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49-517: Royal Cornwall Infirmary was a hospital in the south of the centre of Truro , Cornwall , England. The Royal Cornwall Infirmary was designed by William Wood, and paid for by public subscription. It had just 20 beds when it opened on 12 August 1799. It was the first of its kind in Cornwall and was designed to service the mining community. During the First World War it provided 50 beds to

98-492: A fireworks display, food and drinks fairs, a circus and a parade. A half-marathon , organised by Truro Running Club, also occurs in September; it runs from the city centre into the countryside towards Kea, returning to finish at Lemon Quay. Truro's Christmas includes a Winter Festival with a City of Lights paper lantern parade. Local schools, colleges, and community and youth groups join in. Truro temporarily hosted

147-489: A banner of St George, on the waves in base two fishes of the second." Truro prospered in the 18th and 19th centuries through improved mining methods and higher prices for tin, and its consequent attraction to wealthy mine-owners. Elegant Georgian and Victorian townhouses of the period can be seen today in Lemon Street, named after the mining magnate and local Member of Parliament Sir William Lemon . Truro became

196-623: A centre for Cornish wrestling for centuries. Before the formation of the Cornish Wrestling Association, the tournaments in Truro were often described as the Great County Wrestling Matches and, with winners getting money prizes or silver medals, silver cups and silver belts. A large number of venues have been used throughout Truro, including various inns which put on tournaments such as

245-458: A knight's fee was inherited by joint heiresses, the fee would be split into two or more moieties , that is two separate parts, each a manor of itself with its own manorial court , each deemed half a knight's fee, and so-on down to smaller fractions. Thus a magnate could be overlord to, say, 12 1 ⁄ 2 knight's fees. A knight's fee was not only originally created by the process of subinfeudation, but could itself be split into smaller units by

294-610: A missionary, translating the New Testament into Urdu and Persian. Others include Humphry Davy , educated in Truro and the inventor of the miner's safety lamp , and Samuel Foote , an actor and playwright from Boscawen Street. Truro's importance increased later in the 19th century with an iron-smelting works, potteries , and tanneries . From the 1860s, the Great Western Railway provided a direct link to London Paddington . The Bishopric of Truro Act 1876 gave

343-717: A new charter of Elizabeth I giving it an elected mayor and control over the port of Falmouth . During the Civil War in the 17th century, Truro raised a sizeable force to fight for the king and a royalist mint was set up. Defeat by Parliamentary troops came after the Battle of Naseby in 1646, when the victorious General Fairfax led his army south-west to relieve Taunton and capture the Royalist-held West Country . The Royalist forces surrendered at Truro while leading Royalist commanders, including Lord Hopton ,

392-470: A performing arts and entertainment venue. The Royal Cornwall Museum is the oldest and premier museum of Cornish history and culture . Its collections cover fields such as archaeology , art and geology. Among the exhibits is the so-called Arthur's inscribed stone . Its parks and open spaces include Victoria Gardens, Boscawen Park and Daubuz Moors . Lemon Quay is the year-round centre of most festivities in Truro. In April, Truro prepares to partake in

441-651: A trade centre through its port and as a stannary town for tin mining . It became mainland Britain's southernmost city in 1876, with the founding of the Diocese of Truro . It is home to Cornwall Council , the Royal Cornwall Museum , Truro Cathedral , the Hall for Cornwall and Cornwall's Courts of Justice . Truro's name may derive from the Cornish tri-veru meaning "three rivers", but authorities such as

490-534: Is 12 mi (19 km) north of Truro. In 2017, it was thought to be the "fastest growing airport" in the UK. It has regular flights to London Heathrow and other airports including Isles of Scilly , Dublin and Düsseldorf , Germany. There is a boat link to Falmouth along the Truro and Fal four times a day, tide permitting. The fleet run by Enterprise Boats , as part of the Fal River Links ; it calls on

539-973: Is 6 miles (9.7 km) from the A30 trunk road , to which it is linked by the A39 from Falmouth and Penryn . Also passing through is the A390 between Redruth to the west and Liskeard to the east, where it joins the A38 for Plymouth , Exeter and the M5 motorway . The city and surroundings have extensive bus services, provided mainly by First Kernow and Transport for Cornwall . Most routes terminate at Truro bus station, near Lemon Quay. A permanent Park and Ride scheme, known as Park for Truro , opened in August 2008. Buses based at Langarth Park in Threemilestone carry commuters into

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588-580: Is a cathedral city and civil parish in Cornwall , England ; it is the southernmost city in the United Kingdom , just under 232 miles (373 km) west-south-west of Charing Cross in London . It is Cornwall's county town , sole city and a centre for administration, leisure and retail trading. Its population was 18,766 in the 2011 census . People of Truro can be called Truronians . It grew as

637-598: Is affiliated to Truro Chamber of Commerce and other civic bodies. The city council comes under the unitary Cornwall Council , which is directly under central government. Cornwall Council , a unitary authority, is based at Lys Kernow , formerly County Hall, west of the city centre. It covers planning, infrastructure, development and environmental issues. Truro seats four members on it, one from each of its wards: Truro Tregolls , Truro Boscawen and Redannick , Truro Moresk and Trehaverne and Gloweth, Malabar and Shortlanesend . Threemilestone and Chacewater , conurbations of

686-589: Is consistent the rest of Cornwall (14% and 1.6% respectively). 3,168 households (33.6% of residents) are experiencing deprivation, and 4,744 (20.5%) are retirees. Major employers include the Royal Cornwall Hospital , Cornwall Council and Truro College . There are about 22,000 jobs available in Truro, but only 9,500 economically active people living there, which make commuting a major factor in its traffic congestion. Average earnings are higher than elsewhere in Cornwall. Truro's dominant feature

735-436: Is its Gothic-revival cathedral , designed by architect John Loughborough Pearson , rising 249 ft (76 m) above the city at its highest spire. It was built in 1880–1910 on the site of St Mary's Church, consecrated over 600 years earlier. Georgian architecture is well represented, with terraces and townhouses along Walsingham Place and Lemon Street often said to be "the finest examples of Georgian architecture west of

784-507: Is the Truro City Stadium in Threemilestone . Cornwall County Cricket Club plays some home fixtures at Boscawen Park , which is also the home ground of Truro Cricket Club. Truro Fencing Club is a national flagship, having won numerous national championships and supplied three fencers for Team GB at the London 2012 Olympics . Other sports amenities include a leisure centre , golf course and tennis courts. Truro has been

833-722: Is the centre of Cornwall's local media. The county weeklies, the Cornish Guardian and The West Briton , are based there; the latter provides a Truro and Mid-Cornwall edition. The city also holds the studios of BBC Radio Cornwall and those of the West district of ITV West Country , whose main studio is now in Bristol after a merger with ITV West. This closed the studio in Plymouth ; the Westcountry Live programme

882-603: The Britain in Bloom competition, with floral displays and hanging baskets dotted around the city throughout the summer. A continental market comes to Truro in the holiday-making season, featuring food and craft stalls from France, Spain, Italy, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, Greece and elsewhere. The Truro City Carnival, held every September over a weekend, includes various arts and music performances, children's activities,

931-665: The CRFU Cornwall Cup several times. Truro City F.C. , a football team in the National League South , is the only Cornish club ever to reach this tier of the English football league system . It achieved national recognition by winning the FA Vase in 2007 against A.F.C. Totton , in only the second final at the new Wembley Stadium ; it became the first Cornish side ever to win the trophy. Its home ground

980-580: The Cornish Pirates rugby union club in the 2005–2006 season, but it moved again for 2006–2007 to share the ground of Camborne RFC . In April 2018, the construction of a Stadium for Cornwall was discussed with Cornwall Council , which had pledged £3 million for the £14.3 million project. It is planned for a site in Threemilestone . The town's remaining rugby union side, Truro RFC , founded in 1885. It belongs to Tribute Western Counties West and plays home games at St Clements Hill. It has hosted

1029-496: The Oxford Dictionary of English Place Names have doubts about the "tru" meaning "three". An expert on Cornish place-names, Oliver Padel , in A Popular Dictionary of Cornish Place-names , called the "three rivers" meaning "possible". Alternatively the name may come from tre -uro or similar, i.e. settlement on the river Uro . A castle was built in the 12th century by Richard de Luci , Chief Justice of England in

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1078-551: The Prince of Wales , Sir Edward Hyde , and Lord Capell , fled to Jersey from Falmouth. Later in the century, Falmouth gained its own charter, giving rights to its harbour and starting a long rivalry with Truro. The dispute was settled in 1709 with control of the River Fal divided between them. The arms of Truro city are "Gules the base wavy of six Argent and Azure, thereon an ancient ship of three masts under sail, on each topmast

1127-578: The River Fal and then the large natural harbour of Carrick Roads . The valleys form a steep bowl surrounding the city on the north, east and west, open to the Truro River in the south. This shape, along with high precipitation that swells the rivers and a spring tide in the River Fal, were major factors in the 1988 floods that seriously damaged the city centre. Since then, flood defences have been constructed, including an emergency dam at New Mill on

1176-908: The War Office for serious medical cases from the Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry . After expanding to provide 180 beds in 1939, it was badly damaged by 500   kg bombs and by machine gun fire on 6 August 1942 during the Second World War . It joined the National Health Service in 1947. Services were transferred from the Infirmary to the Royal Cornwall Hospital at Treliske in the mid-1990s. The infirmary closed down in 1999, and has since been redeveloped with housing. Truro Truro ( / ˈ t r ʊər oʊ / ; Cornish Standard Written Form : Truru )

1225-400: The 21st century as Truro became one of the fastest growing cities in Cornwall, Truro experienced a year-on-year growth rate of 1.31% (Compared to 0.68% for Cornwall). Truro is notable for having one of the youngest average residents in Cornwall (77.7% under 65). 2,773 people (13.4% of the residents) specified a Cornish only identity and 335 (1.6%) Cornish in combination with British - which

1274-620: The River Kenwyn and a tidal barrier on the Truro River. The city is amidst several protected natural areas such as the historic parklands at Pencalenick and areas of ornamental landscape such as Trelissick Garden and Tregothnan down the Truro River. An area south-east of the city, including Calenick Creek, has been included in the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty . Other protected zones include an Area of Great Landscape Value comprising farmland and wooded valleys to

1323-581: The White Hart Inn, Western Inn, Ship Inn and Victoria Inn. In the 1970s, Truro Cathedral School taught Cornish wrestling as part of its physical education programme and was at this time the only school in Cornwall to do so. John Lander was a noted wrestler during the late 1700s and early 1800s. He was landlord of the Fighting Cocks Inn in Truro and was the father of the famous explorers John Lander and Richard Lander . Truro

1372-656: The centre for county society, even dubbed "the London of Cornwall". Through those prosperous times Truro remained a social centre. Among the many notables were Richard Lander , the first European explorer to reach the mouth of the River Niger in Africa and was awarded the first gold medal of the Royal Geographical Society , and Henry Martyn , who read mathematics at Cambridge, was ordained and became

1421-488: The city centre. It is a stop on the Cornish Main Line between Penzance and Plymouth . The station is served by two train operating companies : To the north-east of the station is a 28-metre-high (92-foot) stone viaduct with views over the city, cathedral and Truro river in the distance. The longest viaduct on the line, it replaced Isambard Kingdom Brunel 's wooden Carvedras Viaduct in 1904. Connecting to

1470-419: The city of Bath ." The main attraction to the region is a wide variety of shopping facilities. Truro has various chain stores , speciality shops and markets that reflect its history as a market town . The indoor Pannier Market is open all year, with many stalls and small businesses. The city is also popular for catering and night life, with bars, clubs and restaurants. It houses the Hall for Cornwall ,

1519-591: The city via Truro College, the Royal Cornwall Hospital Treliske, County Hall, the railway station, the Royal Cornwall Museum and Victoria Square, through to a second car park on the east side of the city. Truro is served by long-distance coach services, operated by National Express ; there are daily departures to London , Birmingham and Penzance. Truro railway station is located about 1 mi (1.6 km) from

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1568-464: The city, also elect a member. Truro's borough court, first granted in 1153, became a free borough in 1589, and a city in 1877, receiving letters patent after the Anglican diocese was placed there in 1876. However, it forms the eighth smallest UK city in population, city council area and urban area . Truro is twinned with Several towns outside Britain have taken Truro as their name: Truro

1617-628: The county. Centred upstairs at the Municipal Buildings in Boscawen Street, it covers Truro's public library, parks and gardens, tourist information centre , toilets, allotments and cemeteries. It also views planning issues and was involved in creating the Truro and Kenwyn Neighbourhood Plan in association with Cornwall Council. The city council has four wards – Boscawen and Redannick, Moresk and Trehaverne, Tregolls, and Malabar – with 24 councillors elected for four-year terms. It

1666-402: The king himself or by one of his tenants-in-chief by separating off an area of land from his own demesne (land held in-hand), which process when performed by the latter was known as subinfeudation , and establishing therein a new manor for the use of a knight who would by the process of enfeoffment become his tenant by paying homage and fealty to his new overlord. This homage and fealty

1715-633: The main line at Truro is the Maritime Line to Falmouth in the south. Truro's first railway station, at Highertown, was opened in 1852 by the West Cornwall Railway (WCR) for trains to Redruth and Penzance; it was known as Truro Road station. It was extended to the Truro river at Newham in 1855, but closed so that Newham served as the terminus. When the Cornwall Railway connected the line to Plymouth, its trains ran to

1764-541: The north east, and Daubuz Moors, a local nature reserve by the River Allen, close to the city centre. Truro has mainly grown and developed round the historic city centre in a nuclear fashion along the slopes of the bowl valley, except for fast linear development along the A390 to the west, towards Threemilestone . As Truro grew, it encompassed other settlements as suburbs or districts, including Kenwyn and Moresk to

1813-490: The north, Trelander to the east, Newham to the south, and Highertown, Treliske and Gloweth to the west. The Truro area, like the rest of Cornwall, has an oceanic climate . This means fewer extremes in temperature than elsewhere in England, marked by high rainfall, cool summers and mild winters with infrequent frosts. The Truro urban area, including parts of surrounding parishes, had a 2001 census population of 18,051. By 2011

1862-431: The parish of Kenwyn, later known as "Castellum de Guelon", was probably built by him in 1139–1140. He styled himself "Richard de Lucy, de Trivereu". The castle passed to Reginald FitzRoy , an illegitimate son of Henry I, when he was invested by King Stephen as the first Earl of Cornwall. Reginald married Mabel FitzRichard, daughter of William FitzRichard, a major landholder in Cornwall. The 75-foot (23 m)-diameter castle

1911-399: The population, including Threemilestone, was 20,044. As of 2021, there are 23,047 residents. Its status as the county's prime destination for retail and leisure and administration is unusual in that it is only its fourth most populous settlement. Indeed, population growth at 10.5% between 1971 and 1998 was slow compared with other Cornish towns and Cornwall. This trend changed significantly in

1960-462: The present station above the city centre. The WCR diverted most passenger trains to the new station, leaving Newham mainly as a goods station until it closed in 1971; it became part of the Great Western Railway . The route from Highertown to Newham is now the Newham Trail , which is a shared-use path on a countryside loop around the south side of the city. Newquay , Cornwall's main airport,

2009-422: The reign of Henry II , who for court services was granted land in Cornwall, including the area round the confluence of the two rivers. The town grew below the castle and gained borough status from further economic activity. The castle has long disappeared. Richard de Lucy fought in Cornwall under Count Alan of Brittany after leaving Falaise late in 1138. The small adulterine castle at Truro, Cornwall, originally

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2058-401: The richness of its soil and the local climate, as well as the presence of other exploitable resources such as a fishing weir , quarries of rock, or mines of minerals. If a knight's fee is deemed coterminous with a manor , an average size would be between 1,000 and 5,000 acres, of which much in early times was still "waste", forest and uncultivated moorland. A knight's fee could be created by

2107-461: The town a bishop and later a cathedral. In 1877 it gained city status. The New Bridge Street drill hall was completed in the late 19th century. Truro lies in the centre of western Cornwall, about 9 miles (14 kilometres) from the south coast, at the confluence of the rivers Kenwyn and Allen , which combine as the Truro River – one of a series of waterways and drowned valleys leading into

2156-468: The way at Malpas , Trelissick , Tolverne and St Mawes . The old parish church of Truro was St Mary's, which was incorporated into the cathedral in the later 19th century. The building dates from 1518, with a later tower and spire dating from 1769. Knight%27s fee A knight's fee cannot be stated as a standard number of acres , as the required acreage to produce a given crop or revenue would vary depending on many factors, including its location,

2205-457: Was a major port, due to an inland location away from invaders, to prosperity from the fishing industry, and to a role as a stannary town for assaying and stamping tin and copper from Cornish mines. The Black Death brought a trade recession and an exodus that left the town in a very neglected state. Trade and prosperity gradually returned in the Tudor period. Local government came in 1589 with

2254-446: Was a vow of loyalty to his overlord, with corresponding vow of protection received, and an undertaking to provide a specified form of service commonly due under feudal land tenure in England . Broadly speaking such service was either military ( knight-service ) or non-military ( serjeanty , etc.). Military service was generally to a maximum of 40 days per annum, signifying that he would have to fight for his overlord in battle. No cash rent

2303-401: Was in ruins by 1270 and the motte was levelled in 1840. Today Truro Crown Court stands on the site. In a charter of about 1170, Reginald FitzRoy confirmed to Truro's burgesses the privileges granted by Richard de Lucy. Richard held ten knights' fees in Cornwall before 1135. At his death the county still accounted for a third of his considerable total holding. By the early 14th century Truro

2352-490: Was payable, although military service was later transformable into scutage . A knight was required to maintain the dignity of knighthood, which meant that he should live in suitable style and be well-turned out in battle, with the required number of esquires to serve him and with horses, arms and armour for all. A feudal tenant-in-chief of the king was assessed for certain feudal aids according as to how many knight's fees he held , whether tenanted or held in demesne. Where

2401-696: Was replaced by The West Country Tonight . A mummers play text ascribed until recently to Mylor, Cornwall (quoted in studies of folk plays such as The Mummers Play by R. J. E. Tiddy – published posthumously in 1923 – and The English Folk-Play (1933) by E. K. Chambers), has now been shown by genealogical and other research to have originated in Truro about 1780. The traditional Nine Lessons and Carols at Christmas originated in Truro in 1880, when its bishop, Edward White Benson , began to provide chances for evening singing of carols before Christmas Day, often on Christmas Eve. Truro City Council forms its basic level of government, as one of 213 parish bodies in

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