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37-650: The Queen Charlotte Mountains are a mountain range comprising all mountains and small mountain ranges of Haida Gwaii , British Columbia , Canada . It is the northernmost subrange of the Insular Mountains . They are subdivided into the Queen Charlotte Ranges, which comprise a small part of southwestern Graham Island and most of Moresby Island, and the Skidegate Plateau , which runs NW-SE on central Graham Island and includes

74-568: A location on the Coast of British Columbia , Canada is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Mountain range Mountain ranges are usually segmented by highlands or mountain passes and valleys . Individual mountains within the same mountain range do not necessarily have the same geologic structure or petrology . They may be a mix of different orogenic expressions and terranes , for example thrust sheets , uplifted blocks , fold mountains, and volcanic landforms resulting in

111-698: A mansion in the Vindhyas. In Dashakumaracharita , the King Rajahamsa of Magadha and his ministers create a new colony in the Vindhya forest, after being forced out of their kingdom following a war defeat. The Vindhyas are one of the only two mountain ranges mentioned in the national anthem of India , the other being the Himalayas. Several tributaries of the Ganga-Yamuna system originate from

148-529: A part of the Vindhyas. Today, the definition of the Vindhyas is primarily restricted to the Central Indian escarpments, hills and highlands located to the north of the Narmada River . Some of these are actually distinct hill systems. The western end of the Vindhya range is located in the state of Gujarat , near the state's border with Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh , at the eastern side of

185-843: A variety of rock types . Most geologically young mountain ranges on the Earth's land surface are associated with either the Pacific Ring of Fire or the Alpide belt . The Pacific Ring of Fire includes the Andes of South America, extends through the North American Cordillera , the Aleutian Range , on through Kamchatka Peninsula , Japan , Taiwan , the Philippines , Papua New Guinea , to New Zealand . The Andes

222-685: Is 300–650 metres (980–2,130 ft), with the range rarely going over 700 metres (2,300 ft) during its 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) extent. The highest point of the Vindhyas is the Sad-bhawna Shikhar ("Goodwill Peak"), which lies 752 metres (2,467 ft) above the sea level. Also known as the Kalumar peak or Kalumbe peak, it lies near Singrampur in the Damoh district , in the area known as Bhanrer or Panna hills. Historical texts include Amarkantak (1,000 m+ or 3,300 ft+) in

259-722: Is 7,000 kilometres (4,350 mi) long and is often considered the world's longest mountain system. The Alpide belt stretches 15,000 km across southern Eurasia , from Java in Maritime Southeast Asia to the Iberian Peninsula in Western Europe , including the ranges of the Himalayas , Karakoram , Hindu Kush , Alborz , Caucasus , and the Alps . The Himalayas contain the highest mountains in

296-401: Is a complex, discontinuous chain of mountain ridges , hill ranges, highlands and plateau escarpments in west-central India . Technically, the Vindhyas do not form a single mountain range in the geological sense. The exact extent of the Vindhyas is loosely defined, and historically, the term covered a number of distinct hill systems in central India , including the one that is now known as

333-405: Is a plateau that lies to the north of the central part of the range. The Rewa - Panna plateaus are also collectively known as the Vindhya plateau. Different sources vary on the average elevation of the Vindhyas, depending on their definition of the range. M. C. Chaturvedi mentions the average elevation as 300 metres (980 ft). Pradeep Sharma states that the "general elevation" of the Vindhyas

370-467: Is also known as "Vindhyachala" or "Vindhyachal"; the suffix achala (Sanskrit) or achal (Hindi) refers to a mountain. In the Mahabharata , the range is also referred to as Vindhyapadaparvata . The Greek geographer Ptolemy called the range Vindius or Ouindion, describing it as the source of Namados ( Narmada ) and Nanagouna ( Tapti ) rivers. The "Daksinaparvata" ("Southern Mountain") mentioned in

407-538: Is at work while the mountains are being uplifted until the mountains are reduced to low hills and plains. The early Cenozoic uplift of the Rocky Mountains of Colorado provides an example. As the uplift was occurring some 10,000 feet (3,000 m) of mostly Mesozoic sedimentary strata were removed by erosion over the core of the mountain range and spread as sand and clays across the Great Plains to

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444-522: Is derived from the Sanskrit word vaindh (to obstruct) and is in reference to a mythological story. The Vindhya range is also known as "Vindhyachala" or "Vindhyachal"; the suffix achala (Sanskrit) or achal ( Hindi ) refers to a mountain. The Vindhyas have a great significance in Indian mythology and history . Several ancient texts mention the Vindhyas as the southern boundary of the Āryāvarta ,

481-531: Is drier, having been stripped of much of its moisture. Often, a rain shadow will affect the leeward side of a range. As a consequence, large mountain ranges, such as the Andes, compartmentalize continents into distinct climate regions . Mountain ranges are constantly subjected to erosional forces which work to tear them down. The basins adjacent to an eroding mountain range are then filled with sediments that are buried and turned into sedimentary rock . Erosion

518-589: The Indo-Aryans and that of the others. The most ancient Hindu texts consider it as the southern boundary of Aryavarta . The Mahabharata mentions that the Nishadas and other Mleccha tribes reside in the forests of the Vindhyas. Although the Indo-Aryan languages (such as Marathi and Konkani ) spread to the south of Vindhyas later, the Vindhyas continued to be seen as the traditional boundary between

555-726: The Kathiawar peninsula. A series of hills connects the Vindhya extension to the Aravalli Range near Champaner . The Vindhya range rises in height east of Chhota Udaipur . The principal Vindhya range forms the southern escarpment of the Central Indian upland. It runs roughly parallel to the Naramada river in the east-west direction, forming the southern wall of the Malwa plateau in Madhya Pradesh. The eastern portion of

592-505: The Kaushitaki Upanishad is also identified with the Vindhyas. The Vindhyas do not form a single range in the proper geological sense: the hills collectively known as the Vindhyas do not lie along an anticlinal or synclinal ridge. The Vindhya range is actually a group of discontinuous chain of mountain ridges , hill ranges, highlands and plateau escarpments . The term "Vindhyas" is defined by convention, and therefore,

629-642: The Mithrim Montes and Doom Mons on Titan, and Tenzing Montes and Hillary Montes on Pluto. Some terrestrial planets other than Earth also exhibit rocky mountain ranges, such as Maxwell Montes on Venus taller than any on Earth and Tartarus Montes on Mars . Jupiter's moon Io has mountain ranges formed from tectonic processes including the Boösaule , Dorian, Hi'iaka and Euboea Montes . Vindhya Range The Vindhya Range (also known as Vindhyachal ) ( pronounced [ʋɪnd̪ʱjə] )

666-516: The Mount Meru , growing so high that it obstructed the sun. The sage Agastya then asked Vindhya to lower itself, in order to facilitate his passage across to the south. In reverence for Agastya, the Vindhya lowered its height and promised not to grow until Agastya returned to the north. Agastya settled in the south, and the Vindhya mountain, true to its word, never grew further. The Kishkindha Kanda of Valmiki's Ramayana mentions that Maya built

703-473: The Ocean Ridge forms the longest continuous mountain system on Earth, with a length of 65,000 kilometres (40,400 mi). The position of mountain ranges influences climate, such as rain or snow. When air masses move up and over mountains, the air cools, producing orographic precipitation (rain or snow). As the air descends on the leeward side, it warms again (following the adiabatic lapse rate ) and

740-556: The Satpura Range . Today, the term principally refers to the escarpment and its hilly extensions that runs north of and roughly parallel to the Narmada River in Madhya Pradesh . Depending on the definition, the range extends up to Gujarat in the west, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar in the north, and Chhattisgarh in the east. The average elevation of the Vindhyas is also dependent on different sources. The word Vindhya

777-481: The Vindhya range as the residence of fierce form of Shakti (goddess Kali or Durga ), who has lived there since slaying the demons. She is described as Vindhyavasini ("Vindhya dweller"), and a temple dedicated to her is located in the Vindhyachal town of Uttar Pradesh . The Mahabharata mentions the Vindhyas as the "eternal abode" of Kali. According to one legend, the Vindhya mountain once competed with

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814-645: The Vindhyas comprises multiple chains, as the range divides into branches east of Malwa. A southern chain of Vindhyas runs between the upper reaches of the Son and Narmada rivers to meet the Satpura Range in the Maikal Hills near Amarkantak . A northern chain of the Vindhyas continues eastwards as Bhander Plateau and Kaimur Range , which runs north of the Son River . This extended range runs through what

851-472: The Vindhyas once obstructed the path of the sun, resulting in this name. The Ramayana states that the great mountain Vindhya that was growing incessantly and obstructing the path of the Sun stopped growing any more in obedience to Agastya's words. According to another theory, the name "Vindhya" means "hunter" in Sanskrit , and may refer to the tribal hunter-gatherers inhabiting the region. The Vindhya range

888-527: The Vindhyas, but today, it is considered a part of the Maikal Range , which is considered as an extension of the Satpuras. The Vindhyas are regarded as the traditional geographical boundary between northern and southern India, and have a distinguished status in both mythology and geography of India . In the ancient Indian texts, the Vindhyas are seen as the demarcating line between the territories of

925-531: The Vindhyas. These include Chambal , Betwa , Dhasan , Sunar , Ken , Tamsa , Kali Sindh and Parbati . The northern slopes of the Vindhyas are drained by these rivers. Narmada and Son rivers drain the southern slopes of the Vindhyas. Both these rivers rise in the Maikal hills , which are now defined as an extension of the Satpuras, although several older texts use the term Vindhyas to cover them (see Historical definitions above). The "Vindhyan Supergroup"

962-485: The east. This mass of rock was removed as the range was actively undergoing uplift. The removal of such a mass from the core of the range most likely caused further uplift as the region adjusted isostatically in response to the removed weight. Rivers are traditionally believed to be the principal cause of mountain range erosion, by cutting into bedrock and transporting sediment. Computer simulation has shown that as mountain belts change from tectonically active to inactive,

999-700: The exact definition of the Vindhya range has varied at different times in history. Earlier, the term "Vindhyas" was used in a wider sense and included a number of hill ranges between the Indo-Gangetic plain and the Deccan Plateau . According to the various definitions mentioned in the older texts, the Vindhyas extend up to the Godavari in the south and the Ganges in the north. In certain Puranas ,

1036-500: The hills in Central India. In one passage, Valmiki 's Ramayana describes Vindhya as being situated to the south of Kishkindha (Ramayana IV-46. 17), which is identified with a part of the present-day Karnataka . It further implies that the sea was located just to the south of the Vindhyas, and Lanka was located across this sea. Many scholars have attempted to explain this anomaly in different ways. According to one theory,

1073-545: The north and the south of India. Vindhyas appear prominently in the Indian mythological tales. Although the Vindhyas are not very high, historically, they were considered highly inaccessible and dangerous due to dense vegetation and the hostile tribes residing there. In the older Sanskrit texts, such as the Ramayana , they are described as the unknown territory infested with cannibals and demons . The later texts describe

1110-822: The northeastern tip of Moresby Island. To the plateau's northeast is the Queen Charlotte Lowland , which is part of the Hecate Depression and includes the Argonaut Plain . Mount Moresby is the highest mountain associated with the Queen Charlotte Mountains, at 1,164 m (3,819 ft). This article related to a mountain, mountain range, or peak in British Columbia , Canada is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about

1147-627: The rate of erosion drops because there are fewer abrasive particles in the water and fewer landslides. Mountains on other planets and natural satellites of the Solar System, including the Moon , are often isolated and formed mainly by processes such as impacts, though there are examples of mountain ranges (or "Montes") somewhat similar to those on Earth. Saturn 's moon Titan and Pluto , in particular, exhibit large mountain ranges in chains composed mainly of ices rather than rock. Examples include

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1184-515: The seven Kula Parvatas ("clan mountains") of Bharatavarsha , that is, India. The exact identification of these three ranges is difficult due to contrasting descriptions in the various texts. For example, the Kurma , Matsya and Brahmanda Puranas mention Vindhya as the source of Tapti ; while Vishnu and Brahma Puranas mention the Rksa as its source. Some texts use the term Vindhyas to describe all

1221-664: The term "Vindhyas" covered a number of mountains to the south of the Indo-Aryan territories at the time Ramayana was written. Others, such as Frederick Eden Pargiter , believe that there was another mountain in South India, with the same name. Madhav Vinayak Kibe placed the location of Lanka in Central India . The Barabar Cave inscription of the Maukhari ruler Anantavarman mentions the Nagarjuni hill of Bihar as

1258-846: The term Vindhya specifically covers the mountain range located between the Narmada and the Tapti rivers; that is, the one which is now known as the Satpura Range . The Varaha Purana uses the name "Vindhya-pada" ("foot of the Vindhyas") for the Satpura range. Several ancient Indian texts and inscriptions (e.g. the Nasik Prasasti of Gautamiputra Satakarni ) mention three mountain ranges in Central India: Vindhya (or "Vindhya proper"), Rksa (also Rksavat or Riksha) and Pariyatra (or Paripatra). The three ranges are included in

1295-531: The territory of the ancient Indo-Aryan peoples . Although today Indo-Aryan languages are spoken south of the Vindhyas, the range continues to be considered as the traditional boundary between north and south India . The former Vindhya Pradesh was named after the Vindhya Range. According to the author of a commentary on Amarakosha , the word Vindhya derives from the Sanskrit word vaindh (to obstruct). A mythological story (see below ) states that

1332-543: The world, including Mount Everest , which is 8,848 metres (29,029 ft) high. Mountain ranges outside these two systems include the Arctic Cordillera , Appalachians , Great Dividing Range , East Siberians , Altais , Scandinavians , Qinling , Western Ghats , Vindhyas , Byrrangas , and the Annamite Range . If the definition of a mountain range is stretched to include underwater mountains, then

1369-579: Was once Vindhya Pradesh , reaching up to the Kaimur district of Bihar. The branch of the Vindhya range spanning across Bundelkhand is known as the Panna range. Another northern extension (known as the Vindhyachal hills) runs up to Uttar Pradesh , stopping before the shores of Ganga at multiple places, including Vindhyachal and Chunar ( Mirzapur District ), near Varanasi . The Vindhyan tableland

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