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90-726: The Royal Barge Procession, in the present, consists of 52 barges : 51 historical barges, and the Royal Barge, the Narai Song Suban, which King Rama IX built in 1994. It is the only barge built during King Bhumibol's reign. These barges are manned by 2,082 oarsmen . The procession proceeds down the Chao Phraya River , from the Wasukri Royal Landing Place in Dusit district , Bangkok , passes

180-407: A British canal boat of traditional long, narrow design, steered with a tiller; spec. one not exceeding 7 feet (approx. 2.1 metres) in width or 72 feet (approx. 21.9 metres) in length The narrowboats were initially also known as barges, and the new canals were constructed with an adjacent towpath along which draft horses walked, towing the barges. These types of canal craft are so specific that on

270-467: A Burmese fleet to defend those cities, but arrived too late and was defeated by a combined Thai fleet. Additionally, Burmese troops marching from Mottama were ambushed by the combined Chakri and Khlang force, resulting in the capture of 11 Burmese commanders, many elephants, horses, men, arms, and ammunition. In 1593, Naresuan then launched a successful campaign to subjugate Cambodia . He was said to have executed its king Nakphra Sattha , but this account

360-481: A barge has given rise to the saying "I wouldn't touch that [subject/thing] with a barge pole." In the United States a barge was not a sailing vessel by the end of the 19th century. Indeed, barges were often created by cutting down ( razeeing ) sailing vessels. In New York this was an accepted meaning of the term barge. The somewhat smaller scow was built as such, but the scow also had its sailing counterpart

450-547: A command to defend Ayutthaya. The Cambodian besieged Ayutthaya for 3 days, but the city stood strong. The Cambodian army was forced to retreat back to Cambodia and took a large number of prisoners with them. In 1574, when the Ayutthayan Army under the command of King Maha Thammarachathirat and King Naresuan was assisting Bayinnaung in his campaign to attack Lanxang, Baraminreachea took the opportunity to attack Ayutthaya again. Luckily, King Naresuan contracted smallpox and

540-409: A consistent rhyme: "Suphannahong", "Narai Song Suban", "Anantanakkharat" and "Anekkachatphuchong". The royal barge's arrangement in the procession would have "Anantanakkharat" leading, with the "Suphannahong", "Narai Song Suban" and "Anekkachatphuchong" following respectively. Escort barges consist of different classes of barges. Most of their bows are decorated with either a painting or a figurehead of

630-447: A dumb barge. In Europe, a Dumb barge is: An inland waterway transport freight vessel designed to be towed which does not have its own means of mechanical propulsion . In America, a barge is generally pushed. Barges are used today for transporting low-value bulk items, as the cost of hauling goods that way is very low and for larger project cargo, such as offshore wind turbine blades. Barges are also used for very heavy or bulky items;

720-440: A formal duel. In November 1592, Nanda Bayin ordered his son to attack Ayutthaya again. Mingyi Swa, Natshinnaung the son of the viceroy of Taungoo, and the viceroy of Prome formed three divisions. Mingyi Swa went through Three Pagodas Pass while the other two divisions came via Mae Lamao. The chief of Chiang Mai sent a boat force. Naresuan had been planning to attack Cambodia because of its border incursions, but then adjusted to

810-543: A hitch." During the battle, Naresuan's elephant got surrounded by the Burmese forces. During that crucial moment, a Burmese war elephant went musth, and attacked Swa's elephant. Seeing that Swa was in difficulty, Naresuan "closed in, and he (or one of the warriors riding with him, maybe a Portuguese) fired a gun which mortally wounded the crown prince" Swa. Naresuan was "lucky to escape from a very dangerous situation" but also quick to take advantage of it. According to Terwiel,

900-642: A le dos tourné à la route. Il y a quelquefois dans un feul balon juſqu’à cent ou fix vingt pagayeurs rangez ainſi deux à deux les jambes croiſees ſur des planchettes: mais les moindres Officiers ont des baIons beaucoup plus courts, ou peu de pagayes, comme 16. ou 20. ſuffiſent. Les pagayeurs, afin de plonger la pagaye de concert, chantent, ou font des cris meſurez; & ils plongent la pagaye en cadence avec un mouvement de bras & d'épaules qui eſt vigoureux , mais facile & de bonne grace. » (Translation): Because in Siam we only travel by water rather than by land,

990-483: A massive army, invading the country and laying siege to Phitsanulok. Maha Thammarachathirat came to believe that the city would not be able to withstand a long siege due to a scarcity of food and a smallpox outbreak, so he surrendered the city. King Bayinnaung took Phitsanulok and Ayutthaya, and made Thailand a Burmese tributary state . He required Maha Thammarachathirat to send his son—the Black Prince—to Bago as

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1080-513: A movement of arms and shoulders that is vigorous, simple, and graceful. European visitors witnessed and wrote about "an immense procession with 200 boats" upon their arrival in Thailand in the 17th century; one witness was Pierre Brigot , bishop of Tabraca Vicar Apostolic in Siam; later, it was collected in the book History of the Kingdom of Siam (1770) compiled by François Henri Turpin :– It

1170-655: A mythical creature. Other types have less elaborate design. The barges with figureheads have rowers dressed in decorated purple uniforms with pink trousers and red ancient-style helmets with a tall crown and wide brim. The oarsmen on the Ekachai class are dressed in white uniforms with pink trousers and small red headgear with havelocks . Most of the barges of the fleet are lesser escorts and attendants such as Ruea Dang , Ruea Saeng , police barges , and drum barges . They have no figurehead or cannon. They are painted mostly black, and their type, number, and name (if they have one)

1260-623: A residence when he visited his parents. In 1570, after seeing the fall of Ayutthaya to the Burmese, Baraminreachea , the Khmer King, took the opportunity to retake the lands lost to the Siamese. He amassed an army of 20,000 men and captured Nakhon Nayok . He continued to march to Ayutthaya and set up camp at Ban Krathum sub-district. After setting up camp, he also planned to attack the city. The Cambodian navy of 50 ships soon arrived at Bangkok and besieged it. King Maha Thammarachathirat issued

1350-424: A rich history, and therefore there are many types of barges. "Barge" is attested from 1300, from Old French barge , from Vulgar Latin barga . The word originally could refer to any small boat; the modern meaning arose around 1480. Bark "small ship" is attested from 1420, from Old French barque , from Vulgar Latin barca (400 AD). The more precise meaning of Barque as "three-masted sailing vessel" arose in

1440-646: A royal hostage to ensure the king's fidelity. The War of the first fall was ended by Bayinnaung, who installed Maha Thammaracha as a vassal king of Ayutthaya. After six years in Pegu, c. 1570, Prince Naret and his brother the White Prince returned to Ayutthaya. While in Burma, "he followed the best of Burmese military training," studying alongside the "elite of Burmese youth, sons of princes and nobles." "Besides being gifted in military prowess, Naresuan who

1530-524: A royal barge ceremony using a boat on the lake in the middle of his grand palace. Since Ayutthaya Kingdom in the 14th century, strategic waterways and water transportation became more important to the Siamese people, according to the Safine-ye Solaymani mentioned variant of Shahr-i Nāv or Shahr-i Nau ( Persian : شهر نو ), literally "City of Boats, Canals" with reference to Ayutthaya Kingdom. The traditional plays and competitions, i.e.

1620-431: A single mast with sails. Barge and lighter were used indiscriminately. A local distinction was that any flat that was not propelled by steam was a barge, although it might be a sailing flat. The term Dumb barge was probably taken into use to end the confusion. The term Dumb barge surfaced in the early nineteenth century. It first denoted the use of a barge as a mooring platform in a fixed place. As it went up and down with

1710-454: A typical American barge measures 195 by 35 feet (59.4 m × 10.7 m), and can carry up to about 1,500 short tons (1,400 t) of cargo. The most common European barges measure 251 by 37 feet (76.5 m × 11.4 m) and can carry up to about 2,450 tonnes (2,700 short tons). As an example, on June 26, 2006, in the US a 565-short-ton (513 t) catalytic cracking unit reactor

1800-611: A un templo que eſtaua a la orilla del río, de la otra parte de la ciudad, adonde ſe dezía que hauia de parar el Rey, y hazer oración y limofna. Deſpués de los barcos de las trompetas, vinieron otros largos y differentes de los primeros, con mucha gente, veſtida de varias libreas. Y en cada vno venía un grande del Reyno, por ſu orden, ſegún ſus oficios y dignidades, repreſentando con ſus trajes y acompañamiento, la majeſtad y grandeza de ſu rey. Los aderezos de los barcos, que eran muchos, y de la gente innumerable era de mucha coſta y gala, y todos pararon junto al templo. (Translation): In honor of

1890-405: Is impossible to compare the beauty of the immense procession with 200 boats. The Royal barges travelled in two in the front. All oarsmen have been trained to an admirable proficiency, dressed uniformly in gold- trimmed hats, tunic, knee and arm bands. All rowing in synchronized movement and rhythm. The oars also of gold, touch the water with a sound that harmonizes with the boat song sung in praise of

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1980-633: Is known for his campaigns to free Ayutthaya from the vassalage of the Taungoo Empire . During his reign, numerous wars were fought against Taungoo Burma. Naresuan also welcomed the Dutch. Prince Naret ( Thai : พระนเรศ ) was born in Phitsanulok in 1555–56. He was the son of King Mahathammarachathirat of Phitsanulok and his queen consort, Wisutkasat . His mother was a daughter of Maha Chakkraphat and queen consort Suriyothai . His father

2070-446: Is not attached to the edge of the barge, and the person rowing the boat faces the bow and paddles down with his back to the stern. For a single barge, there are sometimes a hundred or up to twenty paddlers arranged two by two with their legs crossed on planks; however, the lesser officers have shorter boats or fewer paddlers, like 16 or 20 paddlers. In order to plunge the paddle together, the paddlers sing or roar; they plunge in rhythm with

2160-566: Is painted on their bows in white. They can be differentiated as follows: The present fleet of barges was restored during the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej, as some had suffered damage in bombing raids on Bangkok during World War II . The dock that stored them, located in the Bangkok Noi District , became the National Museum of Royal Barges . Only eight important barges, including all four royal barges, are displayed in

2250-408: Is richly enamelled and gilt. The stem, which rises ten or eleven feet from the bows, represents the nagha mustakha sapta , the sevenheaded serpent or alligator. A phrasat , or elevated throne (also termed p'hra-the-nang ), occupies the centre, supported by four pillars. The extraordinary beauty of the inlaying of shells, mother-of-pearl, crystal, and precious stones of every color, the splendor of

2340-714: Is the Bibby Stockholm . Naresuan Naresuan (1555/1556 – 25 April 1605), commonly known as Naresuan the Great , or Sanphet II was the 18th king of the Ayutthaya Kingdom and 2nd monarch of the Sukhothai dynasty . He was the king of the Ayutthaya Kingdom from 1590 and overlord of Lan Na from 1602 until his death in 1605. Naresuan is one of Thailand's most revered monarchs as he

2430-648: Is unlikely to be true since there is no evidence to support this claim, and historical accounts in Cambodia as well as from Spanish and Portuguese explorers say that Nakphra Sattha escaped to Vientiane where he remained until he died. Naresuan then brought Khmer families to populate his northern provinces. As Burmese control over the tributaries had weakened, the Mons took this opportunity to free themselves. The Mon governor of Mawlamyine rebelled against Bago and requested Siamese support. Naresuan sent troops to help and

2520-751: The Temple of the Emerald Buddha , the Grand Palace , Wat Pho , and finally arrives at Wat Arun . Thailand's Royal Barge Procession can be dated back to the Sukhothai Kingdom from the 13–14th centuries (1238–1438 AD). However, further examination of the Thai chronicle, Phraratchaphongsawadan Nuea , found that it could be traced back to the 11th century. In the 11th century, the Thai chronicle, Phraratchaphongsawadan Nuea (Royal Chronicle of

2610-500: The narrowboat , which usually had a beam a couple of inches less to allow for clearance e.g. 6 feet 10 inches (2.08 m) . It was soon realized that the narrow locks were too limiting, and later locks were therefore doubled in width to 14 feet (4.3 m). This led to the development of the widebeam canal boat. The narrowboat (one word) definition in the Oxford English Dictionary is: Narrowboat:

2700-431: The "Burmese and European accounts stayed closer to what actually may have happened", and "Naresuan's much repeated challenge to hold a duel, even though it looms large in many Thai history books, should be relegated to a legendary tale." In 1593, Naresuan sent Chao Phraya Chakri and Phraya Phra Khlang to attack Tanintharyi and Dawei, a Mon city, which fell after 15 and 20 day sieges respectfully. Nanda Bayin launched

2790-509: The 17th century, and often takes the French spelling for disambiguation. Both are probably derived from the Latin barica , from Greek baris "Egyptian boat", from Coptic bari "small boat", hieroglyphic Egyptian and similar ba-y-r for "basket-shaped boat". By extension, the term "embark" literally means to board the kind of boat called a "barque". In Great Britain a merchant barge

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2880-469: The British canal system the term 'barge' is no longer used to describe narrowboats and widebeams . Narrowboats and widebeams are still seen on canals, mostly for leisure cruising, and now engine-powered. The people who moved barges were known as lightermen . Poles are used on barges to fend off other nearby vessels or a wharf. These are often called 'pike poles'. The long pole used to maneuver or propel

2970-694: The British river system and larger waterways, the Thames sailing barge , and Dutch barge and unspecified other styles of barge, are still known as barges. The term Dutch barge is nowadays often used to refer to an accommodation ship, but originally refers to the slightly larger Dutch version of the Thames sailing barge. During the Industrial Revolution , a substantial network of canals was developed in Great Britain from 1750 onward. Whilst

3060-703: The Burmese Empire, Naresuan decided to attack Bago again in 1599, using Arakan and Taungoo as allies. However, before Naresuan arrived at the city, the forces of Arakan and Taungoo had already invested the city. The Viceroy of Taungoo ended up taking the populace back to Taungoo, abandoning the city to the forces of Arakan to loot what property was left behind, and then setting flames to the palace and monasteries. Naresuan occupied Bago while Minye Thihathu II , Viceroy of Taungoo, had already taken Nanda Bayin to Taungoo. Naresuan requested Minye Thihathu send Nanda Bayin back to him but Minye Thihathu refused, stating he

3150-508: The Burmese abandoned their garrison at Martaban. Nanda Bayin then sent the viceroy of Taungoo to suppress the uprising, but his force was defeated. The Mon provinces then became subject to the Siamese Kingdom. Naresuan then decided to attack Bago in 1595. He laid siege on the city for three months before retreating when the viceroys of Prome, Taungoo, and Ava sent relief forces. Naresuan did take back many prisoners of war, lessening

3240-566: The Burmese threat. Naresuan marched towards Suphan Buri and encamped his armies at Nong Sarai near the Thakhoi River. Naresuan formed a battle plan which involved a retreat, allowing the Burmese to follow, and then attack the disordered advance with his main army. During the battle, in January 1593, the war elephants of Naresuan, Chaophraya Chaiyanuphap , and Ekathotsarot, Chaophraya Prap Traichak , were "in musth " and charged into

3330-723: The Franciscan missionary friar recorded the testimony of a Franciscan friar who came to reside in Siam in 1582. The Ribadeneira’s archive described the royal barge procession of King Maha Thammarachathirat in Spanish:– Y para repreſentar la mageſtad de la venida del rey, venieron delante del quatro barcos grandes, en que venían muchos hombres, tañendo unas trompetas de plata pequeñas. Los barcos eran pintados y labrados de muchas y diuerſas labores, y figuras. De manera, que confiderada la popa, y la proa, qeſtaua muy doradas, en ſu modo y hehcura parecía un Elphante. Eſtos barcos pararon junto

3420-559: The King During the processions, the oarsmen were kept in rhythm by the beating of drums , with accompanying music. This traditional boat song was written by Prince Dhamma Dibes of the late-Ayutthaya period. Most of the vessels in the procession doubled as warships, and when war erupted, the barges and boats were used as weapons. In 1767, the Burmese invaded Ayutthaya Kingdom, and, for the second and last time, were able to capture

3510-470: The King of Siam has many beautiful barges. I have said a barge made from only a single tree sometimes takes 16 to 20 wa (32–40 meters) in length. Two men sit cross-legged, parallel to each other. One paddles to the right, and the other to the left. Boating is to row with the paddle, and the paddle is a short oar, which is held in both hands, by the middle, and by the end. All we do is sweep the water with force. It

3600-989: The King. The oars are also gilded. The drapes lining the Royal Barge are embellished with precious stones. In 1687, Simon de la Loubère , a French diplomat to Siam, handwrote the royal barge procession of King Narai in his famous book, Du Royaume de Siam :– « Mais, parce qu’en ce païs-là on va plus par eau que par terre, le Roy de Siam a de fort beaux Balons. J’ay déjà dit que le corps d’un Balon n’eſt que d’un ſeul arbre long quelquefois de 16. à 20. toiles. Deux hommes affis les jambes croiſées côte à côte l’un de l’autre fur une planche miſe en travers, ſuffiſent pour en occuper toute la larguer. L'un pagaye à droite, & l'autre à gauche. Pagayer c’est ramer avec la pagaye, & la pagaye eſt une rame courte, qu’on tient à deux mains, par le milieu, & par le bout. Il ſemble qu’on n’en faffe que balayer l’eau quoy qu’avec force. Elle n’eſt point attachée au bord du balon, & celuy, qui la manie, regarde où il va ; au lieu que celuy qui ramel

3690-534: The Maha Uparat to attack Naresuan from the rear while Maha Uparat attacked from the front. Naresuan called a council, which included priests, Phraya Kiat, Phraya Ram, and other Mons . Naresuan then "poured water on the earth from a gold goblet to proclaim to the devatas in the presence of the persons assembled, that from that day forth Siam had severed friendship with Hongsawadi and was no longer in amity as of yore." According to Damrong, Naresuan then levied

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3780-464: The Mons to join his campaign and marched onto Bago, intending to free the Siamese families held captive there. However, Nanda Bayin had already defeated the viceroy of Inwa and was returning to his capital. Naresuan then retreated after freeing about 10,000 families. Mingyi Swa pursued with Surakamma in the advance element. The Burmese caught up with the Siamese at the Satong River . There Surakamma

3870-533: The North), recorded the royal barge procession of Prince Sai Nam Peung, a pre-Ayudhya king of Siam who had set the barge and landed at the cape of Wat Pak Klong temple. Later he ascended to the governor seat with the regnal name, Phra Chao Sai Nam Pung ( Thai : พระเจ้าสายน้ำผึ้ง , romanized :  King Sai Nam Pheung , lit.   'King Honey-flow'), and ruled the Ayodhya region from 1165–1205. In

3960-501: The Royal Kathin Ceremony, the movement of a sacred image of Buddha, or important occasions of state. The Petch Phuang Formation is arranged into five columns, with the royal barges in the center, and two rows of war barges on each side. In the minor formation, there are three columns, the royal barges in the middle, and a single row on each side. Arranged in five rows. The names of the four royal barges are composed in

4050-533: The Siamese and Burmese courts. As a result of this, the Khmers did not dare to attack Thailand again. In 1581, Bayinnaung died, and was succeeded by his son Nanda Bayin . Nanda's uncle Viceroy Thado Minsaw of Ava then rebelled in 1583, forcing Nanda Bayin to call upon the viceroys of Prome , Taungoo , Chiang Mai , Vientiane, and Ayutthaya for assistance in suppressing the rebellion. On 2 February 1584, Naresuan left with his troops to Bago as ordered, and arrived at

4140-732: The Siamese long boat racing festival described in the Royal Ceremonies of the Twelve Months , were celebrated at peace, and the grand parade of the royal fleet rushed out to confront the enemies at war. In 1582, according to Marcelo de Ribadeneira ’s archive, History of the Islands of the Philippine Archipelago and the Kingdoms of Great China, Tartary, Cochinchina, Malacca, Siam, Cambodia, and Japan (1601),

4230-653: The Siamese, wrote of the Royal Barge Procession of Ananta Nakkharat boat on her own distinct perspective and experience in the heart of an Asiatic court in the reign of King Rama V . Her work was published in the English Governess at the Siamese Court —the forbidden resale book in Siam.:– The royal state barge, one hundred cubits long, beside being elaborately carved, and inlaid with bits of crystal, porcelain, mother-of-pearl, and jade,

4320-573: The Viceroy of Chiang Mai near Pa Mok and Bang Kaeo, capturing his encampment at Ban Saket with 10,000 soldiers, 120 elephants, 100 horses, 400 boats plus arms, ammunition, and provisions. In October 1586, Nanda Bayin himself led the Burmese armies to Ayutthaya and begin the third invasion of Ayutthaya. Nanda Bayin armies laid siege to the city for five months, but failed to take the city due to an aggressive defense by Naresuan. He retreated. In 1590, Maha Thammarachathirat died. In July 1590, Naresuan

4410-402: The arrival of the King of Siam, four large royal barges were moored in front of His Majesty. Many people blew small silver trumpets. The royal barges of the King of Siam were painted and carved with many works and statues. When the stern and bow were opened, they became a beautiful golden color. Both the shape and the craftsmanship looked like elephants. These royal barges moored beside a temple on

4500-424: The auspiciousness of His Majesty. In 1684, during the reign of King Narai , the spectacle of the procession was in the memoirs of a number of foreign dignitaries who witnessed the event. The Royal Barge Procession was assigned to hail the arrival of Chevalier de Chaumont Mon. Alexandre , the envoy of King Louis XIV to Siam. Nicolas Gervaise, a French missionary and member of the French diplomatic corps, described

4590-415: The body and took the other's elephant. In Terwiel's analysis of the other accounts, however, the Burmese crown prince and Naresuan both fought on their war elephant in the battle, although no formal duel probably ever took place. Per Terwiel, it is highly unlikely that Swa would have agreed to a formal duel since agreeing to do so would have "jeopardized the costly invasion that had thus far progressed without

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4680-570: The border only in April. According to Damrong , this raised Nanda's suspicions, who ordered his son, the Maha Uparaja Mingyi Swa , to remain in the capital and kill Naresuan. The Burmese chronicles say that Nanda made the decision to have Mingyi Swa guard Pegu prior to his march to Ava on 25 March 1584. According to Damrong, Naresuan reached Kraeng the border town, where he learned that Phraya Ram and Phraya Kiet had been sent by

4770-602: The capital to the east side of the river to what is now known as Bangkok. Chao Phaya Chakri, founder of the Chakri dynasty , ruled as King Buddha Yodfah (Rama I) and began the Royal Kathin Ceremony Procession. The Kathin Ceremony is a presentation of Kathin robes to monks and earns merit by honoring and supporting Buddhism. Soon after his coronation in 1782, King Rama I ordered construction of

4860-478: The capital, Ayutthaya . The entire fleet was burned and destroyed after the Burmese found them at their hideaway. General Taksin rallied the Thais and established a new capital at Thonburi . During his short 15-year reign, Taksin ordered the reconstruction of the barge fleet, and used a fleet of 115 barges to carry a revered likeness of Buddha to his new capital. Chao Phaya Chakri succeeded King Taksin and moved

4950-706: The city of Phetchaburi. The attack failed and Phraya Chin Chantu was too afraid to go back to Cambodia. He was allowed to take refuge in Ayutthaya by Maha Thammaracha. Shortly thereafter, he boarded a junk and fled. At that time, King Naresuan was 24 years old and was aware that Phraya Chin Chantu was a Cambodian agent who took refuge in Ayutthaya under false pretenses to gather information on the Siamese court. He ordered Siamese boats to chase Phraya Chin Chantu's junk. Since Chinese junks are much bigger than Siamese junks and were more suited for sailing out to sea, Phraya Chin Chantu

5040-534: The elephant combat, which resulted in the death of the Burmese crown prince at the hands of Naresuan (whom the Siamese called "the black prince"), did indeed happen. According to Van Vliet's Description of the Siamese Kingdom: [W]hen the Pegu prince and the young Siamese prince (both seated on elephants and dressed in royal garb) lost all self control, left both armies and attacked each other furiously. The Siamese prince ran his adversary with his lance through

5130-485: The fighting strength of the Burmese. The Lord of Prome staged a rebellion against Nanda Bayin in 1595, followed by Taungoo, Rakhine , Lan Na, and Lan Xang. King Nokeo Koumane of Lan Xang prepared to march through Lan Na to Bago to rescue the people of Lan Xang held captive. The Viceroy of Lan Na Chiang Mai then submitted his territory to Siamese control and Naresuan sent Siamese forces to prevent Laotian forces from entering Lan Na. After these series of upheavals in

5220-502: The final port to the refinery. The Transportation Institute at Texas A&M found that inland barge transportation in the US produces far fewer emissions of carbon dioxide for each ton of cargo moved compared to transport by truck or rail. According to the study, transporting cargo by barge produces 43% less greenhouse gas emissions than rail and more than 800% less than trucks. Environmentalists claim that in areas where barges, tugboats and towboats idle may produce more emissions like in

5310-477: The gilding, and the elegance of the costly kinkob curtains with which it is hung, combine to render this one of the most striking and beautiful objects to be seen on the Meinam . The barge is usually manned by one hundred and fifty men, their paddles gilt and silver-tipped. Processions took place occasionally until the absolute monarchy ended in 1932. Most of the royal barges were kept near Thonburi train station. It

5400-414: The largest of these could accommodate ocean-going vessels e.g the later Manchester Ship Canal , a complex network of smaller canals was also developed. These smaller canals had locks, bridges and tunnels that were at minimum only 7 feet (2.1 m) wide at the waterline . On wider sections, standard barges and other vessels could trade, but full access to the network necessitated the parallel development of

5490-586: The locks and dams of the Mississippi River. Self-propelled barges may be used for traveling downstream or upstream in placid waters; they are operated as an unpowered barge, with the assistance of a tugboat, when traveling upstream in faster waters. Canal barges are usually made for the particular canal in which they will operate. Unpowered vessels—barges—may be used for other purposes, such as large accommodation vessels , towed to where they are needed and stationed there as long as necessary. An example

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5580-487: The men from the northern provinces to the Siamese capital of Ayutthaya in preparation for the attack of the Bago army. In the same year Nanda Bayin sent two separate armies, one under his uncle the viceroy of Pathein , and another from Chiang Mai under his younger brother Noratra Mangsosri . Both were defeated in separate engagements before they could unite, and were driven back in retreat. Then in 1586, Naresuan defeated

5670-464: The middle of the Burmese. The punishment was death. However, Somdet Phra Phanarat, a bhikkhu from Wat Yai Chai Mongkhon , calmed Naresuan enough to have the punishment rescinded. Instead, the guilty commanders were ordered to take Dawei and Tanintharyi for redemption. The Burmese chronicles , however, do not mention a duel at all. They say that the two armies engage in a battle on 8 January [ O.S. 29 December 1592] 1593, and Swa

5760-465: The midst of the Burmese, with only a handful to Siamese being able to follow them in. According to Damrong's reconstruction, Naresuan, seeing Mingyi Swa on an elephant under a tree, shouted, "My brother, why do you stay on your elephant under the shade of a tree? Why not come out and engage in single combat to be an honour to us? There will be no kings in future who will engage in single combat like us." The personal battle between Naresuan and Mingyi Swa

5850-484: The museum due to limits of space. Displayed with the boats are a number of smaller historical artifacts related to the barge processions, such as old procession layout plans and some partial remains of the older decommissioned and/or damaged boats, including the bow and figurehead of the old Narai Song Suban . The remainder are kept at Wasukri Pier, next to the National Library of Thailand. All are stored out of

5940-405: The other side of the river. It is said that the King of Siam would moor his royal barges to pray and ask for worship. The next royal barges of trumpet barges had other long barges different from the first one. Many people wore clothes decorated with various patterns. Each of the great members of the royal family of Siam walked in order according to their positions and ranks. They dressed and walked in

6030-499: The other two divisions to retreat. Naresuan's ngao, Chao Phraya Prap Hongsawadi or "Chao Phraya which defeated Bago", and helmet, Chao Phraya Sen Phonlaphai or "Chao Phraya which defeated a hundred thousand soldiers", still exist today. Naresuan built a pagoda on the site of the elephant battle as a victory monument. Naresuan brought before a council of judges those commanders he thought had disobeyed him or were negligent in their duties; they had been unable to follow him into

6120-494: The procession with their barges, showing the majesty and greatness of their king. There were countless Siamese nobles. On the royal barges were many things, all very expensive and luxurious. And everyone stopped beside the temple. In 1594–98, King Naresuan performed the royal barge procession before leading his 120,000 battalions to attack the Burmese Hanthawaddy Kingdom . When the moment was auspicious,

6210-413: The procession:– Unmatched in beauty by any naval spectacle, the procession consisting of over two hundred boats, is led by the Royal Barge manned by oarsmen themselves seated in a double row and distinguished by the red bands on their tunic sleeves. Each oarsman wears a headgear, tunic, and trousers marked by gilded bands. The strokes are synchronized and orchestrated by the rhythmic songs sung in praise of

6300-463: The reign of King Ram Khamhaeng the royal barge procession was performed at Loy Krathong ceremony. The Ram Khamhaeng Inscription (RK) 1292 AD reads:– after which he watched and listened to people, men and women, sing and play... Whenever the royal barge alighted in front of a monastery, officials lighted fireworks. (NN:67). In the reign of King Maha Thammaracha I , the King of Sukhothai performed

6390-480: The reign of King Rama X, Vajiralongkorn ( r. 2016–), the following royal barge processions were conducted: The Royal Barge Procession is conducted in one of two formations, the major or the minor. The major formation, also known as the Major Battle Formation (Petch Phuang Major Battle Formation) dates from the time of King Narai . This formation is used for the more significant events, such as

6480-488: The royal astrologer then ordered vassals to beat the drum for the oarsmen and sailed the royal barge Sri Suphannahong ahead, on which the barge installed a golden Gautama Buddha containing the holy relics of the Lord Buddha, Phra Phichai, to lead the procession for good fortune. King Naresuan then ordered vassals to sail his royal barge Kanokratanawiman Mahanawa , following the royal barge Sri Suphannahong to celebrate

6570-406: The royal barge Si Suphannahong . The Si Suphannahong was the principal royal barge for more than a century. In 1911, King Rama VI launched its successor, also named Suphannahong . The Prince of Nakhon Sawan , during the reign of Rama V , devised fleet formations, which became the standard "major" and "minor" formations used today. In 1870, Anna H. Leonowens , the teacher to the children of

6660-525: The sailing scow. The innovation that led to the modern barge was the use of iron barges towed by a steam tugboat. These were first used to transport grain and other bulk products. From about 1840 to 1870 the towed iron barge was quickly introduced on the Rhine, Danube, Don, Dniester , and rivers in Egypt, India and Australia. Many of these barges were built in Great Britain. Nowadays 'barge' generally refers to

6750-488: The threat to his kingdom. He advanced as far as the Fang District of Chiang Mai Province before falling ill and then died after three days on 25 April 1605. His brother King Ekathotsarot became his successor as king. Recent studies of Burmese records by historians of Silpakorn University showed that he returned to Wiang Haeng , where he died of disease, probably smallpox . Many Shan believe King Naresuan

6840-578: The tides, it made a very convenient mooring place for steam vessels. Within a few decades, the term dumb barge evolved, and came to mean: 'a vessel propelled by oars only'. By the 1890s Dumb barge was still used only on the Thames. By 1880 barges on British rivers and canals were often towed by steam tugboats. On the Thames, many dumb barges still relied on their poles, oars and the tide. Others dumb barges made use of about 50 tugboats to tow them to their destinations. While many coal barges were towed, many dumb barges that handled single parcels were not. On

6930-559: The water to prevent deterioration. They return to the Chao Phraya River only for a Royal Barge Procession. Barges Barge typically refers to a flat-bottomed vessel which does not have its own means of mechanical propulsion. Original use was on inland waterways, while modern use is on both inland and marine water environments. The first modern barges were pulled by tugs , but on inland waterways, most are pushed by pusher boats , or other vessels. The term barge has

7020-717: Was a Sukhothai noble who had defeated Worawongsathirat in 1548 and put Maha Chakkraphat on the throne. Prince Naret, also known as the "Black Prince" ( Thai : พระองค์ดำ ), had a younger brother Ekathotsarot , known as the "White Prince", and an elder sister, Suphankanlaya . During the siege of Ayutthaya during the Burmese–Siamese War (1563–64) , King Bayinnaung of the Toungoo dynasty of Bago, Burma (formerly known in Burmese as Hanthawaddy ( Burmese : ဟံသာဝတီ and in Thai as RTGS :  Hongsawadi หงสาวดี ) led

7110-459: Was a highly romanticized historical scene known as the "Elephant Battle" ( สงครามยุทธหัตถี Songkram Yuddhahatthi . ) After a prolonged duel and narrowly missing Naresuan but cutting his helmet, Naresuan was able to cut Mingyi Swa with his ngao (glaive). Prince Somdet Phra Ekathotsarot was also able to kill the governor of Muang Chacharo. The main Siamese army then arrived and the Burmese were routed and scattered. The King of Bago then ordered

7200-576: Was able to escape. In 1580, Baraminreachea still believed Siam was weak and ordered Thotsa Racha and Surin Racha to invade Siam with a force of 5,000, including elephants and cavalry. The plan was to raid cities around Ayutthaya such as Saraburi and capture loot and people. Naresuan led a force of 3,000 men out of Ayutthaya to engage the Khmer army. The Khmer army was destroyed and forced to retreat back to Cambodia. This battle made King Naresuan revered among

7290-599: Was bombed in WWII, destroying a large number of royal barges. They were not employed again until the celebration of the 25th century of the Buddhist Era in 1957. In 1959, Bhumibol Adulyadej revived the Royal Barge Procession as a means of presenting the Royal Kathin (robes for monks) in a royal ceremony. In the reign of King Rama IX, Bhumibol Adulyadej ( r. 1946–2016), 16 royal barge processions were conducted: In

7380-424: Was crowned King of Ayutthaya as Sanphet II . The Burmese army led by Phra Maha Uparat attacked Siam again, but Naresuan defeated it near Ban Khoi. The Burmese army retreated back to Bago, losing many men, elephants, horses, arms, and ammunition. King Naresuan is known in Thailand for his 1593 elephant duel with Crown Prince Mingyi Swa . However, most other accounts of the era mention an elephant battle but not

7470-545: Was felled by a shot from a Siamese firearm. According to Terwiel, there are ten different accounts of the battle by indigenous, European and Persian authors: (four Siamese, one Burmese, four late 16th and early 17th century European accounts and late 17th century one Persian account). Only one Siamese account says there was a formal elephant duel between Naresuan and Swa. However, Jeremias van Vliet's account of Siam in early 1630s includes interviews with Siamese subjects who were contemporaries of King Naresuan and who insisted that

7560-540: Was forced to return to Ayutthaya to recover. When he got back to Ayutthaya, the Cambodian Navy was present and besieging Nai Kai fortress. The fortress fell to the Cambodian forces. King Naresuan lured the Cambodian navy up the river where they met the Siamese artillery. After heavy bombardment, the Cambodian navy was forced to retreat. In 1578, Phraya Chin Chantu, a Chinese noble serving under Cambodia attacked

7650-468: Was highly intelligent, gained a great deal of general knowledge of the times." Maha Thammaracha made Naret the Uparaja ("crown prince") of Phitsanulok as Naresuan at the age of 15. Naresuan joined his father and the King of Bago in an expedition to conquer Vientiane , the capital of the restored Lan Xang , but he contracted smallpox and had to return. He built Chankasem Palace in Ayutthaya as

7740-458: Was killed by "the royal gun used by Somdet Phra Naresuan while crossing the Satong river". This sent the Maha Uparat's troops into a panicked retreat, prompting him to return to the capital. Naresuan then held the "ceremony of swearing allegiance" with the people of Sukhothai , drinking water from the sacred pond of Puay Si. His forces then took Sawankhalok . In 1584 Naresuan brought down all of

7830-537: Was originally a flat bottomed merchant vessel for use on navigable rivers. Most of these barges had sails. For traffic on the River Severn the barge was described thus: "The lesser sort are called barges and frigates, being from forty to sixty feet in length, having a single mast and square sail, and carrying from twenty to forty tons burthen." The larger vessels were called trows. On the River Irwell there

7920-587: Was reference to barges passing below Barton Aqueduct with their mast and sails standing. Early barges on the Thames were called west country barges. In the United Kingdom the word barge had many meanings by the 1890s, and these varied locally. On the Mersey a barge was called a 'Flat', on the Thames a Lighter or barge, and on the Humber a 'Keel'. A Lighter had neither mast nor rigging. A keel did have

8010-671: Was shipped by barge from the Tulsa Port of Catoosa in Oklahoma to a refinery in Pascagoula, Mississippi . Extremely large objects are normally shipped in sections and assembled after delivery, but shipping an assembled unit reduces costs and avoids reliance on construction labor at the delivery site, which in the case of the reactor was still recovering from Hurricane Katrina . Of the reactor's 700-mile (1,100 km) journey, only about 40 miles (64 km) were traveled overland, from

8100-655: Was unwell. After that Naresuan laid siege to Taungoo for two months but retreated due to lack of food. Natshinnaung killed Nanda Bayin while he was held captive in Toungoo. Nyaungyan Min then crowned himself as the King of Ava to counter the Viceroys of Toungoo and Prome . Siam was then free of a Burmese threat for four years until the King of Ava went on a campaign to subjugate the Shans . When he advanced as far as Theinni , Naresuan raised an army of 200,000 men to counter

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