Misplaced Pages

#387612

31-526: The protocol used has since been superseded with HTTP Live Streaming used in iOS and Mac OS . This Classic Mac OS and/or macOS software –related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This computer networking article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . HTTP Live Streaming HTTP Live Streaming (also known as HLS ) is an HTTP -based adaptive bitrate streaming communications protocol developed by Apple Inc. and released in 2009. Support for

62-432: A multimedia file is partitioned into one or more segments and delivered to a client using HTTP . A media presentation description (MPD) describes segment information (timing, URL , media characteristics like video resolution and bit rates ), and can be organized in different ways such as SegmentList, SegmentTemplate, SegmentBase and SegmentTimeline, depending on the use case. Segments can contain any media data, however

93-581: A HLS stream, go to File > Open Stream and replace "http://" with "itls://" (for video streams) or "itals://" (for audio streams) in the stream URL. iPhone, iPad, and AppleTV Plays Internet Radio Streams HLS Audio - 100% Compliant AAC-LC/HE-AAC/xHE-AAC 2.0 Stereo/5.1-7.1 Surround ES - Elementary Stream ADTS fMP4 - Fragmented ISO MP4 Displays Synchronous Realtime Metadata and Graphics VLC 3.0 has full HLS support. Supported protocols IN only: SDVoE and NDI MPEG-DASH Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP ( DASH ), also known as MPEG-DASH ,

124-516: A bit rate adaptation (ABR) algorithm to automatically select the segment with the highest bit rate possible that can be downloaded in time for playback without causing stalls or re-buffering events in the playback. The current MPEG-DASH reference client dash.js offers both buffer-based (BOLA ) and hybrid (DYNAMIC ) bit rate adaptation algorithms. Thus, an MPEG-DASH client can seamlessly adapt to changing network conditions and provide high quality playback with few stalls or re-buffering events. MPEG-DASH

155-1028: A proprietary browser engine that was used in Microsoft Edge (now referred to as Edge Legacy) before the transition to the Chromium-based Blink browser engine. Edge Legacy was included in Windows 10 up till version 2004. It was replaced by Edge Chromium in version 20H2. Along with Windows 11 , Microsoft released an updated Media Player that supports HLS natively. Has full HLS support. Support via Media Source Extensions on Edge Chromium. No native support on Edge Chromium from version 79 to present. Support via Media Source Extensions on other OS. Android and iOS have OS-dependent native support. Other platforms require Media Source Extensions. Support via Media Source Extensions on other OS. Other platforms require Media Source Extensions. Has full HLS support. Has full HLS support. To play

186-467: A second (e.g. 200 milliseconds). The standard first segment is replaced by the series of partial segments. Subsequent segments are of the standard size. HTTP/2 is required to push the segments along with the playlist, reducing the overhead of establishing repeated HTTP/TCP connections. Other features include: Apple also added new tools: tsrecompressor produces and encodes a continuous low latency stream of audio and video. The mediastreamsegmenter tool

217-399: A short interval of playback time of content that is potentially many hours in duration, such as a movie or the live broadcast of a sport event. The content is made available at a variety of different bit rates, i.e., alternative segments encoded at different bit rates covering aligned short intervals of playback time. While the content is being played back by an MPEG-DASH client, the client uses

248-456: A specification into a real business. It consists of major streaming and media companies, including Microsoft, Netflix, Google, Ericsson, Samsung, Adobe, etc. and creates guidelines on the usage of DASH for different use cases in practice. MPEG-DASH is integrated in other standards, e.g. MPEG-DASH is supported in HbbTV (as of Version 1.5). DASH is an adaptive bitrate streaming technology where

279-433: A standard encryption mechanism and secure-key distribution using HTTPS , which together provide a simple DRM system. Later versions of the protocol also provide for trick-mode fast-forward and rewind and for integration of subtitles. Apple has documented HTTP Live Streaming as an Internet Draft (Individual Submission), the first stage in the process of publishing it as a Request for Comments (RFC). As of December 2015,

310-475: Is an adaptive bitrate streaming technique that enables high quality streaming of media content over the Internet delivered from conventional HTTP web servers. Similar to Apple's HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) solution, MPEG-DASH works by breaking the content into a sequence of small segments, which are served over HTTP . An early HTTP web server based streaming system called SProxy was developed and deployed in

341-483: Is based on Adaptive HTTP streaming (AHS) in 3GPP Release 9 and on HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) in Open IPTV Forum Release 2. As part of their collaboration with MPEG, 3GPP Release 10 has adopted DASH (with specific codecs and operating modes) for use over wireless networks. The DASH Industry Forum ( DASH-IF ) further promotes and catalyzes the adoption of MPEG-DASH and helps transition it from

SECTION 10

#1732783951388

372-458: Is now available in a low-latency version. It is an HLS segmenter that takes in a UDP/MPEG-TS stream from tsrecompressor and generates a media playlist, including the new tags above. Support for low-latency HLS is available in tvOS 13 beta, and iOS & iPadOS 14. On April 30, 2020, Apple added the low latency specifications to the second edition of the main HLS specification. Dynamic ad insertion

403-420: Is sent to the client using an extended M3U playlist . Based on standard HTTP transactions, HTTP Live Streaming can traverse any firewall or proxy server that lets through standard HTTP traffic, unlike UDP-based protocols such as RTP . This also allows content to be offered from conventional HTTP servers and delivered over widely available HTTP-based content delivery networks . The standard also includes

434-477: Is supported in HLS using splice information based on SCTE-35 specification. The SCTE-35 splice message is inserted into the media playlist file using the EXT-X-DATERANGE tag. Each SCTE-35 splice_info_section() is represented by an EXT-X-DATERANGE tag with a SCTE35-CMD attribute. A SCTE-35 splice out/in pair signaled by the splice_insert() commands is represented by one or more EXT-X-DATERANGE tags carrying

465-608: Is the first adaptive bit-rate HTTP-based streaming solution that is an international standard. MPEG-DASH should not be confused with a transport protocol — the transport protocol that MPEG-DASH uses depends on which version of HTTP is used: TCP over HTTP and HTTP/2 , or UDP over HTTP/3 . MPEG-DASH uses existing HTTP web server infrastructure that is used for delivery of essentially all World Wide Web content. It allows devices like Internet-connected televisions, TV set-top boxes, desktop computers, smartphones, tablets, etc. to receive multimedia content (video, TV, radio, etc.) delivered via

496-644: The HTML5 Media Source Extensions (MSE). There are also JavaScript implementations such as the bitdash player which support DRM for MPEG-DASH using the HTML5 Encrypted Media Extensions . In combination with WebGL, the HTML5-based adaptive bitrate streaming of MPEG-DASH enables also the efficient streaming of 360° video for live and on-demand use cases. Note that no specific support is required from

527-501: The Hewlett Packard Laboratories in 2006. It showed how to use HTTP range requests to break the content into small segments. SProxy shows the effectiveness of segment based streaming, gaining best Internet penetration due to the wide deployment of firewalls, and reducing the unnecessary traffic transmission if a user chooses to terminate the streaming session earlier before reaching the end. Each segment contains

558-508: The Internet, coping with variable Internet receiving conditions. Standardizing an adaptive streaming solution is meant to provide confidence to the market that the solution can be adopted for universal deployment, compared to similar but more proprietary solutions like Smooth Streaming by Microsoft, or HDS by Adobe. Unlike HDS, or Smooth Streaming, DASH is codec-agnostic , which means it can use content encoded with any coding format , such as H.265 , H.264 , VP9 , etc. MPEG-DASH technology

589-697: The MPEG Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP standard. MPEG-DASH is available natively on Android through the ExoPlayer, on Samsung Smart TVs 2012+, LG Smart TV 2012+, Sony TV 2012+, Philips NetTV 4.1+, Panasonic Viera 2013+ and Chromecast. YouTube as well as Netflix already support MPEG-DASH, and different MPEG-DASH players are available. While MPEG-DASH isn't directly supported in HTML5, there are JavaScript implementations of MPEG-DASH which allow using MPEG-DASH in web browsers using

620-434: The adaptive bitrate streaming (ABR) logic. DASH is also agnostic to the underlying application layer protocol. Thus, DASH can be used with any protocol, e.g., DASH over CCN . On July 27, 2015, MPEG LA announced a call for MPEG-DASH-related patents in order to create a single patent pool for this technology. MPEG LA announced its MPEG-DASH patent portfolio licence. MPEG-LA claims that the included patents are essential to

651-609: The authors of that document have requested the RFC Independent Stream Editor (ISE) to publish the document as an informational (non-standard) RFC outside of the IETF consensus process. In August 2017, RFC  8216 was published to describe version 7 of the protocol. HTTP Live Streaming uses a conventional web server , that implements support for HTTP Live Streaming (HLS), to distribute audiovisual content and requires specific software, such as OBS to fit

SECTION 20

#1732783951388

682-475: The content into a proper format ( codec ) for transmission in real time over a network . The service architecture comprises: HTTP Live Streaming provides mechanisms for players to adapt to unreliable network conditions without causing user-visible playback stalling. For example, on an unreliable wireless network, HLS allows the player to use a lower quality video, thus reducing bandwidth usage. HLS videos can be made highly available by providing multiple servers for

713-413: The glass-to-glass delay when streaming via HLS by reducing the time to start live stream playbacks and maintain that time during a live-streaming event. It works by adding partial media segment files into the mix, much like MPEG-CMAF's fMP4. Unlike CMAF, ALHLS also supports partial MPEG-2 TS transport files. A partial media segment is a standard segment (e.g. 6 seconds) split into equal segments of less than

744-428: The inclusion of byte-range addressing for fragmented MP4 files, or fMP4, allowing content to be played via HLS without the need to multiplex it into MPEG-2 Transport Stream . The industry considered this as a step towards compatibility between HLS and MPEG-DASH . Two unrelated HLS extensions with a Low Latency name and corresponding acronym exist: The remainder of this section describes Apple's ALHLS. It reduces

775-492: The protocol is widespread in media players, web browsers, mobile devices, and streaming media servers. As of 2022 , an annual video industry survey has consistently found it to be the most popular streaming format. HLS resembles MPEG-DASH in that it works by breaking the overall stream into a sequence of small HTTP-based file downloads, each downloading one short chunk of an overall potentially unbounded transport stream. A list of available streams, encoded at different bit rates,

806-553: The replacement of the media files, only the URIs in the playlist need to be changed to point to different ad programs. The ad replacement can be done on the origin server or on the client's media-playing device. Notable server implementations supporting HTTP Live Streaming include: HTTP Live Streaming is natively supported in the following operating systems: Windows 10 used to have native support for HTTP Live Streaming in EdgeHTML ,

837-562: The same ID attribute. The SCTE-35 splice out command should have the SCTE35-OUT attribute and the splice in command should have the SCTE35-IN attribute. Between the two EXT-X-DATERANGE tags that contain the SCTE35-OUT and SCTE35-IN attributes respectively, there may be a sequence of media segment URIs. These media segments normally represent ad programs that can be replaced by the local or customized ad. The ad replacement does not require

868-486: The same video, allowing the player to swap seamlessly if one of the servers fails. To enable a player to adapt to the bandwidth of the network, the original video is encoded in several distinct quality levels . The server serves an index, called a master playlist , of these encodings , called variant streams . The player can then choose between the variant streams during playback, changing back and forth seamlessly as network conditions change. At WWDC 2016 Apple announced

899-473: The server for DASH content, with the exception of Live Streaming. Windows 10 used to have native support for DASH streaming in EdgeHTML , a proprietary browser engine that was used in Microsoft Edge (now referred to as Edge Legacy) before the transition to the Chromium-based Blink browser engine. Edge Legacy was included in Windows 10 up till version 2004. It was replaced by Edge Chromium in version 20H2. DASH support on other browsers & operating systems

930-558: The specification provides specific guidance and formats for use with two types of containers: ISO base media file format (e.g. MP4 file format) or MPEG-2 Transport Stream . DASH is audio/video codec agnostic. One or more representations (i.e., versions at different resolutions or bit rates) of multimedia files are typically available, and selection can be made based on network conditions, device capabilities and user preferences, enabling adaptive bitrate streaming and QoE (Quality of Experience) fairness . DASH standard does not specify

961-604: Was developed under MPEG . Work on DASH started in 2010; it became a Draft International Standard in January 2011, and an International Standard in November 2011. The MPEG-DASH standard was published in April, 2012 but has been revised in 2019 and then once more in 2022 as [1] . DASH is a technology related to Adobe Systems HTTP Dynamic Streaming , Apple Inc. HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) and Microsoft Smooth Streaming . DASH

QuickTime Streaming Server - Misplaced Pages Continue

#387612