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34-682: (Redirected from Qurnah ) Qurna may refer to; Kurna , three village areas near the Theban Hills in Egypt al-Qurnah , a city in Iraq Battle of Qurna , fought in, Qurna, Iraq Lake Kournas , a village and a lake in Crete, Greece West Qurna Field , an oil field near Qurna, Iraq Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

68-467: A form of mud latticework ), as well as vernacular architecture techniques of the Gourna region. Some critics have observed, however, that Fathy's project for Gourna is not a superlative example of how to prioritize vernacular architecture in an urban plan, given that the domed architecture Fathy championed is traditionally used for funerary architecture rather than residential or domestic spaces. Despite

102-436: A plan that included the use of appropriate technology , notably mud brick construction. Noting that the traditional village, although afflicted with issues of overcrowding and poor sanitation was also an expression of “a living society in all its complexity,” Fathy strived to design New Gourna in a manner that addressed the social concerns, including attempting to consult directly with "every family in Gourna" and advocating for

136-554: A spread out urban sprawl of housings stretching from approximately the Ramesseum (Mortuary Temple of Ramesses II) to the Mortuary Temple of Seti I on the east side of the Theban Hills, including the current place names of Sheikh Abd el-Qurna , el-Assasif , el-Khokha , Dra ’Abu el-Nage ’ and Qurna . During the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries, visitors and travelers to the area are rarely consistent in their use of

170-470: Is also renowned for having revived the traditional Nubian vault . National Life Stories conducted an oral history interview (C467/37) with Hassan Fathy in 1986 for its Architects Lives' collection held by the British Library. Hassan Fathy made use of windcatchers and other passive cooling and passive ventilation methods from traditional architecture. He wrote a book on them. Fathy

204-678: Is featured in the documentary Il ne suffit pas que dieu soit avec les pauvres (1978) by Borhane Alaouié and Lotfi Thabet. Hassan Fathy's entire archive which includes his architectural plans, photographs and documents is housed at the Rare Books and Special Collections Library at the American University in Cairo .' The collection includes around 5000 architectural plans, 15,000 photographs and his correspondences, writings and other collected papers and materials. Hassan Fathy has

238-408: The 2010 World Monuments Watch List of Most Endangered Sites . Many of the buildings that were built had foundations of salt stones. Due to the high humidity, the salt stones would dissolve, causing the structure of the houses to fail. Villagers would need to adjust and fix their homes every few months in order for the house to remain intact. Qurna is an abandoned village about 100m to the east of

272-639: The American Association for the Advancement of Science in Boston, in 1969 to complete multiple trips per year as a leading critical member of the architectural profession. His participation in the first U.N. Habitat conference in 1976 in Vancouver which was followed shortly by two events that significantly shaped the rest of his activities. He began to serve on the steering committee for

306-617: The Architectural Section of the Faculty of Fine Arts in 1954. Fathy's next major engagement was designing and supervising school construction for Egypt's Ministry of Education . Through his work of the years, and especially after New Gourna, he targeted bureaucracy being one of the leading reasons that the experiment failed, which influenced later actions such as in 1957, frustrated with bureaucracy and convinced that buildings designed with traditional methods appropriate to

340-575: The Future" program in Africa . Returning to Cairo in 1963, he moved to Darb al-Labbana, near the Cairo Citadel , where he lived and worked for the rest of his life. He also did public speaking and private consulting. He was a man with a riveting message in an era searching for alternatives in fuel , personal interactions, and economic supports. He left his first major international position, at

374-584: The Poor: An Experiment in Rural Egypt . A full appreciation of the importance of Fathy's contribution to world architecture became clear only as the twentieth century waned. Climatic conditions , public health considerations, and ancient craft skills also affected his design decisions. Based on the structural massing of ancient buildings, Fathy incorporated dense brick walls and traditional courtyard forms to provide passive cooling. Fathy

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408-462: The Temple of Seti I. Until the early 19th century the community included at least parts of the Temple of Seti I. Several travellers, including Richard Pococke or Sonnini de Manoncourt even name a Sheikh of Qurna. Edward William Lane relates in 1825 that the village was abandoned and not a single inhabitant lived there. Comments by Isabella Frances Romer suggests that the resettling started in

442-404: The climate of the area would speak louder than words, he moved to Athens to collaborate with international planners evolving the principles of ekistical design under the direction of Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis . He served as the advocate of traditional natural-energy solutions in major community projects for Iraq and Pakistan and undertook extended travel and research for the "Cities of

476-599: The effort, and also the proper issues he tackled while building New Gourna, through his publication, Architecture for the Poor Archived 2022-01-17 at the Wayback Machine , he describes the "Gourna Experiment" as a failure. He mentions in Architecture for the Poor Archived 2022-01-17 at the Wayback Machine , “ the Gourna experiment failed." He further describes the sense of failure that due to

510-468: The houses. When the weather would be cool, the homes would stay warm. The design, which combined traditional materials and techniques with modern principles was never completed and much of the fabric of the village has since been lost; all what remains today of the original New Qurna is the mosque, market and a few houses. UNESCO World Heritage conservation wishes to safeguard this important architectural site. The World Monuments Fund included New Qurna in

544-599: The involvement of social ethnographers in the planning process. Despite this, inhabitants of the former village were not enthusiastic about relocating, which effectively cut them off from their existing livelihood of trading in archaeological finds. With regard to aesthetic issues, Fathy placed emphasis on traditional Nubian architectural designs which he observed in a 1941 trip to the region (enclosed courtyards; vaulted roofing), yielding what Fathy described as "spacious, lovely, clean, and harmonious houses." He also made use of traditional Nubian ornamental techniques (claustra,

578-425: The late 1840s. Hassan Fathy alleges that the inhabitants of Qurna lived in poverty and thus were robbing ancient tombs as means of subsistence. Families of the villagers settled down on top of the selected tombs where they would build their houses. Villagers built alongside the tombs, as the tombs became a part of the house. Looted items would either be sold, or kept around the homes of the villagers. In order to stop

612-512: The looting the Department of Antiquities expropriated the land on which the Qurnis lived and decided to move them to a new settlement, to be designed and built by Hassan Fathy himself. No two houses in the village are the same. Kurnis built and shaped the houses and all of the furniture within; including any kind of chairs, tables, beds. New Qurna was built in the 1940s and early 1950 to house

646-462: The name and anything between Medinet Habu and the tombs of el-Tarif can at times be found referred to as part of a Qurna community. A reference to the " Temple of Gourna " or similar, is in most cases a reference to the Ramesseum, to a lesser degree the Temple of Seti I and rarely it is a reference to the all but destroyed Mortuary temples of Ramesses IV, Thutmose III or Thutmose IV. New Qurna

680-1074: The nascent Aga Khan Award for Architecture and he founded and set guiding principles for his Institute of Appropriate Technology. He was part in 1979 of a colloquium entitled in his honour 'Architecture for the Poor' in Corsica (France) Alzipratu. In 1980, he was awarded the Balzan Prize for Architecture and Urban Planning and the Right Livelihood Award . Fathy designed the mosque and madrasa, constructed with adobe , at Dar al-Islam , an educational center near Abiquiú, New Mexico , US. The main buildings were completed in 1981, and Dar al-Islam opened in 1982. Hassan Fathy died of natural causes on November 30, 1989, at his home in Cairo , Egypt. Fathy has been called Egypt's best-known architect since Imhotep . Fathy's New Gourna project

714-416: The price or cost, because we’re at the mercy of the economy. Despite the negative outlooks he had writing these books, he managed to make Gourna a community, and till this day is still preserved with only 40% of the original buildings being lost. It's still standing due to being placed on the 2010 World Monuments Watch , and UNESCO and World Monuments Fund joined forces. In 1953 he returned to Cairo, heading

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748-559: The residents moved into these grottoes from the village of Qurna, which they abandoned, when the Mamluks retreated thought the area, following their defeat by Muhammad 'Alī 's forces in the early 19th century. Hassan Fathy Hassan Fathy ( Egyptian Arabic : حسن فتحي ; March 23, 1900 – November 30, 1989) was a noted Egyptian architect who pioneered appropriate technology for building in Egypt , especially by working to reestablish

782-525: The rural Egyptian economic situation with a wide knowledge of ancient architectural and town design techniques. He trained local inhabitants to make their own materials and build their own buildings. He began teaching at the College of Fine Arts in 1930 and designed his first adobe buildings in the late 1930s. Fathy gained international critical acclaim for his involvement in the construction of New Gourna , located on Luxor 's West Bank, built to resettle

816-589: The then residents who strongly resisted the move. A series of housing built in and around the mountain grottoes located about 200m north of the Ramesseum at Sheikh Abd el-Qurna . The stretch of land has been the bitter battlefield between the original owners and the Egyptian government for the last 60 years, because it lay on top of an archeological area, part of the Tombs of the Nobles . Edward William Lane relates that

850-482: The title Qurna . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qurna&oldid=941066093 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Kurna New Qurna

884-693: The use of adobe and traditional mud construction as opposed to western building designs , material configurations, and lay-outs. Fathy was recognized with the Aga Khan Chairman's Award for Architecture in 1980. Hassan Fathy was born in Alexandria to a Middle Class Upper Egyptian family. He studied and trained as an architect in Egypt , graduating in 1926 from the King Fuad University (now Cairo University ). Fathy married Aziza Hassanein, sister of Ahmed Hassanein . He

918-513: The village not being completed and the construction being halted, the theory of mud brick construction was seen even more cranky and impractical. Despite the theory being completely lost, that there wasn't anyone that tried to find other practical ways of getting peasant houses built efficiently. There were more issues he came across, such as him stating "This is because no architect knows the real cost of building." Although he dives further into that thought, by speaking on how nobody realistically knows

952-689: The village of Gourna , which fell within the archaeological areas of the Valley of the Kings and the Valley of the Queens . Fathy's plan devised groundbreaking approaches to economic, social, and aesthetic issues that typically impact the construction of low-cost housing. With regard to the economic issues, Fathy noted that structural steel was not an apt choice for a poor country, and that even materials such as cement, timber, and glass did not make good economic sense. To address this issue, Fathy instead devised

986-653: Was applauded in a popular British weekly in 1947 and soon after in a British professional journal; further articles were published in Spanish, French and in Dutch. Later, Fathy would author a book on the New Gourna project, initially published by Cairo's Ministry of Culture in a limited edition in 1969, entitled Gourna: A Tale of Two Villages . In 1973 it was republished by the University of Chicago as Architecture for

1020-634: Was built between 1946 and 1952 by Egyptian architect Hassan Fathy midway between the Colossi of Memnon and el-Gezira on the Nile on the main road to the Theban Necropolis to house the residents of the Qurna. New Qurna served to relocate the villagers, but it also served to be an experiment. The goal was to make the low cost buildings, as well as environment friendly structures. With Old Qurna, there

1054-724: Was built. The name Kurna signifies "a promontory" or "a point of a mountain". Émile Amélineau identifies it with ancient Pekolol ( Coptic : ⲡⲕⲟⲗⲟⲗ ). The name Gourna is first mentioned by Protais and Charles François d'Orléans, two Capuchin missionary brothers travelling in Upper Egypt in 1668. Protais’ writing about their travel was published by Melchisédech Thévenot ( Relations de divers voyages curieux, 1670s-1696 editions) and Johann Michael Vansleb ( The Present State of Egypt, 1678). References to Qurna, Gurna, Kournou, Gourna, El-Ckoor’neh, Gourne, el Abouab, El-Goor’neh or many other variants in pre-1940s literature refers to

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1088-406: Was designed and built in the late 1940s and early 1950s by Egyptian architect Hassan Fathy to house people living in Qurna which is now uninhabited. New Qurna was added to the 2010 World Monuments Watch List of Most Endangered Sites to bring attention to the site's importance to modern town planning and vernacular architecture due to the loss of much of the original form of the village since it

1122-970: Was influenced by Upper Egyptian and simple rural architecture, he designed a villa with the southern style for his wife along the Nile in Maadi , which was later destroyed to make way for the new corniche . He also designed her brother's mausoleum (1947), along Salah Salem, in Neo-Mamluk style . Hassan Fathy was a cosmopolitan trilingual professor-engineer-architect, amateur musician, dramatist, and inventor. He designed nearly 160 separate projects, from modest country retreats to fully planned communities with police , fire , and medical services , markets, schools, theatres, and places for worship and recreation. These communities included many functional buildings such as laundry facilities, ovens, and wells. He utilized ancient design methods and materials, as well as knowledge of

1156-547: Was not many vegetation due to the difficulties in accessing water. New Qurna was designed to improve on Old Qurna and solved problems such as difficulties in accessing water. New Qurna was built near the Nile River resulting more in the use of vegetation. Due to the village not having any electricity, cooling and heating techniques were implemented within New Qurna. With the weather being warm, it would still feel cool within

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