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40-689: Rouffach lies along the Alsatian wine route ( Route des Vins d'Alsace ). Its vineyards produce one of the finest Alsatian wines : the Grand Cru Vorbourg  [ fr ] . Rouffach is situated on the Lauch River, 15 km (9.3 mi) south of Colmar and 28 km (17 mi) north of Mulhouse , on the vineyards of the eastern foothills of the Vosges Mountains. The most important transportation routes between

80-558: A blend may not have more than one varietal name on the label. Almost all Alsace wine is produced under one of the region's three AOC designations—Alsace, Alsace Grand Cru and Crémant d'Alsace. Unlike most other French wine regions, there exists no Vin de pays designation for Alsace. This means that wines that do not qualify for AOC status have to be sold as simple Vin de table de France . This happens in some instances when producers wish to use other grape varieties in their wine, like Domaine Zind-Humbrecht which sells its cuvée Zind ,

120-565: A blend of 65% Chardonnay and 35% Auxerrois. Up to 2,000 growers bottle their own wine, but more than 80% of the wine is produced by 175 producers, including many winemaking cooperatives . Even the largest winemaking companies/négociants in Alsace tend to be family-owned. In 2001, approximately 45% of Alsace wine was made by cooperatives. Some of the best known producers include Maison Trimbach , Domaine Zind-Humbrecht , Hugel & Fils , Léon Beyer, Weinbach, Josmeyer and Marcel Deiss . Many of

160-900: A more distantly related Franconian dialect spoken in the northwest corner of Alsace and in neighbouring Lorraine . Like other dialects and languages, Alsatian has also been influenced by outside sources. Words of Yiddish origin can be found in Alsatian, and modern conversational Alsatian includes adaptations of French words and English words, especially concerning new technologies. Many speakers of Alsatian could, if necessary, write in reasonable standard German . For most this would be rare and confined to those who have learned German at school or through work. As with other dialects, various factors determine when, where, and with whom one might converse in Alsatian. Some dialect speakers are unwilling to speak standard German, at times, to certain outsiders and prefer to use French. In contrast, many people living near

200-524: A revised orthography meant for use by all dialects of Alsatian promoted by the Office pour la Langue et les Cultures d'Alsace et de Moselle (OLCA) . The latest version (2016) of Orthal is described below. Not all dialects are expected to use all letters & diacritics. For example, Owerlandisch from Southern Alsace primarily uses the additional vowel letters, Ä À Ì Ü. Dialects from the north (Strasbourg region) make use of more letters including Ë, Ö, Ù and

240-668: A syllable is pronounced as a Short Vowel. e.g., Ross Alsatian has a set of 19 consonants: Three consonants are restricted in their distribution: /kʰ/ and /h/ only occur at the beginning of a word or morpheme, and then only if followed immediately by a vowel; /ŋ/ never occurs at the beginning of a word or morpheme. Alsatian, like some German dialects, has lenited all obstruents but [k] . Its lenes are, however, voiceless as in all Southern German varieties. Therefore, they are here transcribed /b̥/ , /d̥/ , /ɡ̊/ . Speakers of French tend to hear them as their /p, t, k/ , which also are voiceless and unaspirated. The phoneme /ç/ has

280-624: A whole is located on the western part of the Rhine Graben , which is the result of two systems of parallel faults, with a dropped down block between the Vosges and the Black Forest . Almost all wines are white, except those made from the Pinot noir grape which are pale red, often rosé , rarely red (e.g. Rouge d'Ottrott ). Sparkling wines known as Crémant d'Alsace are also made. Much of

320-401: A year on average, but the amount can vary greatly between sites. While the slope down the Vosges is generally east-facing, many of the best sites are south-west to south-east facing, and benefit from extra sun exposure. Alsace's geology is quite varied, with many different kinds of soils represented in the vineyards. Alsace's soils are a result of its location at a geological fault . Alsace as

360-463: Is an approximately 170-kilometre-long (110 mi) road, crossing the main wine producing areas of the region. From north to south, the following 67 communes crossed by the Route are: Alsatian dialect Alsatian (Alsatian: Elsässisch or Elsässerditsch "Alsatian German"; Lorraine Franconian : Elsässerdeitsch ; French : Alsacien ; German : Elsässisch or Elsässerdeutsch )

400-452: Is dry, to a large extent because they were intended to be paired with food . In the same era, Alsace has also experienced a drive to higher quality, which led to AOC status being awarded. In recent decades, the difference between Alsace and Germany has diminished, since German wines have become drier and more powerful, while many Alsace wines have become sweeter and the late harvest and dessert style wines have been "rediscovered" in Alsace since

440-423: Is of AOC wine, since there is no Vin de pays region which covers Alsace. Thus, the only alternative to producing AOC wine is to declassify it all the way down to Vin de table , which generally means that neither grape varieties, region of origin or vintage may be identified. However, this solution is mostly avoided since edelzwicker and gentil may be blended from several varieties, i.e. varieties that exceed

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480-1032: Is produced in the Alsace region in France and is primarily white wine . Because of its Germanic influence, it is the only Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée region in France to produce mostly varietal wines, typically from similar grape varieties to those used in German wine . Along with Austria and Germany, it produces some of the most noted dry Rieslings in the world as well as highly aromatic Gewürztraminer wines. Wines are produced under three different AOCs: Alsace AOC for white, rosé and red wines , Alsace Grand Cru AOC for white wines from certain classified vineyards and Crémant d'Alsace AOC for sparkling wines . Both dry and sweet white wines are produced. In 2006, vines were grown on 15,298 hectares (37,800 acres ) in 119 villages in Alsace, and 111.3 million litres of wine

520-540: Is similar to Auslese in Germany. Sélection de Grains Nobles means "selection of noble berries", i.e. grapes affected by noble rot , and is similar to a German Beerenauslese . For both VT and SGN, Alsace wines tend to be higher in alcohol and therefore slightly lower in sugar than the corresponding German wines. Therefore, Riesling VT and Muscat VT tend to be semi-sweet rather than sweet, while Gewürztraminer and Pinot gris tend to be rather sweet already at VT level. But as

560-481: Is the case with sweetness in other Alsace wines, this depends to a large extent on the house style of the producer. The required level of ripeness of the grapes, which was increased in 2001, are as follows, expressed as sugar content of the must and potential alcohol : The producer Aimé Stentz produces a late harvest Pinot blanc known as Pi-Noblesse , which is ineligible for either VT or SGN labelling. The minimum required must weights have again been increased to

600-425: Is the group of Alemannic German dialects spoken in most of Alsace , a formerly disputed region in eastern France that has passed between French and German control five times since 1681. Alsatian is closely related to other nearby Alemannic dialects , such as Swiss German , Swabian , Markgräflerisch , Kaiserstühlerisch and the other Alemannic dialects of Baden . It is often confused with Lorraine Franconian ,

640-580: The United States . An important influence in the history of Alsace wine has been the repeated changes of nationality of the Alsace region, which has passed from France to Germany and vice versa several times throughout history. In the early history of the Alsace wine industry, they were traded together with other German wines since Rhine provided the means to transport the wines. In much of the post– World War II era, wine styles in Alsace and Germany diverged, as Alsace wines remained fully fermented, that

680-460: The 5th century, the walled village ( oppidum ) beneath the stronghold of Isenburg was a residence of the Merovingian kings. According to pious legend recorded in the chronicle of Ebersmunster , the son of King Dagobert II gave the city to Arbogast , bishop of Strasbourg , in the 7th century, after the bishop had re-awakened his son Sigebert from death in a hunting incident. More certainly

720-782: The AOC rules in the concerned season. There is a legal requirement for bottling Alsace wine in tall bottles commonly called flûtes d'Alsace  [ fr ] . In the AOC rules, the bottle type is actually called vin du Rhin , i.e., "Rhine wine bottle". Without being mandated by law, this bottle format is also common and traditional in many German regions, particularly for Riesling and other traditional white wine varieties. There are two late harvest classifications, Vendange Tardive (VT) and Sélection de Grains Nobles (SGN). Vendange Tardive means "late harvest" (which in German would be Spätlese ), but in terms of must weight requirements, VT

760-582: The United States by a group known as the Swiss Amish , whose ancestors emigrated there in the middle of the 19th century. The approximately 7,000 speakers are located mainly in Allen County, Indiana , with "daughter settlements" elsewhere. C , Q , and X are only used in loanwords. Y is also used in native words, but is more common in loanwords. Orthal ( Orthographe alsacienne ) is

800-468: The VT and SGN designations were introduced in 1983. The total vineyard surface in Alsace has increased over the last decades, although the total French vineyard surface has decreased. In 1967, there were 9,400 hectares (23,000 acres) of Alsace vineyards, in 1982, 11,750 hectares (29,000 acres), and in 2007, 15,300 hectares (38,000 acres). Over the same period of time, among the varieties, Pinot gris has increased

840-540: The Vosges, at altitudes of 175–420 metres (574–1,378 ft). Those altitudes provide a good balance between temperature, drainage and sun exposure under Alsace's growing conditions. Because of predominantly westerly winds, the Vosges mountains tend to shelter Alsace from rain and maritime influence, and the region is therefore rather dry and sunny. The city of Colmar in the Haut-Rhin department of Alsace receives approximately 600 millimetres (24 in) of precipitation

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880-409: The adult population of Alsace speaks Alsatian, its use has been largely declining amongst the youngest generations. In 2023 local French public schools began offering Alsatian immersion for the first time. The programs have proven popular with students and parents but after years of official state suppression of the language, struggle to find enough teachers. A dialect of Alsatian German is spoken in

920-493: The border with Basel , Switzerland , will speak their dialect with a Swiss person from that area, as they are mutually intelligible for the most part; similar habits may apply to conversations with people of the nearby German Markgräflerland . Some street names in Alsace may use Alsatian spellings (they were formerly displayed only in French but are now bilingual in some places, especially Strasbourg and Mulhouse ). Since 1992,

960-508: The case of Alsace, the name Tokay Pinot gris was used as an intermediate step, with the "Tokay" part eliminated in 2007. The geography of the wine growing area in Alsace is determined by two main factors, the Vosges mountains in the west and the Rhine river in the east. The vineyards are concentrated in a narrow strip, running in a roughly north–south direction, on the lower eastern slopes of

1000-638: The constitution of the Fifth Republic states that French is the official language of the Republic. However, Alsatian, along with other regional languages , is recognized by the French government in the official list of languages of France . France is a signatory to the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages but has never ratified the law and has not given regional languages

1040-408: The decrease. Alsace is known for being the only French wine-growing region with a long practice in varietal labeling, which was a German tradition long before varietally labelled New world wines scored considerable export success. However, under appellation rules, not all varietal-sounding names on labels need to correspond to a single grape variety. Only one varietal label may be used on a wine, and

1080-481: The diphthong ÈI. In general the principles of Orthal are to: The vowels are pronounced short or long based on their position in the syllable besides the letter type. A vowel at the end of a syllable, without a subsequent consonant, is a long vowel "V" = Long Vowel (LV). e.g., hà, sì A vowel followed by a single consonant in a syllable is pronounced as a long vowel "V + C" = Long Vowel (LV). e.g., Ros Note – A vowel followed by several consonants ("V + C + C") in

1120-445: The end of the war, when Alsace was conquered by France , the fief was abolished. The city again achieved prosperity, chiefly due to wine growing and the production of kirsch from the cherry orchards connected with the chateau, and because it was spared during the following wars. During the time of Nazi annexation , a Nationalpolitische Erziehungsanstalt ( National Political Institute of Education , NEPA, popularly known as Napola )

1160-516: The fief was one of the most ancient belonging to Strasbourg. It finally became the main town of an episocopal fief , which also included Eguisheim . The city quickly developed and a wall was built around it. The golden age ended abruptly with the Thirty Years' War , when the town was devastated by the Swedes. Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria held court in the city when he was in Alsace. At

1200-437: The following: VT: Riesling, Muscat, Muscat Ottonel: 235 g/L (formerly 220 g/L); Pinot Gris, Gewürztraminer: 257 g/L (formerly 243 g/L) SGN: Riesling, Muscat, Muscat Ottonel: 276 g/L (formerly 256 g/L); Pinot Gris, Gewürztraminer: 306 g/L (formerly 279 g/L) Over the last decades, plantings of Riesling, Pinot noir and in particular Pinot gris have increased, while Sylvaner (once the most grown variety) and Chasselas have been on

1240-435: The larger houses, such as Hugel, sell both wines from their own vineyards and market wines they have produced from purchased grapes, i.e., operate as négociant . Producers calling themselves "Domaine", such as Zind-Humbrecht, are supposed to only use grapes from their own vineyards. There are also several winemaking cooperatives, some of which have a rather good reputation. The Route des Vins d'Alsace ( Wine route of Alsace)

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1280-519: The most, from 4% to 15% of the vineyard surface, while Sylvaner has decreased the most. The grape variety Pinot gris is believed to have been taken to Hungary in the 14th century, where it was named Szürkebarát . It is further believed to have been brought back to Alsace by General Lazarus von Schwendi after his campaign against the Turks in the 16th century. It was planted in Kientzheim under

1320-480: The name "Tokay", taken from Hungary's most famous wine Tokaji , which does not use Pinot gris, but rather Furmint and Hárslevelű mainly. For a long time, the Alsatian wines produced from this variety were labelled Tokay d'Alsace. However, in 1993, an agreement was reached between Hungary and the European Union (of which Hungary was not yet a member) to phase out the name Tokay from non- Hungarian wine . In

1360-407: The support that would be required by the charter. Alsatian has gone from being the prevalent language of the region to one in decline. A 1999 INSEE survey counted 548,000 adult speakers of Alsatian in France , making it the second-most-spoken regional language in the country (after Occitan ). Like all regional languages in France, however, the transmission of Alsatian is declining. While 43% of

1400-747: The towns are the N83 ( Lyon – Strasbourg ) and the railway line Strasbourg-Mulhouse- Basel . Rouffach has an oceanic climate ( Köppen climate classification Cfb ). The average annual temperature in Rouffach is 11.2 °C (52.2 °F). The average annual rainfall is 629.0 mm (24.76 in) with May as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around 20.3 °C (68.5 °F), and lowest in January, at around 1.9 °C (35.4 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Rouffach

1440-542: The white wines of Alsace are made from aromatic grape varieties , so many characteristic Alsace wines are aromatic, floral and spicy. Since they very seldom have any oak barrel aromas they tend to be very varietally pure in their character. Traditionally all Alsace wines were dry (which once set them apart from German wines with which they share many grape varieties), but an ambition to produce wines with more intense and fruity character has led some producers to produce wines which contain some residual sugar. Since until 2020 there

1480-666: Was 39.3 °C (102.7 °F) on 13 August 2003; the coldest temperature ever recorded was −17.5 °C (0.5 °F) on 13 January 1987. in pago qui vocatur Rubiaco (charter, 662), Rubiacum 12th century, Rufiacum 13th century. In records of the diocese of Strasbourg it is called Upper Mundat. The name derives from the Gallo-Roman male's name Rubbius or Rubius ending with Celtic suffix -āko > -acum (cf. Welsh -og ). Similar place-names in France ;: Royat ( Rubiacum 1147), Robiac ( Robiaco 1119). In

1520-835: Was housed in a former sanatorium of the city (as of October 1940). Rouffach is a station on the Romanesque Route of Alsace ( Route Romane d'Alsace ). Since 1964, Rouffach has been a partner of the German city of Bönnigheim in Baden-Württemberg . Born in Rouffach: Resident in Rouffach: Alsace wine Alsace wine or Alsatian wine ( French : Vin d'Alsace ; German : Elsässer Wein ; Haut Rhin Alsatian : d'r Wii vum Elsàss ; Bas Rhin Alsatian : de Win vum Elsàss )

1560-628: Was no official labeling that differentiated completely dry from off-dry (or even semi-sweet) wines, this occasionally led to some confusion among consumers. It is more common to find residual sugar in Gewürztraminer and Pinot gris, which reach a higher natural sugar content on ripeness , than in Riesling, Muscat or Sylvaner. Usually there is a "house style" as to residual sugar, i.e., some producers only produce totally dry wines, except for their dessert style wines. Almost all production in Alsace

1600-462: Was produced, corresponding to 148.4 million bottles of 750 mL, generating 478.8 million euro in revenue. Of the vineyard surface, 78% was classified for the production of AOC Alsace wines, 4% for AOC Alsace Grand Cru, and 18% for AOC Crémant d'Alsace. About 90% of the wine produced is white. 25% of the production is exported, and the five largest export markets for still Alsace wine in terms of volume are Belgium , Netherlands , Germany , Denmark and

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