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40-640: Following the introduction of home rule in Greenland in 1979, the company was reformed into several successors, including the KNI conglomerate, the Royal Greenland fishing company, and the Royal Arctic shipping company. The Royal Greenland Trading Department was founded in 1774 as a successor to the failed General Trade Company ( Det almindelige Handelskompagni ) which had previously managed

80-538: A different company in 1864. In 1908, the Ministry of the Interior took over general administration and, in 1912, the entire trading operation was brought under its supervision as well. The Royal Greenland Trading Department began with a gift of three ships from the king: the large frigate Kongens Gave ("King's Gift"), the smaller frigate Holsteinsborg , and the galiot Den Gloende . In 1776, its fleet consisted of

120-450: A province , a county , or a department , so that a local county council , county commission , parish council , or board of supervisors may have jurisdiction over its unincorporated areas , including important issues like zoning . Without this, the division is simply an extension of the higher government. The legislature can also establish or eliminate municipal corporations , which have home rule within town or city limits through

160-584: A Scottish assembly. Between 1947 and 1950, the Scottish Covenant , a petition requesting a Scottish legislature within the UK, received over two million signatures. It was not until 1979 that devolution entered the political sphere – the 1979 Scottish devolution referendum was held. Despite a vote of 51.6% in favour of devolution, the Scotland Act 1978 was not put into effect due to a requirement that

200-603: A discount Pilersuisoq in Aasiaat in 2008, even though both companies were state-owned at the time (A majority stake in Pisiffik has since been sold to Dagrofa , a Danish food concern). Since the initial experiment, KNI has folded Pilersuisoq back in as a division of the parent company. It continues to operate a chain of all-purpose general stores in remote locations under government subsidy (roughly DKK 40m per year ) as well as some smaller towns still unserved by Pisiffik or

240-489: A federal system of government (e.g., Brazil , Canada , Ethiopia , Germany , Switzerland , and the United States ) have a guaranteed constitutional existence, a devolved home rule system of government is created by ordinary legislation and can be reformed, or even abolished, by repeal or amendment of that ordinary legislation. A legislature may, for example, create home rule for an administrative division, such as

280-646: A government-owned Scandinavian whaling fleet, led the company to focus on trade with the local Inuit hunters. The Instruction of 1782 divided the colony into northern and southern halves , forbade senior management from intermarriage with native or racially mixed women and lower-ranking employees from intermarriage with native or European women, and banned further attempts to urbanize the Inuit or alter their traditional way of life through improved employment opportunities or sales of luxury items. Large premiums were charged on goods such as sugar and coffee in order to prevent

320-501: A parallel system of governance and law independent of the state(s) that the reservation lies within, often including separate police forces. For instance, some tribes are permitted to operate gambling establishments which may be illegal in the surrounding state or states. Reservations are not states and have no direct representation in Congress, and the citizens vote as citizens of the state by which they are surrounded. Furthermore, unlike

360-657: A shared monarch. Senior Liberals Lord Hartington and Joseph Chamberlain led the battle against Home Rule in Parliament. They broke with the Liberal leader William Ewart Gladstone who insisted on Home Rule, and in 1886 formed a new party, the Liberal Unionist Party . It helped defeat Home Rule and eventually merged with the Conservative party. Chamberlain used anti-Catholicism to build a base for

400-694: A state, nor part of a state. At certain times, and currently since 1973, Congress has provided for D.C. government to be carried out primarily by locally elected officials. However, congressional oversight of this local government still exists, and locally elected officials' powers could theoretically be revoked at any time. In the United States, some states constitutionally or legislatively grant home rule to counties and municipalities within their borders. These are called "home rule states". Local governments in home rule states are free to pass laws and ordinances as they see fit to further their operations, within

440-489: A voyage and a deferral of heritage fees for the families of crew members deceased during a voyage. The Department began purchasing its own trading vessels again in 1790. Ships operated by the trading department included the Mariane , Tjalfe , Godthaab , Gertrud Rask , Gustav Holm , and Ceres . From 1792, the armed vessel Dorothea served as a coastal patrol in northern Greenland in order to prevent illegal trading between

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480-617: Is Greenland's head of state. Greenland is not part of the European Union, even though Denmark is. Several nationalist leaders banded together in 1916 under the leadership of Annie Besant to voice a demand for self-government, and to obtain the status of a dominion within the British Empire as enjoyed by Australia, Canada, South Africa, New Zealand and Newfoundland at the time. While enjoying considerable popularity for some years, its growth and activity were stalled by

520-577: Is no sovereignty separate from that of the parent state, and thus no separate chief military command nor separate foreign policy and diplomacy . In the British Isles , it traditionally referred to self-government , devolution or independence of the countries of the United Kingdom —initially Ireland , and later Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . In the United States and other countries organised as federations of states ,

560-613: Is the Faroese head of state. As of June 2024 , The Faroe Islands are not part of the European Union , even though Denmark is. Greenland is a self-governing country in the Danish Realm. Following a referendum in Greenland where the majority favored a higher degree of autonomy, home rule was granted by the Parliament of Denmark in 1979. After another referendum , further autonomy was granted in 2009. Denmark's monarch

600-434: Is the government of a colony, dependent country, or region by its own citizens. It is thus the power of a part ( administrative division ) of a state or an external dependent country to exercise such of the state's powers of governance within its own administrative area that have been decentralized to it by the central government. Home rule may govern in an autonomous administrative division ; in contrast, though, there

640-1407: The Bernstorff , the Eichsted , the Godthaab , the Holsteinsborg , the Island , the Kongenshaab , the Krag Juul Wind , the Lovisenborg , the Mariakirke , the Sankt Croix , the Sankt Peter , the Schack Rathlau , the Schimmelmann, Skatmester , the Strat Davis , and the Taasinge Slot . The next year, only 10 vessels returned: the Bernstorff , the Eichsted , the Gregers Juul , the Guldberg ,

680-576: The Holsteinsborg , the Kongenshaab , the Krag Juul Wind , the Schack Rathlau , the Schack , and the Schimmelmann, Skatmester . In 1781, a royal order granted a number of privileges to crew members of the Royal Greenland fleet. They were made exempt from regular military service except for times of utter need. Furthermore, crew members were freed from any civil obligations, which included tax-free trading for personal provisioning before and after

720-518: The Irish Free State ). The home rule demands of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century differed from earlier demands for Repeal by Daniel O'Connell in the first half of the nineteenth century. Whereas home rule meant a constitutional movement towards an Irish parliament under the ultimate sovereignty of Westminster , in much the same manner as Canada , New Zealand , or the much later Scottish devolution process , repeal meant

760-740: The Royal Greenland Trading Department , which controlled the government of Greenland itself from 1774 to 1908 and possessed a monopoly on Greenlandic trade from 1776 to 1950. Today, the company remains a major component of the Greenlandic economy and remains fully owned by the local government . The company is based in Sisimiut (Holsteinsborg), Greenland's second-largest city , located in mid-western Greenland's Qeqqata Municipality . The Royal Greenland Trading Department ( Den Kongelige Grønlandske Handel , KGH)

800-533: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . This demand led to the eventual introduction of four Home Rule Bills, of which two were passed, the Government of Ireland Act 1914 won by John Redmond and most notably the Government of Ireland Act 1920 (which created the home rule parliaments of Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland – the latter state did not in reality function and was replaced by

840-565: The city council . The higher government could also abolish counties/townships, redefine their boundaries, or dissolve their home-rule governments, according to the relevant laws. The Faroe Islands is a self-governing country in the Danish Realm . Home rule was granted by the Parliament of Denmark in 1948, after a failed attempt of the Faroese to gain complete independence , with further autonomy granted in 2005. Denmark's monarch

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880-613: The 'Yes' vote receive the support of 40% of the electorate, which was not met on 63.8% turnout. In 1999, due to the success of a second referendum , the Scottish Parliament was created. The U.S. Constitution gives jurisdiction over the capital city (District of Columbia or Washington, D.C.) to the United States Congress in "all cases whatsoever". This jurisdiction necessitated that the District not be

920-539: The Dano-Norwegian whaling stations and Lutheran and Moravian missions in Greenland . At first, it possessed a monopoly on trade near the Danish trading stations and missions but, in 1776, this was expanded to a monopoly on all trade in Greenland whatsoever between the 60th and 73d parallels north. The change in protection led to a sharp downturn in new settlements and, after a brief abortive attempt to manage

960-493: The Inuit and foreign ships and to discourage whaling by other nations in the area. The department also operated the commercial whaler s/s Sonja between 1924 and 1958, with a six-year hiatus during World War II. The company's monopoly was finally ended in 1950, as the two halves of Greenland were reunited in preparation for the island's full integration with the Kingdom of Denmark, which occurred in 1953. The Home Rule Government

1000-412: The Inuit from 'softening' and abandoning their demanding work. Repeated attempts to end the department's monopoly on trade were defeated, notably by an impassioned defense of the company's practices by its director Hinrich Rink , but local councils were established in 1857 with authority over one-fifth of each station's profits and the valuable trade in cryolite extracted from Ivigtut was granted to

1040-464: The United Kingdom. Although the term 'home rule' has been largely superseded by "devolution," the home rule movement can be seen as the forerunner to the creation of the current devolved Scottish Parliament . Administrative devolution was granted to Scotland, with the creation of the Scottish Office , in 1885. In the mid-20th century, the home rule movement became significant, campaigning for

1080-543: The bounds of the state and federal constitutions. In other states, local governments have only the authority expressly granted to them by state legislatures, typically in accordance with the legal principle known as Dillon's Rule . A city charter, awarded by the state, defines the limits to a municipality's powers. The United States federal government provides limited self-rule to some federally recognised Native American tribes over their lands on reservations. Tribal lands are recognised as "dependent domestic nations" and operate

1120-482: The company was reorganized as Kalaallit Niuerfiat . This was then reorganized into the KNI conglomerate in 1992. The conglomerate's fishing operations were spun off as Royal Greenland A/S in 1990 and its shipping operations as Royal Arctic Line A/S in 1992. On January 1, 1993, KNI was restructured into a holding company KNI-mik Piginnittut and two subsidiaries, KNI Pisiffik and KNI Pilersuisoq, both including aspects of

1160-586: The new party among "Orange" Nonconformist Protestant elements in Britain and Ireland. Liberal Unionist John Bright coined the party's slogan, "Home rule means Rome rule." Ultimately, the Irish Free State was established in 1922 as an independent Dominion sharing the British monarch as head of state, though Northern Ireland was separated from the new state and gained its own Home Rule Parliament which existed until 1972 (The current Northern Ireland Assembly

1200-539: The newer entrant Brugsen . It also operates some Post Greenland and Bank of Greenland offices, manages duty-free stores at Kangerlussuaq and Narsarsuaq Airports , and services for Air Greenland related to helicopter flights to and from the smaller settlements. Another division is the company's liquid fuel distribution network, Polaroil , which employs 70 full-time-equivalent staff and operates 70 stations across Greenland. The removal of its headquarters from Maniitsoq to Sisimiut in 2010 provoked protests from

1240-414: The parent company's retail division. KNI Pisiffik was based in Greenland's larger towns and was an experiment in running the stores without government subsidy; KNI Pilersuisoq was located in the more distant and less populous towns and was understood to require public underwriting. Pisiffik A/S was then spun off in 2001 and the competition between the two chains blossomed into a price war after KNI opened

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1280-411: The repeal of the 1801 Act of Union (if need be, by physical force) and the creation of an entirely independent Irish state, separated from the United Kingdom, with only a shared monarch joining them; in essence, Home Rule would see Ireland become an autonomous region within the United Kingdom, while repeal would give the island a status more akin to a Dominion , an independent nation tied to Britain by

1320-520: The rise of Mohandas Gandhi and his satyagraha art of revolution: non-violent , but mass-based civil disobedience , aimed at complete independence. Nonetheless, when Indian independence came in 1947, the new state was the Dominion of India . After three years, the Nehru Government ushered through the permanent Constitution of India creating a republic. The issue of Irish home rule

1360-504: The small community already experiencing depopulation. The company wholly owns two subsidiary companies – Neqi A/S and KNI Ejendomme A/S – and has a strong majority stake (82.5%) in a third – Akia Sisimiut A/S. Neqi A/S is another grocery store chain, selling fish and meat along with Greenlandic produce made economical through guaranteed purchasing provided by KNI on behalf of the Greenlandic government. The principal slaughterhouse

1400-525: The sovereignty of state legislatures, tribal sovereignty and land ownership are not guaranteed by the Constitution and is granted only by an act of Congress, which can be repealed or altered at any time. Kalaallit Niuerfiat KNI A/S or Greenland Trade ( Greenlandic : Kalaallit Niuerfiat , Danish : Grønlands Handel ) is a trading conglomerate in Greenland . It is the successor to

1440-504: The term usually refers to the process and mechanisms of self-government as exercised by municipalities, counties, or other units of local government at the level below that of a federal state (e.g., U.S. state, in which context see special legislation ). It can also refer to the system under which the Faroe Islands and Greenland are associated with Denmark . Home rule is not, however, equivalent to federalism . Whereas states in

1480-470: Was created in 1998; between 1972 and 1998, Northern Ireland was under direct rule from Westminster ). English home rule has been discussed in relation to proposals for constitutional changes regarding England following the 2014 Scottish independence referendum . In a similar fashion to Ireland, supporters of home rule in Scotland have historically desired greater levels of devolved governance within

1520-546: Was founded in 1774 as a Dano-Norwegian state enterprise charged with administering the Danish settlements and trade in Greenland . In the early 20th century, most of its administrative functions were lost to the Danish Ministry of the Interior and the company's monopoly was finally ended in 1950. Following the establishment of the Home Rule Government in 1979, control of KGH was ceded in 1986 and

1560-522: Was introduced in 1979 and gained control of the company in 1986, renaming it Kalaallit Niuerfiat ( Kalallisut : "Greenland Trade"). In 1992, it was reorganized into the KNI conglomerate. The Royal Greenland fishing company was spun off in 1990, the Royal Arctic Line shipping company in 1993, and the Pisiffik retail chain in 2001. Home rule#Greenland home rule Home rule

1600-543: Was the dominant political question of British and Irish politics at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries. From the late nineteenth century, Irish leaders of the Home Rule League , the predecessor of the Irish Parliamentary Party , under Isaac Butt , William Shaw , and Charles Stewart Parnell demanded a form of home rule, with the creation of an Irish parliament within

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