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45-675: Prior to the American Revolution, Rowan County had a militia regiment, like all colonial NC counties, as part of the Province of North Carolina . The Rowan County militia was used to defend the settlers during the Anglo-Cherokee War of 1758 to 1761 when the Cherokee Indians were devastating the outlying settlements. When Governor Arthur Dobbs sent a 50-man company of North Carolina Provincial Soldiers to

90-597: A single representative in the North Carolina House of Burgesses in 1775 . Campbellton and the town of Cross Creek (established in 1765) were combined in 1783 to form the town of Fayetteville. There were two primary branches of government, the governor and his council and the assembly, called the House of Burgesses. All provincial officials were appointed by either the lords proprietor prior to 1728 or The King afterwards. The King received advice for appointment of

135-555: A type of colony in English America which existed during the early modern period . In English overseas possessions established from the 17th century onwards, all land in the colonies belonged to the Crown , which held ultimate authority over their management. All English colonies were divided by the Crown via royal charters into one of three types of colony; proprietary colonies, charter colonies and Crown colonies . Under

180-630: The 2nd Rowan County Regiment . The 1st Rowan County Regiment retained most of the original members of the original Rowan County Regiment. When the Salisbury District Brigade was created on May 4, 1776, the Rowan County Regiment was included in this brigade and Col Rutherford assumed command of the brigade. On May 9, 1777, the 2nd Rowan County Regiment was renamed as the Burke County Regiment , and

225-799: The Proclamation of 1763 in order to stifle potential conflict with Indians in that region, including the Overhill Cherokee . This barred any settlement near the headwaters of any rivers or streams that flowed westward towards the Mississippi River . It included several North Carolina rivers, such as the French Broad and Watauga . This proclamation was not strictly obeyed and was widely detested in North Carolina, but it somewhat delayed migration westward until after

270-645: The thirteen American colonies . The monarch of Great Britain was represented by the Governor of North Carolina , until the colonies declared independence on July 4, 1776 . "Carolina" is taken from the Latin word for " Charles " ( Carolus ), honoring King Charles II , and was first named in the 1663 Royal Charter granting to Edward, Earl of Clarendon ; George, Duke of Albemarle ; William, Lord Craven ; John, Lord Berkeley ; Anthony, Lord Ashley ; Sir George Carteret , Sir William Berkeley , and Sir John Colleton

315-615: The "deluded people of this Province" would see their error and return to their allegiance to the King. The Court Act of 1746 established a supreme court, initially known as the General Court, which sat twice a year at Newbern, consisting of a Chief Justice and three Associate Justices. The 14 chief justices of the Supreme Court appointed by the King included the following: Proprietary colony Proprietary colonies were

360-414: The 1st Rowan County Regiment reverted to its original name—the Rowan County Regiment. On May 1, 1782, this regiment was once again split into two separate and distinct regiments—the 1st Rowan County Regiment and the 2nd Rowan County Regiment. These two separate regiments continued until the end of the war (September 3, 1783). The following listings show the known commanders, officers, staff, and soldiers of

405-477: The Crown. By the 18th century, most former proprietary colonies had been converted into Crown colonies. Proprietary colonies in America were governed by a lord proprietor , who, holding authority by virtue of a royal charter, usually exercised that authority almost as an independent sovereign. These colonies were distinct from Crown colonies in that they were commercial enterprises established under authority of

450-667: The King were: The last provincial council included the following members: Governor Martin issued a proclamation on April 8, 1775, dissolving the General Assembly after they presented a resolve endorsing the Continental Congress that was to be held in Philadelphia . The provincial council met for the last time onboard HMS Cruizer in the Cape Fear River on July 18, 1775, they believed that

495-546: The Mississippi. Toward the end of this period, the boundaries were more well defined and extended to include the Cherokee lands in the west. Two important maps of the province were produced: one by Edward Moseley in 1733, and another by John Collet in 1770. Moseley was surveyor general of North Carolina in 1710 and from 1723 to 1733. He was also the first provincial treasurer of North Carolina, starting in 1715. Moseley

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540-648: The NC frontier in the summer of 1755, its commander, Captain Hugh Waddell , was placed in overall command of the Rowan and Anson County Regiments.–. When the construction of Fort Dobbs (North Carolina) was ordered by Governor Dobbs, he also ordered the Anson and Rowan County Militia Regiments to each create a 50-man militia company, which could be called on in there was an alarm. Both were to rendezvous at Fort Dobbs to support

585-608: The Province of North Carolina between 1729 and 1775. Major towns during this period included: Bath (chartered in 1705), Brunswick (founded after 1726, destroyed during the Revolution), Campbellton (established in 1762), Edenton (chartered in 1712), Halifax (chartered in 1757), Hillsborough (1754), Newbern (settled in 1710, chartered in 1723), Salisbury (chartered in 1753), and Wilmington (founded in 1732, chartered in 1739 or 1740). Each of these nine major towns had

630-622: The Provincials there. From mid-May to mid-June 1767, Waddell commanded Rowan and Mecklenburg militia detachments accompanying Governor Tryon to establish a boundary between North Carolina and the Cherokee. In 1768, the regiment was commanded by Colonel Alexander Osborne. Colonel Osborne marched with the Rowan County regiment to assist Governor William Tryon in suppressing the Regulator Movement at Hillsborough in 1768 on

675-530: The Revolution. Settlers continued to flow westwards in smaller numbers, despite the prohibition, and several trans-Appalachian settlements were formed. Most prominent was the Watauga Association , formed in 1772 as an independent territory within the bounds of North Carolina which adopted its own written constitution . Notable frontiersmen such as Daniel Boone traveled back and forth across

720-480: The Rowan County Committee of Safety. The North Carolina Provincial Congress authorized the Rowan County Regiment to be organized as one of the 35 existing county militias on September 9, 1775. Colonel Griffith Rutherford became its first commander. Shortly after being authorized, the regiment was split on October 22, 1775, into two separate and distinct regiments—the 1st Rowan County Regiment and

765-508: The Rowan County Regiment. Col Rutherford left the Rowan County Regiment when he was promoted to brigadier general in charge of the 1st Salisbury District Minutemen and later the Salisbury District Brigade. Commandants and colonels: The regiment consisted of 160 known companies headed by captains. Company officers included lieutenants, ensigns, sergeants, corporals, and privates/drummers/fifers. The following are

810-570: The Yadkin River above Salisbury. (The Rowan County Scots-Irish did not join the Regulator Movement.) Colonel Osborn (1706–1776) was the father of Adlai Osborne , who would later command the 2nd Rowan County Regiment during the American Revolution. As a lead up to the American Revolution, the Rowan County Regiment was established on about August 1, 1775 under patriot command. Most of the regimental leadership were participants in

855-531: The continent's mainland. After the conflict, thirteen of those became states of the United States of America. By the time of the Revolution some had consolidated multiple grants, while others, such as conflicting claims to what became the state of Vermont and the western borders of numerous states, including New York and Virginia, as well as the sovereignty of what became the state of Maine in 1820, remained unresolved well after. In medieval times, it

900-549: The crown to become royal colonies , or else had significant limitations placed on them by the crown. The provinces of Maryland , Carolina and several other colonies in the Americas were initially established under the proprietary system. King Charles II used the proprietary solution to reward allies and focus his own attention on Britain itself. He offered his friends colonial charters which facilitated private investment and colonial self-government. The charters made

945-460: The crown. Proprietary governors had legal responsibilities over the colony as well as responsibilities to shareholders to ensure the security of their investments. The proprietary system was a mostly inefficient system, in that the proprietors were, for the most part, like absentee landlords . Many never even visited the colonies they owned. By the early 18th century, nearly all of the proprietary colonies had either surrendered their charters to

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990-713: The eighteenth century from the provincial seats of power on the coast, particularly after the conclusion of the Tuscarora and Yamasee wars, in which the largest barrier was removed to provincial settlement farther inland. Settlement in large numbers became more feasible over the Appalachian Mountains after the French and Indian War and the accompanying Anglo-Cherokee War , in which the Cherokee and Catawba were effectively neutralized. King George III issued

1035-511: The emergence of private clubs meeting in the taverns showed that genteel culture was spreading from London to the periphery of the English world. The courthouse was usually the most imposing building in a county. Jails were often an important part of the courthouse but were sometimes built separately. Some county governments built tobacco warehouses to provide a common service for their most important export crop. Expansion westward began early in

1080-400: The five ports in North Carolina, and a council. The Council advised the governor and also served as the upper house of the legislature. Members of the lower house of the legislature, the House of Burgesses, were elected from precincts (counties after 1736) and from districts (also called boroughs or towns, which were large centers of population). The eight provincial governors appointed by

1125-691: The government retained their usual right to separate head and body, figuratively or literally, at any time. (See also the hereditary title marquess .) In 1603, Henry IV , the King of France , granted Pierre Du Gua de Monts the exclusive right to colonize lands in North America at a latitude between 40° and 60° North. The King also gave Dugua a monopoly in the fur trade for those territories and named him Lieutenant General for Acadia and New France . In return, Dugua promised to bring 60 new colonists each year to what would be called Acadie . In 1607,

1170-669: The governor from the Secretary of State for the Southern Department . The governor was accountable to the Secretary of State and the Board of Trade . The governor was also responsible for commissioning officers and provisioning the provincial militia. Besides the governor, other provincial officials included a secretary, attorney general, surveyor general, the receiver general, Chief Justice, five Customs Collectors for each of

1215-439: The gradual sociopolitical stabilisation of England's American colonies, the easing of bureaucratic difficulties in managing the colonies and increasing economic or administrative difficulties faced by proprietors. Successive English sovereigns sought to solidify their power and authority throughout the empire, and gradually converted proprietary colonies to Crown colonies , which were administered by officials directly appointed by

1260-648: The invisible proclamation line as market hunters, seeking valuable pelts to sell in eastern settlements, and many served as leaders and guides for groups who settled in the Tennessee River valley and the Kentucke County . The oldest counties were Albemarle County (1664–1689) and Bath County (1696–1739). During the period of 1668 to 1774, 32 counties were created. As western counties, such as Anson and Rowan Counties were created, their western borders were not well defined and extended west as far as

1305-554: The known notable captains and subordinates: The Rowan County Regiment was involved in 31 known engagements during the American Revolution from 1775 to 1782. They fought in Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. The battle of Torrence's Tavern was the only battle fought in what became Iredell County, North Carolina in 1788, where many of the regiment's soldiers resided after the war. Companies were headed by captains. Not every company took part in every engagement. The regiment

1350-423: The land in return for their financial and political assistance in restoring him to the throne in 1660. The granted lands included all or part of the present-day U.S. states of North Carolina, Tennessee, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida. The northern half of the Province of Carolina differed significantly from the southern half, and transportation and communication were difficult between

1395-578: The mail between Wilmington, North Carolina and Suffolk, Virginia . By the late eighteenth century, the tide of immigration to North Carolina from Virginia and the Province of Pennsylvania began to swell. The Scots-Irish ( Ulster Protestants ) from present-day Northern Ireland were the largest immigrant group from the British Isles to the colonies before the American Revolution . Indentured servants , who arrived mostly in

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1440-557: The monopoly was revoked, and the colony failed, but in 1608, he sponsored Samuel de Champlain to open a colony at Quebec. The Îles Glorieuses ( Glorioso Islands ) were on 2 March 1880 settled and named by the Frenchman Hippolyte Caltaux (b. 1847–d. 1907), who was their proprietor from until 1891. It was only on 23 August 1892 that they were claimed for the French Third Republic , as part of

1485-425: The proprietary system, individuals or companies (often joint-stock companies ), known as proprietors, were granted commercial charters by the Crown to establish overseas colonies. These proprietors were thus granted the authority to select the governors and other officials in the colony. This type of indirect rule eventually fell out of favour in the English colonial empire due to a variety of reasons, including

1530-420: The proprietor the effective ruler, albeit one ultimately responsible to English Law and the King. Charles II gave the former Dutch colony New Netherlands to his younger brother The Duke of York, who established the Province of New York . He gave an area to William Penn who established the Province of Pennsylvania . The British America colonies before the American Revolution consisted of 20 colonies on

1575-791: The province was retained by members of the Carteret family until 1776, part of the Province of North Carolina known as the Granville District . In 1755 Benjamin Franklin , the Postmaster-General for the American colonies, appointed James Davis as the first postmaster of North Carolina colony at New Bern . In October of that year the North Carolina Assembly awarded Davis the contract to carry

1620-406: The province was rural and thinly populated. Local taverns provided multiple services ranging from strong drink and beds for travelers to meeting rooms for politicians and businessmen. In a world sharply divided along lines of ethnicity, gender, race, and class, the tavern keepers' rum proved a solvent that mixed together all sorts of locals and travelers. The increasing variety of drinks on offer and

1665-681: The right to settle lands in the present-day U.S. states of North Carolina, Tennessee, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida. King Charles II granted the Charter of Carolina in 1663 for land south of the British Colony of Virginia and north of Spanish Florida . He granted the land to eight lords proprietor , namely Edward, Earl of Clarendon ; George, Duke of Albemarle ; William, Lord Craven ; John, Lord Berkeley ; Anthony, Lord Ashley ; Sir George Carteret ; Sir William Berkeley ; and Sir John Colleton . Charles granted

1710-416: The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, comprised the majority of English settlers prior to the Revolution. On the eve of the Revolution, North Carolina was the fastest-growing British colony in North America. Differences in the settlement patterns of eastern and western North Carolina , or the low country and uplands, affected the political, economic, and social life of the state from the eighteenth until

1755-428: The so-called cohee —poor, non-Anglican, independent farmers. During the Revolution, the English and Highland Scots of eastern North Carolina tended to remain loyal to the King because of longstanding business and personal connections with Great Britain. The English, Welsh , Scots-Irish, and German settlers of western North Carolina tended to favor American independence. With no cities and very few towns or villages,

1800-568: The twentieth century. The small family farms of the Piedmont contrasted sharply with the plantation economy of the coastal region, where wealthy planters grew tobacco and rice with slave labor . The Tidewater in eastern North Carolina was settled chiefly by immigrants from rural England and the Scottish Highlands . The upcountry of western North Carolina was settled chiefly by Scots-Irish, English and German Protestants , and

1845-477: The two regions, so a separate deputy governor was appointed to administer the northern region in 1691. The partition of Carolina into the Province of North Carolina and the Province of South Carolina was completed at a meeting of the lords proprietor held at Craven House in London on December 7, 1710, although the same proprietors continued to control both colonies. The first provincial governor of North Carolina

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1890-546: Was Edward Hyde . Unrest against the proprietors in South Carolina in 1719 led King George I to directly appoint a governor in that province, whereas the lords proprietor continued to appoint the governor of North Carolina. Both Carolinas became royal colonies in 1729, after the British government had tried for nearly 10 years to locate and buy out seven of the eight lords proprietor. The remaining one-eighth share of

1935-486: Was also responsible for manning a shoe factory near what is now Statesville, North Carolina . The known engagements included: Province of North Carolina The Province of North Carolina , originally known as Albemarle Province , was a proprietary colony and later royal colony of Great Britain that existed in North America from 1712 to 1776. It was one of the five Southern colonies and one of

1980-815: Was customary in Continental Europe for a sovereign to grant almost regal powers of government to the feudal lords of his border districts to prevent foreign invasion. Those districts or manors were often called palatinates or counties palatine because the lord wielded the power of the king in his palace. His power was regal in kind but inferior in degree to that of the king. That type of arrangement had caused many problems in Norman times for certain English border counties. Those territories were known as counties palatine and lasted at least in part to 1830 for good reason: remoteness, poor communications, governance carried out under difficult circumstances. The monarch and

2025-538: Was responsible, with William Byrd , for surveying the boundary between North Carolina and Virginia in 1728. Other maps exist dating to the early period of the Age of Discovery that depict the coastline of the province along with that of South Carolina. The ports for which there were Customs Agents in the Province of North Carolina included: Bath , Roanoke , Currituck Precinct , Brunswick (Cape Fear), and Beaufort (Topsail Inlet). There were 52 new towns established in

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