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28-499: Quảng Nam is known for being a tourist destination in the Hội An cultural site, alongside an export and manufacturing hub within central Vietnam. Human habitation in the province has been continuous for 2,200 years, starting with the Sa Huỳnh culture . Quảng Nam was once the political and near the geographic centre of Champa and the province was gifted in 1307 in exchange for a marriage to

56-530: A Vietnamese or Dai Viet princess. For some time both the most powerful city-state and the busiest Cham port (at Hội An ) were located in what is now Quảng Nam. Trade in luxury goods from the Central Highlands was the basis of this wealth and power. As a result of warfare with Vietnam, the centre of political power of the Cham shifted south to Vijaya . The trade in luxuries continued for some time under

84-579: A practice unique to the culture. Ritually broken offerings usually accompanied the jar burials. The culture is also typified by its unique ear ornaments featuring two-headed animals , believed by some to depict saola . The ornaments were commonly made from jade ( nephrite ), but also made from glass . Bead ornaments were also commonly found in Sa Huynh burials, most commonly made from glass. The Sa Huỳnh culture showed evidence of an extensive trade network that existed between 500 BC to AD 1500, known as

112-535: A trade hub, Quang Nam would also serve as the site where Western influence would enter into Vietnam. Notably Alexandre de Rhodes who had written the alphabet, and also where a military alliance with France was signed between Nguyen dynasty monarchs fleeing the Tay Son Rebellion. The region would also see the start of French colonization during Cochinchina campaign and the Siege of Tourane . The province

140-402: Is an evergreen tree indigenous to mainland Southeast Asia . Saigon cinnamon is more closely related to cassia ( C. cassia ) than to Ceylon cinnamon ( C. verum ), though in the same genus as both. Saigon cinnamon has 1-5% essential oil content and 25% cinnamaldehyde in essential oil. Consequently, among the species, Saigon cinnamon commands a relatively high price. The scientific name

168-467: Is around 10 km east of it. National Road 14 runs from Thừa Thiên Huế province through the west of Quảng Nam to Đắk Glei district in Kon Tum province in the Central Highlands . It is connected to National Road 1A by 14B in north and 14E in central Quảng Nam and the border to Laos through 14D. 57.7% of the roads in (national, provincial, or district) are paved with asphalt, which is somewhat above

196-465: Is covered by forests, making it one of the most forested provinces in Vietnam. Forests dominate in the west of the province and along the border to Quảng Ngãi province . 111,900ha of land are used for agriculture, mostly in the east of the province. The Thu Bồn River system covers most of the province (except for the south-east), making it one of the largest river systems in central Vietnam. It led to

224-434: Is famous for its production of Saigon cinnamon. The economy of Quảng Nam has been growing rapidly in recent years. GDP growth in 2010 was 12.7% and the goal for 2011 is 13.5%. Growth has been between 12 and 15% in the years from 2005 to 2007, mostly driven by a booming industrial sector (growing more than 20% per year) and to a lesser extent the service sector. GDP per capita in 2007 was 8.76 million Vietnamese đồng , 65.2% of

252-463: Is moderately toxic to the liver and kidneys, and minor neurological dysfunction was found in children exposed to coumarin during pregnancy. Saigon cinnamon is produced primarily in Vietnam, both for domestic use and export. The Vietnam War disrupted production, but since the beginning of the early 21st century, Vietnam has resumed export of the spice, including to the United States, where it

280-455: Is the site of many of the province's factories. A smaller industrial zone is located in Tam Kỳ with factories producing electrical equipment, garments, and processed wood. Major industrial export products include leather shoes (US$ 51.26 million in 2007), garments (US$ 31.33 million), wooden products (US$ 8.587 million), and paper materials (US$ 2.136 million). Industrial products more oriented towards

308-447: The Nguyễn lords but declined gradually, especially under the Nguyễn dynasty and further in colonial Vietnam, when the economic focus shifted to the agriculture of the large river deltas. As the site contained several mountain passes, it has historically been a center for conflict between ruling powers and dynastic struggles. The site was the scene of heavy inter-dynastic fighting between

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336-587: The Northern Philippines ). Sa Huynh also produced beads made from glass, carnelian , agate , olivine , zircon , gold and garnet ; most of whom use materials that are also imported . Han dynasty -style bronze mirrors were also found in Sa Huynh sites. Saigon Cinnamon Saigon cinnamon ( Cinnamomum loureiroi , also known as Vietnamese cinnamon or Vietnamese cassia and quế trà my , quế thanh , or " quế trà bồng" in Vietnam)

364-960: The Trịnh–Nguyễn War and the point in which the Nguyen dynasty had escaped following their expulsion from their strongholds in the north. Its primary city of Hội An was destroyed and rebuilt during the Tay Son rebellion . The province of Quang Nam has historically served as a trade site and was a major port region in Southeast Asia for trading high-grade silk, fabrics, paper, porcelain, areca nuts, pepper, Chinese medicines, elephant tusks, beeswax, mother-of-pearl and lacquer. The Dutch brought Vietnamese slaves they captured from Nguyễn lord territories in Quảng Nam province to their colony in Taiwan . As

392-689: The World Heritage Road which connects different World Heritage Sites in Central Vietnam. Another popular tourist site is Cu Lao Cham ( Cham Islands ). Sa Hu%E1%BB%B3nh culture The Sa Huỳnh culture was a culture in what is now central and southern Vietnam that flourished between 1000 BC and 200 AD. Archaeological sites from the culture have been discovered from the Mekong Delta to Quảng Bình province in central Vietnam . The Sa Huynh people were most likely

420-889: The Sa Huynh-Kalanay Interaction Sphere (named after the Sa Huỳnh culture and the Kalanay Cave of Masbate , Philippines ). It was mainly between Sa Huỳnh and the Philippines, but also extended into archaeological sites in Taiwan , Southern Thailand , and northeastern Borneo . It is characterized by shared red-slipped pottery traditions, as well as double-headed and penannular ornaments known as lingling-o made from materials like green jade (sourced from Taiwan ), green mica (from Mindoro ), black nephrite (from Hà Tĩnh ) and clay (from Vietnam and

448-532: The coast and increasingly high elevations towards the west, with the highest elevations along the border to Laos and Kon Tum province . The highest peak is Ngọc Linh mountain at 2598m. In contrast to the other provinces of the South Central Coast there are no hills or mountains near the coast (with the exception of the Chàm Islands with a peak of 517m). More than half of Quảng Nam's area

476-424: The domestic market include fish sauce (3.69 million liters), bricks (253 million pieces), fabric (52.5 million meters), and hand farming tools (2 million pieces). Quang Nam has the biggest gas warehouse in the central area: Total Gas & Power Co. Ltd's Ky Ha gas warehouse. National Route 1 runs through the east of the province. Both Tam Kỳ and Chu Lai Economic Zone are located along this road, while Hội An

504-416: The main driving force of Quảng Nam's economy in the first decade of the century. In 2010 it contributed 40.1% to the provincial GDP, up from just 25.3% in 2000 and employed 99,600 workers in 2007, compared to 51,600 in 2000. Industrial GDP has increased 2.48 times between 2000 and 2007 and continues to grow at around 20%. Chu Lai Economic Zone is located in the south of the province along National Road 1 and

532-407: The median value of provinces in Vietnam. The value is much higher and significantly better than the median for provincially managed roads: 87.68%. Only 29% of respondents to a survey of businesses in 2009 stated that road quality is good or very good (slightly above the median). Vietnam's North–South railway runs through the provinces. Some, but not all, trains stop at Tam Kỳ railway station serving

560-440: The national average. Quảng Nam's economy has been diversified significantly during the first decade of the 21st century. Agriculture, forestry, and fishery made up 41.5% of the province's GDP in 2000 but only 21.4% in 2010. This is only a relative decline. Growth of the first sector has been positive but overshadowed by industrial and service growth. It was between 2 and 4% between 2000 and 2007 and 4.5% in 2010. The vast majority of

588-452: The output of other crops has been increased: peanuts from 10,700t to 16,900t, rubber from 0t to 186t, pepper from 22t to 205t, and cashew nuts from 362t to 2345t. Given the recent significant expansion of rubber plantations, this crop is likely to grow further. So far, only peanut cultivation is significant in a national context, making up 3.35% of national output, while the other non-cereal crops contribute less than 1%. Industrial GDP has been

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616-565: The predecessors of the Cham people , an Austronesian-speaking people and the founders of the kingdom of Champa . The site at Sa Huỳnh was discovered in 1909. Sa Huỳnh sites were rich in locally worked iron artefacts, typified by axes, swords, spearheads, knives and sickles . In contrast, bronze artifacts were dominant in the Đông Sơn culture sites found in northern Vietnam and elsewhere in mainland Southeast Asia. The Sa Huỳnh culture cremated adults and buried them in jars covered with lids,

644-564: The provincial capital Tam Kỳ . Da Nang International Airport is located in Da Nang just north of Quảng Nam. Another airport, Chu Lai Airport is located in Núi Thành district in the south of the province near Quảng Ngãi province , serving Chu Lai Economic Zone. The province has two UNESCO World Heritage Sites : the ancient town of Hội An and the Mỹ Sơn temple complex. It also lies on

672-487: The rise of an ancient Cham city state that was once Champa's most influential city and also included one of its most important commercial ports at Hội An . Quảng Nam subdivided into 18 district-level sub-divisions: They are further subdivided into 13 commune-level towns (or townlets), 213 communes, and 18 wards. Quảng Nam has two famous traditional products: the world's highest essential oil content Trà My cinnamon (aka Saigon Cinnamon ) and Ngọc Linh ginseng . Quảng Nam

700-557: The work force is still employed in this sector: 524,700 out of 778,300 as of 2007 (down from 548,700 in 2000). Harvests of rice, which takes up 75% of the agricultural area, has increased from 329,900 tons in 2000 to 395,100 tons in 2007 (1.1% of the national rice output). The cultivation of industrial crops has experienced a significant transformation. The production of some crops has declined significantly: sugar cane from 170,400t in 2000 to 46,500t in 2007, tobacco from 2200t to 900t, tea from 1935t to 821t, and coconut from 8741t to 3675t, while

728-512: Was originally spelled as Cinnamomum loureirii , but because the species is named after the botanist João de Loureiro , this is to be treated under the ICN as an orthographic error for the correctly derived spelling of loureiroi . Saigon cinnamon contains the second highest amount of coumarin of all the four Cinnamomum species sold as cinnamon (after Indonesian cinnamon ), with one study detecting 6.97 g/kg in an authenticated sample. Coumarin

756-526: Was split into two in 1962, with the southern half known as Quảng Tín province . The province was also the site of heavy fighting during the Vietnam War , until it was captured in the Hue–Da Nang Campaign . The two provinces were merged again after unification in 1976. In 1997 its former capital city of Da Nang was separated into its own administrative entity. Quảng Nam comprises flat land along

784-549: Was unavailable for nearly 20 years. Although it is called Saigon cinnamon, it is not produced in the area around the southern city of Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon) , but instead in the Central Highlands regions of the country, particularly the Quảng Ngãi Province of central Vietnam. Saigon cinnamon is used primarily for its aromatic bark , which has a taste quite similar to that of C. cassia , but with

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