist art. It comprises paintings, watercolours , sculptures and drawings, which trace Orientalism back to the early 16th century. The Orientalist collection aims to map an influential period in art history through future programmes and exhibitions and further appreciation and understanding of
11750-517: The museum remains unbuilt. Since founding PPA, Sandi Pei led projects including the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China headquarters in Beijing, and The Centurion, the firm's first ground-up building in New York City. PEI Architects has also undertaken large-scale urban development projects in the U.S., Mexico, China, Indonesia, and Singapore. In 2009, Pei Partnership Architects received
11875-463: The nation during the 2010s. In June 2013, Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani became the emir of Qatar after his father handed over power. Sheikh Tamim has prioritised improving the domestic welfare of citizens, which includes establishing advanced healthcare and education systems, and expanding the country's infrastructure in preparation for the hosting of the 2022 World Cup. Qatar hosted the 2022 FIFA World Cup from 21 November to 18 December, becoming
12000-473: The old garage, to be used by artists participating in the program as well as the local community. It will also host a café, restaurant, bookshop, art supply shop, a cinema, and artist facilities. This project "will allow for cultural dialogue and exchange between artists living in Qatar and the rest of the world." The rolling nine-month program will be open to Qataris and other artists in the Persian Gulf region, as well as international artists based in Qatar. M7
12125-791: The organization of the Doha Tribeca Film Festival in 2009, the installation of a Louise Bourgeois giant sculpture in the Qatar National Convention Center , the sponsoring of the World Cinema Foundation , the sponsoring of exhibitions abroad by international artists including Japanese artist Takashi Murakami 's exhibition in Château de Versailles , and English artist and art collector Damien Hirst 's exhibition at Tate Modern in 2012. The 3-2-1 Qatar Olympic Sports Museum signed
12250-417: The outbreak of World War I , nothing was done to carry this out, and the garrison remained in the fort at Doha, although its numbers dwindled as men deserted. In 1915, with the presence of British gunboats in the harbour, Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani (who was pro-British) persuaded the remainder to abandon the fort, and when British troops approached the following morning they found it deserted. Qatar became
12375-670: The parties in late 2023. The Qatar Museums Authority was the bid leader for Qatar's successful candidature to join the UNESCO World Heritage Committee in 2011. Qatar also had its first World Heritage site, Al Zubarah Archaeological Site, inscribed during the afternoon session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee on 22 June 2013 in Phom Penh , Cambodia. Qatar Museums' museums have received worldwide attention, particularly
12500-735: The pearling industry around the Qatari Peninsula occurred during the Abbasid era. Ships voyaging from Basra to India and China would make stops in Qatar's ports during this period. Chinese porcelain , West African coins, and artefacts from Thailand have been discovered in Qatar. Archaeological remains from the 9th century suggest that Qatar's inhabitants used greater wealth to construct higher quality homes and public buildings. Over 100 stone-built houses, two mosques, and an Abbasid fort were constructed in Murwab during this period. When
12625-604: The photographic works of Qatari and Turkish photographers. The Qatar-China 2016 Year of Culture opened in Doha with a Jiang’nan style show organized by Qatar Museums, the Ministry of Culture of the People's Republic of China and the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Culture. During China-Qatar 2016 Year of Culture, museums and galleries in Doha presented a series of cultural and artistic exhibitions featuring ancient and modern Chinese art . Additionally,
12750-610: The power of culture to transcend differences and cross artificial barriers" inscribing it in the Qatar Foundation's fourth pillar. Adjacent to the Museum of Islamic Art is the MIA Park, a 280,000 square meter seafront, crescent-shaped park designed by the Pei Partnership Architects of New York City. It includes a sculpture plaza featuring a commissioned work by US Artist Richard Serra titled "7” ,
12875-635: The projects at M7. Other exhibition included "A Chance To Breathe" at M7, "I Am The Traveler And Also The Road" at the Mathaf, Hadeer Omar's "And Thereafter" at the Al Koot Fort as well as Mashael Al Hejazi's "My Mother Lulwa’s House" at Majlis Barahat Al Jufairi. During the event, the annual Sheikh Saoud Al Thani Project Award and the Sheikh Saoud Al Thani Single Image Award were handed out, with six artist receiving
13000-399: The public on March 28, 2019. The museum features an innovative design by Pritzker Prize -winning architect Jean Nouvel that is inspired by the desert rose and grows organically around the original 20th century palace of Sheikh Abdullah Bin Jassim Al Thani . This important monument to Qatar's past is now preserved as the heart of the new NMoQ. The relation between the new and old building
13125-714: The region. In 2011, Qatar joined NATO operations in Libya and reportedly armed Libyan opposition groups. It was also a major funder of weapons for rebel groups in the Syrian civil war . Qatar participated in the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen against the Houthis and forces loyal to former President Ali Abdullah Saleh . Since the 2000s, Qatar increasingly emerged on a wider foreign policy stage especially as
13250-513: The relationship between East and West. Significant artworks are loaned to international museums for exhibitions on a regular basis. Work is also displayed in exhibitions organised by the Orientalist collection in Doha and abroad. There was previously an intention to create an Orientalist Museum, however as of 2019 this proposal is on hold. QM Gallery was founded in 2010 as a space for temporary exhibitions organized by Qatar Museums. Located in
13375-452: The resulting peace treaty were milestones because they implicitly recognised the distinctness of Qatar from Bahrain and explicitly acknowledged the position of Mohammed bin Thani. In addition to censuring Bahrain for its breach of agreement, Pelly negotiated with Qatari sheikhs who were represented by Mohammed bin Thani. The negotiations were the first stage in the development of Qatar as a sheikhdom. Under military and political pressure from
13500-619: The safe passage of Mehmed Pasha's cavalry to Hofuf by land. Although Qatar did not gain full independence from the Ottoman Empire, the result of the battle forced a treaty that would later form the basis of Qatar's emerging as an autonomous country within the empire. By the Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1913 , the Ottomans agreed to renounce their claim to Qatar and withdraw their garrison from Doha. However, with
13625-620: The second millennium BC found in Al Khor Islands attests to trade relations between the inhabitants of Qatar and the Kassites in modern-day Bahrain. Among the findings were crushed snail shells and Kassite potsherds. It has been suggested that Qatar is the earliest known site of shellfish dye production, owing to a Kassite purple dye industry which existed on the coast. In 224 AD, the Sasanian Empire gained control over
13750-407: The site of a historic flour mill and designed by architect Alejandro Aravena (Elemental) and it is expected to open in 2030. In addition, the Lusail Museum, designed by Jacques Herzog ( Herzog & De Meuron ), will feature a large collection of Oriental drawings, paintings, photographs, sculptures and applied arts. The Director of the Museum is Dr. Julia Gonnella . In February 2024 new photos and
13875-469: The start of the Battle of Al Wajbah . Effendi's troops came under heavy gunfire by a sizable troop of Qatari infantry and cavalry shortly after arriving at Al Wajbah. They retreated to Shebaka fortress where they were again forced to draw back from a Qatari incursion. After they withdrew to Al Bidda fortress, Jassim's advancing column besieged the fortress, resulting in the Ottomans' concession of defeat and agreement to relinquish their captives in return for
14000-415: The strategy of balancing and alliance building among regional and great powers. It maintains independent foreign policy and engages in regional balancing to secure its strategic priorities and to have recognition on the regional and international level. As a comparatively small state in the gulf, Qatar established an "open-door" foreign policy where Qatar maintains ties to all parties and regional players in
14125-564: The territories surrounding the Persian Gulf. Qatar played a role in the commercial activity of the Sasanids, contributing at least two commodities: precious pearls and purple dye. Under the Sasanid reign, many of the inhabitants in eastern Arabia were introduced to Christianity following the eastward dispersal of the religion by Mesopotamian Christians. Monasteries were constructed and further settlements were founded during this era. During
14250-544: The time of their arrival, the Bani Khalid exercised weak authority over the peninsula, notwithstanding the fact that the largest village was ruled by their distant kin. In 1783, Qatar-based Bani Utbah clans and allied Arab tribes invaded and annexed Bahrain from the Persians. The Al Khalifa imposed their authority over Bahrain and retained their jurisdiction over Zubarah. Following his swearing-in as crown prince of
14375-487: The town and forcing hundreds of residents to flee. In 1825, the House of Thani was established with Sheikh Mohammed bin Thani as the first leader. Although Qatar was considered a dependency of Bahrain, the Al Khalifa faced opposition from the local tribes. In 1867, the Al Khalifa, along with the ruler of Abu Dhabi , sent a massive naval force to Al Wakrah in an effort to crush the Qatari rebels. This resulted in
14500-468: The town and provided fire support for Saudi Arabian National Guard units that were engaging Iraqi Army troops. Qatar allowed coalition troops from Canada to use the country as an airbase to launch aircraft on combat air patrol duty and also permitted air forces from the United States and France to operate in its territories. In 1995, Emir Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani seized control of
14625-662: The western frontier in 1811, the Wahhabi amir reduced his garrisons in Bahrain and Zubarah in order to redeploy his troops. Said bin Sultan , ruler of Muscat , capitalised on this opportunity and raided the Wahhabi garrisons on the eastern coast, setting fire to the fort in Zubarah. The Al Khalifa was effectively returned to power thereafter. As punishment for piracy, an East India Company vessel bombarded Doha in 1821, destroying
14750-401: The year aimed to promote an awareness and appreciation of culture, achievements and heritage, and increased engagement between people and institutions in both countries in the spirit of innovation, openness and learning. The events and activities were taking place in both Qatar and the United Kingdom. Qatar Brazil 2014 was a year-long cultural exchange programme dedicated to connecting people in
14875-518: Was established by Qatar Museums in 2022 and is located in the district of Msheireb in Doha. The name consist of an "M" for Mshereib and a "7" for the seven principles QM aims to achieve with the project. The M7 building contains shops, cafes, studios as well as co-working spaces. Exhibitions held at the building include "Design Exhibit 2023", "ICONE: Voices of Design Made in Italy" and " Christian Dior : Designer of Dreams". The Tasweer Photo Festival Qatar
15000-466: Was established in 1825. In 2003, Qatar adopted a constitution that provided for the direct election of 30 of the 45 members of a legislature. The constitution was overwhelmingly approved in a referendum, with almost 98% in favour. Despite this, the government remains authoritarian . According to the V-Dem Democracy indices Qatar is 2023 the second least electoral democratic country in
15125-439: Was established in 2021 by Qatar Museums. The festival is meant to increase acknowledgment of the photographic communities in Qatar, Western Asia and North Africa. It is made up of various exhibitions, presentations and workshops, as well as awards and commissions and takes place every two years, with the second event running from March to May 2023. The festival also collaborated with Doha Fashion Fridays in 2023, showcasing works from
15250-407: Was held under the patronage of QM Chairperson Sheikha Al Mayassa bint Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, in partnership with Qatar's Ministry of Culture, Arts and Heritage. The year officially commenced on 27 January 2014 with a launch reception at the Museum of Islamic Art in Doha. The Qatar-Turkey 2015 Year of Cultural Exchange opened with a Turkish gala at the Museum of Islamic Art in Doha. As a symbol of
15375-413: Was opened in 2008. The museum includes two floors of permanent exhibition galleries, one main temporary gallery, two outdoor courtyards overlooking the city's skyline, an education center, a library, as well as a vast atrium area with a café and a gift shop. Jodidio, author of the first publication on MIA describes it as the development that will "bridge the gap between tradition and modernity, highlighting
15500-475: Was the 11th largest, according to SIPRI. Qatar has signed defense pacts with the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. The forward headquarters of United States Central Command , Al Udeid Air Base , is located in Qatar and houses about 10,000 American military personnel. During the 2011 military intervention in Libya , Qatar deployed six Mirage 2000 fighter jets to assist the NATO air campaign against
15625-611: Was the most recent milestone in the Pei family's long association with the BOC, starting with grandfather Tsuyee Pei , who served as a director of the bank, and I. M. Pei, who designed the Bank of China Tower in Hong Kong . The firm's philosophy is to understand the local context for each project, which has led to design choices such as using white cantera , a local limestone, for the exterior of
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