Turano-Mongolian cattle are a group of taurine cattle that are found in Northern and Eastern Asia. They are morphologically and genetically distinct from the Near-Eastern group of taurine cattle, from which European cattle are descended; they may have been domesticated independently.
27-496: Qinchuan may refer to: Qinchuan cattle , a breed of Turano-Mongolian cattle Qinchuan, a regional Qin school associated with Changshu Qinchuan, Lanzhou , a town of Lanzhou New Area BYD Auto , previously known as Qinchuan Automobile before BYD Company's acquisition See also [ edit ] Qin Chuan (born 1975), Chinese pianist and professor Topics referred to by
54-469: A "breed" rather than a crossbreed. There are disadvantages to creating designer crossbreeds, notably the potential that the cross will be of inferior quality or that it will not produce as consistent a result as would breeding purebred animals. For example, the Poodle is a frequent breed used in creation of designer crossbreeds, due to its non-shedding coat, but that trait does not always breed true when it
81-514: A 75/25 cross, or a BC1 or F1b " backcross ." The breeding of two crossbreeds of the same combination of breeds, creating an F2 cross, an animal that is still a 50–50 cross, but it is the second filial generation of the combination. An F2 cross bred to an F2 cross creates an F3 cross. Similarly, an F2 animal bred to an F1 animal creates an F2b backcross. F3 crosses and greater are called "multi-generational" crosses. In dog breeding, three generations of reliable documented breeding can be considered
108-508: A mix of characteristics from both, periodically producing a fleeced llama. The results are increasingly unpredictable when both parents are crossbreeds, with possibility of the offspring displaying characteristics of a grandparent, not obvious in either parent. Dogs: A crossbred dog is a cross between two (sometimes more) known breeds, and is usually distinguished from a mixed-breed dog , which has ancestry from many sources, some of which may not be known. Crossbreeds are popular, due to
135-465: A mutt or a mongrel , its entire pedigree is known to descend from specific known animals. While the term is best known when applied to certain dog crossbreeds , other animals such as cattle, horses, birds and cats may also be bred in this fashion. Some crossbred breeders start a freestanding breed registry to record designer crossbreds, other crossbreds may be included in an "appendix" to an existing purebred registry. either form of registration may be
162-501: A specific environment, and are crossed with purebred bulls from another environment to produce a generation having traits of both parents. Sheep: The large number of breeds of sheep, which vary greatly, creates an opportunity for crossbreeding to be used to tailor production of lambs to the goal of the individual stockman. Llamas: Results of crossbreeding classic and woolly breeds of llama are unpredictable. The resulting offspring displays physical characteristics of either parent, or
189-500: A true-breeding population and have a closed stud book . Other types of recognized crossbreeding include that within the American Quarter Horse , which will register horses with one Thoroughbred parent and one registered Quarter Horse parent in the "Appendix" registry, and allow such animals full breed registration status as Quarter Horses if they meet a certain performance standard. Another well-known crossbred horse
216-633: A very few breeds of Turano-Mongolian cattle, as for example the Yakutian cattle, can still be called purebred. Turano-Mongolian cattle are a subgroup of domestic cattle, Bos primigenius forma taurus , and as such often called the Bos taurus turano-mongolicus group. They have previously also been classified as a distinct subspecies and even as a distinct species . The invalid scientific names resulting from these classifications are: (not necessarily comprehensive) Crossbreeding A crossbreed
243-420: A yak and an American bison ). The Incas recognized that hybrids of Lama glama (llama) and Vicugna pacos (alpaca) resulted in a hybrid with none of the advantages of either parent. At one time it was thought that dogs and wolves were separate species, and the crosses between dogs and wolves were called wolf hybrids. Today wolves and dogs are both recognized as Canis lupus , but the old term "wolf hybrid"
270-399: Is an organism with purebred parents of two different breeds, varieties, or populations. A domestic animal of unknown ancestry, where the breed status of only one parent or grandparent is known, may also be called a crossbreed though the term "mixed breed" is technically more accurate. Outcrossing is a type of crossbreeding used within a purebred breed to increase the genetic diversity within
297-604: Is common to all Eurasian regions, but found only in very low numbers in Africa. Many breeds of Turano-Mongolian cattle show a great hardiness and tolerance towards freezing temperatures as a result of adaption to harsh Asian climates . Especially the breeds of the Asian steppe and the Tibetan plateau are able to withstand temperature fluctuations from –50 °C to 35 °C (–60 °F to 95 °F). A singular adaption
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#1732791012102324-501: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Turano-Mongolian cattle#List of breeds Turano-Mongolian cattle are morphologically distinct from the European taurine cattle especially in the shape of their skull and their horns . The skull is wedge-shaped and has a narrow crown and a depression on the frontal bone . The horns grow upwards instead of forwards. Genetically
351-431: Is often called a "moggie". A horse of unknown bloodlines is called a grade horse . A designer crossbreed or designer breed is a crossbred animal with purebred parents, usually registered with a breed registry , but from two different breeds . These animals are the result of a deliberate decision to create a specific crossbred animal. Less often, the animal may have more than two pure breeds in its ancestry, but unlike
378-469: Is shown by the Yakutian cattle of northern Siberia , whose center of breeding lies close to the northern pole of cold (see climate data ). A number of traits, such as a thick winter coat , a small, fur-covered udder resp. scrotum , efficient thermoregulation , and low metabolic rates at low temperatures, lead to their extreme tolerance towards freezing temperatures. A compelling example of this
405-423: Is still used. A mixed-breed animal is defined as having undocumented or unknown parentage, while a crossbreed generally has known, usually purebred parents of two distinct breeds or varieties. A dog of unknown parentage is often called a mixed-breed dog, "mutt" or " mongrel ." A cat of unknown parentage is often referred to as a domestic short-haired or domestic long-haired cat generically, and in some dialects
432-479: Is the Anglo-Arabian , which may be produced by a purebred Arabian horse crossed on a Thoroughbred, or by various crosses of Anglo-Arabians with other Anglo-Arabians, as long as the ensuing animal never has more than 75% or less than 25% of each breed represented in its pedigree. A hybrid animal is one with parentage of two separate species, differentiating it from crossbred animals, which have parentage of
459-431: Is the case of several cows which survived on their own in the taiga forest for three months in late 2011 in deep snows and temperatures reaching as low as –40 °C (–40 °F). In the wake of modernization and specialization in animal husbandry, many Turano-Mongolian breeds have been replaced either outright or through extensive crossbreeding by modern international breeds and become extinct. Thus, for example, of
486-535: Is the process of breeding such an organism. It can be beneficially used to maintain health and viability of organisms. However, irresponsible crossbreeding can also produce organisms of inferior quality or dilute a purebred gene pool to the point of extinction of a given breed of organism. Cats: The many newly developed and recognized breeds of domestic cat are crossbreeds between existing, well-established breeds (sometimes with limited hybridization with some wild species), to either combine selected traits from
513-484: The foundation stock , or propagate a rare mutation without excessive inbreeding . However, some nascent breeds such as the Aegean cat are developed entirely from a local landrace population. Most experimental cat breeds are crossbreeds. Cattle: In cattle, there are systems of crossbreeding. In many crossbreeds, one animal is larger than the other. One is used when the purebred females are particularly adapted to
540-421: The warmblood breeds used in the sport horse disciplines, usually registered in an open stud book by a studbook selection procedure that evaluates conformation, pedigree and, in some animals, a training or performance standard. Most warmblood breeds began as a cross of draft horse breeds on Thoroughbreds , but have, in some cases, developed over the past century to the point where they are considered to be
567-730: The Siberian breeds only the Yakutian cattle remain, and at that only in very small numbers. Others, like Japanese Black and the Kazakh Whiteheaded , have been diluted by crossbreeding with international breeds to varying degrees and often are threatened by further crossbreeding. Many southern Turano-Mongolian breeds, especially the Central plain and Southern varieties of Chinese Yellow cattle , while showing pure taurine phenotypes , have in prehistorical and historical times been influenced by an admixture of zebu cattle . Only
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#1732791012102594-451: The belief that they have increased vigor without loss of attractiveness of the dog. Certain planned crossbreeding between purebred dogs of different breeds are now widely known as "designer dogs" and can produce puppies worth more than their purebred parents, due to a high demand. Horses: Crossbreeding horses is often done with the intent of ultimately creating a new breed of horse. One type of modern crossbreeding in horses created many of
621-433: The breed, particularly when there is a need to avoid inbreeding . In animal breeding, crossbreeds are crosses within a single species, while hybrids are crosses between different species. In plant breeding terminology, the term crossbreed is uncommon, and no universal term is used to distinguish hybridization or crossing within a population from those between populations, or even those between species. Crossbreeding
648-687: The difference can be seen in the mtDNA haplogroups . Of the five mtDNA haplogroups (T, T1, T2, T3, T4) found in existing taurine cattle breeds, T2, T3 and T4 appear in the Turano-Mongolian group. T4 is unique to the breeds of this group. T is found in both Near Eastern and European breeds, while T1 appears only in African and (at lower frequencies) in Near Eastern breeds. T2 is found in all three Eurasian regions, though only at low frequencies in European and Turano-Mongolian breeds. Finally T3
675-419: The first step in recording and tracking pedigrees in order to develop a new breed. The purpose of creating designer crossbreds is usually one or more of the following reasons: Breeders of designer crossbreds borrow the technical language from hybrid plant breeding: A first generation, 50–50 crossbred is an F1 cross . Subsequent generations may see a purebred animal crossed back on a crossbred, creating
702-404: The same species. Hybrids are usually, but not always, sterile. One of the most ancient types of hybrid animal is the mule , a cross between a female horse and a male donkey . The liger is a hybrid cross between a male lion and female tiger . The yattle is a cross between a cow and a yak . Other crosses include the tigon (between a male tiger and female lion) and yakalo (between
729-413: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Qinchuan . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qinchuan&oldid=1063192501 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
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