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42-642: Founded in 1614, in the wake of the Kalmar War , the Royal Danish Army was originally designed to maintain Denmark's sovereignty and protect her interest. With time, these goals have developed into also encompassing the need to protect freedom and peaceful development in the world with respect for human rights. The Danish King remained commander in chief throughout the Early Modern period, in

84-904: A 34-year-old Lance Corporal with the Jutland Dragoon Regiment , became the first coalition soldier not from the United States or Britain to die in the Iraq War . Starting in 2001, the Royal Danish Army was also involved in the War in Afghanistan and the Royal Danish Army and the British Army have been involved in heavy clashes with the Taliban in the Helmand Province , where about 760 Danish soldiers controlled

126-691: A large battlegroup. The Danish army withdrew its combat forces from Afghanistan in May 2014. After the Afghan National Army took responsibility for the security in Afghanistan in 2015, the Danish army has provided training, advisory and security support as part of Resolute Support Mission . In an effort to relieve police officers in Copenhagen and at the border control, Danish soldiers replaced police officers in 2017 at different locations, marking

168-663: A major concession — the right of free trade through the Sound Strait , becoming exempt from the Sound toll. One of the results coming out of the Kalmar War was the establishment of Denmark–Norway as a competent army recognized throughout Europe. Still, because the Dano-Norwegian Alliance did not achieve a total overall victory, Sweden would recover under Gustavus Adolphus. Surprisingly enough, Sweden and

210-700: A total of 456, but it was outdated and too slow for the standards of the mid-1930s. Although this was only an army observation aircraft, it still had a quite powerful engine and performance. In 1933, there were 40 squadrons, of seven machines each, related to the Italian Army, with 238 Ro.1s as the main aircraft force. It was the most numerous Italian aircraft in the Second Italo-Abyssinian War . The Norwegian Army Air Service bought its first five C.VEs in 1926. The initial purchase agreement with Fokker included license production rights, and in

252-527: A traditionally Norwegian area in Northern Norway , Denmark-Norway declared war upon Sweden and invaded. The Danish-Norwegian side planned to attack Sweden on three fronts; from Kristianopel towards Kalmar , from Halmstad towards Jönköping , and from the Norwegian side towards the fortress of Älvsborg and thereafter further into Västergötland . A force of 6,000 Danish troops laid siege to

294-557: Is a noted military event in Norway, celebrated to this day. Fokker C.V The Fokker C.V was a Dutch light reconnaissance and bomber biplane aircraft manufactured by Fokker . It was designed by Anthony Fokker and the series manufacture began in 1924 at Fokker in Amsterdam. The C.V was constructed in the early 1920s by Anthony Fokker. The aircraft was intended as a two-seat reconnaissance and bomber aircraft. When shown to

336-758: Is preserved and can be seen in the Swedish Air Force Museum . Lieutenant Einar Lundborg rescued the Italian General Umberto Nobile in 1928, with a S 6B, equipped with skis. Nobile was on an ice shelf after his airship Italia had crashed on its way to the North Pole. After comparative trials in 1927, Swiss authorities had 48 C.V.-E licence-built in Switzerland for use by the Swiss Air Force (then

378-605: The Breda A.7 and Ansaldo A.120 . It entered service in 1927, in Italian Libya against the local rebels. It was used both for reconnaissance and light attack. It was convertible as a three-seat machine, or as a light attack aircraft (two machine-guns), or as a very long range aircraft with an auxiliary fuel tank that increased the endurance from five to twelve hours. The last version had a 410 kW (550 hp) engine instead of 321 kW (430 hp) and produced until 1934,

420-584: The General Command over Funen , General Command of the Duchies and General Command for Langeland, Ærø and Tåsinge. The Royal Danish Army has historically been an integral part of the defence of Denmark and thus involved in warfare, skirmishes and battles continuously to protect her interests. Most notably various territorial wars with Sweden , Russia and Prussia , the Napoleonic Wars on

462-690: The Lapps in Nordland" and began "collecting" taxes in Norwegian territory, even south of Tromsø . Since the Sound Dues were Denmark's main source of income, Denmark-Norway did not want to see alternative trade routes established, particularly when established through Norwegian territory. Denmark-Norway protested. King Charles IX of Sweden ignored the protests of King Christian IV of Denmark and Norway. Finally, in April 1611, in response to Sweden's claim of

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504-703: The Northern Seven Years' War before, gave rise to centuries of rivalry between the Norwegians and the Swedes which greatly influenced the machinations of the personal union between the two countries after the Dano-Norwegian loss in 1814. Rather than ceding Norway to Sweden like what was agreed upon in the Treaty of Kiel , Norway denied being ruled under Sweden and rebelled in a short war known as

546-589: The Norwegian War of Independence . This would result in a treaty allowing Norway to keep most of its sovereignty while only being loosely held in union with Sweden, until gaining complete independence in 1905. Denmark-Norways's successful defense of its Dominium maris baltici gathered much attention from surrounding countries since the Baltic Sea was a lucrative trade route. Other powers opposed Denmark – Norway and Sweden's vie for total control of power of

588-772: The Thirty Years' War , the Dano-Swedish War (1657–58) and the Scanian War (1675–1679), the Great Northern War (1700–1721), the Theatre War of 1789/9 and the Napoleonic Wars . In 1815, however, as a result of continued evolution and division of command, four general commands were created with the King as the supreme authority: the General Command over Zealand, Lolland-Falster, Møn and Bornholm ,

630-751: The United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), together with the Danish Home Guard . In addition, the Royal Danish Army was involved in the War in Iraq from 2003 to 2007 with a significant contingent of soldiers responsible for creating and maintaining peace in the province of Basra , together with the British. Denmark lost its first soldier in Iraq on 17 August 2003 when Preben Pedersen,

672-504: The Army. At the outbreak of World War II, there were 36 aircraft left in service. They would continue until being replaced by Saab 17s from 1942. CVM manufactured 17 S 6 between 1929 and 1932. Some were fitted with floats and designated S 6H . In 1945, the SwAF sold three S 6s to Svensk Flygtjänst to be used for aerial application over forest. Two other were sold to Skåneflyg in 1947. One

714-793: The Baltic Sea and would eventually intervene. The rise of the Maritime Powers including Great Britain and the Dutch established a rivalry for power in the Baltic Sea. Archduke Albert of the Habsburgs sought out aid from the Hanseatics in order to challenge the military prowess of King Christian IV. Although a side-note to the war, the Battle of Kringen , in which Scottish mercenary forces were defeated by Gudbrandsdal militiamen from Lesja , Dovre , Vaage ( Vågå ), Fron , Lom and Ringebu

756-667: The C.Vs flying an unknown number of sorties and suffering one aircraft loss. The C.VE was built in Italy by OFM ( Officine Ferroviarie Meridionali , later IMAM ) under licence in 1927 as the Romeo Ro.1 . It was used by the Aviation Corps of the Regio Esercito (Italian Army) as an observation and ground attack aircraft. Well liked in the civilian market, it was selected for use by Air Marshal Italo Balbo , as superior to

798-472: The Danish and Norwegians would enter into a brief alliance in the coming Thirty Years' War. Eventually, however, Danish lack of gains in the war and eventual withdrawal, and Sweden's successful military campaign and rise in power led to Sweden's counterattack in the Torstenson War where Denmark-Norway would lose and cede control of the Baltic Sea to the King of Sweden. The Kalmar War, in addition to

840-466: The Danish army could never mount a serious attack on the capital itself. England and the Dutch Republic were also invested in the Baltic Sea trade, and pressured to curtail Denmark-Norway's power by ending the Kalmar War before a decisive victory could be attained. The Danes and Norwegians, while well-equipped and strong, had relied heavily on mercenary forces and Christian IV, low on funds,

882-767: The Estonian volunteer-manned Nachtschlachtgruppe 11 (Night Ground Attack Wing 11) at Rahkla in 1944. NSGr. 11 used its C.V-Es on the Eastern Front to carry out disruptive harassment night bombing sorties against the Russian front lines. These operations were carried out in response to similar nocturnal operations by Soviet light aircraft, such as Po-2 biplanes. Two of the C.V-Es of the NSGr. 11 were flown to Sweden in October 1944 by four Estonian defectors, and one of them

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924-710: The Luchtvaartafdeling 67 examples were produced in several batches between 1926 and 1934. 28 were still operational at the time of the German attack on the Netherlands on 10 May 1940. They were used successfully on reconnaissance and bombing missions using "nap of the earth" (HuBoBe)(short for huisje-boompje-beestje, literally translated into house-tree-animal, referring to the low altitude at which they flew) flying techniques. Nearly two dozen aircraft were used as trainers and hacks, or in storage and repair In 1927,

966-508: The Netherlands, Norway, Switzerland, the Soviet Union and the US. Sweden purchased two different versions to use as models for their license manufacturing of the reconnaissance version S 6 and a fighter version J 3 . The Finnish Air Force used both C.V-Ds and C.V-Es. One C.V-E was purchased in 1927, with delivery 20 September, and a further 13 were purchased on 17 March 1934, arriving in

1008-872: The Royal Army Aircraft Factory at Værløse . As a result of the establishment of the Royal Danish Air Force in 1950, the Army Aviation Troops were disbanded and activities transferred to the new service. During the Cold War the Army created the Royal Danish Army Air Corps ( Hærens Flyvetjeneste ) in 1971 with 12 Hughes OH-6 Cayuse light observation helicopters. In 1974, an additional 4 Hughes OH-6 Cayuse were added. The Army bought 12 Eurocopter Fennec as anti-tank helicopters in 1990. But with

1050-496: The Swedish Air Force purchased two C.VDs ( J 3 ) and two C.VE ( S 6 ) to serve as models for the eventual license manufacturing of the aircraft by CVM at Malmen. The four aircraft were flown to Sweden in 1928. They proved suitable and an agreement for licence production was made and a further four C.V-E and six C.V-D were purchased, the latter designated J 3A . Seven C.VD ordered from CVM were built as C.VE, as by 1929 it

1092-599: The Swiss Army Air Corps). 24 machines were built at K+W Thun and 24 at Doflug Altenrhein . The aircraft were in service from 1933 to 1940 and were armed with bombs, two pilot machine guns and a double machine gun for the observer. The Swiss Air Force used their C.Vs as target tugs until 1954, after their retirement from frontline service. During their occupation of Denmark , the Germans seized some Danish Fokker C.V.-Es. Some of these aircraft were used by

1134-411: The border between Denmark and Sweden. In a February raid, Gustavus nearly drowned at the Battle of Vittsjö after being surprised by a Danish army. In early 1612, Denmark-Norway attacked and eventually conquered two fortresses on the border between the fighting countries, Älvsborg and Gullberg , both in present-day Gothenburg . This was a major setback for Sweden, as the country now lacked access to

1176-562: The city of Kalmar , ultimately taking it. Norwegian forces, although stationed on the border, were instructed not to enter Sweden. On 26 June a Swedish force carried out the Storming of Kristianopel . In the summer of 1611, Swedish forces under Baltzar Bäck were ordered to invade Norwegian Jämtland . They did so, and armed Swedish peasants marched into Härjedalen . Both Jämtland and Härjedalen were conquered without much fight. However, Bäck's lack of ability, or will, to stop excesses against

1218-590: The country and mostly saw service as reconnaissance aircraft and light bombers. Although the planes were outdated, they still saw extensive and successful service in the bomber role during the April–June 1940 Norwegian Campaign , supporting Norwegian ground troops fighting on the Narvik front . The type was used by the Luchtvaartafdeeling (pre war airforce), MLD (marine luchtvaartdienst) and KNIL-ML. For

1260-884: The end of the Cold War and the reduction of forces, the 12 Eurocopter Fennec AS 550 and 10 Hughes OH-6 Cayuse (both as utility helicopters) were transferred to the Squadron 724 of the Air Force in 2003, and the Army Air Service disbanded. Each regiment and corps has distinctive insignia, such as a cap badge , berets , Formation patchs or stable belt . The rank insignia of commissioned officers . The rank insignia of non-commissioned officers and enlisted personnel . The Army has throughout its long history had many different regiments that have either changed names, been disbanded, or been amalgamated or merged. Since

1302-417: The end of the Cold War has seen many cuts to military expenditure, many regiments have been downsized and merged. Likewise, further development of military tactics have led to a streamlining of the regiments. Kalmar War The Kalmar War (1611–1613) was fought between Denmark–Norway and Sweden . Though Denmark-Norway soon gained the upper hand, it was unable to defeat Sweden entirely. The Kalmar War

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1344-410: The first time in 86 years soldiers were used to keep order in cities. The structure of the Danish army changed in 2015, leaving Danish Division without brigades or support troops directly under its command. The two brigades had only command over combat battalions, as combat support and logistic support units were grouped under various support centres. 1st Brigade consisted of four combat battalions and

1386-482: The period 1929–1931, 15 C.VEs were manufactured at the NoAAS' aircraft factory at Kjeller . After the production of C.VEs ended, a further 28 C.VDs followed between 1932 and 1939. In total, the NoAAS operated 48 Fokker C.Vs, 43 of which were license built in Norway. When the Germans invaded Norway on 9 April 1940, 42 Fokker C.Vs were still in Norwegian service. The C.Vs were based on several air bases in different parts of

1428-584: The population meant that the locals eventually rose up against the Swedish occupants. In the end, the Swedish troops could not handle the situation and were forced to leave Jämtland/Härjedalen in autumn 1612. On 20 October 1611 King Charles IX of Sweden died and was succeeded by his son, Gustavus Adolphus . On ascending the throne, Gustavus Adolphus sued for peace, but Christian IV saw an opportunity for larger victories, and strengthened his armies in southern Sweden. In response, Gustavus began conducting raids along

1470-496: The public in 1924 was manufactured in a variety of versions; the customer could choose from five different wing constructions (which varied in wing span). The radial engines could give between 336–723 kW (451–970 hp). The landing gear could be changed from wheels to pontoons . The aircraft became an export success for Fokker, it was sold and/or license manufactured in Bolivia, China, Denmark, Finland, Hungary, Italy, Japan,

1512-429: The sea in the west. Having achieved this success, and aiming to end the war as soon as possible, the Danish command ordered an attack deep into Sweden, towards the capital of Stockholm. However, this proved to be a failure. Scorched earth methods and guerrilla warfare from the Swedish side made this a very difficult task and many of the mercenaries in the Danish army deserted since they did not receive their pay. Thus,

1554-424: The side of France. The Royal Danish Army has been committed to a number of United Nations and NATO peacekeeping and unconventional warfare operations since becoming involved in the Yugoslav Wars under UN mandate in 1994, most notably in the famous Operation Bøllebank . The Royal Danish Army was also engaged in the Kosovo War and continues to this day to maintain peacekeeping operations in Kosovo as part of

1596-492: The winter of 1935. During the Winter War , Sweden donated three more C.V-Es. Two C.V-Ds were also flown from Norway to Finland at the closing stages of the Norwegian Campaign. These were interned and turned over to the FAF. The aircraft were used as reconnaissance and light bomber aircraft between 20 September 1927 and 14 February 1945. During the Winter War, the Finnish C.Vs flew 151 reconnaissance and harassment bombing sorties without suffering any losses. The Continuation War saw

1638-418: Was clear the type was unsuitable as a fighter, but still they were designated J 3B . In 1931, the J 3B were redesignated S 6 , the J 3 and J 3A S 6A . Ten C.VE with Nohab My VI engines instead of Jupiter VI engines were given the designation S 6B . The S 6 became the prime liaison aircraft for the Swedish Air Force. It was used for fire spotting, aerial photographing and liaison duty in conjunction with

1680-477: Was finally amenable to persuasion in 1613. With the intercession of James I of England , the Treaty of Knäred was signed on 20 January 1613. Denmark–Norway reached its victory, restoring Norwegian control of Sweden's land route through Lapland by incorporating Lapland as a part of Norway. Further, Sweden had to pay a high ransom for two fortresses (Älvsborg and Gullberg), two towns and six surrounding hundreds captured by Denmark-Norway. Sweden, however, achieved

1722-675: Was tasked with providing troops for international deployments. 2nd Brigade consisted of five battalions and was tasked with the defence of the Danish territory. Support centres contained the army's combat support, combat logistic and general support units. This structure was changed in The Danish Army Aviation Troops ( Hærens Flyvertropper ) were established in 1923 following the rapid development of military aircraft technology. The Aviation Troops flew two squadrons of Fokker C.V reconnaissance aircraft from 1923 to 1932, when 17 Gloster Gauntlet fighters were purchased to form two new squadrons. In 1937, ten Fokker D.XXI fighters were built on licence in

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1764-455: Was the last time Denmark-Norway successfully defended its dominium maris baltici against Sweden, and it also marked the increasing influence of the two countries on Baltic politics. Since Denmark–Norway controlled the strait between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea , Sweden sought an alternative trade route through sparsely populated Lapland to avoid paying Denmark's Sound Dues . In 1607, Charles IX of Sweden declared himself "King of

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