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109-483: It also has a key historic importance, as George Washington used the road during his march from Trenton to Princeton during the American Revolution . This is commemorated by several small stone pillars at various points along the road. The southern third of CR 533 serves as a shorter, more direct route between two parts of US 206, connecting the southern portion as it travels north from Bordentown and

218-522: A blow to British morale. American morale was dealt a blow later in the year, when the second major attempt at Franco-American cooperation, an attempt to retake Savannah , failed with heavy casualties. The winter of 1779–80 was one of the coldest in recorded colonial history. New York Harbor froze over, and the winter camps of the Continental Army were deluged with snow, resulting in hardships exceeding those experienced at Valley Forge. The war

327-578: A command presence—given his size, strength, stamina, and bravery in battle, he appeared to soldiers to be a natural leader and they followed him without question. Washington learned to organize, train, and drill, and discipline his companies and regiments. From his observations, readings and conversations with professional officers, he learned the basics of battlefield tactics, as well as a good understanding of problems of organization and logistics. He gained an understanding of overall strategy, especially in locating strategic geographical points. He developed

436-475: A competitor for advancement, and the previously positive relationship between Gates and Arnold cooled. However, Arnold put aside his complaints when the news of Ticonderoga's fall arrived, and agreed to serve. Congress, at the urging of its diplomatic representatives in Europe, had also issued military commissions to a number of European soldiers of fortune in early 1777. Two of those recommended by Silas Deane ,

545-441: A force from Cambridge to Quebec City through the wilderness of present-day Maine . As the siege dragged on, the matter of expiring enlistments became a matter of serious concern. Washington tried to convince Congress that enlistments longer than one year were necessary to build an effective fighting force, but he was rebuffed in this effort. The 1776 establishment of the Continental Army only had enlistment terms of one year,

654-676: A formal conspiracy, the episode is known as the Conway Cabal because the scale of the discontent within the army was exposed by a critical letter from Conway to Gates, some of whose contents were relayed to Washington. Washington exposed the criticisms to Congress, and his supporters, within Congress and the army, rallied to support him. Gates eventually apologized for his role in the affair, and Conway resigned. Washington's position and authority were not seriously challenged again. Biographer Ron Chernow points out that Washington's handling of

763-537: A matter that would again be a problem in late 1776. Washington finally forced the British to withdraw from Boston by putting Henry Knox's artillery on Dorchester Heights overlooking the city, and preparing in detail to attack the city from Cambridge if the British tried to assault the position. The British evacuated Boston and sailed away, although Washington did not know they were headed for Halifax, Nova Scotia . Believing they were headed for New York City (which

872-620: A mix of farmland, woods, and residences. CR 518 turns northeast and enters Hopewell Township in Mercer County and immediately intersects CR 601 before coming to the CR 579 junction. At this intersection, the road becomes Lambertville-Hopewell Road and continues east, intersecting CR 612 in Woodsville and Route 31 . At the intersection with the latter, CR 518 runs east along the border between East Amwell Township , Hunterdon County to

981-463: A nighttime withdrawal from Long Island across the East River to Manhattan to save those troops and materiel . The Howe brothers then paused to consolidate their position, and the admiral engaged in a fruitless peace conference with Congressional representatives on September 11. Four days later the British landed on Manhattan , a bombardment from the river scattering inexperienced militia into

1090-450: A panicked retreat, and forcing Washington to retreat further. After Washington stopped the British advance up Manhattan at Harlem Heights on September 16, Howe again made a flanking maneuver, landing troops at Pell's Point in a bid to cut off Washington's avenue of retreat. To defend against this move, Washington withdrew most of his army to White Plains , where after a short battle on October 28 he retreated further north. This isolated

1199-601: A raiding expedition to Virginia. The early months of 1781 continued to be difficult for the American cause. Troops mutinied in Pennsylvania , inspiring troops in New Jersey to also do so. Washington was uninvolved in resolving the Pennsylvania troops' demands, but he sent troops under General Robert Howe that harshly put down the New Jersey mutiny, hanging two men. General Arnold's raiding expedition to Virginia

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1308-695: A short bypass of the borough to the west. Upon reentering Hillsborough, CR 533 meets the northern terminus of the aforementioned bypass, signed as CR 533 Bypass. CR 533 passes by the Central Jersey Regional Airport , then turns away from the river as it becomes South Main Street and North Main Street in the borough of Manville. After two miles (3.2 km), CR 533 crosses the Raritan River over Van Veghten's Bridge and enters Bridgewater , becoming Finderne Avenue. CR 533 reaches

1417-603: A short distance north of Princeton Airport in a commercial area. East of US 206/CR 533, the route enters Rocky Hill , where the name becomes Washington Street, and passes wooded residential areas, intersecting CR 605 in the center of the community. From this point, CR 518 enters woodland and crosses the Millstone River , where it enters Franklin Township and becomes Georgetown-Franklin Turnpike. Immediately following

1526-465: A variety of sources. His loss of Philadelphia prompted some members of Congress to discuss removing him from command. They were prodded along by Washington's detractors in the military, who included Generals Gates, Mifflin, and Conway. Gates in particular was viewed by Conway and Congressmen Benjamin Rush and Richard Henry Lee as a desirable replacement for Washington. Although there is no evidence of

1635-516: A very negative idea of the value of militia, who seemed too unreliable, too undisciplined, and too short-term compared to regulars. On the other hand, his experience was limited to command of at most 1,000 men, and came only in remote frontier conditions that were far removed from the urban situations he faced during the Revolution at Boston, New York, Trenton and Philadelphia. In December 1758 Washington resigned his military commission, and spent

1744-595: Is also known as the Georgetown Franklin Turnpike . CR 518 begins at an intersection with Route 29 / Route 165 in Lambertville , Hunterdon County , heading east on two-lane undivided Brunswick Avenue. The road climbs in elevation heading east through wooded residential areas before turning southeast and crossing into West Amwell Township and becoming Brunswick Pike. The route winds east through forested areas with some homes before entering

1853-554: Is now known as River Road while the southbound direction becomes Orchard Road, and there is a Canal Road that also mirrors CR 533 on the far side of the two waterways in Franklin Township . CR 533 meets the intersection of Township Line Road from the left, marking the move from Montgomery into Hillsborough . It later enters the borough of Millstone , becoming Main Street for about one mile (1.6 km). Here, it intersects with Amwell Road ( CR 514 ), which provides access to

1962-790: Is only one other intersection along the road besides its two endpoints, Hamilton Road just feet north of the Millstone–Hillsborough border. George Washington in the American Revolution George Washington (February 22, 1732  – December 14, 1799) commanded the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783). After serving as President of the United States (1789 to 1797), he briefly

2071-462: The Battle of Long Island . Major General Howe refused to act on a significant tactical advantage that could have resulted in the capture of the remaining Continental troops on Long Island, but he chose instead to besiege the fortified positions to which they had retreated. Although Washington has been criticized by many historians for sending additional troops to reinforce the redoubts on Long Island, it

2180-585: The Chesapeake Bay , completing the entrapment of Cornwallis, who surrendered after the siege of Yorktown in October 1781. Although Yorktown marked the end of significant hostilities in North America, the British still occupied New York and other cities, so Washington had to maintain the army in the face of a bankrupt Congress and troops that were at times mutinous over conditions and pay. The army

2289-1041: The Delaware and Raritan Canal at Port Mercer , Quaker Road becomes under the jurisdiction of Princeton, turns off the Keith line into the borough, and crosses Stony Brook on Quaker Bridge. Paralleling Stony Brook and adjacent to farmland, CR 533 intersects with Princeton Pike, also known as CR 583 , before winding its way through a small residential area, narrows such that it becomes traversable for northbound traffic only, and reaches its intersection of US 206. During its 6 + 1 ⁄ 2 -mile-long (10.5 km) concurrency with Route 206, CR 533 passes Drumthwacket , Nassau Street ( Route 27 's southern terminus) in downtown Princeton and Princeton Airport near an intersection of Georgetown-Franklin Turnpike/Washington Street ( CR 518 ) in Montgomery, just beyond

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2398-970: The First Virginia Convention , where he was selected as a delegate to the First Continental Congress . As tensions rose in 1774, he assisted in the training of county militias in Virginia and organized enforcement of the boycott of British goods instituted by the Congress. General Washington, the Commander in Chief, assumed five main roles during the war. George Washington was a skilled manager of intelligence. He utilized agents behind enemy lines, recruited both Tory and Patriot sources, interrogated travelers for intelligence information, and launched scores of agents on both intelligence and counterintelligence missions. He

2507-582: The Marquis de Lafayette and Thomas Conway , would prove to be important in Washington's activities. Lafayette, just twenty years old, was at first told that Deane had exceeded his authority in offering him a major general's commission, but offered to volunteer in the army at his own expense. Washington and Lafayette took an instant liking to one another when they met, and Lafayette became one of Washington's most trusted generals and confidants. Conway, on

2616-764: The Middlebrook encampment in New Jersey's Watchung Mountains . When Howe then moved his army southwest from New Brunswick, Washington correctly interpreted this as a move to draw him out of his strong position, and refused to move. Only after Howe apparently retreated back toward the shore did Washington follow, but Howe's attempt to separate him from his mountain defenses was foiled in the Battle of Short Hills in late June. Howe, who had already decided to campaign against Philadelphia, then withdrew from New Jersey, embarked much of his army on ships in late July, and sailed away, leaving Washington mystified as to his destination. Washington's difficulty in discerning Howe's motives

2725-603: The Middlesex County borough of Middlesex , CR 533 ends while CR 607 continues east as Lincoln Boulevard. County Route 533 Spur (signed as County Route 533 Bypass ) is a county highway in the U.S. state of New Jersey . The highway extends 0.4 miles (0.64 km) from Millstone Bypass (CR 514) in Millstone to River Road (CR 533) in Hillsborough. It is known as Somerset Courthouse Road. There

2834-636: The Ohio River . Its investors also included Virginia's Royal Governor, Robert Dinwiddie , who appointed Washington a major in the provincial militia in February 1753. Washington played a key role in the outbreak of the French and Indian War , and then led the defense of Virginia between 1755 and 1758 as colonel of the Virginia Regiment . Although Washington never received a commission in

2943-620: The Royal Navy . Thanks to the connection by marriage of his half-brother Lawrence to the wealthy Fairfax family, Washington was appointed surveyor of Culpeper County in 1749; he was just 17 years old. Washington's brother had purchased an interest in the Ohio Company , a land acquisition and settlement company whose objective was the settlement of Virginia's frontier areas, including the Ohio Country , territory north and west of

3052-490: The Second Continental Congress in a military uniform, signaling that he was prepared for war. Congress created the Continental Army on June 14, 1775, and discussed who should lead it. Washington had the prestige, military experience, charisma and military bearing of a military leader and was known as a strong patriot; he was also popular in his home province. There was no other serious competition for

3161-504: The defeat of Burgoyne at Saratoga possible. Following a difficult winter at Valley Forge and the entry of France into the war in 1778, Washington followed the British army as it withdrew from Philadelphia back to New York, and fought an ultimately inconclusive battle at Monmouth Court House in New Jersey. Washington's activities from late 1778 to 1780 were more diplomatic and organizational, as his army remained outside New York, watching Major General Henry Clinton 's army that occupied

3270-494: The 1776 campaigns had not led to significant criticism in Congress. Before fleeing Philadelphia for Baltimore in December, Congress granted Washington powers that have ever since been described as "dictatorial". The successes in New Jersey nearly deified Washington in the eyes of some Congressmen, and the body became much more deferential to him as a result. John Adams complained of the "superstitious veneration" that Washington

3379-454: The 1779 campaign season. The possibility of a Franco-American campaign against Quebec, first proposed for 1778, had a number of adherents in Congress, and was actively supported by Lafayette in Washington's circle. Despite known weaknesses in Quebec's provincial defenses, Washington was adamantly opposed to the idea, citing the lack of troops and supplies with which to conduct such an operation,

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3488-626: The Acts were repealed. Parliament repealed the Townshend Acts in 1770, and, for Washington at least, the crisis had passed. However, Washington regarded the passage of the Intolerable Acts in 1774 as "an Invasion of our Rights and Privileges". In July 1774, he chaired the meeting at which the " Fairfax Resolves " were adopted, which called for, among other things, the convening of a Continental Congress . In August, Washington attended

3597-489: The British Army, he gained valuable military, political, and leadership skills, and received significant public exposure in the colonies and abroad. He closely observed British military tactics, gaining a keen insight into their strengths and weaknesses that proved invaluable during the Revolution. He demonstrated his toughness and courage in the most difficult situations, including disasters and retreats. He developed

3706-600: The British Army. When inventory returns exposed a dangerous shortage of gunpowder, Washington asked for new sources. British arsenals were raided (including some in the West Indies) and some manufacturing was attempted; a barely adequate supply (about 2.5 million pounds) was obtained by the end of 1776, mostly from France. In search of heavy weapons, he sent Henry Knox on an expedition to Fort Ticonderoga to retrieve cannons that had been captured there . He resisted repeated calls from Congress to launch attacks against

3815-612: The British fleet of Admiral Marriot Arbuthnot at the Battle of Cape Henry in March 1781, and was unable to gain entry to the bay. General Clinton thereafter sent more troops to Virginia under General William Phillips , who resumed raiding operations in central Virginia. County Route 518 (New Jersey) County Route 518 ( CR 518 ) is a county highway in the U.S. state of New Jersey . The highway extends 20.58 miles (33.12 km) from Route 29 / Route 165 in Lambertville to Lincoln Highway ( Route 27 ) in Franklin Township . It

3924-701: The British in Boston, calling war councils that supported the decisions against such action. Before the Continental Navy was established in November 1775, Washington, without Congressional authorization, began arming a "secret navy" to prey on poorly protected British transports and supply ships. When Congress authorized an invasion of Quebec , believing that province's people would also rise against British military control, Washington reluctantly went along with it, even authorizing Benedict Arnold to lead

4033-569: The British. When Washington learned of the abandonment of Ticonderoga (which he had been told by General Anthony Wayne "can never be carried, without much loss of blood"), he was shocked. Concerned that Howe was heading up the Hudson, he ordered three of his best officers northwards, Benedict Arnold, Benjamin Lincoln , and Daniel Morgan and his corps of riflemen. He also sent 750 men from Israel Putnam 's forces north to assist General Gates with

4142-682: The CDP of Finderne , and turns right down East Main Street, traveling almost due east for its remaining two and a half miles (4.0 km). In its busy final mile, it passes by TD Bank Ballpark (home to the Somerset Patriots ), the Bridgewater Train Station serving NJ Transit 's Raritan Valley Line and I-287 , enters Bound Brook , becoming Talmage Avenue. There is no direct access to I-287, but Promenade Boulevard ( CR 685 ) does carry traffic to Route 28 at exit 13 off

4251-561: The Canadian campaign, had also threatened to resign. Washington wrote to Congress on behalf of Arnold and other officers who were disgruntled by this promotion scheme, stating that "two or three other very good officers" might be lost because of it. Washington had also laid the seeds for conflict between Arnold and Gates when he gave Arnold command of forces in Rhode Island in late 1776; because of this move Gates came to view Arnold as

4360-587: The Enemy's lines or who may fall within their power cannot be inserted." He instructed his generals to "leave no stone unturned, nor do not stick to expense" in gathering intelligence, and urged that those employed for intelligence purposes be those "upon whose firmness and fidelity we may safely rely." After the Battles of Lexington and Concord near Boston in April 1775, the colonies went to war. Washington appeared at

4469-522: The Hudson River corridor, while Washington retreated across New Jersey into Pennsylvania, chased by Major General Charles Cornwallis . Spirits were low, popular support was wavering, and Congress had abandoned Philadelphia, fearing a British attack. Washington ordered General Gates to bring troops from Fort Ticonderoga, and also ordered General Lee's troops, which he had left north of New York City, to join him. Lee, whose relationship with Washington

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4578-642: The Millstone River, the road crosses the Delaware and Raritan Canal and reaches the CR 603 intersection. The route ascends Ten Mile Run Mountain and passes through more forests to the north of a quarry, climbing a steep hill, and curves to the northeast, flattening out into a mix of farms, woods, and homes. CR 518 reaches its eastern terminus at an intersection with Route 27 (though which the border between Franklin Township, Somerset County and South Brunswick , Middlesex County runs). The entirety of this road

4687-526: The New York City area, and gave a dramatic boost to Revolutionary morale. During the winter, Washington, based in winter quarters at Morristown, loosely coordinated a low-level militia war against British positions in New Jersey, combining the actions of New Jersey and Pennsylvania militia companies with careful use of Continental Army resources to harry and harass the British and German troops quartered in New Jersey. Washington's mixed performance in

4796-476: The advance forces to Charles Lee, who had been exchanged earlier in the year. Lee, despite firm instructions from Washington, refused Lafayette's suggestion to launch an organized attack on the British rear, and then retreated when the British turned to face him. When Washington arrived at the head of the main army, he and Lee had an angry exchange of words, and Washington ordered Lee off the command. Washington, with his army's tactics and ability to execute improved by

4905-410: The army's existence for single years. With the 1777 establishment of a more permanent army structure and the introduction of three-year enlistments, Washington built a reliable cohort of experienced troops, although hard currency and supplies of all types were difficult to come by. In 1777 Washington was again defeated in the defense of Philadelphia , but sent critical support to Horatio Gates that made

5014-402: The army's morale, but it also brought Cornwallis out of New York. He reassembled an army of more than 6,000 men, and marched most of them against a position Washington had taken south of Trenton. Leaving a garrison of 1,200 at Princeton , Cornwallis then attacked Washington's position on January 2, 1777, and was three times repulsed before darkness set in. During the night Washington evacuated

5123-546: The army. Somewhat surprised that regional differences would be a problem, on August 1 he read a speech to the army, in which he threatened to punish "any officers or soldiers so lost to virtue and a love of their country" that might exacerbate the regional differences. The mixing of forces from different regions also brought more widespread camp diseases, especially dysentery and smallpox . Washington had to deal with his first major command controversy while in New York, which

5232-417: The campaign a general lack of organization, shortages of supplies, fatigue, sickness, and above all, lack of confidence in the American leadership resulted in a melting away of untrained regulars and frightened militia. Washington grumbled, "The honor of making a brave defense does not seem to be sufficient stimulus, when the success is very doubtful, and the falling into the Enemy's hands probable." Washington

5341-529: The capital brought on a storm of criticism from Congress, which fled the city for York , and from other army officers. In part to silence his critics, Washington planned an elaborate assault on an exposed British base in Germantown . The October 4 Battle of Germantown failed in part due to the complexity of the assault, and the inexperience of the militia forces employed in it. Over 400 of Washington's men were captured, including Colonel George Mathews and

5450-640: The city. Historian John Shy states: September 1780 brought a new shock to Washington. British Major John André had been arrested outside New York, and papers he carried exposed treason by Arnold. Washington greatly respected Arnold for his military skills, and with his serious injuries saw he was not ready for a combat command so he gave him a role in Philadelphia. During his administration there, Arnold entertained lavishly in high society yet had made many political enemies. He married vivacious Peggy Shippen , who had been courted by British Major André. After

5559-459: The city. Washington strategized with the French on how best to cooperate in actions against the British, leading to ultimately unsuccessful attempts to dislodge the British from Newport, Rhode Island , and Savannah, Georgia . His attention was also drawn to the frontier war, which prompted the 1779 Continental Army expedition of John Sullivan into upstate New York. When Major General Clinton sent

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5668-412: The collapse of the Quebec expedition brought renewed complaints. Despite Gates' experience, Washington personally preferred Schuyler. To avoid a potentially messy situation, General Washington gave Schuyler overall command of the northern department, but assigned Gates as second in command with combat authority. The episode exposed Washington to Gates' desire for advancement, possibly at his expense, and to

5777-537: The colonial forces outside Boston on July 3, 1775, during the ongoing siege of Boston , after stopping in New York City to begin organizing military companies for its defense. His first steps were to establish procedures and to weld what had begun as militia regiments into an effective fighting force. He was assisted in this effort by his adjutant, Brigadier General Horatio Gates , and Major General Charles Lee , both of whom had significant experience serving in

5886-420: The conflict, had been authorized to act as peace commissioners, and attempted to establish contact with Washington. However, they refused to address their letters to "General George Washington", and his representatives refused to accept them. In August, the British finally launched their campaign to capture New York City . They first landed on Long Island in force, and flanked Washington's forward positions in

5995-533: The county line between Mercer and Somerset. Just before the end of the concurrency, the road passes over the Beden Brook . CR 533 is not signed anywhere along its concurrency with US 206. CR 533 finally splits off of US 206 in northern Montgomery, breaking off to the right and running along the western bank of the Millstone River , which is itself parallel to the Delaware and Raritan Canal for this stretch. It

6104-466: The defense of the Hudson. Washington had had some difficulty with General Arnold in the spring. Congress had adopted a per-state scheme for the promotion of general officers, which resulted in the promotion of several officers to major general ahead of other officers with more experience or seniority. Combined with the commissioning of foreign officers to high ranks, this had led to the resignation of John Stark . Arnold, who had distinguished himself in

6213-461: The ensuing battle , Mercer was mortally wounded. Washington sent reinforcements under General John Cadwalader , which were successful in driving Mawhood and the British from Princeton, with many of them fleeing to Cornwallis in Trenton. The British lost more than one quarter of their force in the battle, and American morale rose with the victory. These unexpected victories drove the British back to

6322-445: The entire 9th Virginia Regiment . It did not help that Adam Stephen , leading one of the branches of the attack, was drunk, and broke from the agreed-upon plan of attack. He was court martialed and cashiered from the army. Historian Robert Leckie observes that the battle was a near thing, and that a small number of changes might have resulted in a decisive victory for Washington. Meanwhile, Burgoyne, out of reach from help from Howe,

6431-410: The episode demonstrated that he was "a consummate political infighter" who maintained his temper and dignity while his opponents schemed. The victory at Saratoga (and to some extent Washington's near success at Germantown) were influential in convincing France to enter the war openly as an American ally . French entry into the war changed its dynamics, for the British were no longer sure of command of

6540-487: The freeway. Traveling through Bound Brook, CR 533 turns southeast on Columbus Place and reaches an intersection of Mountain Avenue ( Route 527 ). CR 533 forms a concurrency with CR 527 through the downtown area. After a roundabout , CR 527 heads to the south on South Main Street and CR 689 heads to the north on Bolmer Boulevard while CR 533 continues east along East Main Street. On a bridge connecting Bound Brook and

6649-478: The frontier raids. The expedition successfully drove the Iroquois out of New York, but otherwise had little effect on the frequency and severity of frontier raids. Washington's opponent in New York, however, was not inactive. Clinton engaged in a number of amphibious raids against coastal communities from Connecticut to Chesapeake Bay , and probed at Washington's defenses in the Hudson River valley. Coming up

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6758-560: The furthest outposts of the British, limiting their ability to scout and forage. Although Washington did not coordinate this resistance, he took advantage of it to organize an attack on an outpost of Hessians in Trenton. On the night of December 25–26, 1776, Washington led his forces across the Delaware River and surprised the Hessian garrison the following morning, capturing 1,000 men. This action significantly boosted

6867-476: The ignominious defeat of General Gates, who had been appointed to the southern command by Congress without Washington's advice or knowledge beforehand. Gates famously abandoned his army and retreated 180 miles (290 km) by horse after his battle lines were broken. The debacle ended Gates' career as a field officer, but he eluded formal inquiries into his behavior because of his political connections. Washington's army suffered from numerous problems in 1780: it

6976-585: The latter's influence in Congress. General Howe's army, reinforced by thousands of additional troops from Europe and a fleet under the command of his brother, Admiral Richard Howe , began arriving the entrance of New York Harbor (at the Narrows ), in early July, and made an unopposed landing on Staten Island . Without intelligence about Howe's intentions, Washington was forced to divide his still poorly trained forces, principally between Manhattan and Long Island. The Howes, who were politically ambivalent about

7085-486: The left as it approaches the interchange with US 1 . After the cloverleaf interchange with US 1, the road name briefly changes to Province Line Road and intersects an access road to Mercer Mall. At the next traffic light, it intersects the access to the Nassau Park shopping center and Province Line Road, unsigned CR 569 . North of this intersection, CR 533 becomes unsigned and is known as Quaker Road. After crossing

7194-475: The nation's fragile financial state, and French imperial ambitions to recover the territory. Under pressure from Congress to answer the frontier raids, Washington countered with the proposal of a major expedition against the Iroquois . This was approved, and in the summer of 1779 a sizable force under Major General John Sullivan made a major expedition into the northwestern frontier of New York in reprisal for

7303-523: The need for developing many different sources so that their reports could be cross-checked, and so that the compromise of one source would not cut off the flow of intelligence from an important area. Washington sought and obtained a "secret service fund" from the Continental Congress. He strongly wanted gold or silver. In accounting for the sums in his journals, he did not identify the recipients: "The names of persons who are employed within

7412-619: The next 16 years as a wealthy Virginia plantation owner; as such he also served in the Virginia House of Burgesses . Although he expressed opposition to the 1765 Stamp Act , the first direct tax on the colonies, he did not take a leading role in the growing colonial resistance until protests of the Townshend Acts (enacted in 1767) became widespread. In May 1769, Washington introduced a proposal, drafted by his friend George Mason , calling for Virginia to boycott British goods until

7521-544: The north and Hopwell Township, Mercer County to the south, passing through wooded areas as it crosses fully into Hopewell Township again. CR 518 ascends and descends a spur of the Sourland Mountains before continuing into Hopewell Borough , where it becomes Louellen Street and crosses CSX 's Trenton Subdivision before heading into residential areas. At the intersection with CR 654, the route turns east onto Broad Street and passes homes and businesses, intersecting

7630-399: The northern portion as moves through Princeton and into Somerset County. The U.S. highway turns west down Broad Street at the circle and winds confusingly through Trenton before moving through Lawrence , the county route continues nearly due north through Hamilton and along the Lawrence/ West Windsor boundary into Princeton. CR 524 also begins at the circle, following South Broad Street in

7739-440: The northern terminus of CR 569 (Princeton Avenue). The road leaves Hopewell Borough for Hopewell Township again, heading northeast into agricultural areas. At Stoutsburg , CR 518 crosses the Keith line and continues into Montgomery Township , Somerset County , passing farms, woods, and residential subdivisions. The road crosses CR 601, at which point it turns to the east and continues to an intersection with US 206 / CR 533

7848-529: The official exchange rate. One Loyalist wrote, "Mock-money and mock-states shall melt away // And the mock troops disband for want of pay." The British in late 1779 embarked on a new strategy based on the assumption that most Southerners were Loyalists at heart. General Clinton withdrew the British garrison from Newport, and marshaled a force of more than 10,000 men that in the first half of 1780 successfully besieged Charleston, South Carolina . In June 1780, he captured over 5,000 Continental soldiers and militia in

7957-435: The other direction towards Yardville and Allentown . For its first three point five miles (5.6 km) in southern Hamilton, the route is White Horse Avenue and White Horse-Mercerville Road, as it connects the two census-designated places of White Horse and Mercerville . Along the way, it accesses both interchanges with I-295 (exit 61) and I-195 (exit 2) via Arena Drive ( CR 620 ), just 0.4 miles (0.64 km) from

8066-533: The other hand, did not think highly of Washington's leadership, and proved to be a source of trouble in the 1777 campaign season and its aftermath. When Washington learned that Howe's fleet was sailing north in Chesapeake Bay , he hurried his army south of Philadelphia to defend the city against Howe's threat. Major General Howe turned Washington's flank at the Battle of Brandywine on September 11, 1777, and marched unopposed into Philadelphia on September 26 after some further maneuvers. Washington's failure to defend

8175-484: The position, masking his army's movements by instructing the camp guards to maintain the appearance of a much larger force. Washington then circled around Cornwallis's position with the intention of attacking the Princeton garrison. On January 3, Hugh Mercer , leading the American advance guard, encountered British soldiers from Princeton under the command of Charles Mawhood . The British troops engaged Mercer and in

8284-486: The post, although Washington did nothing to actively pursue the appointment. Massachusetts delegate John Adams nominated Washington, believing that appointing a southerner to lead what was then primarily an army of northerners would help unite the colonies. Washington reluctantly accepted, declaring "with the utmost sincerity, I do not think myself equal to the Command I [am] honored with." Washington assumed command of

8393-411: The preference of farmers and merchants to sell their goods to the British for hard currency instead of the nearly worthless Continental currency. Profiteers also sought to benefit at the army's expense, charging it 1,000 times what they charged civilians for the same goods. Congress authorized Washington to seize supplies needed for the army, but he was reluctant to use such authority, since it smacked of

8502-432: The presence of two of Washington's most reliable subordinates, Lafayette and Greene, the attempt at cooperation was a dismal failure. British and Indian forces organized and supported by Sir Frederick Haldimand in Quebec began to raid frontier settlements in 1778, and Savannah, Georgia , was captured late in the year. During the comparatively mild winter of 1778–1779, Washington and Congress discussed options for

8611-413: The remaining Continental Army troops in upper Manhattan, so Howe returned to Manhattan and captured Fort Washington in mid November, taking almost 3,000 prisoners. Four days later, Fort Lee , across the Hudson River from Fort Washington, was also taken. Washington brought much of his army across the Hudson into New Jersey, but was immediately forced to retreat by the aggressive British advance. During

8720-407: The river from Trenton . The capture of Lee resulted an important point in negotiations between the sides concerning the treatment of prisoners. Since Lee had previously served in the British Army, he was treated as a deserter , and threatened with military punishments appropriate to that charge. Even though he and Lee did not get on well, Washington threatened to treat captured British officers in

8829-400: The river in force, he captured the key outpost of Stony Point , but advanced no further. When Clinton weakened the garrison there to provide men for raiding expeditions, Washington organized a counterstrike. General Anthony Wayne led a force that, solely using the bayonet, recaptured Stony Point . The Americans chose not to hold the post, but the operation was a boost to American morale and

8938-451: The same manner Lee and other high-profile prisoners were treated. This resulted in an improvement in Lee's captivity, and he was eventually exchanged for Richard Prescott in 1778. Despite the loss of troops due to desertion and expiring enlistments, Washington was heartened by a rise in militia enlistments in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. These militia companies were active in circumscribing

9047-411: The seas and had to worry about an invasion of their home islands and other colonial territories across the globe. The British, now under the command of Major General Henry Clinton , evacuated Philadelphia in 1778 and returned to New York City, with Washington attacking them along the way at the Battle of Monmouth ; this was the last major battle in the north. Prior to the battle Washington gave command of

9156-473: The single worst defeat of the war for the Americans. Washington had at the end of March pessimistically dispatched several regiments troops southward from his army, hoping they might have some effect in what he saw as a looming disaster. He also ordered troops stationed in Virginia and North Carolina south, but these were either captured at Charleston, or scattered later at Waxhaws and Camden . Camden saw

9265-410: The southern terminus. In Mercerville, it intersects with Route 33 , providing access to Downtown Trenton and the business-laden stretch of Hamilton Square . Less than one mile (1.6 km) later, CR 533 meets the intersection of Edinburg Road/Nottingham Way ( CR 535 ) and Nottingham Way ( CR 618 ) at a five-point intersection, and continues north as Quakerbridge Road. At this point, the route picks up

9374-550: The trail followed by Washington. It passes the intersection of Sloan Avenue ( CR 649 )/Flock Road, which again provides access to I-295 at exit 65 and widens to four lanes wide. From here, it continues on to the northern border of Hamilton and follows the border between Lawrence to the west and West Windsor on the east (the Keith line ). It crosses Amtrak 's Northeast Corridor and passes the Quaker Bridge Mall complex to

9483-495: The training programs of the previous winter, was able to recover, and fought the British to a draw. Lee was court martialed and eventually dismissed from the army. Not long after Clinton's return to New York, a French fleet arrived off the North American coast. Washington was involved in the discussion on how to best use this force, and an attack was planned against the British outpost at Newport, Rhode Island . Despite

9592-479: The turncoat Brigadier General Benedict Arnold to raid in Virginia, Washington began to detach elements of his army to face the growing threat there. The arrival of Lord Cornwallis in Virginia after campaigning in the south presented Washington with an opportunity to strike a decisive blow. Washington's army and the French army moved south to face Cornwallis , and a cooperative French navy under Admiral de Grasse successfully disrupted British attempts to control of

9701-481: The tyranny the war was supposedly being fought over. During the winter he introduced a full-scale training program supervised by Baron von Steuben , a veteran of the Prussian general staff. Despite the hardships the army suffered, this program was a remarkable success, and Washington's army emerged in the spring of 1778 a much more disciplined force. Washington himself had to face discontent at his leadership from

9810-414: The wedding she kept in contact with André, who in 1779 became the head of British spy operations in New York City. Arnold in 1779 began secret negotiations with General Clinton. André was his contact, and Peggy passed the messages. Arnold pleaded with Washington, who appointed him commander of West Point, the major Patriot strong point in New York. He agreed to surrender it to the British for £20,000. Arnold

9919-469: Was a notable success, ravaging the countryside and destroying military and economic infrastructure and supplies. He was ineffectually opposed by Virginia militia and Continental recruits under Baron von Steuben. Washington ordered Lafayette and additional Continental troops south, and convinced French Admiral Destouches to send his Newport-based fleet to the Chesapeake. Destouches was however opposed by

10028-697: Was adept at deception operations and tradecraft and was a skilled propagandist. He also practiced sound operational security. His main failure was missing all the signals in 1780 that Benedict Arnold was increasingly disaffected and had Loyalist connections. As an intelligence manager, Washington insisted that the terms of an agent's employment and his instructions be precise and in writing. He emphasized his desire for receiving written, rather than verbal, reports. He demanded repeatedly that intelligence reports be expedited, reminding his officers of those bits of intelligence he had received which had become valueless because of delay in getting them to him. He also recognized

10137-402: Was alerted to André's arrest and escaped with only to spare. Everyone on both sides admired André and despised Arnold; Washington offered to exchange André for Arnold, but Clinton could not go that far. André was hanged as a spy, and Arnold became a brigadier general in the British Army. Washington organized an attempt to kidnap Arnold from New York City; it was frustrated when Arnold was sent on

10246-431: Was at times difficult, made excuses and only traveled as far as Morristown, New Jersey . When Lee strayed too far from his army on December 12, his exposed position was betrayed by Loyalists, and a British company led by Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarleton surrounded the inn where he was staying and took him prisoner. Lee's command was taken over by John Sullivan, who finished marching the army to Washington's camp across

10355-451: Was clear to both Washington and the Howes that the Americans had successfully blocked the East River against major shipping by sinking ships in the channel, and that he was consequently not risking the entrapment of additional men. In the face of a siege he seemed certain to lose, Washington then decided to withdraw. In what some historians call one of his greatest military feats, he executed

10464-477: Was close enough to monitor British army movements, and protected rich farmlands to the west from the enemy's foraging expeditions. Washington's army stayed at Valley Forge for the next six months. Over the winter, 2,500 men (out of 10,000) died from disease and exposure. The army's difficulties were exacerbated by a number of factors, including a quartermaster's department that had been badly mismanaged by one of Washington's political opponents, Thomas Mifflin , and

10573-567: Was created as part of the Georgetown and Franklin Turnpike , incorporated in 1816 to run from New Brunswick to the Delaware River at Lambertville. Also included in this turnpike is what is now Route 27 to New Brunswick. A spur route, County Route 518 Spur , existed, which is now Mercer County Route 654 . Beginning in 2014, Somerset County began reconstruction of a steep, winding section of CR 518 in Franklin Township to reduce

10682-462: Was declining in popularity, and the inflationary issuance of paper currency by Congress and the states alike harmed the economy, and the ability to provision the army. The paper currency also hit the army's morale, since it was how the troops were paid. Congress fixed the rate between paper and gold dollars at 40-to-1 in March 1780, but many merchants refused to accept the Continental currency at

10791-435: Was due to the presence of a British army moving south from Quebec toward Fort Ticonderoga under the command of General John Burgoyne . Howe's departure was in part prompted by the successful capture of the fort by Burgoyne in early July. Although there had been an expectation on Burgoyne's part that Howe would support his campaign to gain control of the Hudson, Howe was to disappoint Burgoyne, with disastrous consequences to

10900-417: Was enormous, balancing regional demands, competition among his subordinates, morale among the rank and file, attempts by Congress to manage the army's affairs too closely, requests by state governors for support, and an endless need for resources with which to feed, clothe, equip, arm, and move the troops. He was not usually in command of the many state militia units . In the early years of the war Washington

11009-479: Was formally disbanded after peace in 1783, and Washington resigned his commission as commander-in-chief on December 23, 1783. Born into a well-to-do Virginia family near Fredericksburg in 1732 [ O.S. 1731], Washington was schooled locally until the age of 15. The early death of his father when he was 11 eliminated the possibility of schooling in England, and his mother rejected attempts to place him in

11118-415: Was fortunate that General Howe was more focused on gaining control of New York than on destroying Washington's army. Howe's overly rigid adherence to his plans meant that he was unable to capitalize on the opportunities that arose during the campaign for a decisive action against Washington. After the loss of New York, Washington's army was in two pieces. One detachment remained north of New York to protect

11227-440: Was in charge of a new army in 1798. Washington, despite his youth, played a major role in the frontier wars against the French and Indians in the 1750s and 1760s. He played the leading military role in the American Revolutionary War . When the war broke out with the Battles of Lexington and Concord in April 1775, Congress appointed him the first commander-in-chief of the new Continental Army on June 14. The task he took on

11336-682: Was indeed Major General William Howe's eventual destination), Washington rushed most of the army there. Washington's success in Boston was not repeated in New York. Congress insisted that he defend it and recognizing the city's importance as a naval base and gateway to the Hudson River , Washington delegated the task of fortifying New York to Charles Lee in February 1776. The faltering military campaign in Quebec also led to calls for additional troops there, and Washington detached six regiments northward under John Sullivan in April. The wider theaters of war had also introduced regional frictions into

11445-412: Was often in the middle of the action, first directing the siege of Boston to its successful conclusion, but then losing New York City and almost losing New Jersey before winning surprising and decisive victories at Trenton and Princeton at the end of the 1776 campaign season. At the end of the year in both 1775 and 1776, he had to deal with expiring enlistments, since the Congress had only authorized

11554-400: Was partially a product of regional friction. New England troops serving in northern New York under General Philip Schuyler , a scion of an old patroon family of New York, objected to his aristocratic style, and their Congressional representatives lobbied Washington to replace Schuyler with General Gates. Washington tried to resolve the issue by giving Gates command of the forces in Quebec, but

11663-589: Was receiving. Washington's performance also received international notice: Frederick the Great , one of the greatest military minds, wrote that "the achievements of Washington [at Trenton and Princeton] were the most brilliant of any recorded in the history of military achievements." The French foreign minister, a strong supporter of the American cause, renewed the delivery of French supplies. In May 1777, uncertain whether General Howe would move north toward Albany or south toward Philadelphia, Washington moved his army to

11772-519: Was trapped and forced to surrender his entire army on October 17, ten days after the Battle of Bemis Heights . The victory made a hero of General Gates, who received the adulation of Congress. While this was taking place Washington presided from a distance over the loss of control of the Delaware River to the British, and marched his army to its winter quarters at Valley Forge in December. Washington chose Valley Forge, over recommendations that he camp either closer or further from Philadelphia, because it

11881-671: Was undermanned, underfunded, and underequipped. Because of these shortcomings Washington resisted calls for major expeditions, preferring to remain focused on the principal British presence in New York. Knowledge of discontent within the ranks in New Jersey prompted the British in New York to make two attempts to reach the principal army base at Morristown. These attempts were defeated, with significant militia support, in battles at Connecticut Farms and Springfield . The British withdrew from Philadelphia, in June 1778, and Washington appointed Major General Benedict Arnold as military commander of

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