121-590: The Rim of the Pacific Exercise ( RIMPAC ) is the world's largest international maritime warfare exercise . RIMPAC is held biennially during June and July of even-numbered years from Honolulu , Hawaii , with the exception of 2020 where it was held in August. It is hosted and administered by the United States Navy 's Indo-Pacific Command , headquartered at Pearl Harbor , in conjunction with
242-435: A Charleston -class amphibious cargo vessel that was decommissioned in 1994. The US Navy and partner nations wrapped up the biennial RIMPAC 2020 exercise over the weekend with the sinking of the decommissioned amphibious cargo vessel. RIMPAC 2022 was held in the summer of that year, between 29 June and 4 August. It was expected to be a more traditional RIMPAC with the loosening of COVID-19 restrictions. On 23 February 2022, it
363-419: A defense contractor which was involved in the development of packet switching , used for ARPANET , and which developed the first computer modem in 1963. Military operations and training have included different scenarios a soldier might encounter with morals and different ethics. In one military operation soldiers are frequently asked to engage in combat, humanitarian, and stabilization roles. These increase
484-434: A sand table , map, cloth model, or computer simulation exercise. These allow commanders to manipulate models through possible scenarios in military planning. This is also called warfare simulation, or in some instances a virtual battlefield , and in the past has been described as "wargames". Such examples of modern military wargames include DARWARS , a serious game developed since 2003 by DARPA with BBN Technologies ,
605-554: A 15-month, $ 110 million overhaul, including three months in dry dock in Bremerton, from January to March 1998. Kitty Hawk departed San Diego on 6 July 1998, to assume new duties as America's only permanently forward-deployed aircraft carrier from Independence . Kitty Hawk also welcomed aboard Carrier Air Wing 5 , operating from Naval Air Facility Atsugi , Japan. Kitty Hawk arrived at her new operating location of U.S. Fleet Activities Yokosuka , Japan, on 11 August 1998. With
726-497: A US$ 100 million complex overhaul, scheduled to last just more than 12 months. This overhaul configured Kitty Hawk to operate with the F-14 and S-3A "Viking" aircraft in a total CV sea control mode. This included adding spaces for storage, ordnance handling, and maintenance facilities for the two aircraft. Also included in the work package were more efficient work areas for airframes and a repair facility for ground support equipment, and
847-420: A broken wrist reported. The bodies of those men who died in the fire were escorted home by members of their respective Divisions for burial. As a result of the deaths of the six crew members, on 10 January 1974, an investigation was ordered by Rear Admiral Donald C. Davis , Commander of Carrier Group 1 and Senior Officer onboard Kitty Hawk designated as his flagship. Although initial reports lay blame to one of
968-523: A carrier task force weapons demonstration off the California coast. Addressing the men of the task group from Kitty Hawk , President Kennedy told them that, as in the past, control of the seas still means security, peace, and ultimate victory. He later wrote to president and Madame Chiang Kai-shek who had witnessed a similar demonstration onboard USS Constellation (CV-64) : "I hope you were impressed as I was, on my visit to Kitty Hawk , with
1089-610: A change to a single F-14 squadron, and 3 F/A-18 squadrons. Kitty Hawk began her 18th deployment, this time with CVW-11, in October 1996. During the six-month underway period, the ship visited ports in the Persian Gulf and Western Pacific. The carrier made a rare visit to Hobart, Tasmania as well as being only the second carrier to ever stop in Manama, Bahrain. Kitty Hawk returned to San Diego 11 April 1997, immediately beginning
1210-495: A contingency, or general warfare. The use of military exercises and war games can be found to date back to as early as the early 19th century, wherein it was the officers of the Prussian Army who created the contemporary, tactical form of wargames that have since been more widely used and developed by other military conglomerations throughout the world. Non-tactical forms of wargames have existed for much longer, however, in
1331-509: A field exercise or fleet exercise, the two sides in the simulated battle are typically called "red" (simulating the enemy forces ) and "blue", to avoid naming a particular adversary. This naming convention originates with the inventors of the table-top war-game (the " Kriegsspiel "), the Prussian Georg von Reisswitz ; their army wore Prussian blue , so friendly forces were depicted by the color blue. Several different armed forces of
SECTION 10
#17327658524341452-479: A fighting unit under the most arduous operating conditions to enable her pilots to destroy vital military targets in North Vietnam despite intense opposition and extremely adverse weather conditions. While on deployment from November 1967 to June 1968, Kitty Hawk experienced a fire in while in port at Subic Bay and went to general quarters for 51 hours. On 16 January 1968 year, a C-1A Trader swerved off
1573-568: A hostile nation, as revealed by Kitty Hawk's Petty Officer Robert W Jackson . Later, the FBI arrested seven suspects involved in this smuggling scheme, an event related to what was later known as the Iran-Contra scandal. CVW-9 crews logged more than 18,000 flight hours and 7,300 arrested landings. At the same time Kitty Hawk maintained her catapults and arresting gear at 100 percent availability. In 1986, during pre-cruise exercises, one Airman
1694-431: A large combined-arms operation involving a number of land, sea, and air assets. The scale of the exercise was used to test the new Coalition-Wide Area Network (C-WAN), which connected all of the ships involved with the designated command ship of the exercise, USS Coronado . Training operations during RIMPAC 2000 included surface warfare , amphibious landing operations, a sinking exercise (SINKEX), air operations, and
1815-941: A live Rolling Airframe Missile (RAM) launch, firing at a simulated target, the first since 2007. On 30 July 2010, RIMPAC 2010 concluded with a press conference held at Merry Point Landing on Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam. A reception for over 1,500 participants, distinguished visitors and special guests was held in the hangar bays of the carrier Ronald Reagan . During RIMPAC 2010, participating countries conducted three sinking exercises (SINKEX) involving 140 discrete live-fire events that included 30 surface-to-air engagements, 40 air-to-air missile engagements, 12 surface-to-surface engagements, 76 laser-guided bombs , and more than 1,000 rounds of naval gunfire from 20 surface combatant warships. Units flew more than 3100 air sorties, completed numerous maritime interdiction and vessel boardings, explosive ordnance disposal, diving and salvage operations and mine clearance operations and 10 major experiments, with
1936-456: A moral hazard because of the narrow scope of the alliance, while joint military exercises outside of an alliance (which are extremely rare) usually lead to conflict escalation. Exercises in the 20th and 21st centuries have often been identified by a unique code name , such as Cobra Gold , in the same manner as military contingency operations and combat operations like Operation Phantom Fury . Military exercises are sometimes used as cover for
2057-532: A series of strike exercises and tactics reaching along the California coast and off Hawaii, Kitty Hawk again sailed for the Far East. While approaching Japan, she learned an assassin had shot President Kennedy. Flags were at half-mast as she entered Sasebo Harbor on 25 November 1963, the day of the President's funeral, and, as senior ship present, she had the sad honor of firing memorial salutes. After cruising
2178-577: A short three-day layover in Pearl Harbor for some crew R&R. She then departed for the South China Sea. However, while en route, during routine maintenance to the ship's fuel oil systems in the No. 1 machinery room on 11 December 1973, a flange gasket failed in one of the fuel transfer tubes of JP5 jet fuel that pass through Number 1 engine room. Jet fuel was sprayed, atomized, and ignited, and
2299-551: A six-month pre-deployment workup, Kitty Hawk departed NAS North Island 25 October 1977 for another Western Pacific Ocean deployment and returned 15 May 1978. In May 1979, the ship teamed up with Carrier Air Wing 15 (CVW-15) for another Western Pacific deployment. Her duties included search and assistance operations to aid refugees in small boats fleeing the Socialist Republic of Vietnam . During that deployment, Kitty Hawk also offered contingency support off
2420-510: A stand-alone event for headquarters staff only with heavy emphasis on simulated events. Historical names for the field exercise, or the full-scale rehearsal of military maneuvers as practice for warfare in the military services of the British Commonwealth include "schemes", while those of the military services United States are known as Field Training Exercises (FTX), or, in the case of naval forces, Fleet Exercises (FLEETEX). In
2541-585: A visit to Guam, Kitty Hawk celebrated 40 years of active service as the ship and crew sailed south to participate in Exercise Tandem Thrust 2001 with the Australian and Canadian navies. The ship returned to Yokosuka on 11 June 2001. On 17 October 2000, and again on 9 November 2000, Kitty Hawk was buzzed by a group of Russian warplanes in the Sea of Japan , which proceeded to take pictures of
SECTION 20
#17327658524342662-511: Is about two Arleigh-Burke -class destroyers ( USS John Paul Jones and USS Sampson ) and one Japanese Kongō -class destroyer ( JS Myoko ) discovering an alien armada during RIMPAC 2012. RIMPAC 2014 was the 24th exercise in the series and took place from 26 June to 1 August, with an opening reception on 26 June and a closing reception on 1 August. For the first time, the Royal Norwegian Navy actively participated in
2783-416: Is the employment of military resources in training for military operations . Military exercises are conducted to explore the effects of warfare or test tactics and strategies without actual combat . They also ensure the combat readiness of garrisoned or deployable forces prior to deployment from a home base. While both war games and military exercises aim to simulate real conditions and scenarios for
2904-539: Is typically the relationships between visual aspects of the simulation that aid in the assessment of the problems that are simulated within war games, like geographic locations and positionings that would be difficult to discern or analyze at full-scale and for complex environments. Military exercises involving multiple branches of the same military are known as joint exercises , while military exercises involving two or more countries are known as combined , coalition , bilateral , or multilateral exercises , depending on
3025-462: Is used in the simulation of war games to provide a quantifiable method of deduction. However, it is rare that a war game is depended upon for quantitative results, and the use of war games is more often found in situations where qualitative factors of the simulated scenario are needed to be determined. The actual use of war games and the results that they can provide are limited by possibilities. War games cannot be used to achieve predictive results, as
3146-534: The 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment , with a reduced air wing. In April 2002, Kitty Hawk was underway for her scheduled spring training. Along with a Guam port call, the spring underway included port visits to Singapore and Hong Kong, where the crew celebrated Kitty Hawk ' s 41st birthday. In the fall of 2002, Kitty Hawk was training in the Western Pacific. Kitty Hawk and her battle group combined with U.S. Air Force units and elements of
3267-592: The Chilean Navy would be involved in the exercise. From 30 May until 6 July 2000, RIMPAC 2000 took place near Hawaii under the command of Vice Adm. Dennis McGinn . It included the naval forces of Australia, Canada, Chile, Japan, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. Over 50 ships, 200 aircraft, and 22,000 personnel participated in the exercise. RIMPAC 2000 encompassed
3388-522: The Kitty Hawk battle group. This exercise was notable for the accidental shooting down of a US Navy aircraft by a JMSDF vessel. On 3 June 1996, an A-6E SWIP Intruder from VA-115 ( NF-500 , BuNo 155704) based on board the Independence was shot down around 1,600 miles (2,600 km) west of Hawaii by CWIS fire from JDS Yūgiri . At the time of the incident (4:15PM) in clear skies,
3509-733: The Latin American and world level in the planning and execution of combined naval operations. Israel , Vietnam and Sri Lanka made their debut in RIMPAC. Brazil was due to make its debut too but cancelled its participation for the second time. The exercise also included a live firing of the AGM-158C LRASM (Long Range Anti-Ship Missile) for the first time. On 29 April 2020, the US Navy announced RIMPAC would be held from 17 to 30 August. It would be an at-sea-only event because of
3630-798: The Marine Corps , the Coast Guard , and Hawaii National Guard forces under the control of the Governor of Hawaii . The first RIMPAC, held in 1971, involved forces from Australia , Canada , New Zealand , the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States (US). Australia, Canada, and the US have participated in every RIMPAC since then. Other regular participants are Chile , Colombia , France , India , Indonesia , Japan , Malaysia ,
3751-809: The Netherlands , New Zealand , Peru , the Philippines , Singapore , Sri Lanka , Thailand , Tonga , the United Kingdom , and the United States (being 11 countries in Asia, 5 countries in Europe, 4 countries in South America, 3 countries in North America and 3 countries in Oceania). Military exercise A military exercise , training exercise , maneuver ( manoeuvre ), or war game
RIMPAC - Misplaced Pages Continue
3872-843: The No-Fly Zone over Southern Iraq. CVW-5 pilots flew more than 8,800 sorties in 116 days, including 1,300 combat sorties, dropping more than 20 tons of ordnance. On the return trip to Japan, Kitty Hawk made port visits to Perth, Western Australia , and Pattaya , Thailand. Kitty Hawk returned to Yokosuka on 25 August 1999. She was again underway to the Sea of Japan on 22 October to participate in Exercises Foal Eagle and AnnualEx 11G. On 11 April 2000, Kitty Hawk departed Yokosuka, Japan, for routine local area operations and participated in Exercise Cobra Gold with
3993-792: The Pacific Missile Range Facility , and the Pohakuloa Training Area . RIMPAC 2012 is the 23rd exercise in the series and started on 29 June 2012. 42 ships, including the aircraft carrier USS Nimitz and other elements of Carrier Strike Group 11 , six submarines, 200 aircraft and 25,000 personnel from 22 nations took part in Hawaii. The exercise involved surface combatants from the U.S., Canada, Japan, Australia, South Korea and Chile. The US Navy demonstrated its ' Great Green Fleet ' of biofuel-driven vessels for which it purchased 450,000 gallons of biofuel,
4114-401: The Sea of Japan . The Soviet Victor-class nuclear attack submarine K-314 shadowed the task group. On 21 March 1984, at the end of the Sea of Japan part of the exercise, K-314 surfaced directly in front of Kitty Hawk , time was 22:05, too dark and far too close for Kitty Hawk to see and avoid the resulting collision, with minor damage to the aircraft carrier, and significant damage to
4235-637: The Second French Empire in the Franco-Prussian War (1870–71) is sometimes partly credited to the training of Prussian officers with the wargame Kriegsspiel , which was invented around 1811 and gained popularity with many officers in the Prussian army. These first wargames were played with dice which represented "friction", or the intrusion of less than ideal circumstances during a real war (including morale , meteorology ,
4356-832: The South China Sea and ranging to the Philippines in readiness operations with the 7th Fleet, she returned to San Diego on 20 July 1964. Kitty Hawk was overhauled in Puget Sound Naval Shipyard , then trained along the western seaboard. She sailed from San Diego on 19 October 1965, for Hawaii thence to Subic Bay , Philippines, where she prepared for combat operations off the coast of Vietnam . Kitty Hawk returned to San Diego in June 1966 for overhaul and training until 4 November 1966, when she again deployed to serve in waters of Southeast Asia. Scenes from
4477-745: The Tet Offensive , while participating in combat operations in Southeast Asia, and the Navy Unit Meritorious Commendation for exceptionally meritorious service from 15 January 1969 to 27 August 1969 while participating in combat operations in Southeast Asia and contingency operations in Northeast Asia. Both awards noted that the officers and men of the Kitty Hawk displayed undaunted spirit, courage, professionalism, and dedication to maintain their ship as
4598-1094: The United States Seventh Fleet on 7 October 1962, relieving Midway as the flagship . After participating in the Philippine Republic Aviation Week Air Show, Kitty Hawk steamed out of Manila Harbor on 30 November 1962 and welcomed Admiral Harry D. Felt , Commander in Chief, United States Pacific Fleet , for a demonstration of modern naval weapons on 3 December. The ship visited Hong Kong early in December and returned to Japan, arriving at Yokosuka on 2 January 1963. In conjunction with Commander, Carrier Division Seven, Kitty Hawk carried out several exercises in January and February 1963. On 4 January 1963, Operation Checkertail saw Kitty Hawk and three other attack aircraft carriers launch practice airstrikes against
4719-558: The fog of war , etc.). 21st century militaries still use wargames to simulate future wars and model their reaction. According to Manuel de Landa , after World War II the Command, Control and Communications (C ) was transferred from the military staff to the RAND Corporation , the first think tank . Around the mid to late 20th century, computer simulated war games were created to replace traditional war gaming methods with
4840-742: The 1966 Walt Disney comedy Lt. Robin Crusoe, U.S.N. were filmed aboard the warship. Kitty Hawk arrived at Yokosuka, Japan on 19 November to relieve Constellation as flagship for Rear Admiral David C. Richardson , Commander Task Force 77 . On 26 November, Kitty Hawk departed Yokosuka for Yankee Station via Subic Bay. On 5 December, aircraft from Kitty Hawk began their around-the-clock missions over North Vietnam. About this time Kitty Hawk — already accustomed to celebrities as guests – entertained several prominent visitors: William Randolph Hearst Jr. ; Bob Considine ; Dr. Billy Graham ; Nancy Sinatra and John Steinbeck , among others. She remained in
4961-471: The 23 that had been advertised. The exercise involved 55 vessels, more than 200 aircraft, and some 25,000 personnel. China's 2014 participation in RIMPAC was its first. India participated in RIMPAC 2016. In April 2016, the People's Republic of China was also invited to RIMPAC 2016 despite the tension in the South China Sea. In January 2018, China announced that it had been invited. On 23 May 2018, however,
RIMPAC - Misplaced Pages Continue
5082-594: The Far East, supporting the U.S. in Southeast Asia until departing Subic Bay on 28 May 1968. Steaming via Japan, the carrier reached San Diego on 19 June and a week later entered the naval shipyard at Long Beach for maintenance. Kitty Hawk returned to San Diego on 25 August and began a rigorous training program to prepare her for future action. Kitty Hawk was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation for exceptionally meritorious and heroic service from 23 December 1967 to 1 June 1968, which included
5203-1594: The French frigate Prairial , and the Singaporean Formidable -class frigate RSS Supreme . On 28 June 2010, the aircraft carrier Ronald Reagan arrived in Pearl Harbor to participate in RIMPAC 2010. Ronald Reagan was the only aircraft carrier to participate in this exercise. During the in-port phase of RIMPAC, officers and crew of the 14 participating navies interact in receptions, meetings, and athletic events. Ronald Reagan completed its Tailored Ships Training Availability (TSTA) exercises prior to RIMPAC 2010. During 6–7 July 2010, 32 naval vessels and five submarines from seven nations departed Pearl Harbor to participate in Phase II of RIMPAC 2010. This phase included live fire gunnery and missile exercises; maritime interdiction and vessel boardings; and anti-surface warfare, undersea warfare, naval maneuvers and air defense exercises. Participants also collaborated in explosive ordnance disposal; diving and salvage operations; mine clearance operations; and amphibious operations. Phase III involved scenario-driven exercises designed to further strengthen maritime skills and capabilities. During RIMPAC 2010, over 40 naval personnel from Singapore, Japan, Australia, Chile, Peru, and Colombia managed combat exercises while serving aboard Ronald Reagan (pictured). This involved managing anti-submarine warfare and surface warfare for Carrier Strike Group Seven and
5324-758: The Indian Ocean and was again awarded the Navy Expeditionary Medal and the Meritorious Unit Commendation for its service. The world cruise ended at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard on 3 July. Six months later, Kitty Hawk began a Service Life Extension Program (SLEP) overhaul. Kitty Hawk emerged from the yards on 2 August 1990. The overhaul was estimated to have added 20 years of service to the ship. The Aircraft Intermediate Maintenance Department
5445-464: The Intruder was at 700 ft (210 m) towing a target for Yūgiri to shoot down. The radar aboard the destroyer instead locked on to the radar signature of the Intruder and thus fired on it. The engines caught fire with the hydraulics seizing up before the crew safely ejected. Initially thought to be a mechanical it was later determined to be human error. RIMPAC 1996 was also the first time that
5566-491: The Netherlands , Peru , Singapore , South Korea , and Thailand . The Royal New Zealand Navy was frequently involved until the 1985 ANZUS nuclear ships dispute and was subsequently absent, until returning to take part in more recent RIMPACs since 2012. While not contributing any ships, observer nations are involved in RIMPAC at the strategic level and use the opportunity to prepare for possible full participation in
5687-667: The Okinawa Air Defense Command. From 27 January – 2 February 1963, 'Picture Window III' saw 'foreign aircraft' intercepted and visually identified in the Northern Japan area. Though the official ship's papers released in 2011 do not identify the nationality, the 'foreign aircraft' in question were likely from the Soviet Far Eastern Military District or Soviet Naval Aviation . From 16–19 February 1963, Exercise 'Red Wheel'
5808-461: The Pentagon announced that it had "disinvited" China because of recent militarization of islands in the South China Sea . The PRC has previously attended RIMPAC Exercises on 2014 and 2016. On 30 May 2018, the US Navy announced that about 25,000 naval personnel and 52 ships and submarines from 26 countries will participate. In this edition of RIMPAC, the Chilean Navy was responsible for leading
5929-501: The President of Peru. At San Diego , Admiral George W. Anderson , Chief of Naval Operations , landed on her deck 18 November to witness antisubmarine demonstrations by Henry B. Wilson and Blueback , a Terrier missile demonstration by Topeka and air demonstrations by Kitty Hawk . Kitty Hawk entered San Francisco Naval Shipyard on 23 November 1961 for alterations. Following operations out of San Diego, she sailed from San Francisco on 13 September 1962. Kitty Hawk joined
6050-749: The Republic of Korea, the Republic of the Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Thailand, Tonga, the United Kingdom and the United States. Russia participated actively for the first time, as did the Philippines, reportedly due to the escalating tensions with the People's Republic of China over ownership of Scarborough Shoal. RIMPAC 2012 marked the debut of the U.S. Navy's new P-8A Poseidon land-based anti-submarine patrol aircraft, with two P-8As participating in 24 RIMPAC exercise scenarios as part of Air Test and Evaluation Squadron One (VX-1) based at Marine Corps Base Hawaii in Kaneohe Bay . The 2012 movie Battleship
6171-470: The Soviet submarine. At the time of the accident, Kitty Hawk is estimated to have carried several dozen nuclear weapons, and K-314 probably carried two nuclear torpedoes. Kitty Hawk was thereafter considered the first antisubmarine carrier weapon and a red submarine was painted on her island near the bridge but was ordered removed upon return to home port North Island San Diego, CA. Kitty Hawk went to
SECTION 50
#17327658524346292-407: The U.S. Naval Base at Subic Bay in the Philippines for repairs. A piece of one of K-314 ' s propellers was embedded in Kitty Hawk ' s bow, as were some chunks of the Soviet anechoic coating , from scraping along the side of the submarine. The result was an "accidental" intelligence coup for the U.S. Navy. The ship returned to San Diego on 1 August 1984. Seven months later, Kitty Hawk
6413-566: The U.S. and " IVAN " representing the Soviet Union. Early game theory included only zero-sum games , which means that when one player won, the other automatically lost. The prisoner's dilemma , which models the situation of two prisoners in which each one is given the choice to betray or not the other, gave three alternatives to the game: This model gave the basis for the massive retaliation nuclear doctrine. The zero-sum fallacy and cooperative games would be theorized only later, while
6534-417: The United States. During the exercise, participating countries conducted gunnery, missile, anti-submarine, and air defense exercises, as well as maritime interdiction and vessel boarding, explosive ordnance disposal, diving and salvage operations, mine clearance operations, and an amphibious landing. RIMPAC 2010 will also emphasize littoral operations with ships like the U.S. littoral combat ship Freedom ,
6655-736: The Western Atlantic , Kitty Hawk departed Naval Station Norfolk , Norfolk, Virginia on 11 August 1961. After a brief stop at Rio de Janeiro , Brazil, where she embarked the Secretary of the Brazilian Navy for a demonstration during an exercise at sea with five Brazilian destroyers, the attack carrier rounded Cape Horn on 1 October. She steamed into Valparaíso , Chile, on 13 October and then sailed two days later for Peru , arriving in Callao on 20 October where she entertained
6776-468: The actions taken (Defense Ethics Program, Department of National Defense, 2012). These simulations involve crude living conditions, sleep deprivations, time limit, and either lack or ambiguous amount of information. A subset of simulated exercises is the Table Top Exercise (TTX), typically limited to senior personnel stepping through the decision-making processes they would employ in a crisis,
6897-681: The addition of avionics support capability for the S-3. The ship also replaced the Terrier Surface-to-Air missile system with the NATO Sea Sparrow system and added elevators and modified weapons magazines to provide an increased capability for handling and stowing the newer, larger air-launched weapons. Kitty Hawk completed the overhaul in March 1977 and departed the shipyard on 1 April of that year to return to San Diego. After
7018-467: The aircraft carrier USS Constellation and the replenishment ship USS Hassayampa . Tensions among the crews resulted in a Congressional inquiry into discipline in the Navy. From January through July 1973, Kitty Hawk changed home ports from San Diego to San Francisco. Kitty Hawk moved into dry dock on 14 January 1973. Work began to convert the ship from an attack (CVA) to a multi-mission carrier (CV). The "CV" designation indicated that Kitty Hawk
7139-471: The ambiguity of a role one may encounter and challenge of ethics. This will also lead the military personnel to have to make a difficult call in challenging circumstances. Even in difficult situations and conditions, military personnel still has to follow rules and regulations such as: 1) when the right thing to do is not immediately clear; 2) when two or more important principles or values support different actions, and 3) when some harm will result, regardless of
7260-404: The best carrier in the Pacific Fleet. In April 1981, Kitty Hawk left San Diego for her thirteenth deployment to the Western Pacific. Following the cruise, the crew was awarded the Navy Expeditionary Medal and the Humanitarian Service Medal for the rescue of Vietnamese refugees in the South China Sea . In January 1982, Kitty Hawk returned to Bremerton for another year-long overhaul. Following
7381-471: The build up to an actual invasion, as in the cases of the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine , or it can provoke opponents at peace to perceive it as such, as in the case of Able Archer 83 . A Command Post Exercise (CPX) typically focuses on the battle readiness of staffs such as a particular Unified Combatant Command or one of its components at any level. It may run in parallel with an FTX or its equivalent, or as
SECTION 60
#17327658524347502-531: The coast of Korea following the assassination of Republic of Korea President Park Chung Hee . The deployment was then extended 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 months to support contingency operations in the North Arabian Sea during the Iran hostage crisis . For their actions in the region, Kitty Hawk and CVW-15 were awarded the Navy Expeditionary Medal . Kitty Hawk had a cameo appearance in the 1980 movie The Final Countdown , standing in for Nimitz . On her way home from her Western Pacific deployment, Kitty Hawk
7623-403: The comprehensive upgrade and a vigorous training period with Carrier Air Wing 2 , Kitty Hawk deployed in 1984 as the flagship for Battle Group Bravo. Kitty Hawk logged more than 62,000 mi (100,000 km) on this deployment and remained at "Station Gonzo" in the north Arabian Sea for more than 60 consecutive days. In March 1984, Kitty Hawk participated in "Team Spirit" exercises in
7744-406: The decommissioning of Independence on 30 September 1998, Kitty Hawk became the second-oldest active warship in the US Navy and was authorized to fly the First Navy Jack . Kitty Hawk set sail for a planned three-month underway period on 2 March 1999, which included Exercise Tandem Thrust off Guam . Following the exercise, the Kitty Hawk / CVW-5 team was ordered to the Persian Gulf to enforce
7865-411: The defective gasket in the strainer cover assembly by Fireman Apprentice Kevin W. Johnson (deceased) reflected, in the words of the investigating officer, poor judgment and unsound maintenance practices." Further, "Fireman Apprentice Johnson was therefore negligent in the performance of his duties." However, in consonance with the investigating officer, the opinion is expressed that under the circumstances,
7986-401: The entire RIMPAC force, including the use of radar, charts, and high-tech devices to monitor, chart, and communicate with other ships and submarines. Tactical action officers from the different countries coordinated the overall operational picture and provided direction and administration to the enlisted personnel involved in the Sea Combat Control (SCC) activities. Also, Ronald Reagan conducted
8107-406: The evolution of nuclear technology and missiles made the massive retaliation nuclear strategy obsolete. USS Kitty Hawk (CV-63) USS Kitty Hawk (CV-63) , formerly CVA-63 , was a United States Navy supercarrier . She was the second naval ship named after Kitty Hawk, North Carolina , the site of the Wright brothers ' first powered airplane flight. Kitty Hawk was the first of
8228-490: The exercise, a destroyer, frigate, supply ship, and hospital ship. The year's RIMPAC participants were Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, France, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Peru, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Tonga, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Thailand was uninvited from the exercise following a 22 May military coup . Thailand's absence means that 22 nations participated in RIMPAC instead of
8349-482: The exercise, as was expected, and peace loving "Wombat" was liberated. But testing and perfecting the joint interoperability of the various nation's navies was the ultimate goal. To this end, neither side "lost". RIMPAC 1992 took place between 19 June and 2 August 1992. Among the vessels' taking part was the aircraft carrier USS Kitty Hawk , which was assigned to Battle Force X-Ray which also included ten Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) vessels (including
8470-405: The exercise, the Independence ' s air wing ( CVW-5 ) conducted war-at-sea strikes against the Kitty Hawk , with the support of Japanese and US vessels. RIMPAC 1996 involved more than 48 ships and 200 aircraft. Among these vessels were the US carriers Independence, Kitty Hawk and their respective carrier battle groups. Like in RIMPAC '94, the Independence conducted air operations against
8591-420: The exercise. Norway sent one Fridtjof Nansen -class frigate and possibly Norwegian marine special forces. China was also invited to send ships from their People's Liberation Army Navy ; marking not only the first time China participated in a RIMPAC exercise, but also the first time China participated in a large-scale United States-led naval drill. On 9 June 2014, China confirmed it would be sending four ships to
8712-541: The face of "increasingly coercive and aggressive behavior" by China . As discussed previously, the first RIMPAC was in 1971. RIMPAC '88 took place in June 1988, and involved the navies of Japan, Australia, Canada and the United States, as well United States Air Force B-52s. Two US battle groups staged out of Pearl Harbor for the exercise: The USS Nimitz carrier battle group and the USS Missouri battleship battle group. Following routine training exercises to enhance
8833-455: The fire which is the subject of this investigative report." Kitty Hawk stayed busy throughout the mid-1970s with numerous deployments to the Western Pacific and involvement in a large number of exercises, including RIMPAC in 1973 and 1975. Kitty Hawk departed San Diego on 8 March 1976, and on 12 March entered dry dock at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard in Bremerton, Washington , to commence
8954-528: The first humanitarian exercise in the history of RIMPAC. On 23 June 2010, U.S. Pacific Fleet commander Admiral Patrick M. Walsh and Combined Task Force commander Vice Admiral Richard W. Hunt announced the official start of the month-long 2010 Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) exercise during a press conference held in Lockwood Hall at Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam . RIMPAC 2010 was the 22nd exercise in
9075-545: The flight was only delayed by 19 minutes. RIMPAC 1994 involved 57 vessels, and more than 200 aircraft from the United States, Japan, South Korea, Australia, and Canada each taking part in the exercise. These included USS Independence and her carrier battle group , USS Constellation battlegroup, the USS ; Essex amphibious ready group and the Kitty Hawk ' s battlegroup. The exercise's boundaries that year reached as far west as Midway Island . During
9196-489: The forms of tabletop games such as chess and Go . The modern use of military exercises grew out of the military need to study warfare and to reenact old battles for learning purposes. During the age of Kabinettskriege (Cabinet wars), Frederick the Great , King of Prussia from 1740 to 1786, "put together his armies as a well-oiled clockwork mechanism whose components were robot -like warriors. No individual initiative
9317-571: The future. The United States contingent has included an aircraft carrier strike group , submarines , up to a hundred aircraft and 20,000 Sailors, Marines , Coast Guardsmen and their respective officers. The size of the exercises varies from year to year. In the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 , both houses of the US Congress have called for a Taiwanese participation of RIMPAC 2022 in
9438-586: The goal of optimizing and speeding up the process and making it possible to analyze more complex scenarios with greater ease. In 1958, the Naval War college installed a computer war game system where their traditional war gaming activities were held. The system was called the Navy Electronic Warfare System, and cost over $ 10 million to install. The change from traditional war gaming methods to electronic computer simulated ones meant that
9559-471: The great force for peace or war, which these mighty carriers and their accompanying escorts provide, helping to preserve the freedom of distant nations in all parts of the world." An F-4B Phantom II, aircraft no.401, while assigned to VF-114, made the ship's 16,000th trap on 17 August 1963. Film director John Frankenheimer filmed shots for the movie Seven Days in May on board the vessel in 1963. Following
9680-411: The harbor. Thus, the US Navy would often sortie many more ships than those needed to participate in the exercise, enticing the trawlers to follow them to sea. After the participating ships left harbor, the decoy fleet would then lead the Soviet trawlers back to Pearl Harbor, leaving the Soviet captains wondering where the carriers and battleships went. The much larger carrier battle group eventually "won"
9801-479: The island of Lanai, as part of the war game exercise). The USS Nimitz carrier battle group, accompanied by at least one submarine as well as Japanese and Canadian Navy frigates and destroyers, were then sortied from Pearl Harbor in order to "rescue" Wombat from the aggressor force. Soviet intelligence "trawlers" constantly sailed the waters near the entrance of Pearl Harbor during the exercise, "fishing" for radio transmissions and trying to follow warships as they left
9922-405: The largest single purchase of biofuel in history at a cost of $ 12m. On 17 July, USNS Henry J. Kaiser delivered 900,000 gallons of biofuel and traditional petroleum-based fuel to Nimitz ' s Carrier Strike Group 11. The exercises included units or personnel from Australia, Canada, Chile, Colombia, France, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Peru,
10043-966: The last cruise for VA-52 flying the A-6E SWIP Intruder. During the cruise, the Carrier led the first ASW persecution of both the Han Class and Oscar II Class Submarine (Most likely the Oscar II was K-442 ). During the ASW hunt of the Han Class Submarine of the PLA Navy , a standoff ensued between the United States and PRC leading to several PLAAF fighter aircraft flying near Kitty Hawk's S-3 Viking ASW aircraft from VS-37 . Eventually, both sides backed down. In 1995, Kitty Hawk embarked airwing transitioned to CVW-11, marking
10164-526: The maintenance deficiencies noted herein constitute simple, rather than culpable, negligence." In light of the efforts made by all six navy personnel, FA Cardenas, Champine and Tulipana, and FR Deverich, Schambers and Johnson assigned to the machinery room on 11 December 1973, who all died during the suppression efforts, "It has administratively been determined each were posthumously awarded the Navy and Marine Corps Medal for their heroic devotion to duty in fighting
10285-490: The major one being the U.S. Marine Corps Enhanced Company Operations experiment. Ground forces from five countries completed five amphibious landings, including nine helicopter-borne amphibious landings and 560 troops from ship-to-shore mission. In all, 960 different training events were scheduled, and 96 percent were completed in all areas of the Hawaiian operations area, encompassing Kāneʻohe Bay , Bellows Air Force Station ,
10406-404: The multinational forces' abilities to operate together, the two battle groups were split into opposing forces and a pre-set war game scenario was put into action. The Missouri battle group, with USS Long Beach, HMAS Darwin, HMAS Hobart and other escort and supply ships, assumed the role of "aggressor" and conducted an imaginary takeover of the friendly island of "Wombat" (a fictitious name given to
10527-400: The nature of the relationship between the countries and the number of them involved. These exercises allow for better coordination between militaries and observation of enemy tactics, and serve as a visible show of strength and cooperation for the participating countries. According to a 2021 study, joint military exercises within well-defined alliances usually deter adversaries without producing
10648-404: The nature of war and the scenarios that war games aim to simulate are not deterministic. Therefore, war games are primarily used to consider multiple possible outcomes of any given decision, or number of decisions, made in the simulated scenario. These possible outcomes are analyzed and compared, and cause-and-effect relationships are typically sought for the unknown factors within the simulation. It
10769-475: The naval exercise, being the first non-English-speaking Navy to carry out this task. The election of Chile as leader of the Task Groups is a recognition of the high performance achieved in recent editions and the quality of its personnel, which since its first participation in 1996 has been demonstrating its preparation and professionalism. This appointment also places this country in a leadership position in
10890-657: The navies of Singapore and Thailand. Kitty Hawk participated in Exercise Foal Eagle in Fall 2000 and deployed again in March 2001 for a Spring underway period with a historic stop. On 22 March, Kitty Hawk became the first aircraft carrier to ever moor pier-side in Singapore , as the ship visited the brand new Changi Pier, located at the Republic of Singapore Navy 's Changi Naval Base . On 29 April, shortly after
11011-412: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic . Twenty-five (25) nations have been invited to participate. Israel was among the original 25 invited nations, but declined to attend due to the pandemic . There has been some opposition to New Zealand's participation and there have been calls from peace activists for New Zealand not to attend. The Philippines sent its first missile-capable frigate on its maiden voyage, which
11132-518: The only carrier at the time having an aircraft elevator that tracked from the hangar deck to the flight deck angling out 6°. Kitty Hawk moved out of dry dock on 28 April 1973, and the next day, on her 12th birthday, she was named a Multi-Purpose Aircraft Carrier (CV). After much-needed upgrades and modifications to Kitty Hawk ' s systems, she departed Hunters Point navy shipyards in San Francisco to begin "sea trial" exercises and then made
11253-419: The outcome of possible war time decisions. War games, however, can be much smaller than full-scale military operations, do not typically include the use of functional military equipment, and decisions and actions are carried out by artificial players to simulate possible decisions and actions within an artificial scenario which usually represents a model of a real-world scenario. Additionally, mathematical modeling
11374-436: The purpose of preparing and analyzing those scenarios, the distinction between a war game and a military exercise is determined, primarily, by the involvement of actual military forces within the simulation, or lack thereof. Military exercises focus on the simulation of real, full-scale military operations in controlled hostile conditions in attempts to reproduce war time decisions and activities for training purposes or to analyze
11495-556: The reaction on deck. General Anatoly Kornukov , then Russian air force's commander in chief, stated that the Russian warplanes managed to evade Kitty Hawk ' s antiaircraft defense system and that "In the pictures, you can clearly see the panic on deck." In October 2001, Kitty Hawk deployed to the North Arabian Sea for the beginning of Operation Enduring Freedom . The ship served as an afloat forward staging base for
11616-640: The role of the pretend aggressor) attempting to enter the Cowpens' defensive area. The message was accidentally broadcast on the International Air Distress Frequency instead of the internal military radio network, leading to the 747 obeying the warning and leaving the area (despite the airliner not being in any danger). This led to the US apologizing to the Australian Government. A Qantas spokesperson stated that
11737-575: The sailing ship USS Constitution ( Enterprise passed her in 2012; these two aircraft carriers were two of the three carriers to fly the First Navy Jack ). For ten years, Kitty Hawk was the forward-deployed carrier at Yokosuka Naval Base in Yokosuka , Japan. In October 2008, she was replaced in this role by George Washington . Kitty Hawk returned to the United States and had her decommissioning ceremony on 31 January 2009. She
11858-530: The same nation training together are described as having a joint exercise. Those involving forces of multiple nations are described as having a combined exercise or coalition exercise. These are called a bilateral exercise if based on security agreements between two nations, or a multilateral exercise if the agreement is between multiple nations. Other types of exercise include the Tactical Exercise Without Troops (TEWT), also known as
11979-574: The series that originated in 1971. The exercise was designed to increase the operational and tactical proficiency of participating units in a wide array of maritime operations by enhancing military-to-military relations and interoperability. 32 ships, 5 submarines, over 170 aircraft, and 20,000 personnel participated in RIMPAC 2010, the world's largest multi-national maritime exercise. RIMPAC 2010 brought together units and personnel from Australia, Canada, Chile, Colombia, France, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Netherlands, Peru, South Korea, Singapore, Thailand, and
12100-469: The ship rushed to the Persian Gulf on 27 December 1992. Just 17 days later, Kitty Hawk led a joint coalition offensive strike against designated targets in southern Iraq . Kitty Hawk set sail on her 17th deployment 24 June 1994, to provide a stabilizing influence operating in the Western Pacific during a time of great tension in the Far East , particularly concerning North Korea . This would be
12221-675: The ship until the fire was finally brought under control and two propulsion systems restored. Kitty Hawk then headed toward the Philippines, where she ported in Subic Bay until the ship's damage could be assessed, and repairs could be made, but there would be three days of waiting before reaching port. Six enlisted sailors died in the fire: FR Michael Deverich, FR Linn Schambers, FR Kevin Johnson, FA Alan Champine, Samuel Cardenas, and FA Joseph Tulipana. Thirty-four sailors were treated for smoke inhalation and several minor injuries, and one sailor for
12342-430: The ship went to General Quarters for nearly 38 hours. Due to the massive amounts of thick black smoke, the crew was ordered topside to the flight deck until the fire could be controlled and the smoke cleared. Because two and then three of the ship's four propulsion systems had to be shut down during the fire, Kitty Hawk began to list about 7 degrees portside. As a result, many of the aircraft were moved starboard to balance
12463-558: The significant equipment/space changes in the conversion was the addition of the Anti-Submarine Classification and Analysis Center (ASCAC) in the CIC area. ASCAC worked in close conjunction with the anti-submarine warfare aircraft assigned aboard Carrier Air Wing 11 . The Engineering Department underwent a significant change in its propulsion plant during the yard period. The Navy Standard Oil (black oil) fuel system
12584-585: The six men who perished in the tragic fire, upon conclusion of the investigation filed by the Department of the Navy, Commander Seventh Fleet, several opinions on causes were noted within the investigation, which included but were not limited to the Fourth Endorsement on Captain Kenneth L. Shugart , USN. The investigative report of 10 January 1974, section 3, paragraph 3 stated, "The replacement of
12705-424: The submarine JDS Mochishio ). During the exercise, a minor incident occurred when on 13 July 1992, a Qantas Boeing 747-400 flying from Los Angeles to Sydney inadvertently entered into the exercise's area near Hawaii. The aircraft's crew soon overheard a radio warning from the cruiser USS Cowpens that 'hostile action' would be taken against any United States Air Force (USAF) aircraft (playing
12826-515: The three Kitty Hawk -class aircraft carriers to be commissioned and the last to be decommissioned. Kitty Hawk was laid down by the New York Shipbuilding Corporation , Camden, New Jersey , on 27 December 1956. The ship was launched on 21 May 1960, sponsored by Mrs. Camilla F. McElroy, wife of Defense Secretary Neil H. McElroy . Kitty Hawk was launched by flooding her drydock ; the conventional slide-down method
12947-604: The transit. On 1 August 1992, Kitty Hawk was appointed as Naval Air Force Pacific's "ready carrier." The ship embarked Commander, Cruiser-Destroyer Group 5; Commander, Destroyer Squadron 17 and CVW-15 for three months of work-ups before deploying to the Western Pacific on 3 November 1992. While on deployment, Kitty Hawk spent nine days off the coast of Somalia supporting U.S. Marines and coalition forces involved in Operation Restore Hope . In response to increasing Iraqi violations of United Nations sanctions,
13068-533: The value and accuracy of a war game simulation was less dependent on skill and individual experiences, and more dependent on quantitative data and complicated analysis methods. Von Neumann was employed by the RAND Corporation, and his game theory was used in wargames to model nuclear dissuasion during the Cold War . Thus, the U.S. nuclear strategy was defined using wargames, " SAM " representing
13189-744: The wet deck. Four personnel aboard were lost along with the aircraft and could not be recovered. After a deployment from November 1968 to June 1969, Kitty Hawk returned to San Diego for a month and then went to Puget Sound shipyard in September 1969 for dry dock. On 12 October 1972 during the Vietnam War , Kitty Hawk was en route to her station in the Gulf of Tonkin when a race riot involving more than 200 sailors broke out. Nearly 50 sailors were injured in this widely publicized incident. This incident spread racial violence to other US Navy ships, such as
13310-403: Was allowed to Frederick's soldiers; their only role was to cooperate in the creation of walls of projectiles through synchronized firepower." This was in the pursuit of a more effective army, and such practices made it easier to look at war from a top-down perspective. Disciplined troops should respond predictably, allowing study to be confined to maneuvers and command . Prussia 's victory over
13431-643: Was also awarded the Air Forces, US Pacific Fleet Departmental Excellence Award, the Black "E" for this deployment. With the return of CVW-15 to its decks, Kitty Hawk began its second deployment around "the Horn" of South America to her original home port of San Diego on 11 December 1991, performing Gringo-Gaucho with the Argentine Naval Aviation and paying a visit to Mar del Plata during
13552-525: Was announced that 27 countries are expected to take part. On 14 April 2022, it was announced that Canada would send four warships to participate. The same day, Peru announced that the corvette BAP Guise would also take part. On 1 June 2022, a total of 26 countries have confirmed to take part at Exercise RIMPAC 2022, with the list as follows: Australia , Brunei , Canada , Chile , Colombia , Denmark , Ecuador , France , Germany , India , Indonesia , Israel , Japan , South Korea , Malaysia , Mexico ,
13673-429: Was awarded another Battle Efficiency "E" Award. In July 1985, Kitty Hawk and CVW-9 deployed again as flagship for Battle Group Bravo. Kitty Hawk and CVW-9 combined to set a standard for operations, completing their second consecutive fatality-free deployment. In August 1985, People Magazine printed an article stating that Kitty Hawk's missiles and jet parts were illegally smuggled into Iran, at that time considered
13794-411: Was completely converted to Navy Distillate Fuel. The Air Department added several significant changes to the flight deck, including enlarging the jet blast deflectors (JBD) and installing more powerful catapults to handle the new Grumman F-14 Tomcat , which Kitty Hawk was due to receive for its next deployment. Enlarging JBD#1 meant the No. 1 Aircraft Elevator had to be redesigned, making Kitty Hawk
13915-661: Was conducted around Southern Japan also under the direction of Commander, Carrier Division Seven. It aimed to improve the United States Seventh Fleet 's ability to conduct conventional and nuclear warfare while maintaining defense against air and submarine attack. It also aimed to evaluate the capability of 'the HUK [Hunter-Killer] Group' to protect two CVA Task Groups. During these exercises, the ship visited Kobe , Beppu , and Iwakuni before returning to San Diego on 2 April 1963. On 6 June 1963, President John F. Kennedy , with top civilian and military leaders, boarded Kitty Hawk to witness
14036-656: Was filmed entering Pearl Harbor with the crew manning the rails as the ship passed the USS Arizona Memorial . (At the time of the filming, Nimitz was still an Atlantic Fleet, vice Pacific Fleet, aircraft carrier.) Kitty Hawk returned to San Diego in late February 1980 and was also awarded the Meritorious Unit Commendation and the Naval Air Force Pacific Battle Efficiency "E" Award as
14157-452: Was killed during flight operations when he was struck by an aircraft while checking "elongs" during a launch. Kitty Hawk bid farewell to San Diego on 3 January 1987, as the ship departed her home port of 25 years and set out on a six-month world cruise. During the circumnavigation, Kitty Hawk and CVW-9 again showed their commitment to safety by conducting a third fatality-free deployment. Kitty Hawk spent 106 consecutive days on station in
14278-437: Was no longer strictly an attack carrier, in that anti-submarine warfare would also become a major role. Kitty Hawk became the first Pacific Fleet carrier to carry the multi-purpose "CV" designation. The conversion consisted of adding ten new helicopter calibrating stations, installing sonar / sonobuoy readout and analysis center and associated equipment, and changing a large portion of the ship's operating procedures. One of
14399-511: Was officially decommissioned on 12 May 2009 after 48 years of service. Kitty Hawk was replaced by George H. W. Bush . She was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 20 October 2017, and was designated for disposal by dismantling a few days later. On 15 January 2022 Kitty Hawk left Puget Sound Naval Shipyard under tow en route to Brownsville, Texas, for scrapping, arriving there on 31 May 2022. Following shakedown in
14520-457: Was only commissioned into service 10 July 2020, as its "shakedown cruise" where its performance would be tested by the crew in the two-week exercises. On 17 August 2020, the US Navy announced that participation has scaled down to 10 nations, 22 ships, one submarine, and approximately 5,300 personnel, all at sea. These are the following navies that would take part in the exercise: On 29 August 2020, forces began firing on former USS Durham ,
14641-584: Was ruled out because of her mass and the risk that she might hit the Philadelphia shore on the far side of the Delaware River. The ship was commissioned 29 April 1961, at Philadelphia Naval Shipyard , Captain William F. Bringle in command. With the decommissioning of Independence on 30 September 1998, Kitty Hawk became the United States warship with the second-longest active status, after
#433566