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Hassan Rouhani

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93-412: 7th President of Iran First term Second term Hassan Rouhani ( Persian : حسن روحانی ; born Hassan Fereydoun , 12 November 1948) is an Iranian politician who served as the seventh president of Iran from 2013 to 2021. He is also a sharia lawyer (" Wakil "), academic, former diplomat and Islamic cleric. He served as a member of Iran's Assembly of Experts from 1999 to 2024. He

186-683: A PhD degree in Constitutional Law in 1999 for a thesis titled The Flexibility of Shariah (Islamic Law) with reference to the Iranian experience . Rouhani's Caledonian research was initially supervised by Iranian lawyer and scholar Sayed Hassan Amin and later by Islamic law scholar Mahdi Zahraa. The website of the Center for Strategic Research, a think-tank headed by Rouhani, misattributed his doctorate to Glasgow University rather than Glasgow Caledonian University and confusion ensued as

279-414: A Shia mujtahid (a senior cleric), and economic trade negotiator. On 7 May 2013, Rouhani registered for the presidential election that was held on 14 June 2013. He campaigned on promises to restore the economy, improve rocky relations with Western nations , and prepare a "civil rights charter" if elected. He also expressed official support for upholding the rights of ethnic and religious minorities. He

372-532: A French architect – who was serving the Ministry of Education as an engineer, began looking for a location for the university grounds. By the orders of Rezā Shāh , the compound of Jalaliyeh garden was selected. Jalaliyeh garden was located in the north of the then Tehran between Amirabad village and the northern trench of Tehran. This garden was founded in the early 1900s during the final years of Nasir ad- Din Shah, by

465-595: A fifth child, a son who has died in unknown circumstances. Based on a comment by Alireza Nourizadeh , some sources reported that he committed suicide "in protest of his father's close connection with Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei ". This claim, apparently originating from Nourizadeh's report in the Saudi-owned newspaper Asharq Al-Awsat , included the following text which allegedly came from the son's suicide note : "I hate your government, your lies, your corruption, your religion, your double standard and your hypocrisy...I

558-455: A just king in Persian mythology , Persian : ‌حسن فریدون , Persian pronunciation: [hæˌsæn-e feɾejˈdun] ) and later changed his last name to Rouhani , which means 'spiritual' or 'cleric'; also transliterated as Rowhani , Ruhani , or Rohani ). It is not clear when he officially changed his last name. He was named as "Hassan Fereydoun Rouhani" (Persian: حسن فریدون روحانی ) in

651-663: A list of Majlis representatives on 5 July 1981, while photos of his identification card (in Persian transliteration: shenasnameh ) taken around his presidential campaign in 2013 only say "Rouhani" is his last name. As a young cleric, Hassan Rouhani started his political activities by following the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini during the beginning of the Iranian Islamist movement. In 1965, he began traveling throughout Iran making speeches against

744-401: A pro-government rally that "At dusk yesterday we received a decisive revolutionary order to crush mercilessly and monumentally any move of these opportunist elements wherever it may occur. From today our people shall witness how in the arena our law enforcement force . . . shall deal with these opportunists and riotous elements, if they simply dare to show their faces." and led the crackdown. In

837-399: A proposal was put forth by the foreign minister, Kamal Kharazi , which was accepted by the president and other Iranian leaders. According to that proposal, a decision was made to establish a politically, legally, and technically efficient nuclear team with Hassan Rouhani in charge. The team was delegated with special powers in order to formulate a comprehensive plan for Iran's interactions with

930-406: A result on whether he was a graduate of either university, especially as he was known during his student years by his birth name "Hassan Fereydoun". Glasgow Caledonian University carried out an internal investigation to confirm Rouhani's alumnus status and after confirming it, it published Rouhani's theses abstracts and a video showing him being capped, as Scottish academic tradition provides, during

1023-470: A state of the art center for the preservation of manuscripts. The University of Tehran Press (UTP), which focuses on publishing academic books, has published over 5,000 books up until today, and currently publishes on average more than one book per day. UTP has over 96 distribution agents throughout the country as well as one in Afghanistan. University of Tehran is a public university and its funding

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1116-648: A student campaign claimed that they had for the first time investigated Rouhani's whole thesis using plagiarism detection tool iThenticate and that chapters one through four of Rouhani's thesis had been plagiarized at least 39%, 43%, 40% and 82%, respectively. Ayatollah Ali Akbar Kalantari, a member of the Assembly of Experts , Shiraz University faculty member and one of the alleged victims, said that "major segments" of Chapter 4 of Rouhani's thesis had been translated from his book without being referenced. Reformist Sadegh Zibakalam accused Rouhani's rival of politicizing

1209-420: A ten-day mandate for introducing his cabinet members to the parliament but he did not use this. Then, parliament voted on his cabinet, which was scheduled on 14–19 August. Between three reformist politicians ( Mohammad Reza Aref , Eshaq Jahangiri or Mohammad Shariatmadari ) that were likely for the vice presidency, Rouhani appointed former industries minister as vice-president. There were also many candidates for

1302-519: Is a Collegiate university and the oldest and most prominent Iranian university located in Tehran , Iran . Based on its historical, socio-cultural, and political pedigree, as well as its research and teaching profile, UT has been nicknamed "The Mother University [of Iran]" ( Persian : دانشگاه مادر ). In international rankings, UT has been ranked as one of the best universities in the Middle East and

1395-489: Is a pity that this city lags far behind other great countries of the world. " His words had a profound impact on everyone in the meeting, resulting in the acceptance of the proposal. Thus allocating an initial budget of 250,000 Tomans, the Ministry of Education was authorized to find a suitable land for the establishment of the university and take necessary measures to construct the building as soon as possible. Ali Asghar Hekmat in collaboration and consultation with André Godard ,

1488-494: Is among the top universities of the world . It is also the premier knowledge producing institute among all OIC countries. Tehran University of Medical Sciences is in the 7th ranking of the Islamic World University Ranking in 2021. The university offers more than 111 bachelor's degree programs, 177 master's degree programs, and 156 PhD . programs. Many of the departments were absorbed into

1581-475: Is based on national standing based on research achievements and invested funding in the mentioned topics. Fifteen percent of the country's Centers of Excellence, as recognized by the government, are located at the University of Tehran, which along with more than 40 research centers ensure UT's commitment to research. Together, over 3,500 laboratories are active in these centers and in the faculties. In addition,

1674-504: Is hard to establish, it seems that most or all resignations were not accepted. Many of the most important figures in Iranian political, academic, and social life have been associated with the University of Tehran. Notable press alumnus include Hossein Towfigh , Editor-in-Chief of Towfigh Magazine . Politicians include the nationalist leader Mohammad Mosaddegh , Ayatollah Mohammad Beheshti , former Prime Minister Jamshid Amouzegar , and

1767-400: Is in the form of "Afzoot" (Amrood), which means plentiful and increasing. University of Tehran's official color is University of Tehran Blue (RGB: 29,160,196). The University of Tehran main entrance was designed in 1965 by Korosh Farzami , one of the students of the faculty of Fine Arts of the University and built by Arme Construction Company . The gates are depicted on the reverse of

1860-464: Is provided by the government of Iran. For the top ranks of the national university entrance exam, education is free in all public universities. The people with ranks below the normal capacity of the universities will be required to pay part or all of the tuition. In 2011 University of Tehran with an amount equivalent to 70 million dollars got the highest budget among all universities in Iran. The emblem of

1953-755: Is reported to have been politically active against Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi , the Shah of Iran , and arrested first in 1962, and then more than twenty times before the Iranian Revolution in 1979. Rouhani started religious studies in 1960. First at Semnan Seminary before moving on to the Qom Seminary in 1961. He attended classes taught by prominent scholars of that time including Mostafa Mohaghegh Damad , Morteza Haeri Yazdi , Mohammad-Reza Golpaygani , Soltani, Mohammad Fazel Lankarani , and Mohammad Shahabadi . In addition, he studied modern courses, and

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2046-615: Is the seventh president of Iran which governed within the eleventh government of the Islamic Republic of Iran . Rouhani appointed Jahangiri as the first vice president. Elham Aminzadeh is another Vice President, who was appointed by Rouhani as his vice president for legal affairs on 11 August. Mohammad Bagher Nobakht is the other vice president in the cabinet and he is in charge of planning and strategic supervision. Rouhani announced his designated cabinet on 4 August 2013. Then, parliament voted to his cabinet. The voting process

2139-443: The 2017 election with 23,636,652 votes (57.1%). He became the third Iranian President, after Mohammad Khatami and Mahmoud Ahmadinejad , to win a presidential victory as an incumbent with an increased electoral mandate. Although Rouhani originally had the support of Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei during his second term, their relationship soured as Khamenei criticized Rouhani for presumably being too soft in negotiations with

2232-558: The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and improving the business environment in the short term. Rouhani believes that improving the economic conditions of the people should be accomplished by boosting the purchasing power of the people, reducing the wealth gap . He also thinks that equitable distribution of national wealth and economic growth lead to all mentioned economic goals. He states that if national wealth

2325-653: The Ministry of Science, Research and Technology . The first official step for the establishment of the present form of University of Tehran in Iran occurred on 31 March 1931 when Minister of Court Abdolhossein Teymourtash wrote Isa Sedigh who was completing his doctoral dissertation at Columbia University in New York to inquire as to requirements for the establishment of a university in Tehran. Isa Sedigh regarded

2418-716: The Nobel Peace Prize in 2003, pioneering architect Heydar Ghiai , prominent philosopher Hossein Nasr , reformist cleric Mehdi Karroubi , environmental activist Mahlagha Mallah . Alumni from the University of Tehran's predecessor institutions the Dar ul-Funun and the Tehran School of Political Sciences include linguist Ali-Akbar Dehkhoda , Baháʼí scholar Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl and former Prime Ministers Mohammad-Ali Foroughi and Ali Amini . The School of Engineering at

2511-599: The Center for Strategic Research since 1991. He is the managing editor of three academic and research quarterlies in Persian and English, which include Rahbord (Strategy), Foreign Relations , and the Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs . Rouhani was secretary of the Supreme National Security Council (SNSC) for 16 years. His leading role in the nuclear negotiations which brought him the nickname of "Diplomat Sheikh", first given to him by

2604-636: The Central Library and Documentation Center has become a member of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA). The library holds a set of manuscripts, including historical documents, microfilms, pictorial manuscripts, rare books, lithography books, historical photos, and handwriting of scholars and politicians. This collection includes about 17,000 volumes of manuscripts in Persian as well as other languages. The Conservation and Restoration Department of

2697-613: The IAEA and coordination among various concerned organizations inside the country. Therefore, on the order of President Khatami with the confirmation of Ali Khamenei , Hassan Rouhani took charge of Iran's nuclear case on 6 October 2003. Subsequently, negotiations between Iran and three European states started at Sa'dabad Palace in Tehran and continued in later months in Brussels , Geneva and Paris. Rouhani and his team, whose members had been introduced by Ali Akbar Velayati and Kharazi as

2790-533: The International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran , and Human Rights Watch , requested the withdrawal of Mostafa Pourmohammadi's nomination for the post of justice minister due to his controversial past tenure. Revolutionary Guards Major General Mohammad Ali Jafari criticised Rouhani's administration in December 2013: "The military, systems and procedures governing the administrative system of

2883-597: The Iran Air Defense Force (1986–1991). He was appointed as Deputy to Second-in-Command of Iran's Joint Chiefs of Staff (1988–1989). When Robert C. McFarlane , Reagan's national security adviser, came to Tehran in May 1986, Rouhani was one of the three people who talked to McFarlane about buying weapons. Eventually, this weapons sale became known as the Iran–Contra affair . At the end of the war, Hassan Rouhani

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2976-478: The Iranian 50,000 rials banknote. Initially University of Tehran included eight colleges and faculties: Later more faculties were founded: In 1992, the faculties of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmacology seceded to become the Tehran University of Medical Sciences but is still located at the main campus (The central Pardis). The Central Pardis Campus, on Enghelab Ave, is the oldest and best known of

3069-477: The Iranian domestic arena has continued to be so pronounced that in November 2005 (to February 2008) a senior Islamic scholar became chancellor(president) of the university, replacing Faraji-dana (professor of electrical engineering faculty). Ayatollah Abbasali Amid Zanjani (عباسعلی عميد زنجانی) is a professor in law, is known for his strong ties to Ayatollah Khomeini in the 1979 revolution, and had spent time in

3162-727: The Islamist movement, for the first time. It has been suggested that the title has been used for Khomeini by others before, including by the Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr , although Rouhani was influential in publicizing the title. Since he was under surveillance by SAVAK (Iran's pre-revolution intelligence agency), the Ayatollah Mohammad Beheshti and the Ayatollah Morteza Motahhari advised him to leave

3255-658: The Library houses the Specialized Lab, the Renovation Workshop, and the Special Bindery office. University of Tehran's central place in Iranian elite circles has made it the setting for many political events and cultural works. It was in front of the gates of this school that The Shah's army opened fire on dissident students, killing many and further triggering the 1979 revolution of Iran. It

3348-584: The SNSC. Our centrifuges are good to spin when our people's economy is also spinning in the right direction. Rouhani during TV debate Rouhani was considered a leading candidate in the June election because of his centrist views yet close ties to Iran's ruling clerics and the Green Movement . He announced his presidential candidacy on 11 March 2013 and registered as a presidential candidate on 7 May. Amid

3441-549: The Shah's prisons before the Islamic Revolution. In February 2008, an economist, Farhad Rahbar, a former vice president of Iran and head of Management and Planning Organization of Iran, became the new (31st) chancellor of the university. One hundred and nineteen faculty members of the University of Tehran are said to have resigned on 15 June 2009 to protest the attack on university dorms in the wake of contested 2009 presidential elections : although clear follow-up data

3534-556: The Supreme National Security Council after 16 years on 15 August 2005, and was succeeded by Ali Larijani as the new secretary who also took charge of Iran's nuclear case. Larijani, likewise, could not get along with the policies of the new government and resigned his post on 20 October 2007, to be replaced by Saeed Jalili . Rouhani then was appointed by the Supreme Leader as his representative at

3627-622: The University of Tehran from the Dar al-Funun established in 1851 and the Tehran School of Political Sciences established in 1899. The main campus of the university is located in the central part of the city. However, other campuses are spread across the city as well as in the suburbs such as the Baghe Negarestan Campus at the central eastern part of the city, the Northern Amirabad Campuses at

3720-534: The University of Tehran is based on an image which can be found in the stucco relief and seals of the Sasanid period. It is a copy from a stucco relief discovered in the city of Ctesiphon . The seal symbolized ownership. In the Sassanid period, these seals were used in stucco reliefs , coins, and silver utensils as a family symbol. Since the alphabet of Sasanid Pahlavi 's script was used in these badges, they have

3813-449: The University of Tehran publishes more than 50 scientific journals, some of which have the ISI index. The Central Library and Documentation Center of the University of Tehran has been a member of the International Federation of Library Associations and institutions (IFLA) since 1967. The library complements the 35 specialized libraries based at different faculties, all with the aim of advancing

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3906-698: The West over the Iran nuclear agreement . After his second term, Rouhani was not appointed to any senior role by Khamenei. Hassan Rouhani was born Hassan Fereydoun on 12 November 1948 in Sorkheh , near Semnan , in a religious Persian family. His father, Haj Asadollah Fereydoun (died 2011), had a spice shop in Sorkheh and his mother lived in Semnan until her death in 2015 with her daughters and sons-in-law. Asadollah Fereydoun

3999-463: The administrative system of the country are the same as before, [but it] has been slightly modified and unfortunately infected by Western doctrine, and a fundamental change must occur. The main threat to the revolution is in the political arena and the Guards cannot remain silent in the face of that." In May 2017, Rouhani was re-elected as president with 23.5 million votes. He was announced the winner on

4092-733: The best diplomats in the Iranian Foreign Ministry, based their efforts on dialogue and confidence building due to political and security conditions. As a first step, they prevented further escalation of accusations against Iran in order to prevent reporting Iran's nuclear case to the United Nations Security Council . Therefore, and for the purpose of confidence building, certain parts of Iran's nuclear activities were voluntarily suspended at several junctures. In addition to building confidence, insisting on Iran's rights, reducing international pressures and

4185-725: The campuses. Amir Abad Campus is where most of the dormitories are located. Aside from physical campuses, University of Tehran also has an online campus program first started in 2003 under a project to provide online degree programs, becoming the first university in Iran to host events in regards to the development of formal national ICT. U.S. News & World Report 2018 Best Global Universities 2022 Best Global Universities: #329 Academic Ranking of World Universities 2019: 301-400 2018: 301-400 2017: 301-400 2016 : 301-400 2015 : 201-300 Times Higher Education 2016–2019 : 601–800 U.S. News & World Report 2017 Best Global Universities Ranking As

4278-490: The case in separate letters. Rouhani married his cousin, Sahebeh Erabi (Rouhani), who is six years younger, when he was around 20 years old and has four children (one son and three daughters). Rouhani's wife changed her last name from "Еrabi" ( Persian : عربی ) to "Rouhani" some time after marriage. Born in 1954, she is not politically active. The Guardian and the Financial Times reported that Rouhani also had

4371-456: The case right before the elections. Mohammad Mehdi Zahedi , head of Iranian Parliament 's Commission on Education and Research, said that he had found major plagiarisms in chapter 4 of Rouhani's thesis and that the case would be investigated in Education and Research Commission . 50 student-run organizations as well as Shiraz University faculty professors asked Ali Akbar Kalantari to prosecute

4464-495: The central western part of the city and the Abureyhan Campus in the suburb of the capital. The main gate of the university with its specific design and modern architecture (at Enghelab Street at the main campus) is the logo of the university. Admission to the university's undergraduate and graduate programs is limited to the top one percent of students who pass the national entrance examination administered yearly by

4557-402: The clergy, many of whom surprisingly do not support conservatives) as well as small towns and villages. Rouhani's electoral landslide victory was widely seen as the result of the Green Movement from the 2009 elections , with crowds chanting pro-reform slogans. Religious Iranians equally celebrated Rouhani's victory, demonstrating what analysts described as a thorough rejection of the policies of

4650-554: The conservative factions. Rouhani saw off a strong challenge from hardline Ebrahim Raisi at the 2017 election , a fellow cleric with radically different politics, who stirred up populist concerns about the sluggish economy, lambasted Rouhani for seeking foreign investment and appealed to religious conservatives. He had gathered momentum as conservatives keen to win back control of the government coalesced behind Raisi's initially lacklustre campaign. His other rivals were Mostafa Mir-Salim and Mostafa Hashemitaba . Rouhani ultimately won

4743-476: The country are the same as before, [but it] has been slightly modified and unfortunately infected by Western doctrine, and a fundamental change must occur. The main threat to the revolution is in the political arena and the Guards cannot remain silent in the face of that." University of Tehran 1899 ( Tehran School of Political Sciences ) The University of Tehran ( Tehran University or UT , Persian : دانشگاه تهران , romanized Dāneshgāh-e Tehran )

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4836-464: The country. Outside Iran he made public speeches to Iranian students studying abroad and joined Khomeini upon arriving in France. Following the 1979 Iranian Revolution , Rouhani, who had been engaged in revolutionary struggles for about two decades, did his best to stabilize the nascent Islamic Republic and as a first step, he started with organizing the disorderly Iranian army and military bases. He

4929-510: The day following the election. He received his presidential precept from his predecessor, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad on 3 August 2013 and entered Sa'dabad Palace in a private ceremony. His work as president officially began on the same day at 17:00 IRDT . He was inaugurated as the seventh president of Iran on 4 August in House of the Parliament . Rouhani announced his cabinet on 4 August. He had

5022-492: The days when a wall could be built around the country. Today there are no more walls." He has also criticized Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting for showing trivial foreign news, while ignoring pressing national matters. Rouhani also appeared to pledge his support for increasing Internet access and other political and social freedoms. In an interview, he said: "We want the people, in their private lives, to be completely free, and in today's world having access to information and

5115-749: The early 1980s, as part of Iran's Cultural Revolution. UT continues to constitute a central part of Iran's student movement. In 1986, the Iranian parliament, known as the Majlis of Iran, stipulated that the university's overcrowded College of Medicine be separated into the independent Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), and that TUMS be placed under the leadership of the new ministry of health and Medical Education. 1. Regional Campuses: 2. Colleges: 3. Faculties Humanities Faculties: Social and Behavioral Sciences Faculties: University of Tehran also co-ordinates several major institutes: The University of Tehran hosts cultural and academic activities on

5208-654: The economy of families and hopes to deflate that in Foresight and Hope Cabinet . Rouhani plans urgent economic priorities such as control of high inflation, increasing purchasing power and cutting down high unemployment. According to a March 2014 report by Center for International Media Assistance , since Rouhani takeover in 2013, "Censorship of the Internet has only gotten worse, but it's more and more clear that Rouhani does not have complete control over this process". Regarding internet censorship, he has stated: "Gone are

5301-540: The election and The Washington Post , in an editorial, predicted that Rouhani "will not be allowed to win". On 15 June 2013, Interior Minister Mostafa Mohammad Najjar announced the results of the election, with a total number of 36,704,156 ballots cast; Rouhani won 18,613,329 votes, while his main rival Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf secured 6,077,292 votes. Rouhani performed well with both the middle class and youth, even garnering majority support in religious cities such as Mashhad and Qom (an important seat of Shia Islam and

5394-636: The election in a landslide, providing a ringing endorsement of his efforts to re-engage with the West and offer greater freedoms. He received 23,636,652 of the votes, in an election that had 73.07% turnout. In his press conference one day after election day, Rouhani reiterated his promise to recalibrate Iran's relations with the world. He promised greater openness and to repair the country's international standing, offering greater nuclear transparency in order to restore international trust. Revolutionary Guards Major General Mohammad Jafari criticised Rouhani's administration. "The military, systems and procedures governing

5487-586: The goal of imposing difficult commitments on Iran. That development was concurrent with the victory of the United States in Iraq war and escalation of war rhetoric in the region. The international community was experiencing unprecedented tensions as a result of which Iran's nuclear advances were considered with high sensitivity. As tensions increased and in view of the existing differences between Iran's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Atomic Energy Organization ,

5580-622: The government of the Mohammad Reza Pahlavi , the Shah (king) of Iran. During those years he was arrested many times and was banned from delivering public speeches. In November 1977, during a public ceremony held at Tehran's Ark Mosque to commemorate the death of Mostafa Khomeini (the elder son of the Ayatollah Khomeini), Rouhani used the title "Imam" for the Ayatollah Khomeini, the then exiled leader of

5673-573: The largest academic library in Iran, the Central Library and Documentation Center of the University of Tehran includes a selection of resources in different fields of science, technology, and literature. The library holdings include over one million books, periodicals, manuscripts, microfilms, pictorial copies, historical documents and photos, lithography books, academic dissertations, scientific documents and maps, over 120,000 books in English, French, German, Russian, Italian, and other languages. Since 1967,

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5766-432: The letter as an invitation to outline a comprehensive scheme for the establishment of a new university. In 1933, during the cabinet meeting, the subject was brought up. Ali Asghar Hekmat , the acting minister of the Ministry of Education stated the following words there: " Of course, there is no doubt on the thriving state and the glory of the capital, but the only obvious deficiency is that this city has no 'university'. It

5859-404: The list of his ministry nominates to the parliament on his inauguration day. He also appointed Mohammad Nahavandian as his chief of staff. The economic policy of Hassan Rouhani focuses on the long-term economic development of Iran. It deals with increasing the purchasing power of the public, economic growth, raising sufficient funds , implementation of the general policies of 44th Principle of

5952-476: The midterm elections for the third term of the Assembly of Experts which was held on 18 February 2000, Rouhani was elected to the Assembly of Experts from Semnan Province . He was elected as Tehran Province 's representative to the Assembly's fourth term in 2006 and is still serving in that capacity. He was the head of the political and social committee of the assembly of experts (from 2001 to 2006), member of

6045-860: The ministry of foreign affairs: Ali Akbar Salehi , Kamal Kharazi , Sadegh Kharazi , Mohammad Javad Zarif and Mahmoud Vaezi but Zarif became Rouhani's final nominee. Although several names were being circulated for the other ministerial posts before the final announcement, the office of president-elect denied these speculations. On 23 July 2013, it was reported that eight members of Rouhani's cabinet had been finalized: Jahangiri as first vice president, Zarif as foreign minister, Rahmani Fazli as interior minister, Tayebnia as finance minister, Dehghan as defense minister, Namdar Zanganeh as petroleum minister, Najafi as education minister, Chitchian as energy minister, Nematzadeh as industries minister, Hassan Hashemi as health minister and Akhondi as transportation minister. This become official after Rouhani presented

6138-471: The nascent Sharq newspaper in November 2003 and was frequently repeated after that by domestic and foreign Persian-speaking media. His career at the council began under President Hashemi Rafsanjani and continued under his successor, President Khatami . Heinonen, former senior IAEA official, said that Rouhani used to boast of how he had used talks with Western powers to "buy time to advance Iran's programme." His term as Iran's top nuclear negotiator, however,

6231-903: The national and international levels. Furthermore, UT hosts delegations and professors from abroad. University of Tehran is appointed as the Center of Excellence (قطب علمی) by Iran's Ministry of Science and Technology in the fields of "Evaluation and improvement of irrigation networks", "Breeding and Biotechnology of trees", "Farming, Grading and Biotechnology", "Applied Electromagnetic Systems", "Land Logistics", "Sustainable Urban Planning and Development", "Architectural Technology", "Biological Control of Pests and Plant Diseases", "Rural Studies and Planning", "High-Performance Materials", "Control and Intelligent Processing", "Sustainable Management of Watershed", "Applied Management of Fast Growing Wood Species", "Surveying and Disaster Management", "Engineering and Infrastructure Management", "Oil and Gas". This appointment

6324-533: The nature of a monogram as well. The motif is placed between two eagle wings. One can also find these motifs in other images of this period, such as in royal crowns, particularly at the end of the Sasanid period. Crowns with these seals have been called "two-feather crowns" in the Shahnameh . The motif between the wings was made by combining Pahlavi scripts. Some scholars have tried to read these images. The script

6417-433: The nominated cabinet members whereas Shargh , another reformist paper, regarded the list both satisfactory and unsatisfactory, claiming that it includes a "non-partisan and moderate government" featuring figures from all political parties. Kayhan , on the other hand, criticized the nomination of oil minister, Bijan Namdar Zanganeh. On 8 August 2013, three international organizations, namely Reporters Without Borders ,

6510-407: The order of Prince Jalal ad-dawlah. The master plan of the campus buildings was drawn up by French architects Roland Dubrulle and Maxime Siroux, Swiss architect Alexandre Moser, as well as Andre Godard, Nicolai Markov and Mohsen Foroughi. The University of Tehran officially inaugurated in 1934. The Amir-abad (North Karegar) campus was added in 1945 after American troops left the property as World War II

6603-487: The possibility of war, and preventing Iran's case from being reported to the UN Security Council, Iran succeeded in completing its nuclear fuel cycle and took groundbreaking steps. However, decisions made by the nuclear team under the leadership of Rouhani were criticized by certain circles in later years. Following the election of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad as president, Rouhani resigned his post as secretary of

6696-447: The presiding board, and head of Tehran office of the secretariat of the assembly (from 2006 to 2008). On 5 March 2013, he was elected as a member of the Assembly's "Commission for investigating ways of protecting and guarding Velayat-e Faqih ". In addition to executive posts, Rouhani kept up his academic activities. From 1995 to 1999, he was a member of the board of trustees of Tehran Universities and North Region. Rouhani has been running

6789-620: The recent reformist President Mohammad Khatami . Academics include Lotfi A. Zadeh the inventor of fuzzy logic, Fields Medal winner Caucher Birkar , Ali Javan who invented the gas laser and is ranked number 12 on the list of the top 100 living geniuses, intellectual and former Prime Minister Mehdi Bazargan and biophysicist Mohammad-Nabi Sarbolouki . Art figures include filmmakers Abbas Kiarostami and Asghar Farhadi , actor Khosrow Shakibai and poet Mohammad-Taqi Bahar . Other notable figures include Human Rights Lawyer Shirin Ebadi who won

6882-482: The research goals of the university. Currently the Central Library and Documentation Center is offering its services to more than 65 thousand members. It hosts more than 5,000 users daily. The library offers its resources under 13 main collections (most of which have been donated by distinguished professors of the university). The manuscript collection of the University of Tehran includes over 17,000 volumes of manuscripts in Persian, Arabic and Turkish. The library also hosts

6975-544: The right of free dialogue, and the right to think freely, is the right of all peoples, including the people of Iran." Government of Hassan Rouhani (2013%E2%80%9317) The President of Iran is the second formal position after the Supreme leader . The president has the authority to introduce members of his cabinet to the Iranian Parliament for confirmation under the Constitution of Iran . Rouhani

7068-415: The run-up to the election, former presidents Mohammad Khatami and Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani , together with reformists supported Rouhani on the presidential race after pro-reform candidate Mohammad Reza Aref dropped out of the presidential race after Khatami advised him to quit in favor of Rouhani. On 10 June, Mehr news agency and Fars news agency , suggested that Rouhani might be disqualified prior to

7161-416: The university's 1999 graduation ceremony. Allegations regarding Rouhani's plagiarism were first raised in 2013 when it was claimed that he had probably "lifted" sentences from a book by Afghan author Mohammad Hashim Kamali . Glasgow Caledonian University , Rouhani's graduation school, argued that the sentences were both cited properly. The issue was raised again amid 2017 Iranian presidential election when

7254-459: Was Rouhani's representative to IRIB in arrangements for presidential debates. Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani , in a memoir dated 15 May 1982, mentions Hossein Fereydoun as the then governor of Karaj . Rafsanjani later briefly mentions Fereydoon in a memoir dated 31 March 1984: "In Karaj, something has happened about Mr. Ferydoon Rouhani." He was born Hassan Fereydoun (or Fereydun , in reference to

7347-588: Was a member of the Expediency Council from 1991 to 2013, and also was a member of the Supreme National Security Council from 1989 to 2021. Rouhani was deputy speaker of the fourth and fifth terms of the Parliament of Iran ( Majlis ) and Secretary of the Supreme National Security Council from 1989 to 2005. In the latter capacity, he was the country's top negotiator with the EU three , UK, France, and Germany, on nuclear technology in Iran , and has also served as

7440-633: Was admitted to the University of Tehran in 1969, and obtained a BA degree in Judicial Law in 1972. In 1973, Rouhani entered military service in the city of Nishapur . Rouhani continued his studies at Glasgow Caledonian University in Scotland, and graduated in 1995 with an MPhil degree in Law with his thesis entitled The Islamic legislative power with reference to the Iranian experience and

7533-566: Was also national security advisor – to President Hashemi and President Khatami – for 13 years from 1989 to 1997 and from 2000 to 2005. In 1991, Rouhani was appointed to the Expediency Council and has kept that post up to the present time. He heads the Political, Defense, and Security Committee of the Expediency Council. After the Iran student protests, July 1999 he, as secretary of Supreme National Security Council, stated in

7626-707: Was awarded the second-grade Fath (Victory) Medal along with a group of commanders of the Iranian Army and the Revolutionary Guards . In another ceremony on the occasion of the liberation of Khoramshahr , he and a group of other officials and military commanders who were involved in the war with Iraq were awarded first-grade Nasr Medal by the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces Ayatollah Khamenei. Rouhani

7719-402: Was begun on 12 August and was ended on 15 August. The voting was held on 15 August and three of the eighteen nominees were not approved by the Majlis, those proposed to head the ministries of education, science, research and technology; and sports and youth. The list of cabinet members received mixed reactions from the Iranian press. Reformist dailies mostly expressed positive statements about

7812-462: Was coming to an end. The university admitted women as students for the first time in 1937. In 1935, the formerly males-only university opened its doors to women as part of the country's sweeping universal education policy. UT played a central role in the overthrow of the Pahlavi government in the 1978-9 revolution. University curricula, staff, and student intake were subject to major revisions in

7905-675: Was elected as President of Iran on 15 June, defeating Tehran mayor Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf and four other candidates; he took office on 3 August 2013. In 2013, Time magazine named him in its list of the 100 Most Influential People in the World . Rouhani is frequently described as a centrist and reformist. In domestic policy, he encourages personal freedom, free access to information, and has improved women's rights by appointing female foreign ministry spokespeople. He has also improved Iran's diplomatic relations with other countries through exchanging conciliatory letters. Rouhani won re-election in

7998-477: Was elected to the Majlis, the Parliament of Iran , in 1980. During five terms in the Majlis and for a total of 20 years (from 1980 to 2000), he served in various capacities including deputy speaker of the Majlis (in 4th and 5th terms), as well as the head of defense committee (1st and 2nd terms), and foreign policy committee (4th and 5th terms). Among responsibilities shouldered by him in the post-revolution era

8091-437: Was forced to lie to my friends each day, telling them that my father isn't part of all of this. Telling them my father loves this nation, whereas I believe this to be untrue. It makes me sick seeing you, my father, kiss the hand of Khamenei." Rouhani has three sisters and a brother. Rouhani's brother, Hossein Fereydoun , is also a diplomat and politician, a former governor, ambassador, and former Vice Minister of Intelligence. He

8184-399: Was leadership of the supervisory council of the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) from 1980 to 1983. In July 1983, while Rouhani was heading the council, the council members and Rouhani had conflicts with Mohammad Hashemi Rafsanjani the then head of IRIB, which led to the temporary replacement of Hashemi by first Rouhani and then immediately Mohammad Javad Larijani . The conflict

8277-569: Was limited to 678 days (from 6 October 2003 to 15 August 2005). That period began with international revelations about Iran's nuclear energy program and adoption of a strongly worded resolution by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). In June 2004, the board of governors of the IAEA issued a statement which was followed by a resolution in September of the same year, which focused on Iran's nuclear case with

8370-611: Was not created, poverty would be distributed . National wealth creation causes an increase in real income per capita and equitable distribution of wealth. His plan is targeted to increase direct and indirect assistance to low-income groups. Rouhani is urgently going to regenerate the Management and Planning Organization of Iran . His economic policies also comprise optimal distribution of subsidies , control of liquidity and inflation, speeding economic growth and reducing import. He believes that inflation results in damaging effects on

8463-489: Was offered and turned down the post of Minister of Intelligence of Iran in 1989. After the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran was amended and the Supreme National Security Council (SNSC) came into being up to the present time, he has been representative of the Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Khamenei , at the council. Rouhani was the first secretary of the SNSC and kept the post for 16 years from 1989 to 2005. He

8556-699: Was resolved by the Ayatollah Khomeini intervening and insisting on Rafsanjani staying as the head of IRIB. During the Iran–Iraq War , Rouhani was a member of the Supreme Defense Council (1982–1988), member of the High Council for Supporting War and headed its executive committee (1986–1988), deputy commander of the war (1983–1985), commander of the Khatam-ol-Anbiya Operation Center (1985–1988), and commander of

8649-471: Was there and 20 years later in July 1999 that, albeit, a much smaller number of dissident students confronted the police. University of Tehran (UT) has always been a bastion of political movement and ideology. Since the 1979 Islamic Revolution, the main campus of the university and its surrounding streets have been the site for Tehran's Friday prayers . The political and social role of the University of Tehran in

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