31-432: RMS Carmania may refer to the following ocean liners: RMS Carmania (1905) – in service with Cunard Line 1905–32 RMS Carmania (1954) – in service with Cunard Line 1962–73 [REDACTED] [REDACTED] List of ships with the same or similar names This article includes a list of ships with the same or similar names. If an internal link for
62-409: A wheft . To avoid pointless searches some devices must be reported when lost. This particularly applies to EPIRBs, lifebuoys, rafts, and devices marked with the vessel's name and port. Expired flares should not be set off, as this indicates distress. Rather, most port authorities offer disposal facilities for expired distress pyrotechnics. In some areas special training events are organized, where
93-445: A Parsons steam turbine . A high-pressure turbine drove her centre shaft. Exhaust steam from the centre turbine powered a pair of low-pressure turbines that drove her port and starboard shafts. Caronia , which was launched the year before, had twin propellers which were driven by quadruple-expansion engines . The essentially identical ships with the two different sets of engines was an opportunity to compare operations and clarify
124-720: A distress signal from Volturno to pick up survivors in a storm, which resulted in many awards for gallantry being presented to various members of her crew and Captain James Clayton Barr . In August 1914, after the outbreak of World War I , Carmania was converted into an AMC, armed with eight QF 4.7 inch Mk V naval guns . She was commissioned as HMS Carmania , with the pennant number M 55. Commanded by Captain Noel Grant she sailed from Liverpool to Shell Bay in Bermuda . On 14 September 1914 she engaged and sank
155-520: A flashing lamp or strobe light. In North America, marine search and rescue agencies in Canada and the United States also recognize certain other distress signals: In addition, distress can be signaled using automated radio signals such as a Search and Rescue Transponder (SART) which response to 9 GHz radar signal, or an Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB) which operates in
186-413: A high risk of "man overboard", such as open ocean yacht racing, PLBs may be required by the event's organizers. PLBs are also often carried during risky outdoor activities on the land. EPIRBs and PLBs have a unique identification number (UIN or "HexID"). A purchaser should register their EPIRB or PLB with the national search and rescue authority; this is free in most jurisdictions. EPIRB registration allows
217-434: A person or group of people, watercraft , aircraft , or other vehicle is threatened by a serious or imminent danger and requires immediate assistance. Use of distress signals in other circumstances may be against local or international law . An urgency signal is available to request assistance in less critical situations. For distress signalling to be the most effective, two parameters must be communicated: For example,
248-406: A single aerial flare alerts observers to the existence of a vessel in distress somewhere in the general direction of the flare sighting on the horizon but extinguishes within one minute or less. A hand-held flare burns for three minutes and can be used to localize or pinpoint more precisely the exact location or position of the party in trouble. An EPIRB both notifies or alerts authorities and at
279-482: A specific ship led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended ship article, if one exists. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RMS_Carmania&oldid=1061817282 " Categories : Set index articles on ships Ship names Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata All set index articles RMS Carmania (1905) RMS Carmania
310-435: Is a harmonic of 121.5 MHz, and therefore civilian beacons transmit on this frequency as well). Aircraft can also signal an emergency by setting one of several special transponder codes , such as 7700. The COSPAS/SARSAT signal can be transmitted by an Electronic Locator Transmitter or ELT, which is similar to a marine EPIRB on the 406 MHz radiofrequency. (Marine EPIRBs are constructed to float, while an aviation ELT
341-419: Is constructed to be activated by a sharp deceleration and is sometimes referred to as a Crash Position Indicator or CPI). A "triangular distress pattern" is a rarely used flight pattern flown by aircraft in distress but without radio communications . The standard pattern is a series of 120° turns. Ground-Air Emergency Codes are distress signals used by crashed pilots and military personnel to send signals from
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#1732793731836372-423: Is determined by the orbiting satellites, this can take ninety minutes to five hours after activation and is accurate to within 5 km (3.1 mi). Marine safety authorities recommend the use of GPS-equipped EPIRBs. A miniaturized EPIRB capable of being carried in crew members' clothing is called a Personal Locator Beacon (PLB). Regulators do not view them as a substitute for a vessel's EPIRB. In situations with
403-679: Is likely to be recognized in most popular mountainous areas as nearby climbing teams are likely to include Europeans or North Americans. To communicate with a helicopter in sight, raise both arms (forming the letter Y) to indicate "Yes" or "I need help", or stretch one arm up and one down (imitating the letter N) for "No" or "I do not need help". If semaphore flags are available, they can be used to communicate with rescuers. The COSPAS-SARSAT 406 MHz radiofrequency distress signal can be transmitted by hikers , backpackers , trekkers , mountaineers and other ground-based remote adventure seekers and personnel working in isolated backcountry areas using
434-443: Is on display aboard the permanently moored HQS Wellington at Victoria Embankment , London . Distress signal A distress signal , also known as a distress call , is an internationally recognized means for obtaining help. Distress signals are communicated by transmitting radio signals, displaying a visually observable item or illumination, or making a sound audible from a distance. A distress signal indicates that
465-501: Is the appropriate response. In the Schwarzwald , the recommended way to signal distress is the Schwarzwald distress signal : give six signals within a minute , then pause for a minute, repeating this until rescue arrives. A signal may be anything visual (waving clothes or lights, use of a signal mirror ) or audible (shouts, whistles, etc.). The rescuers acknowledge with three signals per minute. In practice, either signal pattern
496-447: Is the distress signal, followed by the distress message, which should include: When none of the above-described officially sanctioned signals are available, attention for assistance can be attracted by anything that appears unusual or out of the ordinary, such as a jib sail hoisted upside down. During daylight hours when the sun is visible, a heliograph mirror can be used to flash bright, intense sunlight. Battery-powered laser lights
527-561: The Polish flag is white on the top half and red on the bottom, while Indonesia 's and Monaco 's flags are the opposite—i.e., top half red, the bottom half white. A ship flying no flags may also be understood to be in distress. For one country, the Philippines , an inverted flag is a symbol of war rather than distress. If any flag is available, distress may be indicated by tying a knot in it and then flying it upside-down, making it into
558-487: The 406 MHz radio frequency. EPIRB signals are received and processed by a constellation of satellites known as Cospas-Sarsat . Older EPIRBs that use 121.5 MHz are obsolete. Many regulators require vessels that proceed offshore to carry an EPIRB. Many EPIRBs have an in-built Global Positioning System receiver. When activated these EPIRBs rapidly report the latitude and longitude of the emergency accurate to within 120 m (390 ft). The position of non-GPS EPIRBs
589-705: The German merchant cruiser SMS Cap Trafalgar in the Battle of Trindade . At the time Cap Trafalgar ' s appearance had been altered to resemble Carmania . Carmania suffered extensive damage and several casualties to her crew. After repairs in Gibraltar , she patrolled the coast of Portugal and the Atlantic islands for the next two years. In 1916 she assisted in the Gallipoli campaign . From July 1916 she
620-751: The advantages and disadvantages of turbine engines. Carmania ' s sea trials were in November 1905. On the nautical measured mile off Skelmorlie she achieved 20.19 knots (37.39 km/h). Another feature that differentiated the two liners was that Carmania had two tall forward deck ventilator cowls, which were absent on Caronia . As built, Carmania had berths for 2,650 passengers: 300 first class, 350 second class, 1,000 third class and 1,000 steerage class. Her holds included 46,280 cubic feet (1,311 m ) refrigerated cargo space. Carmania left Liverpool on 2 December 1905 for her maiden voyage to New York arriving on 10 December. She completed
651-441: The authority to alert searchers of the vessel's name, label, type, size, and paintwork; to promptly notify next-of-kin, and to quickly resolve inadvertent activations. A DSC radio distress signal can include the position if the lat/long are manually keyed into the radio or if a GPS-derived position is passed electronically directly into the radio. A Mayday message consists of the word "mayday" spoken three times in succession, which
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#1732793731836682-544: The flares can be used safely. EPIRBs must not be disposed of into general waste as discarded EPIRBs often trigger at the waste disposal facility. In 2013, the majority of EPIRB activations investigated by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority were due to the incorrect disposal of obsolete 121.5 MHz EPIRB beacons. The civilian aircraft frequency for voice distress alerting is 121.5 MHz. Military aircraft use 243 MHz (which
713-532: The ground to an aircraft. The recognized mountain distress signals are based on groups of three, or six in the UK and the European Schwarzwald. A distress signal can be three fires or piles of rocks in a triangle, three blasts on a whistle, three shots from a firearm, or three flashes of light, in succession followed by a one-minute pause and repeated until a response is received. Three blasts or flashes
744-702: The last. Greater ships are to follow and greater. The scale of size, the scale of power, the speed and dimensions of things about us alter remorselessly—to some limit we cannot at present descry". Ernest Shackleton returned New York - Liverpool after his US lecture tour, 1st Class on Carmania approx £30 then!, 18th - 28th May 1910 In June 1910 in Liverpool Carmania suffered a major fire in her passenger accommodation. Her structure and machinery were undamaged, and repairs were completed by 4 October. On an eastbound crossing in October 1913 Carmania answered
775-578: The safety of life at sea, and are governed by international maritime law, specifically the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS). Distress can be indicated by any of the following officially sanctioned methods: A floating man-overboard pole or dan buoy can be used to indicate that a person is in distress in the water and is ordinarily equipped with a yellow and red flag (international code of signals flag "O") and
806-633: The same time provides position indication information. Distress signals at sea are defined in the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea and in the International Code of Signals . Mayday signals must only be used where there is grave and imminent danger to life. Otherwise, urgent signals such as pan-pan can be sent. Most jurisdictions have large penalties for false, unwarranted, or prank distress signals. The alerts are of utmost importance in ensuring
837-454: The size of small flashlights (electric torches) are available for use in emergency signaling. For hundreds of years inverted national flags were commonly used as distress signals. However, for some countries' flags it is difficult (e.g., Spain , South Korea , United Kingdom ) or impossible (e.g., Japan , Thailand , and Israel ) to determine whether they are inverted. Other countries have flags that are inverses of each other; for example,
868-406: The voyage in 7 days, 9 hours and 31 minutes, averaging 15.97 knots (29.58 km/h) over the 2,835 nautical miles (5,250 km) route. Carmania plied between Liverpool and New York from 1905 to 1910. In the spring of 1906 she took H. G. Wells to North America for the first time. He noted her size in a book about his travels, "This Carmania isn't the largest ship nor the finest, nor is to be
899-628: Was a Cunard Line transatlantic steam turbine ocean liner . She was launched in 1905 and scrapped in 1932. In World War I she was first an armed merchant cruiser (AMC) and then a troop ship . Carmania was the sister ship of RMS Caronia , although the two ships had different machinery. When new, the pair were the largest ships in the Cunard fleet. Leonard Peskett designed Carmania . John Brown & Company built her, launching her on 21 February 1905 and completing her that November. Carmania had three propellers , each driven by
930-417: Was a troop ship. After the war she took Canadian troops home from Europe. Ernest Shackleton returned New York - Liverpool on a camouflaged Carmania 12th - 20th May 1917 just as US conscription was signed into law on 18th May 1917 By 1919 she had returned to passenger liner service. In 1923 Cunard had her refitted as a cabin class ship, with her total accommodation reduced from 2,650 berths to 1,440. Caronia
961-524: Was similarly refitted, and the two sisters kept busy until the shipping slump caused by the Great Depression after 1929. By 1930 Carmania ' s navigational equipment included submarine signalling and wireless direction finding . Toward the end of 1931 Cunard listed both Carmania and Caronia for sale. In 1932 Hughes Bolckow & Co. bought her for scrap. She arrived at Blyth on 22 April to be broken up. Carmania ' s bell