The RAISE (Reforming American Immigration for Strong Employment) Act is a bill first introduced in the United States Senate in 2017. Co-sponsored by Republican senators Tom Cotton and David Perdue , the bill sought to reduce levels of legal immigration to the United States by 50% by halving the number of green cards issued. The bill would also dramatically reduce family-based immigration pathways; impose a cap of 50,000 refugee admissions a year; end the visa diversity lottery ; and eliminate the current demand-driven model of employment-based immigration and replace it with a points system . The bill received the support of President Donald Trump , who promoted a revised version of the bill in August 2017, and was opposed by Democrats, immigrant rights groups, and some Republicans.
38-507: The 2017 bill (in the 115th Congress ) did not receive a vote in the Senate. A similar immigration bill supported by then president Trump was defeated in 2018 on a 39–60 vote. In 2019 (during the 116th Congress ), Cotton, Perdue, and other Republicans re-introduced the legislation. The bill failed to advance. The bill was co-sponsored by Republican senator Tom Cotton of Arkansas and then-senator David Perdue of Georgia, who introduced
76-549: A bachelor's degree or a higher degree; this was a historically high level of education for a United States Congress. In addition, 167 members of the House and 55 members of the Senate had law degrees. Only 18 members of Congress had no college education. Ethnic minorities in the 115th Congress consisted of 52 African American members , 45 Hispanic or Latino members , 18 Asian-American or Pacific Islander members , and two members of Native American ancestry . Women comprised 20.1% of
114-649: A resolution was passed creating the Democratic National Committee, composed of thirty members, one person per state, chosen by the states' delegations, and chaired by Benjamin F. Hallett . In order to strengthen the national party organization, Franklin Roosevelt proposed in 1925 that the DNC should open a permanent headquarters in order to function "every day in every year" and exist on a "business-like financial basis." In 1929, John Raskob led
152-468: A series of nativist talking points and regurgitated campaign rhetoric that completely fails to move our nation forward toward real reform." Seven of the eight Senators in the bipartisan " Gang of Eight " (four Democrats and four Republicans who co-sponsored an unsuccessful immigration-reform bill in 2013) denounced the bill. Republican Senator Lindsey Graham , for example, a member of the Gang of Eight, said
190-694: A statement about possible FBI assistance in investigating the hacking and leaks, saying that "the DNC was never contacted by the FBI or any other agency concerned about these intrusions." During a Senate hearing in January 2017, James Comey testified that the FBI requested access to the DNC's servers, but its request was denied. He also testified that old versions of the Republican National Committee 's servers were breached, but then-current databases were unaffected. The DNC subsequently filed
228-514: Is more likely to lose than to gain from immigration restrictions" and "most studies put the negative impact on low-skilled wages closer to zero," and Michael Clemens argues that Borjas's position is based on a study with critical flaws. The bill and Trump's support for it was hailed by groups favoring restrictive immigration policies, such as NumbersUSA and the Federation for American Immigration Reform . CNBC journalist John Harwood viewed
266-664: The Clinton administration . In 2002, the Federal Election Commission fined the Democratic National Committee $ 115,000 for its part in fundraising violations in 1996 . Cyber attacks and hacks were claimed by or attributed to various individual and groups such as: On July 22, 2016, WikiLeaks released approximately 20,000 DNC emails. Critics claimed that the Committee unequally favored Hillary Clinton and acted in support of her nomination while opposing
304-542: The Democratic National Convention , but the caucuses and primaries themselves are most often run not by the DNC but instead by each individual state. Primary elections, in particular, are conducted by state governments according to their own laws. Political parties can choose whether to participate and accept the results of a state's primary election. The DNC convenes at least once a year. An Executive Committee of roughly 65 members determined by
342-667: The United States Democratic Party . According to the party charter, it has "general responsibility for the affairs of the Democratic Party between National Conventions ", and particularly coordinates strategy to support Democratic Party candidates throughout the country for local, state, and national office, as well as works to establish a "party brand" and to formulate the party platform . While it provides support for party candidates, it does not have direct authority over elected officials. The DNC
380-531: The "near universal agreement" on "the broad economic benefit that immigrants to this country bring " and urging him not to seek immigration cuts. The Penn Wharton Budget Model projects that the RAISE Act would increase per-capita GDP by 0.02 percent in the first decade, before falling in the long run by 2040. Cato Institute immigration policy analyst Alex Nowrasteh said that the legislation "would do nothing to boost skilled immigration and it will only increase
418-558: The DNC is responsible for the affairs of the party and meets at least quarterly. In addition, a National Advisory Board exists for purposes of fundraising and advising the executive. The present chair is Elizabeth Frawley Bagley , U.S. Ambassador to Brazil . In 2021, the former chairman of the South Carolina Democratic Party Jaime Harrison was selected by President Joe Biden to chair the Democratic National Committee, and his nomination
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#1732780496400456-504: The Democratic National Committee was re-established by Tom Perez in February 2017 after his win in the 2017 DNC Chair race . After a close victory over Minnesota Congressman Keith Ellison , Perez appointed Ellison as Deputy Chair in an attempt to lessen the divide in the Democratic Party after the contentious 2016 Democratic presidential primaries , which saw conflicts between supporters of Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders . Perez
494-499: The Democratic National Convention, and their role can affect the outcome over a close primary race only if no candidate receives a majority of pledged delegates. These delegates, officially described as "unpledged party leader and elected official delegates," fall into three categories based on other positions they hold: The DNC establishes rules for the caucuses and primaries which choose delegates to
532-536: The House and the Senate, and, with inauguration of Donald Trump on January 20, 2017, attained an overall federal government trifecta for the first time since the 109th Congress in 2005. Several political scientists described the legislative accomplishments of this Congress as modest, considering that both Congress and the presidency were under unified Republican Party control. Section contents: Senate : Majority (R) , Minority (D) • House : Majority (R) , Minority (D) The average age of members of
570-467: The House of Representatives during the 115th Congress was 57.8 years, while the average age of U.S. senators was 61.8 years. The most common occupation of senators prior to being elected to their posts was law, followed by public service/politics and business. In the House of Representatives, business was the dominant prior occupation, followed by public service/politics and law. In the 115th Congress, 94.1% of House members and 100% of senators had attained
608-480: The RAISE Act as a model for a merit-based immigration system . In addition to substantially reducing legal immigration to the United States, and dramatically reducing family-based immigration, the bill would also replace the current employment-based U.S. immigration system with a rigid points system , which would mark a departure from the current U.S. demand-driven model of employment-based immigration. Under
646-515: The United States , and is subsequently responsible for the Presidential campaign . The DNC is more focused on campaign and organizational strategy than public policy . According to Boris Heersink, "political scientists have traditionally described the parties’ national committees as inconsequential but impartial service providers." In presidential elections, it supervises the national convention and, both independently and in coordination with
684-424: The bill "cruel and un-American" and issued a statement saying that it would "devastate families, eliminating the traditional and long-accepted means by which family members such as grandparents, mothers, fathers and siblings are able to reunite with their families who have emigrated to the United States." The technology industry immigration-policy advocacy group FWD.us said the bill, if enacted, "would severely harm
722-416: The bill as an appeal to Trump's anti-immigration base of Republican voters. The bill is opposed by Democrats as well as some Republicans. Democratic National Committee chairman Tom Perez said that "Trump wants to tear apart communities and punish immigrant families that are making valuable contributions to our economy." Democratic Senator Richard Blumenthal of Connecticut called the bill "nothing but
760-831: The bill to the Senate on February 13, 2017, as S. 354 . The bill was referred to the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary . On August 2, 2017, Cotton introduced a revised version of the bill, designated S. 1720 . That bill was also referred to the Senate Committee on the Judiciary. President Donald Trump , along with Cotton and Perdue, announced it at the White House. Within the Trump White House, Trump advisers Stephen Miller and Steve Bannon promoted and helped shape
798-491: The bill. The bill did not attract any additional co-sponsors. The 2017 bill did not receive a vote in the Senate. A separate bill to restrict legal immigration, supported by Trump, Cotton, and Perdue, was defeated in the Senate by a 39–60 vote. In 2019, Cotton, Perdue, and other Republicans re-introduced the RAISE Act legislation. The bill would cut legal immigration by half, reducing the number of green cards from more than 1 million to about 500,000. The bill would remove
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#1732780496400836-592: The candidacy of her primary challenger Bernie Sanders . Donna Brazile corroborated these allegations in an excerpt of her book published by Politico in November 2017. The leaked emails spanned sixteen months, terminating in May 2016. The WikiLeaks releases led to the resignations of Chairperson Debbie Wasserman Schultz, Communications Director Luis Miranda, Chief Financial Officer Brad Marshall and Chief Executive Amy Dacey. After she resigned, Wasserman Schultz put out
874-582: The creation of the first permanent national headquarters for the DNC in Washington, DC. In the 1970s, the DNC had its head office, located in the Watergate complex at the time, burglarized by entities working for Richard Nixon 's administration during the Watergate scandal . Chinagate was an alleged effort by the People's Republic of China to influence domestic American politics prior to and during
912-465: The economy and actually depress wages for Americans." The Association of Public and Land-grant Universities and NAFSA: Association of International Educators also oppose the bill, describing it as flawed and a step backward. The Anti-Defamation League also opposed the legislation, calling it "cruel, anti-family and un-American." The bill was mentioned specifically during U.S. Senator-elect J. D. Vance 's 2022 campaign , with Vance voicing support for
950-441: The last Congress, requiring re-election in 2020; and Class 3 began in this Congress, requiring re-election in 2022. All 435 seats were filled by the regular elections on November 8, 2016, or subsequent special elections thereafter. Section contents: Senate , House , Joint Democratic National Committee The Democratic National Committee ( DNC ) is the principal executive leadership board of
988-404: The legislation, Trump administration officials contend that the bill would increase economic growth and increase wages. This contention was challenged by economists, who "overwhelmingly predict" that cuts in immigration would have a negative impact on GDP growth. In April 2017, a group of more than 1,400 economists, with views ranging across the political spectrum, sent an open letter to Trump noting
1026-434: The legislation, a maximum of 140,000 points-based immigrant visas would be issued per fiscal year , with spouses and minor children of the principal applicant being counted against the 140,000 cap. The revised version of the bill (S. 1720) provided that a person who accrued 30 points under the following allocation scheme would be eligible to submit an application. 115th Congress The 115th United States Congress
1064-405: The membership in the 115th Congress, which had 109 women and 326 men. This represented an increase of 21 women from the 114th Congress . Seven openly LGBT members served in the 115th Congress. Tammy Baldwin , Jared Polis , Sean Patrick Maloney , Mark Takano , David Cicilline , and Mark Pocan are openly gay, while Kyrsten Sinema is openly bisexual. The majority of the 115th Congress
1102-409: The pathway for US citizens to sponsor their parent. It would also remove pathways for siblings and adult children of U.S. citizens and legal permanent residents to apply for permanent lawful residency status in the U.S., limiting the family path to spouses and minor children. The bill would also impose a cap of 50,000 refugee admissions a year and would end the visa diversity lottery . In promoting
1140-447: The president is a Democrat, the party generally works closely with the president and the White House largely controls the Committee. The DNC is headed by a Chairperson, five Vice Chairpersons, a Treasurer, a Secretary, and a National Finance Chair, who are all elected by vote of members of the Democratic National Committee itself. According to its charter, the committee is further composed of: All DNC members are superdelegates to
1178-458: The presidential candidate, raises funds, commissions polls, and coordinates campaign strategy. Following the selection of a party nominee, the public funding laws permit the national party to coordinate certain expenditures with the nominee, but additional funds are spent on general, party-building activities. There are state committees in every state, as well as local committees in most cities, wards, and towns (and, in most states, counties). When
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1216-620: The proportion of employment-based green cards by cutting other green cards. Saying otherwise is grossly deceptive marketing." The "only evidence that the administration has cited as justifying its proposals" is the work of economist George Borjas , who has defended the bill, arguing that it "makes sense" and that "low-skill immigration, which would likely suffer the largest cuts in the proposed bill, imposes costs on taxpayers and it imposes costs on low-skill workers already here." Other economists have sharply contested Borjas's conclusions; economist Giovanni Peri stated that "The average American worker
1254-449: The proposal would be "devastating" to South Carolina's economy. The eighth member of the Gang of Eight, Republican Senator Marco Rubio , said that he had "a big difference of opinion with this bill is that it sets an arbitrary cap on the number of people that are able to come through with a green card." The Congressional Hispanic Caucus and immigrant rights groups both condemned the legislation. The National Immigration Law Center called
1292-707: Was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States of America federal government, composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives . It met in Washington, D.C. , from January 3, 2017, to January 3, 2019, during the final weeks of Barack Obama's presidency and the first two years of Donald Trump's first presidency . The seats in the House were apportioned based on the 2010 United States census . The Republican Party retained their majority in both
1330-673: Was approved by its members. A new chair will be elected in the 2025 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election Governor of Michigan U.S. senator from Illinois President of the Association of State Democratic Committees, Chair of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party Furthermore, the following non-voting officers execute administrative tasks within the DNC: This is an inactive position. The Deputy Chair of
1368-500: Was established on May 26, 1848, at that year's Democratic National Convention . The DNC's main counterpart is the Republican National Committee . The DNC is responsible for articulating and promoting the Democratic platform and coordinating party organizational activity. In particular, it organizes and calls for the Democratic National Convention held every four years to nominate candidates for President and Vice President of
1406-554: Was religiously affiliated, with 90.7% identifying as Christians. Approximately half of the Christians were Protestant. Other religious faiths of congressmembers in the 115th Congress included Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, and Judaism. The numbers refer to their Senate classes . All of the class 3 seats were contested in the November 2016 elections . Class 1 terms end with this Congress, requiring re-election in 2018; Class 2 began in
1444-628: Was seen as being more in line with the Clinton wing, while Ellison was more in line with the Sanders wing. The role's revival in 2017 has been described by critics as largely titular and ceremonial. On November 8, 2018, Ellison resigned from the position due to his win in the Minnesota Attorney General election . The position remains unoccupied. The DNC has existed since 1848. During the 1848 Democratic National Convention ,
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