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32-500: RNE may refer to: Radio Nacional de España Registro Nacional de Estrangeiros Russian National Unity (Russian Russkoe natsionalnoe edinstvo ), neo-Nazi political party and paramilitary organization in Russia Russian National Exam Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

64-710: A Catholic monarchist party, three parties that were becoming relevant in Spanish right wing politics before the civil war. The Spanish Falange and the Council of National Syndicalist Offensives were relatively small, and merged into the Spanish Falange de la JONS leading up to the 1936 election. As civil war broke out, the Falange grew rapidly in membership, and the Traditionalist Communion, already

96-572: A government crisis and caused Franco to dismiss several ministers. Ultimately, six Falangists were convicted of the attack and one, Juan Domínguez, was executed. By the middle of the Second World War , Franco and leading Falangists, while distancing themselves from the faltering European fascists, stressed the unique "Spanish Catholic authoritarianism" of the regime and the Falange. Instructions were issued in September 1943 that henceforth

128-671: A half million members by the end of the war and provided nursing and support services for the Nationalist forces. The command of the party rested upon Manuel Hedilla as many of the first generation leaders were dead or incarcerated by the Republicans. Among them was Primo de Rivera, who was a government prisoner. As a result, he was referred to among the leadership as el Ausente , ("the Absent One"). After being sentenced to death on 18 November 1936, José Antonio Primo de Rivera

160-803: A prominent force, mobilized its forces to fight the leftist government. With the eruption of the Civil War in July 1936, the Falange fought on the side of the Nationalist faction against the Second Spanish Republic . Expanding rapidly from several thousand to several hundred thousand, the Falange's male membership was accompanied by a female auxiliary, the Sección Femenina . Led by José Antonio's sister Pilar Primo de Rivera , this latter subsidiary organization claimed more than

192-492: A second network, using FM transmitters and specializing in music – taking advantage of the superior sound quality offered by this method of transmission . This network eventually became the RNE channel which is today known as Radio Clásica . In 1971 a new shortwave transmitter was inaugurated at Noblejas in the province of Toledo . Intended for the broadcasting of RNE's external services (now Radio Exterior ), this transmitter

224-499: Is the national state-owned public service radio broadcaster in Spain. RNE is the radio division and Televisión Española (TVE) is the television division of Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE), the public corporation which has the overall responsibility for the national broadcasting public services under a Parliament -appointed president who, in addition to being answerable to a board of directors, reports to an all-party committee of

256-421: Is wholly financed by public funds and does not air commercials in its programming. In January 2012, RNE celebrated its 75th anniversary in the presence of Felipe, Prince of Asturias and Princess Letizia . FET y de las JONS The FET y de las JONS began as the Spanish Falange, a Falangist party, The Council of National Syndicalist Offensives, a national syndicalist party and Traditionalist Communion,

288-626: The Allied arrival in Italy in 1943 and the German retreat from Stalingrad – RNE collaborated with the Axis powers in retransmitting in Spanish news from the official radio stations of Germany and Italy. It was from this moment on that the slow journey of Spanish public radio began, motivated by the poor quality of the media on the one hand, and the international block on the other which impeded, until 1955,

320-632: The Carlist Comunión Tradicionalista to form the Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las JONS (FET y de las JONS). Franco assumed the role of jefe nacional ("National Chief"), following the model of a fascist party. All other parties supporting the rebel faction were disbanded, but former members of those parties were free to join the FET as individual members. The new party's official ideology

352-628: The Falange/FET would be referred to exclusively as a "movement" and not a "party". The Falange also developed youth organizations, with members known as Flechas and Pelayos , under the umbrella of the Spanish Youths Organization . Most of these young members wore red berets . With improving relations with the United States, economic development and the rise of a group of relatively young technocrats within

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384-490: The central short wave transmitter at Arganda del Rey (Madrid) would provide 40 kW of broadcasting power, which was very strong for this period. Foreign broadcasting thus acquired a great importance, with transmissions (in Spanish as much as in English) directed especially at America . In 1940, RNE's headquarters were transferred to Madrid . During this post- Spanish Civil War and early Second World War era – before

416-480: The current format of six themed radio channels: These stations are also available online and via podcast (see External Links below). Integrated into the state public broadcasting body RTVE (Radiotelevisión Española) in 1973, RNE today has been assigned the role of "state public radio service, which is an essential service for the community and for the cohesion of democratic societies". Like its television broadcasting sister organisation, TVE , Radio Nacional

448-625: The entry of RNE into the European Broadcasting Union . The end of the 1950s and beginning of the 1960s saw the introduction of advanced technologies such as frequency modulation (FM) and transmissions in stereo. A parallel commercial channel, Radio Peninsular , was also created. 1964 was the first year of a major restructuring exercise at RNE which was to see the establishment of a network of regional broadcasting centres equipped with powerful 250 to 500 kW mediumwave transmitters. These gave RNE full coverage of not just

480-556: The headquarters of the Oficina de Prensa y Propaganda (Office for Press and Propaganda), whose first directors were also those of RNE. RNE's first transmitter , which had a broadcasting power of 20 kW and was constructed by Telefunken , was a gift from the government of the Third Reich to Francoist Spain . It was at this time that the immense propaganda potential of radio became apparent, and from 14 June 1937 RNE became

512-565: The late evening at 22.00, were officially entitled Diario Hablado , although – given their origin in the war dispatches ( partes de guerra ) of 1936–1939 and their continued militaristic tone – they were long popularly referred to as El Parte . The only other sources of information available to radio listeners in Spain at that time were the Spanish-language bulletins broadcast by the BBC and by French Radio from Toulouse , as well as

544-844: The national parliament, as provided for in the Public Radio and Television Law of 2006. RNE launched its first station on 19 January 1937. It is currently headquartered at Casa de la Radio at Prado del Rey in Pozuelo de Alarcón . RNE officially came into existence in Salamanca on 19 January 1937, at the height of the Spanish Civil War (1936–39), and was dependent upon the recently created Delegación de Estado para Prensa y Propaganda (State Delegation for Press and Propaganda). The station's studios were in Palacio de Anaya,

576-478: The national territory but a good part, too, of the rest of Europe (especially at night). The regional transmitters normally all broadcast the same signal, relayed from the main studios in Madrid , although provision was made for them to opt out at certain times of day and transmit regional news from their own local studios. This was the foundation of today's Radio 1 (now Radio Nacional ). In November 1965 RNE opened

608-492: The nationalists' leading radio station. That distinction had until then been held by Radio Castilla de Burgos , which produced the information and propaganda that all of the radio stations that had fallen into the hands of the nationalist forces were obliged to carry. On 6 October 1939, at the conclusion of the Spanish Civil War , the leader of the victorious Nationalist forces , General Francisco Franco , issued an order subjecting private radio broadcasting to censorship by

640-427: The official political party of the state, FET y de las JONS , and furthermore granting RNE the exclusive right to transmit news bulletins . In consequence, all broadcasters (private as well as public) were obliged to connect twice daily with RNE and re-transmit the government-approved news bulletins produced by the official radio channel. These bulletins, normally broadcast in the early afternoon at 14.30 and in

672-645: The programmes of Radio España Independiente, which was a radio station established by the Communist Party of Spain in exile in Moscow (although known as La Pirenaica since it was believed to broadcast from a location somewhere in the Pyrenees ). Although from the time of the Civil War there had already been foreign broadcasts in various languages, it was not until April 1945 that the installation of

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704-561: The title RNE . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RNE&oldid=1209806024 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Radio Nacional de Espa%C3%B1a Radio Nacional de España (acronym RNE , branded rne , lit. transl. "National Radio of Spain")

736-577: The transmitters had to be closed down because their frequencies were not included in those assigned to Spain in the international agreements covering the distribution of the radio broadcasting spectrum. Radiocadena Española was merged in 1988 into Radio Nacional de España to form Ràdio 4 (broadcasting in Catalan ) and Radio 5 (All-news radio station broadcasting in Spanish ). In 1989, Radiocadena Española and Radio Nacional were combined to produce

768-425: The unified party. Franco had sought to control the Falange after a clash between Hedilla and his main critics within the group, the legitimistas of Agustín Aznar and Sancho Dávila y Fernández de Celis , that threatened to derail the Nationalist war effort. Franco became jefe nacional and "Supreme Caudillo" of the FET. He was vested with "the most absolute authority," including the power to name his successor, and

800-559: The various Nationalist factions within the party in 1937, tensions continued between dedicated Falangists and other groups, particularly Carlists. Such tensions erupted in violence with the Begoña Incident of August 1942, when hardline Falangist activists attacked a Carlist religious gathering in Bilbao with grenades. The attack and the response of government ministers with Carlist leanings (most notably Varela and Galarza ) led to

832-401: The war, the party was charged with developing an ideology for Franco's regime. This job became a cursus honorum for ambitious politicians—new converts, who were called camisas nuevas ("new shirts") in opposition to the more overtly populist and ideological "old shirts" from before the war. Membership in the Falange/FET reached a peak of 932,000 in 1942. Despite the official unification of

864-528: Was enlarged to include programmes on musical themes. Throughout Francoist Spain a number of semi-official radio stations ( autorizadas ) had functioned in parallel with the private broadcasters and RNE, and belonged to organisations such as Confederación Nacional de Sindicatos (National Confederation of Trade Unions), Movimiento , and Organización Juvenil Espanola (The Spanish Youth Organisation). These stations were merged in 1978 into Radiocadena Española (Spanish Radio Network). However, some of

896-520: Was executed on 20 November 1936 (a date since known as 20-N in Spain) in a Republican prison, giving him martyr status among the Falangists. This conviction and sentence was possible since he'd lost his parliamentary immunity after his party did not have enough votes during the last elections. On April 19, 1937, Francisco Franco issued a Unification Decree , which forcibly merged the Falange with

928-515: Was much more powerful than its predecessor sited at Arganda del Rey . These services were to undergo a far-reaching reform in 1975 when broadcasts in Russian and other Slavic languages , directed at audiences behind the " Iron Curtain ", were withdrawn in favour of programmes intended for Spaniards and other Spanish-speaking people abroad. The arrival of democracy to Spain after the death of Franco in 1975 produced several changes. One of these

960-399: Was only responsible to "God and history." None of the vanquished parties in the war suffered such a toll of deaths among their leaders as did the Falange. 60% of the pre-war Falange membership lost their lives in the war. However, most of the property of all other parties and trade unions were assigned to the party. In 1938, all trade unions were unified under Falangist command. After

992-453: Was the Falangists' 27 puntos —reduced after the unification to 26, the article barring mergers being dropped. The merged party incorporated many Falangist symbols–the blue shirt, the yoked arrows, the red and black flag, and the anthem Cara al Sol among others. Despite this, the party was in fact a wide-ranging nationalist coalition, closely controlled by Franco. Parts of the original Falange (including Hedilla) and many Carlists did not join

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1024-518: Was the end, on 25 October 1977, of the private broadcasters' obligation to connect with RNE for the transmission of daily news bulletins. From then on, each broadcaster was free to determine the content of its own news programmes. By the end of the 1970s, the broadcasts of Tercer Programa (now Radio 3 ), which until then had only been transmitted in Madrid, were extended to the whole of Spain. RNE 3 offered educational and cultural programming, which

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