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52-860: On July 16, 1858, Smith was born in Fort Mason, Texas. Smith's father was Charles Henry Smith, an assistant surgeon general of the United States and later of the Confederate States of America. Smith's mother was Maria McGregor Campbell Smith. In 1878, Smith graduated from the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland . Smith was the commanding officer of the USS ; Arkansas  (BB-33) from 17 September 1912 to 13 October 1914. In 1916, Smith became

104-425: A Japanese citizen, graduated from the academy. And then in 1879, Robert F. Lopez was the first Hispanic-American to graduate from the academy. John H. Conyers of South Carolina was the first African-American admitted on 21 September 1872. After his arrival, he was subject to severe, ongoing hazing, including verbal torment, and beatings. His classmates even attempted to drown him. Three cadets were dismissed as

156-505: A building with a rubber-reinforced roof containing three hangars (one for each of the newly purchased airplanes), a workshop, an office, and several bunk rooms. All three airplanes cost a total of $ 14,000. Over 100 officers applied for aviation duty prior to August 1911. Swimming was among a set of other qualifications that a pilot candidate must have passed before being accepted to aviation duty. Pilot qualifications were in accordance with Federation Aeronautique Internationale (FAI) standards. In

208-480: A considerable interest in naval education, supporting an apprentice system to train new seamen, and helped establish the curriculum for the United States Naval Academy. He was also a vocal proponent of modernization of the navy. Originally a course of study for five years was prescribed. Only the first and last were spent at the school with the other three being passed at sea. The present name

260-603: A lawyer. On May 21, 1929, Smith's wife Margaret Smith died in Newport, Rhode Island . She is interred at Lakewood Cemetery in Cooperstown, New York . On April 10, 1940, Smith died in Summerville, South Carolina. United States Naval Academy The United States Naval Academy ( USNA , Navy , or Annapolis ) is a federal service academy in Annapolis, Maryland . It was established on 10 October 1845 during

312-595: A result, but the abuse, including shunning , continued in more subtle forms and Conyers finally resigned in October 1873. In 1874, the curriculum was altered to study naval topics in the final two years at the academy. In 1878, the academy was awarded a gold medal for academics at the Universal Exposition in Paris. In the late 19th century, Congress required the academy to teach a formal course in hygiene,

364-696: A series of captured Union ships that culminated in seizing the US Revenue Cutter Caleb Cushing in Portland, Maine. Lieutenant James Iredell Waddell , CSN, a former instructor at the US Naval Academy, commanded the CSS Shenandoah . The midshipmen and faculty returned to Annapolis in the summer of 1865, just after the war ended. Civil War hero Admiral David Dixon Porter became superintendent in 1865. He found

416-526: A single wooden building containing 100 rooms, one company to a floor. They held dress parades every evening except Sunday. Students were termed "cadets", though sometimes "cadet midshipmen"; other appellations were used. Porter began organized athletics, usually intramural at the time. Antoine Joseph Corbesier , an immigrant from Belgium, was appointed to the position of Assistant Swordmaster in 1864, and then Swordmaster at USNA in October 1865. He coached Navy fencers in intercollegiate competition from 1896, when

468-595: A student could qualify as a new pilot in about a month, weather permitting. All students wore life preservers. The control wheel of the Curtiss machines featured a "shift control" where the controls could be "thrown" between the student and instructor at any time. The Wright machine was delivered to Greenbury by August 1911, but was not yet configured with water gear. Navy flight training moved to NAS Pensacola , Florida, in January 1914. In 1912, Reina Mercedes , sunk at

520-532: Is our own, and that assistance received from any source is authorized and properly documented. They do not cheat. They respect the property of others and ensure that others are able to benefit from the use of their own property. They do not steal. The principles of the Honor Concept are as old as the Academy itself, revolving around the principle that an officer's word is his bond. However, examination of

572-562: The Battle of Santiago de Cuba , was raised and used as the "brig" ship for the academy. By 1912, the midshipmen were organized into a brigade , its current structure. The prior organization was named a regiment . In 1914, the Midshipmen Drum and Bugle corps was formed and by 1922 it went defunct. They were revived in 1926. The brigade and faculty tripled during WWI. The 3rd and 4th wings of Bancroft Hall were built. In 1918,

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624-664: The Naval Governor of Guam , until 1918. Smith retired as a U.S. Navy Captain. On October 11, 1887, in Annapolis, Maryland, Smith married Margaret Aldrich Sampson , daughter of Rear admiral William Thomas Sampson . They had three children, Roy, Marjorie, and William. Smith's daughter Marjorie Sampson Smith became a sponsor of USS Sampson (DD-63) on March 4, 1916. It was named for Rear admiral William Thomas Sampson , Smith's father-in-law. In 1918, Smith's daughter Marjorie Sampson Smith married Spotswood Dandridge Bowers,

676-722: The Naval War College separately. The Naval Academy Preparatory School (NAPS) in Newport, Rhode Island, is the official preparatory school for the Naval Academy. The first nautical school for officers was conceived by Commodore Arthur Sinclair in 1819 while in command of the Norfolk Navy Yard. Due to his zeal and perseverance, the "Nautical School" was opened on board the frigate Guerriere on 3 December 1821 with between 40 and 50 midshipmen attached to

728-688: The Severn River and Chesapeake Bay in Anne Arundel County , 33 miles (53 km) east of Washington, D.C., and 26 miles (42 km) southeast of Baltimore . The entire campus, known colloquially as the Yard, is a National Historic Landmark and home to many historic sites, buildings, and monuments. It replaced Philadelphia Naval Asylum in Philadelphia that had served as the first United States Naval Academy from 1838 to 1845 when

780-646: The Tripoli Monument was moved to the academy grounds. Later that year in August, the model of the USS Somers experiment was resurrected when USS  Constitution , then 60 years old, was recommissioned as a school ship for the fourth-class midshipmen after a conversion and refitting begun in 1857. She was anchored at the yard, and the plebes lived on board the ship to immediately introduce them to shipboard life and experiences. The American Civil War

832-607: The USS  Constitution in April 1861, where the academy was set up in temporary facilities and opened in May. The Annapolis campus, meanwhile, was turned into a United States Army Hospital. The United States Navy was stressed by the situation – 24% of its officers resigned to join the Confederate States Navy , including 95 graduates and 59 midshipmen, along with many key leaders who influenced USNA's founding. As

884-608: The United States Naval Academy's Honor Program. Similar to the Cadet Honor Codes of the United States Military Academy and United States Air Force Academy , the Concept formalizes the requirement for midshipmen to demonstrate integrity while refusing to lie, cheat or steal. The Treatise adopts the use of first-person point of view, becoming a personal call to obey the letter and spirit of

936-473: The great flu pandemic of 1918 infected about half the brigade (1,000 out of 2,000 men); ten midshipmen died. With the advent of the automobile and improved roads, the academy became a tourist attraction. At the 1920 summer Olympics men's 8+ rowing competition in Brussels, the Naval Academy rowing men's 8+ (The Wonder Crew) won the gold medal. US collegiate boats won the gold medal in the 8+ competition at

988-594: The Ancient Roman word plebeian ) enter the academy each summer for the rigorous Plebe Summer . About 1,000 midshipmen graduate and commission. Graduates are commissioned as either ensigns in the Navy or second lieutenants in the Marine Corps, but a small number can also be cross-commissioned as officers in other U.S. services, and the services of allied nations. The United States Naval Academy has some of

1040-401: The Concept amongst midshipmen of the brigade. The United States Coast Guard Academy and United States Merchant Marine Academy utilize a similar Honor Concept to impart the same call to integrity for its corps of cadets. Unlike the other service academies' honor codes, the Honor Concept allows a midshipman to confront someone committing an honor violation without formally reporting it. At

1092-709: The Confederate States Navy. Lieutenant William Harwar Parker , CSN, class of 1848, and instructor at USNA, joined the Virginia State Navy , and then went on to become the superintendent of the Confederate States Naval Academy . Lieutenant Charles "Savez" Read may have been "anchor man" (graduated last) in the class of 1860, but his later service to the Confederate States Navy included defending New Orleans, service on CSS Arkansas and CSS Florida , and command of

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1144-536: The Naval Academy curriculum on 30 October 1930. In 1930, the class of 1891 presented a bronze replica of the figurehead of Tamanend to replace the deteriorating wooden figurehead that had been prominently displayed on campus. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed into law an act of Congress (Public Law 73–21, 48 Stat. 73) on 25 May 1933 providing for the Bachelor of Science degree for Naval, Military, and Coast Guard Academies. Four years later, Congress authorized

1196-419: The Naval Academy formed in Annapolis. Candidates for admission generally must apply directly to the academy and apply separately for a nomination, usually from a member of Congress . Students are officers-in-training with the rank of midshipman . Tuition for midshipmen is fully funded by the Navy in exchange for an active duty service obligation upon graduation. Approximately 1,200 "plebes" (an abbreviation of

1248-519: The Naval Academy joined the Intercollegiate Fencing Association, until 1914, when he retired. By special act of Congress, he was commissioned a 1st lieutenant in the Marine Corps on 4 March 1914. He died on 26 March 1915 and is buried on Hospital Point. In 1867, indoor plumbing and water was supplied to the family quarters. In 1868, the figurehead of Tamanend from USS  Delaware (later nicknamed " Tecumseh ")

1300-701: The Navy George Bancroft and Captain David Forman. The campus was established at Annapolis on the grounds of the former U.S. Army post Fort Severn . The school opened with 50 midshipman students and seven professors. The decision to establish an academy on land may have been in part a result of the Somers Affair, an alleged mutiny involving the Secretary of War's son that resulted in his execution at sea. Commodore Matthew Perry had

1352-540: The Navy Forrestal to implement the academic changes suggested by the Holloway Board, which had recommended that the Naval Academy curriculum move away from rote recitation and continuous crams "to give a stronger emphasis to basic and general education, rendering more fundamental and less detailed instruction in strictly naval material and techniques." An accelerated course was given to midshipmen during

1404-535: The Navy officers on flight duty at Hammondsport , New York, and Dayton , Ohio, were ordered to report for duty at the Engineering Experiment Station, Naval Academy, "in connection with the test of gasoline motors and other experimental work in the development of aviation, including instruction at the aviation school" being set up on Greenbury Point, Annapolis. The "aerodrome" at Greenbury Point sat on 1000 square feet of land and consisted of

1456-603: The Severn River Naval Command from 1941 to 1962. A total of 3,319 graduates were commissioned during World War II. Dr. Chris Lambertsen held the first closed-circuit oxygen SCUBA course in the United States for the Office of Strategic Services maritime unit at the academy on 17 May 1943. In 1945, A Department of Aviation was established. That year a vice admiral, Aubrey W. Fitch , became superintendent. The naval academy celebrated its centennial. During

1508-528: The century of its existence, roughly 18,563 midshipmen had graduated, including the class of 1946. The academy was accredited in 1947 by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education . On January 15, 1947, James L. Holloway became the 35th superintendent of the United States Naval Academy , succeeding Vice Admiral Aubrey W. Fitch . At 48, Holloway was the youngest superintendent in fifty years, having been handpicked by Secretary of

1560-525: The class of 1908. The academy built a modern hospital in 1907, the fourth in sequence, on what is today called "Hospital Point." In 1910, the academy established its own dairy farm. In 1913, the Navy purchased the Howard's Adventure estate in nearby Gambrills, Maryland to expand their dairy operations. The farm is also home to Bill the Goat . The Naval Academy dairy was closed in 1998. On 23 August 1911,

1612-662: The first superintendent of the United States Naval Observatory , Commander Matthew Fontaine Maury , who advocated for creating the United States Naval Academy, also resigned his commission. The first superintendent, Admiral Franklin Buchanan , joined the Confederate States Navy as its first and primary admiral. Captain Sidney Smith Lee , the second commandant of midshipmen, and older brother of Robert E. Lee, left Federal service in 1861 for

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1664-504: The highest-paid graduates in the country according to starting salary. The academic program grants a Bachelor of Science degree with a curriculum that grades midshipmen's performance upon a broad academic program, military leadership performance, and mandatory participation in competitive athletics. Midshipmen are required to adhere to the academy's Honor Concept . The Navy operates the Naval Postgraduate School and

1716-478: The infrastructure at Annapolis a shambles, the result of ill military use during the War. Porter attempted to restore the facilities. He concentrated on recruiting naval officers as opposed to civilians, a change of philosophy. He recruited teachers Stephen B. Luce, future admirals Winfield Scott Schley , George Dewey , and William T. Sampson . The midshipman battalion consisted of four companies . These were bunked in

1768-558: The modern era since 1941. The academy's Latin motto is Ex Scientia Tridens , which means 'Through Knowledge, Sea Power'. It appears on a design devised by naval academy graduate (1867) Park Benjamin, Jr. It was adopted by the Navy Department in 1898 due to the efforts of another graduate (also 1867) and collaborator, Jacob W. Miller. The institution was founded as the Naval School on 10 October 1845 by Secretary of

1820-550: The next seven Olympics – a standing record as of 2019 for consecutive gold medal wins by any nation in a particular sport. The Naval Academy football team played the University of Washington in the Rose Bowl tying 14–14. In 1925, the second-class ring dance was started. In 1925, the Midshipmen Drum and Bugle Corps was formally reestablished. In 1926, " Navy Blue and Gold ", composed by organist and choirmaster J. W. Crosley,

1872-437: The only course required by Congress of any military academy. In 1890, Navy adopted the goat mascot after winning its first football game with Army. The Spanish–American War of 1898 greatly increased the academy's importance and the campus was almost wholly rebuilt and much enlarged between 1899 and 1906. The ground on which most of the academy sat was dredged from the surrounding bodies of water and consisted of silt. This

1924-473: The other academies, failure to formally report an honor violation is construed as tolerating it, which is itself a violation of the code. Penalties for violating the Honor Concept can be severe, up to and including expulsion from the Academy. Midshipmen are persons of integrity: They stand for that which is right. They tell the truth and ensure the truth is known. They do not lie. They embrace fairness in all actions. They ensure that work submitted as our own

1976-493: The past academy honor practices by 1953 USNA class president Ross Perot discovered "no uniform policy for dealing with midshipmen who had violated their class's conception of honor." While admitting to irreverence as an "inescapable trait of midshipmen," brigade leaders like Perot, William P. Lawrence and James Sagerholm worked with Brigade Captain Charles Dobony and academy superintendent Harry W. Hill to create

2028-466: The presence of a committee of the Aero Club of America, a pilot candidate had to fly five figure eights around two flags buoyed 1500 feet apart then land within 150 feet of an established mark. This course had to be completed twice. The test also required the prospective aviator to climb to a minimum altitude of 150 ft (officially 50 meters). It was estimated by CAPT Washington Irving Chambers that

2080-564: The school's lacrosse team to play a visiting team from Harvard University because the Harvard team included an African-American player. Harvard's athletic director ordered the player home and the game was played on 4 April, as scheduled, which Navy won 12–0. Georgia Tech President and Colonel Dr. Blake R Van Leer would later be appointed by President Harry S. Truman to the Visitor Board and assist with its curriculum. Dr. Van Leer

2132-442: The selection of the color company and "color girl." In the 1870s, cuts in the military budget resulted in graduating much smaller classes. In 1872, 25 graduated. Eight of these made the Navy a career. The third class physically hazed the fourth class so ruthlessly that Congress passed an anti-hazing law in 1874. Hazing continued in more stealthy forms. Many firsts for minorities occurred during this period. In 1877, Kiro Kunitomo,

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2184-561: The ship. The curriculum was diversified with naval tactics, astronomy, geography, French, history, English grammar, and international relations. The school operated until 1828, when USS Guerriere was ordered to duty in the Pacific. It was from that small start that the U.S. Naval Academy at Annapolis grew. The history of the academy can be divided into four eras: the use of original Fort Severn from 1845 to 1861, "Porter's Academy" between 1865 and 1903, " Flagg Academy" from 1903 to 1941, and

2236-436: The superintendent to award a Bachelor of Science degree to all living graduates. Reserve officer training was re-established in anticipation of World War II in 1941. In 1939, the first Yard patrol boat arrived. In 1940, the academy stopped using Reina Mercedes as a brig for disciplining midshipmen, and restricted them to Bancroft Hall, instead. In April 1941, superintendent Rear Admiral Russell Willson refused to allow

2288-550: The tenure of George Bancroft as Secretary of the Navy . The Naval Academy is the second oldest of the five U.S. service academies and it educates midshipmen for service in the officer corps of the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps . It is part of the Naval University System . The 338-acre (137 ha) campus is located on the former grounds of Fort Severn at the confluence of

2340-426: The three consecutive years at sea. The first class of naval academy students graduated on 10 June 1854. They were considered as passed midshipmen until 1912, when graduates were first sworn in as officers. In 1850, Edward Seager joined the faculty as the first instructor of drawing, and he also served as the first fencing instructor. He held the position of teacher of the art of defence from 1851 to 1859. In 1860,

2392-535: The war years which affected classes entering during the war and graduating later. The students studied year around. This affected the class of 1948 most of all. For the only time, a class was divided by academic standing. 1948A graduated in June 1947; the remainder, called 1948B, a year later. From 1946 to 1961, N3N amphibious biplanes were used at the academy to introduce midshipmen to flying. Honor Concept The Honor Concept and Honor Treatise are parts of

2444-489: Was adopted when the school was reorganized in 1850 and placed under the supervision of the chief of the Bureau of Ordnance and Hydrography. Under the immediate charge of the superintendent, the course of study was extended to seven years with the first two and the last two to be spent at the school and the intervening three years at sea. The four years of study were made consecutive in 1851 and practice cruises were substituted for

2496-549: Was already a member to The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization who had a focus to work against racism through influential statements on race starting with a declaration of anthropologists. In 1941, the 5th and 6th wings of Bancroft Hall were completed. Landfill was made outboard of the hospital to create a sports field. Fill was made on the north side of the Severn to create an area for seaplanes. The academy and its support facilities became part of

2548-504: Was disruptive to the Naval Academy. Southern sympathy ran high in Maryland. Although riots broke out, Maryland did not declare secession. The United States government was planning to move the school, when the sudden outbreak of hostilities forced a quick departure. Almost immediately the three upper classes were detached and ordered to sea, and the remaining elements of the academy were transported to Fort Adams in Newport, Rhode Island by

2600-407: Was erected in the yard. Class rings were first issued in 1869. Weekly dances were held. Wags called the school "Porter's Dancing Academy." President U.S. Grant distributed diplomas to the class of 1869. Porter ensured continued room for expansion by overseeing the purchase of 113 acres (46 ha) across College Creek, later known as Hospital Point. In 1871, the color competition began, along with

2652-544: Was first sung in public. It became a tradition to sing this alma mater song at the end of student and alumni gatherings such as pep rallies and football games, and on graduation day. In 1926, Navy won the national collegiate football championship title. In the fall of 1929, the Secretary of the Navy gave his approval for graduates to compete for Rhodes Scholarships . Six graduates were selected for that honor that same year. The Association of American Universities accredited

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2704-470: Was too fragile for the newer heavy stone buildings. Pilings were sunk from 100 feet (30 m) to 400 feet (120 m) deep. Some wooden with iron caps; modern ones of steel. Today's campus dates from that era. In 1905, Isherwood Hall, containing the Department of Marine Engineering, was constructed. Prior to that era, about 43 men entered annually. There were 114 joining the class of 1905, 201 with

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